Merge pull request #59 from DeBankDeFi/merge_v1.11.4

Merge v1.11.4
2026-07-24 21:56:43 +00:00 · 2023-03-22 08:24:19 +03:00 · 2023-03-22 08:24:19 +03:00 · 18223554b5
commit 18223554b5
parent 714b55c052 830ef885c3
56 changed files with 1346 additions and 820 deletions
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@ -57,30 +57,6 @@ jobs:
      script:
        - go run build/ci.go docker -image -manifest amd64,arm64 -upload ethereum/client-go

-    # This builder does the Ubuntu PPA upload
-    - stage: build
-      if: type = push
-      os: linux
-      dist: bionic
-      go: 1.20.x
-      env:
-        - ubuntu-ppa
-        - GO111MODULE=on
-      git:
-        submodules: false # avoid cloning ethereum/tests
-      addons:
-        apt:
-          packages:
-            - devscripts
-            - debhelper
-            - dput
-            - fakeroot
-            - python-bzrlib
-            - python-paramiko
-      script:
-        - echo '|1|7SiYPr9xl3uctzovOTj4gMwAC1M=|t6ReES75Bo/PxlOPJ6/GsGbTrM0= ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEA0aKz5UTUndYgIGG7dQBV+HaeuEZJ2xPHo2DS2iSKvUL4xNMSAY4UguNW+pX56nAQmZKIZZ8MaEvSj6zMEDiq6HFfn5JcTlM80UwlnyKe8B8p7Nk06PPQLrnmQt5fh0HmEcZx+JU9TZsfCHPnX7MNz4ELfZE6cFsclClrKim3BHUIGq//t93DllB+h4O9LHjEUsQ1Sr63irDLSutkLJD6RXchjROXkNirlcNVHH/jwLWR5RcYilNX7S5bIkK8NlWPjsn/8Ua5O7I9/YoE97PpO6i73DTGLh5H9JN/SITwCKBkgSDWUt61uPK3Y11Gty7o2lWsBjhBUm2Y38CBsoGmBw==' >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts
-        - go run build/ci.go debsrc -upload ethereum/ethereum -sftp-user geth-ci -signer "Go Ethereum Linux Builder <geth-ci@ethereum.org>"
-
    # This builder does the Linux Azure uploads
    - stage: build
      if: type = push
@ -162,6 +138,30 @@ jobs:
      script:
        - go run build/ci.go test $TEST_PACKAGES

+    # This builder does the Ubuntu PPA nightly uploads
+    - stage: build
+      if: type = cron
+      os: linux
+      dist: bionic
+      go: 1.20.x
+      env:
+        - ubuntu-ppa
+        - GO111MODULE=on
+      git:
+        submodules: false # avoid cloning ethereum/tests
+      addons:
+        apt:
+          packages:
+            - devscripts
+            - debhelper
+            - dput
+            - fakeroot
+            - python-bzrlib
+            - python-paramiko
+      script:
+        - echo '|1|7SiYPr9xl3uctzovOTj4gMwAC1M=|t6ReES75Bo/PxlOPJ6/GsGbTrM0= ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEA0aKz5UTUndYgIGG7dQBV+HaeuEZJ2xPHo2DS2iSKvUL4xNMSAY4UguNW+pX56nAQmZKIZZ8MaEvSj6zMEDiq6HFfn5JcTlM80UwlnyKe8B8p7Nk06PPQLrnmQt5fh0HmEcZx+JU9TZsfCHPnX7MNz4ELfZE6cFsclClrKim3BHUIGq//t93DllB+h4O9LHjEUsQ1Sr63irDLSutkLJD6RXchjROXkNirlcNVHH/jwLWR5RcYilNX7S5bIkK8NlWPjsn/8Ua5O7I9/YoE97PpO6i73DTGLh5H9JN/SITwCKBkgSDWUt61uPK3Y11Gty7o2lWsBjhBUm2Y38CBsoGmBw==' >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts
+        - go run build/ci.go debsrc -upload ethereum/ethereum -sftp-user geth-ci -signer "Go Ethereum Linux Builder <geth-ci@ethereum.org>"
+
    # This builder does the Azure archive purges to avoid accumulating junk
    - stage: build
      if: type = cron
--- a/accounts/abi/bind/backends/simulated.go
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/backends/simulated.go
@ -644,20 +644,33 @@ func (b *SimulatedBackend) callContract(ctx context.Context, call ethereum.CallM
 	if call.Value == nil {
 		call.Value = new(big.Int)
 	}
+
 	// Set infinite balance to the fake caller account.
 	from := stateDB.GetOrNewStateObject(call.From)
 	from.SetBalance(math.MaxBig256)
-	// Execute the call.
-	msg := callMsg{call}

-	txContext := core.NewEVMTxContext(msg)
-	evmContext := core.NewEVMBlockContext(header, b.blockchain, nil)
+	// Execute the call.
+	msg := &core.Message{
+		From:              call.From,
+		To:                call.To,
+		Value:             call.Value,
+		GasLimit:          call.Gas,
+		GasPrice:          call.GasPrice,
+		GasFeeCap:         call.GasFeeCap,
+		GasTipCap:         call.GasTipCap,
+		Data:              call.Data,
+		AccessList:        call.AccessList,
+		SkipAccountChecks: true,
+	}
+
 	// Create a new environment which holds all relevant information
 	// about the transaction and calling mechanisms.
+	txContext := core.NewEVMTxContext(msg)
+	evmContext := core.NewEVMBlockContext(header, b.blockchain, nil)
 	vmEnv := vm.NewEVM(evmContext, txContext, stateDB, b.config, vm.Config{NoBaseFee: true})
 	gasPool := new(core.GasPool).AddGas(math.MaxUint64)

-	return core.NewStateTransition(vmEnv, msg, gasPool).TransitionDb()
+	return core.ApplyMessage(vmEnv, msg, gasPool)
 }

 // SendTransaction updates the pending block to include the given transaction.
@ -821,24 +834,6 @@ func (b *SimulatedBackend) Blockchain() *core.BlockChain {
 	return b.blockchain
 }

-// callMsg implements core.Message to allow passing it as a transaction simulator.
-type callMsg struct {
-	ethereum.CallMsg
-}
-
-func (m callMsg) From() common.Address         { return m.CallMsg.From }
-func (m callMsg) Nonce() uint64                { return 0 }
-func (m callMsg) IsFake() bool                 { return true }
-func (m callMsg) IsPre() bool                  { return false }
-func (m callMsg) To() *common.Address          { return m.CallMsg.To }
-func (m callMsg) GasPrice() *big.Int           { return m.CallMsg.GasPrice }
-func (m callMsg) GasFeeCap() *big.Int          { return m.CallMsg.GasFeeCap }
-func (m callMsg) GasTipCap() *big.Int          { return m.CallMsg.GasTipCap }
-func (m callMsg) Gas() uint64                  { return m.CallMsg.Gas }
-func (m callMsg) Value() *big.Int              { return m.CallMsg.Value }
-func (m callMsg) Data() []byte                 { return m.CallMsg.Data }
-func (m callMsg) AccessList() types.AccessList { return m.CallMsg.AccessList }
-
 // filterBackend implements filters.Backend to support filtering for logs without
 // taking bloom-bits acceleration structures into account.
 type filterBackend struct {
--- a/cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool/execution.go
+++ b/cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool/execution.go
@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ func (pre *Prestate) Apply(vmConfig vm.Config, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig,
 	}

 	for i, tx := range txs {
-		msg, err := tx.AsMessage(signer, pre.Env.BaseFee)
+		msg, err := core.TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, pre.Env.BaseFee)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Warn("rejected tx", "index", i, "hash", tx.Hash(), "error", err)
 			rejectedTxs = append(rejectedTxs, &rejectedTx{i, err.Error()})
@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ func (pre *Prestate) Apply(vmConfig vm.Config, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig,
 		msgResult, err := core.ApplyMessage(evm, msg, gaspool)
 		if err != nil {
 			statedb.RevertToSnapshot(snapshot)
-			log.Info("rejected tx", "index", i, "hash", tx.Hash(), "from", msg.From(), "error", err)
+			log.Info("rejected tx", "index", i, "hash", tx.Hash(), "from", msg.From, "error", err)
 			rejectedTxs = append(rejectedTxs, &rejectedTx{i, err.Error()})
 			gaspool.SetGas(prevGas)
 			continue
@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ func (pre *Prestate) Apply(vmConfig vm.Config, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig,
 			receipt.GasUsed = msgResult.UsedGas

 			// If the transaction created a contract, store the creation address in the receipt.
-			if msg.To() == nil {
+			if msg.To == nil {
 				receipt.ContractAddress = crypto.CreateAddress(evm.TxContext.Origin, tx.Nonce())
 			}

