diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 293359a669..9602bff893 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -57,3 +57,4 @@ cmd/geth/geth
cmd/rlpdump/rlpdump
cmd/workload/workload
cmd/keeper/keeper
+cmd/pushtx/pushtx
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index f3d7f48f2f..b7cb3bc38b 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -14,6 +14,12 @@ geth:
@echo "Done building."
@echo "Run \"$(GOBIN)/geth\" to launch geth."
+#? pushtx: Build pushtx.
+pushtx:
+ $(GORUN) build/ci.go install ./cmd/pushtx
+ @echo "Done building."
+ @echo "Run \"$(GOBIN)/pushtx\" to launch pushtx."
+
#? evm: Build evm.
evm:
$(GORUN) build/ci.go install ./cmd/evm
diff --git a/cmd/pushtx/main.go b/cmd/pushtx/main.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..674176a996
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmd/pushtx/main.go
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+// Copyright 2025 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum. If not, see .
+
+// pushtx submits a raw signed transaction to an Ethereum JSON-RPC endpoint.
+package main
+
+import (
+ "context"
+ "encoding/hex"
+ "fmt"
+ "io"
+ "math/big"
+ "os"
+ "strings"
+
+ "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+ "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
+ "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+ "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc"
+)
+
+const defaultRPCURL = "http://127.0.0.1:8545"
+
+func main() {
+ if err := run(os.Args[1:], os.Stdin); err != nil {
+ fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
+ os.Exit(1)
+ }
+}
+
+func run(args []string, stdin io.Reader) error {
+ var (
+ rpcURL string
+ txHex string
+ )
+ // Parse flags manually so the tool stays minimal.
+ for i := 0; i < len(args); i++ {
+ switch {
+ case args[i] == "--rpc" || args[i] == "-rpc":
+ i++
+ if i >= len(args) {
+ return fmt.Errorf("missing value for %s", args[i-1])
+ }
+ rpcURL = args[i]
+ case strings.HasPrefix(args[i], "--rpc="):
+ rpcURL = strings.TrimPrefix(args[i], "--rpc=")
+ case strings.HasPrefix(args[i], "-rpc="):
+ rpcURL = strings.TrimPrefix(args[i], "-rpc=")
+ case args[i] == "-h" || args[i] == "--help":
+ printUsage()
+ return nil
+ case strings.HasPrefix(args[i], "-"):
+ return fmt.Errorf("unknown flag: %s", args[i])
+ default:
+ if txHex != "" {
+ return fmt.Errorf("unexpected argument: %s", args[i])
+ }
+ txHex = args[i]
+ }
+ }
+
+ if rpcURL == "" {
+ rpcURL = defaultRPCURL
+ }
+
+ // Read transaction hex from stdin when no positional argument is given.
+ if txHex == "" {
+ data, err := io.ReadAll(stdin)
+ if err != nil {
+ return fmt.Errorf("reading stdin: %w", err)
+ }
+ txHex = strings.TrimSpace(string(data))
+ }
+ if txHex == "" {
+ return fmt.Errorf("no transaction data provided\nUsage: pushtx [--rpc URL] ")
+ }
+
+ rawTx, err := hex.DecodeString(strings.TrimPrefix(txHex, "0x"))
+ if err != nil {
+ return fmt.Errorf("invalid hex data: %w", err)
+ }
+
+ // Decode the transaction so we can display a summary.
+ var tx types.Transaction
+ if err := tx.UnmarshalBinary(rawTx); err != nil {
+ return fmt.Errorf("decoding transaction: %w", err)
+ }
+ printTxSummary(&tx)
+
+ // Send to the RPC endpoint.
+ hash, err := sendRawTransaction(rpcURL, rawTx)
+ if err != nil {
+ return fmt.Errorf("sending transaction: %w", err)
+ }
+ fmt.Println("Transaction submitted successfully")
+ fmt.Println("Hash:", hash.Hex())
+ return nil
+}
+
+// sendRawTransaction dials the given RPC endpoint and calls
+// eth_sendRawTransaction with the provided raw bytes.
+func sendRawTransaction(rpcURL string, rawTx []byte) (common.Hash, error) {
+ client, err := rpc.Dial(rpcURL)
+ if err != nil {
+ return common.Hash{}, fmt.Errorf("connecting to %s: %w", rpcURL, err)
+ }
+ defer client.Close()
+
+ var hash common.Hash
+ err = client.CallContext(context.Background(), &hash, "eth_sendRawTransaction", hexutil.Encode(rawTx))
+ if err != nil {
+ return common.Hash{}, err
+ }
+ return hash, nil
+}
+
+// printTxSummary displays the decoded transaction details to stdout.