--- a/cmd/evm/testdata/10/readme.md
+++ b/cmd/evm/testdata/10/readme.md
@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Output:
  "result": {
    "stateRoot": "0xf91a7ec08e4bfea88719aab34deabb000c86902360532b52afa9599d41f2bb8b",
    "txRoot": "0xda925f2306a52fa24c15d5cd212d736ee016415fd8dd0c45fd368de7917d64bb",
-  "receiptRoot": "0x439a25f7fc424c10fb1f89800e4aa1df74156b137239d9ac3eaa7c911c353cd5",
+    "receiptsRoot": "0x439a25f7fc424c10fb1f89800e4aa1df74156b137239d9ac3eaa7c911c353cd5",
    "logsHash": "0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347",
    "logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
    "receipts": [
@ -72,8 +72,14 @@ Output:
      }
    ],
    "rejected": [
-   3
-  ]
+      {
+        "index": 3,
+        "error": "gas limit reached"
+      }
+    ],
+    "currentDifficulty": "0x20000",
+    "gasUsed": "0x30000001",
+    "currentBaseFee": "0x36b"
  }
 }
 ```
--- a/cmd/evm/testdata/12/readme.md
+++ b/cmd/evm/testdata/12/readme.md
@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ dir=./testdata/12 && ./evm t8n --state.fork=London --input.alloc=$dir/alloc.json
 With the fix applied, the result is: 
 ```
 dir=./testdata/12 && ./evm t8n --state.fork=London --input.alloc=$dir/alloc.json --input.txs=$dir/txs.json --input.env=$dir/env.json --output.alloc=stdout --output.result=stdout
-INFO [07-21|19:03:50.276] rejected tx                              index=0 hash=ccc996..d83435 from=0xa94f5374Fce5edBC8E2a8697C15331677e6EbF0B error="insufficient funds for gas * price + value: address 0xa94f5374Fce5edBC8E2a8697C15331677e6EbF0B have 84000000 want 84000032"
-INFO [07-21|19:03:50.276] Trie dumping started                     root=e05f81..6597a5
-INFO [07-21|19:03:50.276] Trie dumping complete                    accounts=1 elapsed="39.549µs"
+INFO [03-09|10:43:12.649] rejected tx                              index=0 hash=ccc996..d83435 from=0xa94f5374Fce5edBC8E2a8697C15331677e6EbF0B error="insufficient funds for gas * price + value: address 0xa94f5374Fce5edBC8E2a8697C15331677e6EbF0B have 84000000 want 84000032"
+INFO [03-09|10:43:12.650] Trie dumping started                     root=e05f81..6597a5
+INFO [03-09|10:43:12.650] Trie dumping complete                    accounts=1 elapsed="46.393µs"
 {
  "alloc": {
    "0xa94f5374fce5edbc8e2a8697c15331677e6ebf0b": {
@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ INFO [07-21|19:03:50.276] Trie dumping complete                    accounts=1 el
  "result": {
    "stateRoot": "0xe05f81f8244a76503ceec6f88abfcd03047a612a1001217f37d30984536597a5",
    "txRoot": "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421",
-  "receiptRoot": "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421",
+    "receiptsRoot": "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421",
    "logsHash": "0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347",
    "logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
    "receipts": [],
@ -32,7 +32,10 @@ INFO [07-21|19:03:50.276] Trie dumping complete                    accounts=1 el
        "index": 0,
        "error": "insufficient funds for gas * price + value: address 0xa94f5374Fce5edBC8E2a8697C15331677e6EbF0B have 84000000 want 84000032"
      }
-  ]
+    ],
+    "currentDifficulty": "0x20000",
+    "gasUsed": "0x0",
+    "currentBaseFee": "0x20"
  }
 }
 ```
--- a/cmd/evm/testdata/14/readme.md
+++ b/cmd/evm/testdata/14/readme.md
@ -5,36 +5,40 @@ This test shows how the `evm t8n` can be used to calculate the (ethash) difficul
 Calculating it (with an empty set of txs) using `London` rules (and no provided unclehash for the parent block):
 ```
 [user@work evm]$ ./evm t8n --input.alloc=./testdata/14/alloc.json --input.txs=./testdata/14/txs.json --input.env=./testdata/14/env.json --output.result=stdout --state.fork=London
-INFO [08-30|20:43:09.352] Trie dumping started                     root=6f0588..7f4bdc
-INFO [08-30|20:43:09.352] Trie dumping complete                    accounts=2 elapsed="82.533µs"
-INFO [08-30|20:43:09.352] Wrote file                               file=alloc.json
+INFO [03-09|10:43:57.070] Trie dumping started                     root=6f0588..7f4bdc
+INFO [03-09|10:43:57.070] Trie dumping complete                    accounts=2 elapsed="214.663µs"
+INFO [03-09|10:43:57.071] Wrote file                               file=alloc.json
 {
  "result": {
    "stateRoot": "0x6f058887ca01549716789c380ede95aecc510e6d1fdc4dbf67d053c7c07f4bdc",
    "txRoot": "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421",
-    "receiptRoot": "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421",
+    "receiptsRoot": "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421",
    "logsHash": "0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347",
    "logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
    "receipts": [],
-    "currentDifficulty": "0x2000020000000"
+    "currentDifficulty": "0x2000020000000",
+    "gasUsed": "0x0",
+    "currentBaseFee": "0x500"
  }
 }
 ```
 Same thing, but this time providing a non-empty (and non-`emptyKeccak`) unclehash, which leads to a slightly different result:
 ```
 [user@work evm]$ ./evm t8n --input.alloc=./testdata/14/alloc.json --input.txs=./testdata/14/txs.json --input.env=./testdata/14/env.uncles.json --output.result=stdout --state.fork=London
-INFO [08-30|20:44:33.102] Trie dumping started                     root=6f0588..7f4bdc
-INFO [08-30|20:44:33.102] Trie dumping complete                    accounts=2 elapsed="72.91µs"
-INFO [08-30|20:44:33.102] Wrote file                               file=alloc.json
+INFO [03-09|10:44:20.511] Trie dumping started                     root=6f0588..7f4bdc
+INFO [03-09|10:44:20.511] Trie dumping complete                    accounts=2 elapsed="184.319µs"
+INFO [03-09|10:44:20.512] Wrote file                               file=alloc.json
 {
  "result": {
    "stateRoot": "0x6f058887ca01549716789c380ede95aecc510e6d1fdc4dbf67d053c7c07f4bdc",
    "txRoot": "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421",
-    "receiptRoot": "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421",
+    "receiptsRoot": "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421",
    "logsHash": "0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347",
    "logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
    "receipts": [],
-    "currentDifficulty": "0x1ff8020000000"
+    "currentDifficulty": "0x1ff8020000000",
+    "gasUsed": "0x0",
+    "currentBaseFee": "0x500"
  }
 }
 ```
--- a/cmd/evm/testdata/19/readme.md
+++ b/cmd/evm/testdata/19/readme.md
@ -6,4 +6,20 @@ this time on `GrayGlacier` (Eip 5133).
 Calculating it (with an empty set of txs) using `GrayGlacier` rules (and no provided unclehash for the parent block):
 ```
 [user@work evm]$ ./evm t8n --input.alloc=./testdata/19/alloc.json --input.txs=./testdata/19/txs.json --input.env=./testdata/19/env.json --output.result=stdout --state.fork=GrayGlacier
+INFO [03-09|10:45:26.777] Trie dumping started                     root=6f0588..7f4bdc
+INFO [03-09|10:45:26.777] Trie dumping complete                    accounts=2 elapsed="176.471µs"
+INFO [03-09|10:45:26.777] Wrote file                               file=alloc.json
+{
+  "result": {
+    "stateRoot": "0x6f058887ca01549716789c380ede95aecc510e6d1fdc4dbf67d053c7c07f4bdc",
+    "txRoot": "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421",
+    "receiptsRoot": "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421",
+    "logsHash": "0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347",
+    "logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+    "receipts": [],
+    "currentDifficulty": "0x2000000004000",
+    "gasUsed": "0x0",
+    "currentBaseFee": "0x500"
+  }
+}
 ```
--- a/cmd/evm/testdata/7/readme.md
+++ b/cmd/evm/testdata/7/readme.md
@ -3,5 +3,373 @@ DAO-transition works

 Example: 
 ```
-./statet8n --input.alloc=./testdata/7/alloc.json  --input.txs=./testdata/7/txs.json --input.env=./testdata/7/env.json --output.alloc=stdout --state.fork=HomesteadToDaoAt5
+ ./evm t8n --input.alloc=./testdata/7/alloc.json  --input.txs=./testdata/7/txs.json --input.env=./testdata/7/env.json --output.alloc=stdout --state.fork=HomesteadToDaoAt5
+INFO [03-09|10:47:37.255] Trie dumping started                     root=157847..2891b7
+INFO [03-09|10:47:37.256] Trie dumping complete                    accounts=120 elapsed="715.635µs"
+INFO [03-09|10:47:37.256] Wrote file                               file=result.json
+{
+  "alloc": {
+    "0x005f5cee7a43331d5a3d3eec71305925a62f34b6": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x0101f3be8ebb4bbd39a2e3b9a3639d4259832fd9": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x057b56736d32b86616a10f619859c6cd6f59092a": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x06706dd3f2c9abf0a21ddcc6941d9b86f0596936": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x0737a6b837f97f46ebade41b9bc3e1c509c85c53": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x07f5c1e1bc2c93e0402f23341973a0e043f7bf8a": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x0e0da70933f4c7849fc0d203f5d1d43b9ae4532d": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x0ff30d6de14a8224aa97b78aea5388d1c51c1f00": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x12e626b0eebfe86a56d633b9864e389b45dcb260": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x1591fc0f688c81fbeb17f5426a162a7024d430c2": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x17802f43a0137c506ba92291391a8a8f207f487d": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x1975bd06d486162d5dc297798dfc41edd5d160a7": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x1ca6abd14d30affe533b24d7a21bff4c2d5e1f3b": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x1cba23d343a983e9b5cfd19496b9a9701ada385f": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x200450f06520bdd6c527622a273333384d870efb": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x21c7fdb9ed8d291d79ffd82eb2c4356ec0d81241": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x23b75c2f6791eef49c69684db4c6c1f93bf49a50": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x24c4d950dfd4dd1902bbed3508144a54542bba94": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x253488078a4edf4d6f42f113d1e62836a942cf1a": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x27b137a85656544b1ccb5a0f2e561a5703c6a68f": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x2a5ed960395e2a49b1c758cef4aa15213cfd874c": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x2b3455ec7fedf16e646268bf88846bd7a2319bb2": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x2c19c7f9ae8b751e37aeb2d93a699722395ae18f": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x304a554a310c7e546dfe434669c62820b7d83490": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x319f70bab6845585f412ec7724b744fec6095c85": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x35a051a0010aba705c9008d7a7eff6fb88f6ea7b": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x3ba4d81db016dc2890c81f3acec2454bff5aada5": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x3c02a7bc0391e86d91b7d144e61c2c01a25a79c5": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x40b803a9abce16f50f36a77ba41180eb90023925": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x440c59b325d2997a134c2c7c60a8c61611212bad": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x4486a3d68fac6967006d7a517b889fd3f98c102b": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x4613f3bca5c44ea06337a9e439fbc6d42e501d0a": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x47e7aa56d6bdf3f36be34619660de61275420af8": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x4863226780fe7c0356454236d3b1c8792785748d": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x492ea3bb0f3315521c31f273e565b868fc090f17": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x4cb31628079fb14e4bc3cd5e30c2f7489b00960c": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x4deb0033bb26bc534b197e61d19e0733e5679784": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x4fa802324e929786dbda3b8820dc7834e9134a2a": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x4fd6ace747f06ece9c49699c7cabc62d02211f75": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x51e0ddd9998364a2eb38588679f0d2c42653e4a6": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x52c5317c848ba20c7504cb2c8052abd1fde29d03": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x542a9515200d14b68e934e9830d91645a980dd7a": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x5524c55fb03cf21f549444ccbecb664d0acad706": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x579a80d909f346fbfb1189493f521d7f48d52238": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x58b95c9a9d5d26825e70a82b6adb139d3fd829eb": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x5c6e67ccd5849c0d29219c4f95f1a7a93b3f5dc5": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x5c8536898fbb74fc7445814902fd08422eac56d0": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x5d2b2e6fcbe3b11d26b525e085ff818dae332479": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x5dc28b15dffed94048d73806ce4b7a4612a1d48f": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x5f9f3392e9f62f63b8eac0beb55541fc8627f42c": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x6131c42fa982e56929107413a9d526fd99405560": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x6231b6d0d5e77fe001c2a460bd9584fee60d409b": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x627a0a960c079c21c34f7612d5d230e01b4ad4c7": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x63ed5a272de2f6d968408b4acb9024f4cc208ebf": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x6966ab0d485353095148a2155858910e0965b6f9": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x6b0c4d41ba9ab8d8cfb5d379c69a612f2ced8ecb": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x6d87578288b6cb5549d5076a207456a1f6a63dc0": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x6f6704e5a10332af6672e50b3d9754dc460dfa4d": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x7602b46df5390e432ef1c307d4f2c9ff6d65cc97": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x779543a0491a837ca36ce8c635d6154e3c4911a6": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x77ca7b50b6cd7e2f3fa008e24ab793fd56cb15f6": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x782495b7b3355efb2833d56ecb34dc22ad7dfcc4": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x807640a13483f8ac783c557fcdf27be11ea4ac7a": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x8163e7fb499e90f8544ea62bbf80d21cd26d9efd": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x84ef4b2357079cd7a7c69fd7a37cd0609a679106": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x86af3e9626fce1957c82e88cbf04ddf3a2ed7915": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x8a8eafb1cf62bfbeb1741769dae1a9dd47996192": {
+      "balance": "0xfeedbead"
+    },
+    "0x8d9edb3054ce5c5774a420ac37ebae0ac02343c6": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x914d1b8b43e92723e64fd0a06f5bdb8dd9b10c79": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x97f43a37f595ab5dd318fb46e7a155eae057317a": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x9aa008f65de0b923a2a4f02012ad034a5e2e2192": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x9c15b54878ba618f494b38f0ae7443db6af648ba": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x9c50426be05db97f5d64fc54bf89eff947f0a321": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x9da397b9e80755301a3b32173283a91c0ef6c87e": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x9ea779f907f0b315b364b0cfc39a0fde5b02a416": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x9f27daea7aca0aa0446220b98d028715e3bc803d": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0x9fcd2deaff372a39cc679d5c5e4de7bafb0b1339": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xa2f1ccba9395d7fcb155bba8bc92db9bafaeade7": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xa3acf3a1e16b1d7c315e23510fdd7847b48234f6": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xa5dc5acd6a7968a4554d89d65e59b7fd3bff0f90": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xa82f360a8d3455c5c41366975bde739c37bfeb8a": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xa94f5374fce5edbc8e2a8697c15331677e6ebf0b": {
+      "balance": "0x5ffd4878be161d74",
+      "nonce": "0xac"
+    },
+    "0xac1ecab32727358dba8962a0f3b261731aad9723": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xaccc230e8a6e5be9160b8cdf2864dd2a001c28b6": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xacd87e28b0c9d1254e868b81cba4cc20d9a32225": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xadf80daec7ba8dcf15392f1ac611fff65d94f880": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xaeeb8ff27288bdabc0fa5ebb731b6f409507516c": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xb136707642a4ea12fb4bae820f03d2562ebff487": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xb2c6f0dfbb716ac562e2d85d6cb2f8d5ee87603e": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xb3fb0e5aba0e20e5c49d252dfd30e102b171a425": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xb52042c8ca3f8aa246fa79c3feaa3d959347c0ab": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xb9637156d330c0d605a791f1c31ba5890582fe1c": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xbb9bc244d798123fde783fcc1c72d3bb8c189413": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xbc07118b9ac290e4622f5e77a0853539789effbe": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xbcf899e6c7d9d5a215ab1e3444c86806fa854c76": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xbe8539bfe837b67d1282b2b1d61c3f723966f049": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xbf4ed7b27f1d666546e30d74d50d173d20bca754": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xc4bbd073882dd2add2424cf47d35213405b01324": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xc94f5374fce5edbc8e2a8697c15331677e6ebf0b": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xca544e5c4687d109611d0f8f928b53a25af72448": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xcbb9d3703e651b0d496cdefb8b92c25aeb2171f7": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xcc34673c6c40e791051898567a1222daf90be287": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xceaeb481747ca6c540a000c1f3641f8cef161fa7": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xd131637d5275fd1a68a3200f4ad25c71a2a9522e": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xd164b088bd9108b60d0ca3751da4bceb207b0782": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xd1ac8b1ef1b69ff51d1d401a476e7e612414f091": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xd343b217de44030afaa275f54d31a9317c7f441e": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xd4fe7bc31cedb7bfb8a345f31e668033056b2728": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xd9aef3a1e38a39c16b31d1ace71bca8ef58d315b": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xda2fef9e4a3230988ff17df2165440f37e8b1708": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xdbe9b615a3ae8709af8b93336ce9b477e4ac0940": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xe308bd1ac5fda103967359b2712dd89deffb7973": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xe4ae1efdfc53b73893af49113d8694a057b9c0d1": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xec8e57756626fdc07c63ad2eafbd28d08e7b0ca5": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xecd135fa4f61a655311e86238c92adcd779555d2": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xf0b1aa0eb660754448a7937c022e30aa692fe0c5": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xf1385fb24aad0cd7432824085e42aff90886fef5": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xf14c14075d6c4ed84b86798af0956deef67365b5": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xf4c64518ea10f995918a454158c6b61407ea345c": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    },
+    "0xfe24cdd8648121a43a7c86d289be4dd2951ed49f": {
+      "balance": "0x0"
+    }
+  }
+}
 ```
--- a/cmd/evm/testdata/8/readme.md
+++ b/cmd/evm/testdata/8/readme.md
@ -23,41 +23,37 @@ There are three transactions, each invokes the contract above.

 Running it yields: 
 ```
-dir=./testdata/8 && ./evm t8n --state.fork=Berlin --input.alloc=$dir/alloc.json --input.txs=$dir/txs.json --input.env=$dir/env.json --trace && cat trace-* | grep SLOAD
-{"pc":1,"op":84,"gas":"0x484be","gasCost":"0x834","memory":"0x","memSize":0,"stack":["0x0"],"returnStack":[],"returnData":"0x","depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD","error":""}
-{"pc":4,"op":84,"gas":"0x47c86","gasCost":"0x834","memory":"0x","memSize":0,"stack":["0x3"],"returnStack":[],"returnData":"0x","depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD","error":""}
-{"pc":1,"op":84,"gas":"0x49cf6","gasCost":"0x834","memory":"0x","memSize":0,"stack":["0x0"],"returnStack":[],"returnData":"0x","depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD","error":""}
-{"pc":4,"op":84,"gas":"0x494be","gasCost":"0x834","memory":"0x","memSize":0,"stack":["0x3"],"returnStack":[],"returnData":"0x","depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD","error":""}
-{"pc":1,"op":84,"gas":"0x484be","gasCost":"0x64","memory":"0x","memSize":0,"stack":["0x0"],"returnStack":[],"returnData":"0x","depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD","error":""}
-{"pc":4,"op":84,"gas":"0x48456","gasCost":"0x64","memory":"0x","memSize":0,"stack":["0x3"],"returnStack":[],"returnData":"0x","depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD","error":""}
-
+dir=./testdata/8 && ./evm t8n --state.fork=Berlin --input.alloc=$dir/alloc.json --input.txs=$dir/txs.json --input.env=$dir/env.json --trace 2>/dev/null && cat trace-* | grep SLOAD
+{"pc":1,"op":84,"gas":"0x484be","gasCost":"0x834","memSize":0,"stack":["0x0"],"depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD"}
+{"pc":4,"op":84,"gas":"0x47c86","gasCost":"0x834","memSize":0,"stack":["0x3"],"depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD"}
+{"pc":1,"op":84,"gas":"0x49cf6","gasCost":"0x834","memSize":0,"stack":["0x0"],"depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD"}
+{"pc":4,"op":84,"gas":"0x494be","gasCost":"0x834","memSize":0,"stack":["0x3"],"depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD"}
+{"pc":1,"op":84,"gas":"0x484be","gasCost":"0x64","memSize":0,"stack":["0x0"],"depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD"}
+{"pc":4,"op":84,"gas":"0x48456","gasCost":"0x64","memSize":0,"stack":["0x3"],"depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD"}
 ```

 Simlarly, we can provide the input transactions via `stdin` instead of as file: 

 ```
-dir=./testdata/8 \
+$ dir=./testdata/8 \
  && cat $dir/txs.json | jq "{txs: .}" \
  | ./evm t8n --state.fork=Berlin \
     --input.alloc=$dir/alloc.json \
     --input.txs=stdin \
     --input.env=$dir/env.json \
     --trace  \
+     2>/dev/null \
  && cat trace-* | grep SLOAD
-
-{"pc":1,"op":84,"gas":"0x484be","gasCost":"0x834","memory":"0x","memSize":0,"stack":["0x0"],"returnStack":[],"returnData":"0x","depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD","error":""}
-{"pc":4,"op":84,"gas":"0x47c86","gasCost":"0x834","memory":"0x","memSize":0,"stack":["0x3"],"returnStack":[],"returnData":"0x","depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD","error":""}
-{"pc":1,"op":84,"gas":"0x49cf6","gasCost":"0x834","memory":"0x","memSize":0,"stack":["0x0"],"returnStack":[],"returnData":"0x","depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD","error":""}
-{"pc":4,"op":84,"gas":"0x494be","gasCost":"0x834","memory":"0x","memSize":0,"stack":["0x3"],"returnStack":[],"returnData":"0x","depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD","error":""}
-{"pc":1,"op":84,"gas":"0x484be","gasCost":"0x64","memory":"0x","memSize":0,"stack":["0x0"],"returnStack":[],"returnData":"0x","depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD","error":""}
-{"pc":4,"op":84,"gas":"0x48456","gasCost":"0x64","memory":"0x","memSize":0,"stack":["0x3"],"returnStack":[],"returnData":"0x","depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD","error":""}
+{"pc":1,"op":84,"gas":"0x484be","gasCost":"0x834","memSize":0,"stack":["0x0"],"depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD"}
+{"pc":4,"op":84,"gas":"0x47c86","gasCost":"0x834","memSize":0,"stack":["0x3"],"depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD"}
+{"pc":1,"op":84,"gas":"0x49cf6","gasCost":"0x834","memSize":0,"stack":["0x0"],"depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD"}
+{"pc":4,"op":84,"gas":"0x494be","gasCost":"0x834","memSize":0,"stack":["0x3"],"depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD"}
+{"pc":1,"op":84,"gas":"0x484be","gasCost":"0x64","memSize":0,"stack":["0x0"],"depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD"}
+{"pc":4,"op":84,"gas":"0x48456","gasCost":"0x64","memSize":0,"stack":["0x3"],"depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD"}
 ```

 If we try to execute it on older rules: 
 ```
-dir=./testdata/8 && ./evm t8n --state.fork=Istanbul --input.alloc=$dir/alloc.json --input.txs=$dir/txs.json --input.env=$dir/env.json 
-INFO [01-21|23:21:51.265] rejected tx                              index=0 hash=d2818d..6ab3da error="tx type not supported"
-INFO [01-21|23:21:51.265] rejected tx                              index=1 hash=26ea00..81c01b from=0xa94f5374Fce5edBC8E2a8697C15331677e6EbF0B error="nonce too high: address 0xa94f5374Fce5edBC8E2a8697C15331677e6EbF0B, tx: 1 state: 0"
-INFO [01-21|23:21:51.265] rejected tx                              index=2 hash=698d01..369cee error="tx type not supported"
+$ dir=./testdata/8 && ./evm t8n --state.fork=Istanbul --input.alloc=$dir/alloc.json --input.txs=$dir/txs.json --input.env=$dir/env.json 
+ERROR(10): failed signing transactions: ERROR(10): tx 0: failed to sign tx: transaction type not supported
 ```
-Number `1` and `3` are not applicable, and therefore number `2` has wrong nonce. 
--- a/cmd/evm/testdata/9/readme.md
+++ b/cmd/evm/testdata/9/readme.md
@ -22,20 +22,22 @@ There are two transactions, each invokes the contract above.

 Running it yields: 
 ```
-$ dir=./testdata/9 && ./evm t8n --state.fork=London --input.alloc=$dir/alloc.json --input.txs=$dir/txs.json --input.env=$dir/env.json --trace && cat trace-* | grep SLOAD
-{"pc":2,"op":84,"gas":"0x48c28","gasCost":"0x834","memory":"0x","memSize":0,"stack":["0x0","0x1"],"returnStack":null,"returnD
-ata":"0x","depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD","error":""}
-{"pc":3,"op":84,"gas":"0x483f4","gasCost":"0x64","memory":"0x","memSize":0,"stack":["0x0","0x0"],"returnStack":null,"returnDa
-ta":"0x","depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD","error":""}
-{"pc":2,"op":84,"gas":"0x49cf4","gasCost":"0x834","memory":"0x","memSize":0,"stack":["0x0","0x1"],"returnStack":null,"returnD
-ata":"0x","depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD","error":""}
-{"pc":3,"op":84,"gas":"0x494c0","gasCost":"0x834","memory":"0x","memSize":0,"stack":["0x0","0x0"],"returnStack":null,"returnD
-ata":"0x","depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD","error":""}
+$ dir=./testdata/9 && ./evm t8n --state.fork=London --input.alloc=$dir/alloc.json --input.txs=$dir/txs.json --input.env=$dir/env.json --trace 2>/dev/null  && cat trace-*  | grep SLOAD
+{"pc":1,"op":84,"gas":"0x484be","gasCost":"0x834","memSize":0,"stack":["0x0"],"depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD"}
+{"pc":4,"op":84,"gas":"0x47c86","gasCost":"0x834","memSize":0,"stack":["0x3"],"depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD"}
+{"pc":2,"op":84,"gas":"0x48c28","gasCost":"0x834","memSize":0,"stack":["0x0","0x1"],"depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD"}
+{"pc":3,"op":84,"gas":"0x483f4","gasCost":"0x64","memSize":0,"stack":["0x0","0x0"],"depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD"}
+{"pc":1,"op":84,"gas":"0x49cf6","gasCost":"0x834","memSize":0,"stack":["0x0"],"depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD"}
+{"pc":4,"op":84,"gas":"0x494be","gasCost":"0x834","memSize":0,"stack":["0x3"],"depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD"}
+{"pc":2,"op":84,"gas":"0x49cf4","gasCost":"0x834","memSize":0,"stack":["0x0","0x1"],"depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD"}
+{"pc":3,"op":84,"gas":"0x494c0","gasCost":"0x834","memSize":0,"stack":["0x0","0x0"],"depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD"}
+{"pc":1,"op":84,"gas":"0x484be","gasCost":"0x64","memSize":0,"stack":["0x0"],"depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD"}
+{"pc":4,"op":84,"gas":"0x48456","gasCost":"0x64","memSize":0,"stack":["0x3"],"depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SLOAD"}
 ```

 We can also get the post-alloc:
 ```
-$ dir=./testdata/9 && ./evm t8n --state.fork=London --input.alloc=$dir/alloc.json --input.txs=$dir/txs.json --input.env=$dir/env.json --output.alloc=stdout
+$ dir=./testdata/9 && ./evm t8n --state.fork=London --input.alloc=$dir/alloc.json --input.txs=$dir/txs.json --input.env=$dir/env.json --output.alloc=stdout 2>/dev/null
 {
  "alloc": {
    "0x000000000000000000000000000000000000aaaa": {
@ -65,10 +67,12 @@ by feeding it presigned transactions, located in `txs_signed.json`.

 ```
 dir=./testdata/9 && ./evm t8n --state.fork=Berlin --input.alloc=$dir/alloc.json --input.txs=$dir/txs_signed.json --input.env=$dir/env.json 
-INFO [05-07|12:28:42.072] rejected tx                              index=0 hash=b4821e..536819 error="transaction type not supported"
-INFO [05-07|12:28:42.072] rejected tx                              index=1 hash=a9c6c6..fa4036 from=0xa94f5374Fce5edBC8E2a8697C15331677e6EbF0B error="nonce too high: address 0xa94f5374Fce5edBC8E2a8697C15331677e6EbF0B, tx: 1 state: 0"
-INFO [05-07|12:28:42.073] Wrote file                               file=alloc.json
-INFO [05-07|12:28:42.073] Wrote file                               file=result.json
+WARN [03-09|11:06:22.065] rejected tx                              index=0 hash=334e09..f8dce5 error="transaction type not supported"
+INFO [03-09|11:06:22.066] rejected tx                              index=1 hash=a9c6c6..fa4036 from=0xa94f5374Fce5edBC8E2a8697C15331677e6EbF0B error="nonce too high: address 0xa94f5374Fce5edBC8E2a8697C15331677e6EbF0B, tx: 1 state: 0"
+INFO [03-09|11:06:22.066] Trie dumping started                     root=6eebe9..a0fda5
+INFO [03-09|11:06:22.066] Trie dumping complete                    accounts=2 elapsed="55.844µs"
+INFO [03-09|11:06:22.066] Wrote file                               file=alloc.json
+INFO [03-09|11:06:22.066] Wrote file                               file=result.json
 ```