+func printTxSummary(tx *types.Transaction) {
+ signer := types.LatestSignerForChainID(tx.ChainId())
+ from, err := types.Sender(signer, tx)
+ if err != nil {
+ from = common.Address{}
+ }
+
+ fmt.Println("Transaction details:")
+ fmt.Println(" Type: ", tx.Type())
+ fmt.Println(" From: ", from.Hex())
+ if tx.To() != nil {
+ fmt.Println(" To: ", tx.To().Hex())
+ } else {
+ fmt.Println(" To: (contract creation)")
+ }
+ fmt.Println(" Nonce: ", tx.Nonce())
+ fmt.Println(" Value: ", formatWei(tx.Value()))
+ fmt.Println(" Gas limit:", tx.Gas())
+ fmt.Println(" Chain ID: ", tx.ChainId())
+}
+
+// formatWei converts a wei amount to a human-readable string showing
+// both the wei value and the ETH equivalent.
+func formatWei(wei *big.Int) string {
+ if wei == nil || wei.Sign() == 0 {
+ return "0 wei (0 ETH)"
+ }
+ ether := new(big.Float).Quo(new(big.Float).SetInt(wei), new(big.Float).SetFloat64(1e18))
+ return fmt.Sprintf("%s wei (%s ETH)", wei.String(), ether.Text('f', 18))
+}
+
+func printUsage() {
+ fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, `Usage: pushtx [--rpc URL]
+
+Submit a raw signed Ethereum transaction to a JSON-RPC endpoint.
+
+The transaction data can be provided as a positional argument or via stdin.
+
+Options:
+ --rpc URL JSON-RPC endpoint (default: %s)
+ -h, --help Show this help message
+
+Examples:
+ pushtx --rpc http://localhost:8545 0xf86c...
+ echo 0xf86c... | pushtx --rpc http://localhost:8545
+`, defaultRPCURL)
+}
diff --git a/cmd/pushtx/main_test.go b/cmd/pushtx/main_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..101c3e8a22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmd/pushtx/main_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+// Copyright 2025 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum. If not, see .
+
+package main
+
+import (
+ "crypto/ecdsa"
+ "encoding/json"
+ "math/big"
+ "net/http"
+ "net/http/httptest"
+ "strings"
+ "testing"
+
+ "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+ "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
+ "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+ "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+)
+
+// signedTestTx returns a signed legacy transaction and its hex encoding.
+func signedTestTx(t *testing.T) (*types.Transaction, string) {
+ t.Helper()
+
+ key, err := crypto.GenerateKey()
+ if err != nil {
+ t.Fatal(err)
+ }
+ return signedTestTxWithKey(t, key)
+}
+
+func signedTestTxWithKey(t *testing.T, key *ecdsa.PrivateKey) (*types.Transaction, string) {
+ t.Helper()
+
+ tx := types.NewTx(&types.LegacyTx{
+ Nonce: 6,
+ GasPrice: big.NewInt(0),
+ Gas: 21055,
+ To: addrPtr(common.HexToAddress("0x78b5290269740033b05bd8d71c97331295eb5918")),
+ Value: new(big.Int).Mul(big.NewInt(10), big.NewInt(1e18)), // 10 ETH
+ })
+ signer := types.NewEIP155Signer(big.NewInt(1))
+ signed, err := types.SignTx(tx, signer, key)
+ if err != nil {
+ t.Fatal(err)
+ }
+ data, err := signed.MarshalBinary()
+ if err != nil {
+ t.Fatal(err)
+ }
+ return signed, hexutil.Encode(data)
+}
+
+func addrPtr(a common.Address) *common.Address { return &a }
+
+// fakeRPC starts an HTTP server that responds to eth_sendRawTransaction.
+func fakeRPC(t *testing.T, wantErr bool) *httptest.Server {
+ t.Helper()
+
+ return httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+ var req struct {
+ Method string `json:"method"`
+ Params []json.RawMessage `json:"params"`
+ ID json.RawMessage `json:"id"`
+ }
+ if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+ http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+ return
+ }
+ if req.Method != "eth_sendRawTransaction" {
+ json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]interface{}{
+ "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+ "id": req.ID,
+ "error": map[string]interface{}{"code": -32601, "message": "method not found"},
+ })
+ return
+ }
+ if wantErr {
+ json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]interface{}{
+ "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+ "id": req.ID,
+ "error": map[string]interface{}{"code": -32000, "message": "already known"},
+ })
+ return
+ }
+ // Decode the raw tx to return its hash as the result.