 Number `0` is not applicable, and therefore number `1` has wrong nonce, and both are rejected.
--- a/cmd/evm/testdata/9/txs_signed.json
+++ b/cmd/evm/testdata/9/txs_signed.json
@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+[
+  {
+    "gas": "0x4ef00",
+    "maxFeePerGas": "0x2",
+    "maxPriorityFeePerGas": "0x12A05F200",
+    "chainId": "0x1",
+    "input": "0x",
+    "nonce": "0x0",
+    "to": "0x000000000000000000000000000000000000aaaa",
+    "value": "0x0",
+    "type" : "0x2",
+    "accessList": [
+      {"address": "0x000000000000000000000000000000000000aaaa",
+        "storageKeys": [
+          "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "v": "0x1",
+    "r": "0xd77c8ff989789b5d9d99254cbae2e2996dc7e6215cba4d55254c14e6d6b9f314",
+    "s": "0x5cc021481e7e6bb444bbb87ab32071e8fd0a8d1e125c7bb352d2879bd7ff5c0a",
+    "secretKey": "0x45a915e4d060149eb4365960e6a7a45f334393093061116b197e3240065ff2d8"
+  },
+  {
+    "gas": "0x4ef00",
+    "gasPrice": "0x12A05F200",
+    "chainId": "0x1",
+    "input": "0x",
+    "nonce": "0x1",
+    "to": "0x000000000000000000000000000000000000aaaa",
+    "value": "0x0",
+    "v": "0x25",
+    "r": "0xbee5ec9f6650020266bf3455a852eece2b073a2fa918c4d1836a1af69c2aa50c",
+    "s": "0x556c897a58dbc007a6b09814e1fba7502adb76effd2146da4365816926f387ce",
+    "secretKey": "0x45a915e4d060149eb4365960e6a7a45f334393093061116b197e3240065ff2d8"
+  }
+]
--- a/cmd/geth/dbcmd.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/dbcmd.go
@ -694,41 +694,19 @@ func showMetaData(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error accessing ancients: %v", err)
 	}
-	pp := func(val *uint64) string {
-		if val == nil {
-			return "<nil>"
-		}
-		return fmt.Sprintf("%d (%#x)", *val, *val)
-	}
-	data := [][]string{
-		{"databaseVersion", pp(rawdb.ReadDatabaseVersion(db))},
-		{"headBlockHash", fmt.Sprintf("%v", rawdb.ReadHeadBlockHash(db))},
-		{"headFastBlockHash", fmt.Sprintf("%v", rawdb.ReadHeadFastBlockHash(db))},
-		{"headHeaderHash", fmt.Sprintf("%v", rawdb.ReadHeadHeaderHash(db))}}
+	data := rawdb.ReadChainMetadata(db)
+	data = append(data, []string{"frozen", fmt.Sprintf("%d items", ancients)})
+	data = append(data, []string{"snapshotGenerator", snapshot.ParseGeneratorStatus(rawdb.ReadSnapshotGenerator(db))})
 	if b := rawdb.ReadHeadBlock(db); b != nil {
 		data = append(data, []string{"headBlock.Hash", fmt.Sprintf("%v", b.Hash())})
 		data = append(data, []string{"headBlock.Root", fmt.Sprintf("%v", b.Root())})
 		data = append(data, []string{"headBlock.Number", fmt.Sprintf("%d (%#x)", b.Number(), b.Number())})
 	}
-	if b := rawdb.ReadSkeletonSyncStatus(db); b != nil {
-		data = append(data, []string{"SkeletonSyncStatus", string(b)})
-	}
 	if h := rawdb.ReadHeadHeader(db); h != nil {
 		data = append(data, []string{"headHeader.Hash", fmt.Sprintf("%v", h.Hash())})
 		data = append(data, []string{"headHeader.Root", fmt.Sprintf("%v", h.Root)})
 		data = append(data, []string{"headHeader.Number", fmt.Sprintf("%d (%#x)", h.Number, h.Number)})
 	}
-	data = append(data, [][]string{{"frozen", fmt.Sprintf("%d items", ancients)},
-		{"lastPivotNumber", pp(rawdb.ReadLastPivotNumber(db))},
-		{"len(snapshotSyncStatus)", fmt.Sprintf("%d bytes", len(rawdb.ReadSnapshotSyncStatus(db)))},
-		{"snapshotGenerator", snapshot.ParseGeneratorStatus(rawdb.ReadSnapshotGenerator(db))},
-		{"snapshotDisabled", fmt.Sprintf("%v", rawdb.ReadSnapshotDisabled(db))},
-		{"snapshotJournal", fmt.Sprintf("%d bytes", len(rawdb.ReadSnapshotJournal(db)))},
-		{"snapshotRecoveryNumber", pp(rawdb.ReadSnapshotRecoveryNumber(db))},
-		{"snapshotRoot", fmt.Sprintf("%v", rawdb.ReadSnapshotRoot(db))},
-		{"txIndexTail", pp(rawdb.ReadTxIndexTail(db))},
-		{"fastTxLookupLimit", pp(rawdb.ReadFastTxLookupLimit(db))},
-	}...)
 	table := tablewriter.NewWriter(os.Stdout)
 	table.SetHeader([]string{"Field", "Value"})
 	table.AppendBulk(data)
--- a/common/math/modexp_test.go
+++ b/common/math/modexp_test.go
--- a/core/chain_makers.go
+++ b/core/chain_makers.go
@ -156,6 +156,11 @@ func (b *BlockGen) Number() *big.Int {
 	return new(big.Int).Set(b.header.Number)
 }