+ var hexData string
+ json.Unmarshal(req.Params[0], &hexData)
+ rawBytes, _ := hexutil.Decode(hexData)
+ var tx types.Transaction
+ tx.UnmarshalBinary(rawBytes)
+ json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]interface{}{
+ "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+ "id": req.ID,
+ "result": tx.Hash().Hex(),
+ })
+ }))
+}
+
+func TestRunSuccess(t *testing.T) {
+ srv := fakeRPC(t, false)
+ defer srv.Close()
+
+ _, txHex := signedTestTx(t)
+ err := run([]string{"--rpc", srv.URL, txHex}, strings.NewReader(""))
+ if err != nil {
+ t.Fatal("unexpected error:", err)
+ }
+}
+
+func TestRunFromStdin(t *testing.T) {
+ srv := fakeRPC(t, false)
+ defer srv.Close()
+
+ _, txHex := signedTestTx(t)
+ err := run([]string{"--rpc", srv.URL}, strings.NewReader(txHex))
+ if err != nil {
+ t.Fatal("unexpected error:", err)
+ }
+}
+
+func TestRunRPCError(t *testing.T) {
+ srv := fakeRPC(t, true)
+ defer srv.Close()
+
+ _, txHex := signedTestTx(t)
+ err := run([]string{"--rpc", srv.URL, txHex}, strings.NewReader(""))
+ if err == nil {
+ t.Fatal("expected error, got nil")
+ }
+ if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "already known") {
+ t.Fatalf("unexpected error message: %v", err)
+ }
+}
+
+func TestRunNoInput(t *testing.T) {
+ err := run(nil, strings.NewReader(""))
+ if err == nil {
+ t.Fatal("expected error, got nil")
+ }
+ if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "no transaction data") {
+ t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+ }
+}
+
+func TestRunBadHex(t *testing.T) {
+ err := run([]string{"not-hex-data"}, strings.NewReader(""))
+ if err == nil {
+ t.Fatal("expected error, got nil")
+ }
+ if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "invalid hex") {
+ t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+ }
+}
+
+func TestRunBadTx(t *testing.T) {
+ err := run([]string{"0xdeadbeef"}, strings.NewReader(""))
+ if err == nil {
+ t.Fatal("expected error, got nil")
+ }
+ if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "decoding transaction") {
+ t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+ }
+}
+
+func TestRunHelp(t *testing.T) {
+ err := run([]string{"--help"}, strings.NewReader(""))
+ if err != nil {
+ t.Fatal("unexpected error:", err)
+ }
+}
+
+func TestRunUnknownFlag(t *testing.T) {
+ err := run([]string{"--unknown"}, strings.NewReader(""))
+ if err == nil {
+ t.Fatal("expected error, got nil")
+ }
+ if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "unknown flag") {
+ t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+ }
+}
+
+func TestRunExtraArgs(t *testing.T) {
+ err := run([]string{"0xaa", "0xbb"}, strings.NewReader(""))
+ if err == nil {
+ t.Fatal("expected error, got nil")
+ }
+ if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "unexpected argument") {
+ t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+ }
+}
+
+func TestFormatWei(t *testing.T) {
+ tests := []struct {
+ wei *big.Int
+ want string
+ }{
+ {nil, "0 wei (0 ETH)"},
+ {big.NewInt(0), "0 wei (0 ETH)"},
+ {big.NewInt(1e18), "1000000000000000000 wei (1.000000000000000000 ETH)"},
+ {new(big.Int).Mul(big.NewInt(10), big.NewInt(1e18)), "10000000000000000000 wei (10.000000000000000000 ETH)"},
+ }
+ for _, tt := range tests {
+ got := formatWei(tt.wei)
+ if got != tt.want {
+ t.Errorf("formatWei(%v) = %q, want %q", tt.wei, got, tt.want)
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+func TestRunEqualsSyntax(t *testing.T) {
+ srv := fakeRPC(t, false)
+ defer srv.Close()
+
+ _, txHex := signedTestTx(t)
+ err := run([]string{"--rpc=" + srv.URL, txHex}, strings.NewReader(""))
+ if err != nil {
+ t.Fatal("unexpected error:", err)
+ }
+}