+// Timestamp returns the timestamp of the block being generated.
+func (b *BlockGen) Timestamp() uint64 {
+	return b.header.Time
+}
+
 // BaseFee returns the EIP-1559 base fee of the block being generated.
 func (b *BlockGen) BaseFee() *big.Int {
 	return new(big.Int).Set(b.header.BaseFee)
--- a/core/evm.go
+++ b/core/evm.go
@ -70,10 +70,10 @@ func NewEVMBlockContext(header *types.Header, chain ChainContext, author *common
 }

 // NewEVMTxContext creates a new transaction context for a single transaction.
-func NewEVMTxContext(msg Message) vm.TxContext {
+func NewEVMTxContext(msg *Message) vm.TxContext {
 	return vm.TxContext{
-		Origin:   msg.From(),
-		GasPrice: new(big.Int).Set(msg.GasPrice()),
+		Origin:   msg.From,
+		GasPrice: new(big.Int).Set(msg.GasPrice),
 	}
 }

--- a/core/forkid/forkid_test.go
+++ b/core/forkid/forkid_test.go
@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ func TestValidation(t *testing.T) {

 		// Local is mainnet Gray Glacier, and isn't aware of more forks. Remote announces Gray Glacier +
 		// 0xffffffff. Local needs software update, reject.
-		{&timestampedConfig, 15050000, 0, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(checksumUpdate(0xf0afd0e3, math.MaxUint64)), Next: 0}, ErrLocalIncompatibleOrStale},
+		{params.MainnetChainConfig, 15050000, 0, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(checksumUpdate(0xf0afd0e3, math.MaxUint64)), Next: 0}, ErrLocalIncompatibleOrStale},

 		// Local is mainnet Gray Glacier, and is aware of Shanghai. Remote announces Shanghai +
 		// 0xffffffff. Local needs software update, reject.
--- a/core/rawdb/database.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/database.go
@ -202,6 +202,7 @@ func NewDatabaseWithFreezer(db ethdb.KeyValueStore, ancient string, namespace st
 	// Create the idle freezer instance
 	frdb, err := newChainFreezer(resolveChainFreezerDir(ancient), namespace, readonly)
 	if err != nil {
+		printChainMetadata(db)
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	// Since the freezer can be stored separately from the user's key-value database,
@ -234,8 +235,10 @@ func NewDatabaseWithFreezer(db ethdb.KeyValueStore, ancient string, namespace st
 			// the freezer and the key-value store.
 			frgenesis, err := frdb.Ancient(ChainFreezerHashTable, 0)
 			if err != nil {
+				printChainMetadata(db)
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to retrieve genesis from ancient %v", err)
 			} else if !bytes.Equal(kvgenesis, frgenesis) {
+				printChainMetadata(db)
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("genesis mismatch: %#x (leveldb) != %#x (ancients)", kvgenesis, frgenesis)
 			}
 			// Key-value store and freezer belong to the same network. Ensure that they
@ -243,8 +246,19 @@ func NewDatabaseWithFreezer(db ethdb.KeyValueStore, ancient string, namespace st
 			if kvhash, _ := db.Get(headerHashKey(frozen)); len(kvhash) == 0 {
 				// Subsequent header after the freezer limit is missing from the database.
 				// Reject startup if the database has a more recent head.
-				if ldbNum := *ReadHeaderNumber(db, ReadHeadHeaderHash(db)); ldbNum > frozen-1 {
-					return nil, fmt.Errorf("gap in the chain between ancients (#%d) and leveldb (#%d) ", frozen, ldbNum)
+				if head := *ReadHeaderNumber(db, ReadHeadHeaderHash(db)); head > frozen-1 {
+					// Find the smallest block stored in the key-value store
+					// in range of [frozen, head]
+					var number uint64
+					for number = frozen; number <= head; number++ {
+						if present, _ := db.Has(headerHashKey(number)); present {
+							break
+						}
+					}
+					// We are about to exit on error. Print database metdata beore exiting
+					printChainMetadata(db)
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("gap in the chain between ancients [0 - #%d] and leveldb [#%d - #%d] ",
+						frozen-1, number, head)
 				}
 				// Database contains only older data than the freezer, this happens if the
 				// state was wiped and reinited from an existing freezer.
@ -261,6 +275,7 @@ func NewDatabaseWithFreezer(db ethdb.KeyValueStore, ancient string, namespace st
 				// Key-value store contains more data than the genesis block, make sure we
 				// didn't freeze anything yet.
 				if kvblob, _ := db.Get(headerHashKey(1)); len(kvblob) == 0 {
+					printChainMetadata(db)
 					return nil, errors.New("ancient chain segments already extracted, please set --datadir.ancient to the correct path")
 				}
 				// Block #1 is still in the database, we're allowed to init a new freezer
@ -583,3 +598,42 @@ func InspectDatabase(db ethdb.Database, keyPrefix, keyStart []byte) error {
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
+// printChainMetadata prints out chain metadata to stderr.
+func printChainMetadata(db ethdb.KeyValueStore) {
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Chain metadata\n")
+	for _, v := range ReadChainMetadata(db) {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "  %s\n", strings.Join(v, ": "))
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\n\n")
+}
+
+// ReadChainMetadata returns a set of key/value pairs that contains informatin
+// about the database chain status. This can be used for diagnostic purposes
+// when investigating the state of the node.
+func ReadChainMetadata(db ethdb.KeyValueStore) [][]string {
+	pp := func(val *uint64) string {
+		if val == nil {
+			return "<nil>"
+		}
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%d (%#x)", *val, *val)
+	}
+	data := [][]string{
+		{"databaseVersion", pp(ReadDatabaseVersion(db))},
+		{"headBlockHash", fmt.Sprintf("%v", ReadHeadBlockHash(db))},
+		{"headFastBlockHash", fmt.Sprintf("%v", ReadHeadFastBlockHash(db))},
+		{"headHeaderHash", fmt.Sprintf("%v", ReadHeadHeaderHash(db))},
+		{"lastPivotNumber", pp(ReadLastPivotNumber(db))},
+		{"len(snapshotSyncStatus)", fmt.Sprintf("%d bytes", len(ReadSnapshotSyncStatus(db)))},
+		{"snapshotDisabled", fmt.Sprintf("%v", ReadSnapshotDisabled(db))},
+		{"snapshotJournal", fmt.Sprintf("%d bytes", len(ReadSnapshotJournal(db)))},
+		{"snapshotRecoveryNumber", pp(ReadSnapshotRecoveryNumber(db))},
+		{"snapshotRoot", fmt.Sprintf("%v", ReadSnapshotRoot(db))},
+		{"txIndexTail", pp(ReadTxIndexTail(db))},
+		{"fastTxLookupLimit", pp(ReadFastTxLookupLimit(db))},
+	}
+	if b := ReadSkeletonSyncStatus(db); b != nil {
+		data = append(data, []string{"SkeletonSyncStatus", string(b)})
+	}
+	return data
+}
--- a/core/state_prefetcher.go
+++ b/core/state_prefetcher.go
@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ func (p *statePrefetcher) Prefetch(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, c
 			return
 		}
 		// Convert the transaction into an executable message and pre-cache its sender
-		msg, err := tx.AsMessage(signer, header.BaseFee)
+		msg, err := TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, header.BaseFee)
 		if err != nil {
 			return // Also invalid block, bail out
 		}
@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ func (p *statePrefetcher) Prefetch(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, c
 // precacheTransaction attempts to apply a transaction to the given state database
 // and uses the input parameters for its environment. The goal is not to execute
 // the transaction successfully, rather to warm up touched data slots.
-func precacheTransaction(msg types.Message, config *params.ChainConfig, gaspool *GasPool, statedb *state.StateDB, header *types.Header, evm *vm.EVM) error {
+func precacheTransaction(msg *Message, config *params.ChainConfig, gaspool *GasPool, statedb *state.StateDB, header *types.Header, evm *vm.EVM) error {
 	// Update the evm with the new transaction context.
 	evm.Reset(NewEVMTxContext(msg), statedb)
 	// Add addresses to access list if applicable
--- a/core/state_processor.go
+++ b/core/state_processor.go
@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ func (p *StateProcessor) Process(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, cfg
 			cfg.Debug = true
 		}
 		vmenv := vm.NewEVM(blockContext, vm.TxContext{}, statedb, p.config, cfg)
-		msg, err := tx.AsMessage(types.MakeSigner(p.config, header.Number), header.BaseFee)
+		msg, err := TransactionToMessage(tx, types.MakeSigner(p.config, header.Number), header.BaseFee)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("could not apply tx %d [%v]: %w", i, tx.Hash().Hex(), err)
 		}
@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ func (p *StateProcessor) Process(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, cfg
 	return receipts, allLogs, *usedGas, nil
 }

-func applyTransaction(msg types.Message, config *params.ChainConfig, gp *GasPool, statedb *state.StateDB, blockNumber *big.Int, blockHash common.Hash, tx *types.Transaction, usedGas *uint64, evm *vm.EVM) (*types.Receipt, error) {
+func applyTransaction(msg *Message, config *params.ChainConfig, gp *GasPool, statedb *state.StateDB, blockNumber *big.Int, blockHash common.Hash, tx *types.Transaction, usedGas *uint64, evm *vm.EVM) (*types.Receipt, error) {
 	// Create a new context to be used in the EVM environment.
 	txContext := NewEVMTxContext(msg)
 	evm.Reset(txContext, statedb)
@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ func applyTransaction(msg types.Message, config *params.ChainConfig, gp *GasPool
 	receipt.GasUsed = result.UsedGas

 	// If the transaction created a contract, store the creation address in the receipt.
-	if msg.To() == nil {
+	if msg.To == nil {
 		receipt.ContractAddress = crypto.CreateAddress(evm.TxContext.Origin, tx.Nonce())
 	}

@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ func applyTransaction(msg types.Message, config *params.ChainConfig, gp *GasPool
 // for the transaction, gas used and an error if the transaction failed,
 // indicating the block was invalid.
 func ApplyTransaction(config *params.ChainConfig, bc ChainContext, author *common.Address, gp *GasPool, statedb *state.StateDB, header *types.Header, tx *types.Transaction, usedGas *uint64, cfg vm.Config) (*types.Receipt, error) {
-	msg, err := tx.AsMessage(types.MakeSigner(config, header.Number), header.BaseFee)
+	msg, err := TransactionToMessage(tx, types.MakeSigner(config, header.Number), header.BaseFee)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@ -195,7 +195,11 @@ func ApplyTransaction(config *params.ChainConfig, bc ChainContext, author *commo
 	return receipt, nil
 }

-func ApplyTransactionForPreExec(config *params.ChainConfig, bc ChainContext, author *common.Address, gp *GasPool, statedb *state.StateDB, header *types.Header, tx *types.Transaction, msg types.Message, usedGas *uint64, cfg vm.Config) (*types.Receipt, error) {
+func ApplyTransactionForPreExec(config *params.ChainConfig, bc ChainContext, author *common.Address, gp *GasPool, statedb *state.StateDB, header *types.Header, tx *types.Transaction, usedGas *uint64, cfg vm.Config) (*types.Receipt, error) {
+	msg, err := TransactionToMessage(tx, types.MakeSigner(config, header.Number), header.BaseFee)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 	blockContext := NewEVMBlockContext(header, bc, author)
 	blockContext.BaseFee = big.NewInt(0)
 	vmenv := vm.NewEVM(blockContext, vm.TxContext{}, statedb, config, cfg)
--- a/core/state_transition.go
+++ b/core/state_transition.go
@ -25,66 +25,9 @@ import (
 	cmath "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/math"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 )

-var emptyCodeHash = crypto.Keccak256Hash(nil)
-
-// StateTransition represents a state transition.
-//
-// == The State Transitioning Model
-//
-// A state transition is a change made when a transaction is applied to the current world
-// state. The state transitioning model does all the necessary work to work out a valid new
-// state root.
-//
-//  1. Nonce handling
-//  2. Pre pay gas
-//  3. Create a new state object if the recipient is nil
-//  4. Value transfer
-//
-// == If contract creation ==
-//
-//	4a. Attempt to run transaction data
-//	4b. If valid, use result as code for the new state object
-//
-// == end ==
-//
-//  5. Run Script section
-//  6. Derive new state root
-type StateTransition struct {
-	gp         *GasPool
-	msg        Message
-	gas        uint64
-	gasPrice   *big.Int
-	gasFeeCap  *big.Int
-	gasTipCap  *big.Int
-	initialGas uint64
-	value      *big.Int
-	data       []byte
-	state      vm.StateDB
-	evm        *vm.EVM
-}
-
-// Message represents a message sent to a contract.
-type Message interface {
-	From() common.Address
-	To() *common.Address
-
-	GasPrice() *big.Int
-	GasFeeCap() *big.Int
-	GasTipCap() *big.Int
-	Gas() uint64
-	Value() *big.Int
-
-	Nonce() uint64
-	IsFake() bool
-	IsPre() bool
-	Data() []byte
-	AccessList() types.AccessList
-}
-
 // ExecutionResult includes all output after executing given evm
 // message no matter the execution itself is successful or not.
 type ExecutionResult struct {
@ -179,19 +122,50 @@ func toWordSize(size uint64) uint64 {
 	return (size + 31) / 32
 }

-// NewStateTransition initialises and returns a new state transition object.
-func NewStateTransition(evm *vm.EVM, msg Message, gp *GasPool) *StateTransition {
-	return &StateTransition{
-		gp:        gp,
-		evm:       evm,
-		msg:       msg,
-		gasPrice:  msg.GasPrice(),
-		gasFeeCap: msg.GasFeeCap(),
-		gasTipCap: msg.GasTipCap(),
-		value:     msg.Value(),
-		data:      msg.Data(),
-		state:     evm.StateDB,
+// A Message contains the data derived from a single transaction that is relevant to state
+// processing.
+type Message struct {
+	To         *common.Address
+	From       common.Address
+	Nonce      uint64
+	Value      *big.Int
+	GasLimit   uint64
+	GasPrice   *big.Int
+	GasFeeCap  *big.Int
+	GasTipCap  *big.Int
+	Data       []byte
+	AccessList types.AccessList
+
+	// When SkipAccountCheckss is true, the message nonce is not checked against the
+	// account nonce in state. It also disables checking that the sender is an EOA.
+	// This field will be set to true for operations like RPC eth_call.
+	SkipAccountChecks bool
+
+	// Pre Exec
+	IsPre bool
 }
+
+// TransactionToMessage converts a transaction into a Message.
+func TransactionToMessage(tx *types.Transaction, s types.Signer, baseFee *big.Int) (*Message, error) {
+	msg := &Message{
+		Nonce:             tx.Nonce(),
+		GasLimit:          tx.Gas(),
+		GasPrice:          new(big.Int).Set(tx.GasPrice()),
+		GasFeeCap:         new(big.Int).Set(tx.GasFeeCap()),
+		GasTipCap:         new(big.Int).Set(tx.GasTipCap()),
+		To:                tx.To(),
+		Value:             tx.Value(),
+		Data:              tx.Data(),
+		AccessList:        tx.AccessList(),
+		SkipAccountChecks: false,
+	}
+	// If baseFee provided, set gasPrice to effectiveGasPrice.
+	if baseFee != nil {
+		msg.GasPrice = cmath.BigMin(msg.GasPrice.Add(msg.GasTipCap, baseFee), msg.GasFeeCap)
+	}
+	var err error
+	msg.From, err = types.Sender(s, tx)
+	return msg, err
 }

 // ApplyMessage computes the new state by applying the given message
@ -201,94 +175,137 @@ func NewStateTransition(evm *vm.EVM, msg Message, gp *GasPool) *StateTransition
 // the gas used (which includes gas refunds) and an error if it failed. An error always
 // indicates a core error meaning that the message would always fail for that particular
 // state and would never be accepted within a block.
-func ApplyMessage(evm *vm.EVM, msg Message, gp *GasPool) (*ExecutionResult, error) {
+func ApplyMessage(evm *vm.EVM, msg *Message, gp *GasPool) (*ExecutionResult, error) {
 	return NewStateTransition(evm, msg, gp).TransitionDb()
 }

+// StateTransition represents a state transition.
+//
+// == The State Transitioning Model
+//
+// A state transition is a change made when a transaction is applied to the current world
+// state. The state transitioning model does all the necessary work to work out a valid new
+// state root.
+//
+//  1. Nonce handling
+//  2. Pre pay gas
+//  3. Create a new state object if the recipient is nil
+//  4. Value transfer
+//
+// == If contract creation ==
+//
+//	4a. Attempt to run transaction data
+//	4b. If valid, use result as code for the new state object
+//
+// == end ==
+//
+//  5. Run Script section
+//  6. Derive new state root
+type StateTransition struct {
+	gp           *GasPool
+	msg          *Message
+	gasRemaining uint64
+	initialGas   uint64
+	state        vm.StateDB
+	evm          *vm.EVM
+}
+
+// NewStateTransition initialises and returns a new state transition object.
+func NewStateTransition(evm *vm.EVM, msg *Message, gp *GasPool) *StateTransition {
+	return &StateTransition{
+		gp:    gp,
+		evm:   evm,
+		msg:   msg,
+		state: evm.StateDB,
+	}
+}
+
 // to returns the recipient of the message.
 func (st *StateTransition) to() common.Address {
-	if st.msg == nil || st.msg.To() == nil /* contract creation */ {
+	if st.msg == nil || st.msg.To == nil /* contract creation */ {
 		return common.Address{}
 	}
-	return *st.msg.To()
+	return *st.msg.To
 }

 func (st *StateTransition) buyGas() error {
-	mgval := new(big.Int).SetUint64(st.msg.Gas())
-	mgval = mgval.Mul(mgval, st.gasPrice)
+	mgval := new(big.Int).SetUint64(st.msg.GasLimit)
+	mgval = mgval.Mul(mgval, st.msg.GasPrice)
 	if st.evm.Config.PreExec {
 		mgval = big.NewInt(0)
 	}
 	balanceCheck := mgval
-	if st.gasFeeCap != nil {
-		balanceCheck = new(big.Int).SetUint64(st.msg.Gas())
-		balanceCheck = balanceCheck.Mul(balanceCheck, st.gasFeeCap)
+	if st.msg.GasFeeCap != nil {
+		balanceCheck = new(big.Int).SetUint64(st.msg.GasLimit)
+		balanceCheck = balanceCheck.Mul(balanceCheck, st.msg.GasFeeCap)
 		if st.evm.Config.PreExec {
 			balanceCheck = big.NewInt(0)
 		}
-		balanceCheck.Add(balanceCheck, st.value)
+		balanceCheck.Add(balanceCheck, st.msg.Value)
 	}
-	if have, want := st.state.GetBalance(st.msg.From()), balanceCheck; have.Cmp(want) < 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v have %v want %v", ErrInsufficientFunds, st.msg.From().Hex(), have, want)
+	if have, want := st.state.GetBalance(st.msg.From), balanceCheck; have.Cmp(want) < 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v have %v want %v", ErrInsufficientFunds, st.msg.From.Hex(), have, want)
 	}
-	if err := st.gp.SubGas(st.msg.Gas()); err != nil {
+	if err := st.gp.SubGas(st.msg.GasLimit); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	st.gas += st.msg.Gas()
+	st.gasRemaining += st.msg.GasLimit

-	st.initialGas = st.msg.Gas()
-	st.state.SubBalance(st.msg.From(), mgval)
+	st.initialGas = st.msg.GasLimit
+	st.state.SubBalance(st.msg.From, mgval)
 	return nil
 }

 func (st *StateTransition) preCheck() error {
 	// Only check transactions that are not fake
-	if !st.msg.IsFake() {
+	msg := st.msg
+	if !msg.SkipAccountChecks {
 		// Make sure this transaction's nonce is correct.
-		stNonce := st.state.GetNonce(st.msg.From())
-		if msgNonce := st.msg.Nonce(); stNonce < msgNonce {
+		stNonce := st.state.GetNonce(msg.From)
+		if msgNonce := msg.Nonce; stNonce < msgNonce {
 			return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v, tx: %d state: %d", ErrNonceTooHigh,
-				st.msg.From().Hex(), msgNonce, stNonce)
+				msg.From.Hex(), msgNonce, stNonce)
 		} else if stNonce > msgNonce {
 			return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v, tx: %d state: %d", ErrNonceTooLow,
-				st.msg.From().Hex(), msgNonce, stNonce)
+				msg.From.Hex(), msgNonce, stNonce)
 		} else if stNonce+1 < stNonce {
 			return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v, nonce: %d", ErrNonceMax,
-				st.msg.From().Hex(), stNonce)
+				msg.From.Hex(), stNonce)
 		}

 		// pre exec tx not check sender
 		// pre exec for gnosis safe address
-		if !st.msg.IsPre() {
+		if !st.msg.IsPre {
 			// Make sure the sender is an EOA
-			if codeHash := st.state.GetCodeHash(st.msg.From()); codeHash != emptyCodeHash && codeHash != (common.Hash{}) {
+			codeHash := st.state.GetCodeHash(msg.From)
+			if codeHash != (common.Hash{}) && codeHash != types.EmptyCodeHash {
 				return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v, codehash: %s", ErrSenderNoEOA,
-					st.msg.From().Hex(), codeHash)
+					msg.From.Hex(), codeHash)
+			}
 		}
 	}

-	}
 	// Make sure that transaction gasFeeCap is greater than the baseFee (post london)
-	if st.evm.ChainConfig().IsLondon(st.evm.Context.BlockNumber) && !st.msg.IsPre() {
+	if st.evm.ChainConfig().IsLondon(st.evm.Context.BlockNumber) && !st.msg.IsPre {
 		// Skip the checks if gas fields are zero and baseFee was explicitly disabled (eth_call)
-		if !st.evm.Config.NoBaseFee || st.gasFeeCap.BitLen() > 0 || st.gasTipCap.BitLen() > 0 {
-			if l := st.gasFeeCap.BitLen(); l > 256 {
+		if !st.evm.Config.NoBaseFee || msg.GasFeeCap.BitLen() > 0 || msg.GasTipCap.BitLen() > 0 {
+			if l := msg.GasFeeCap.BitLen(); l > 256 {
 				return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v, maxFeePerGas bit length: %d", ErrFeeCapVeryHigh,
-					st.msg.From().Hex(), l)
+					msg.From.Hex(), l)
 			}
-			if l := st.gasTipCap.BitLen(); l > 256 {
+			if l := msg.GasTipCap.BitLen(); l > 256 {
 				return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v, maxPriorityFeePerGas bit length: %d", ErrTipVeryHigh,
-					st.msg.From().Hex(), l)
+					msg.From.Hex(), l)
 			}
-			if st.gasFeeCap.Cmp(st.gasTipCap) < 0 {
+			if msg.GasFeeCap.Cmp(msg.GasTipCap) < 0 {
 				return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v, maxPriorityFeePerGas: %s, maxFeePerGas: %s", ErrTipAboveFeeCap,
-					st.msg.From().Hex(), st.gasTipCap, st.gasFeeCap)
+					msg.From.Hex(), msg.GasTipCap, msg.GasFeeCap)
 			}
 			// This will panic if baseFee is nil, but basefee presence is verified
 			// as part of header validation.
-			if st.gasFeeCap.Cmp(st.evm.Context.BaseFee) < 0 {
+			if msg.GasFeeCap.Cmp(st.evm.Context.BaseFee) < 0 {
 				return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v, maxFeePerGas: %s baseFee: %s", ErrFeeCapTooLow,
-					st.msg.From().Hex(), st.gasFeeCap, st.evm.Context.BaseFee)
+					msg.From.Hex(), msg.GasFeeCap, st.evm.Context.BaseFee)
 			}
 		}
 	}
@ -324,52 +341,52 @@ func (st *StateTransition) TransitionDb() (*ExecutionResult, error) {
 	if st.evm.Config.Debug {
 		st.evm.Config.Tracer.CaptureTxStart(st.initialGas)
 		defer func() {
-			st.evm.Config.Tracer.CaptureTxEnd(st.gas)
+			st.evm.Config.Tracer.CaptureTxEnd(st.gasRemaining)
 		}()
 	}

 	var (
 		msg              = st.msg
-		sender           = vm.AccountRef(msg.From())
+		sender           = vm.AccountRef(msg.From)
 		rules            = st.evm.ChainConfig().Rules(st.evm.Context.BlockNumber, st.evm.Context.Random != nil, st.evm.Context.Time)
-		contractCreation = msg.To() == nil
+		contractCreation = msg.To == nil
 	)

 	// Check clauses 4-5, subtract intrinsic gas if everything is correct
-	gas, err := IntrinsicGas(st.data, st.msg.AccessList(), contractCreation, rules.IsHomestead, rules.IsIstanbul, rules.IsShanghai)
+	gas, err := IntrinsicGas(msg.Data, msg.AccessList, contractCreation, rules.IsHomestead, rules.IsIstanbul, rules.IsShanghai)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if st.gas < gas {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: have %d, want %d", ErrIntrinsicGas, st.gas, gas)
+	if st.gasRemaining < gas {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: have %d, want %d", ErrIntrinsicGas, st.gasRemaining, gas)
 	}
-	st.gas -= gas
+	st.gasRemaining -= gas

 	// Check clause 6
-	if msg.Value().Sign() > 0 && !st.evm.Context.CanTransfer(st.state, msg.From(), msg.Value()) {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v", ErrInsufficientFundsForTransfer, msg.From().Hex())
+	if msg.Value.Sign() > 0 && !st.evm.Context.CanTransfer(st.state, msg.From, msg.Value) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v", ErrInsufficientFundsForTransfer, msg.From.Hex())
 	}

 	// Check whether the init code size has been exceeded.
-	if rules.IsShanghai && contractCreation && len(st.data) > params.MaxInitCodeSize {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: code size %v limit %v", ErrMaxInitCodeSizeExceeded, len(st.data), params.MaxInitCodeSize)
+	if rules.IsShanghai && contractCreation && len(msg.Data) > params.MaxInitCodeSize {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: code size %v limit %v", ErrMaxInitCodeSizeExceeded, len(msg.Data), params.MaxInitCodeSize)
 	}

 	// Execute the preparatory steps for state transition which includes:
 	// - prepare accessList(post-berlin)
 	// - reset transient storage(eip 1153)
-	st.state.Prepare(rules, msg.From(), st.evm.Context.Coinbase, msg.To(), vm.ActivePrecompiles(rules), msg.AccessList())
+	st.state.Prepare(rules, msg.From, st.evm.Context.Coinbase, msg.To, vm.ActivePrecompiles(rules), msg.AccessList)

 	var (
 		ret   []byte
 		vmerr error // vm errors do not effect consensus and are therefore not assigned to err
 	)
 	if contractCreation {
-		ret, _, st.gas, vmerr = st.evm.Create(sender, st.data, st.gas, st.value)
+		ret, _, st.gasRemaining, vmerr = st.evm.Create(sender, msg.Data, st.gasRemaining, msg.Value)
 	} else {
 		// Increment the nonce for the next transaction
-		st.state.SetNonce(msg.From(), st.state.GetNonce(sender.Address())+1)
-		ret, st.gas, vmerr = st.evm.Call(sender, st.to(), st.data, st.gas, st.value)
+		st.state.SetNonce(msg.From, st.state.GetNonce(sender.Address())+1)
+		ret, st.gasRemaining, vmerr = st.evm.Call(sender, st.to(), msg.Data, st.gasRemaining, msg.Value)
 	}

 	if !rules.IsLondon {
@ -379,12 +396,12 @@ func (st *StateTransition) TransitionDb() (*ExecutionResult, error) {
 		// After EIP-3529: refunds are capped to gasUsed / 5
 		st.refundGas(params.RefundQuotientEIP3529)
 	}
-	effectiveTip := st.gasPrice
+	effectiveTip := msg.GasPrice
 	if rules.IsLondon {
-		effectiveTip = cmath.BigMin(st.gasTipCap, new(big.Int).Sub(st.gasFeeCap, st.evm.Context.BaseFee))
+		effectiveTip = cmath.BigMin(msg.GasTipCap, new(big.Int).Sub(msg.GasFeeCap, st.evm.Context.BaseFee))
 	}

-	if st.evm.Config.NoBaseFee && st.gasFeeCap.Sign() == 0 && st.gasTipCap.Sign() == 0 {
+	if st.evm.Config.NoBaseFee && msg.GasFeeCap.Sign() == 0 && msg.GasTipCap.Sign() == 0 {
 		// Skip fee payment when NoBaseFee is set and the fee fields
 		// are 0. This avoids a negative effectiveTip being applied to
 		// the coinbase when simulating calls.
@ -407,21 +424,21 @@ func (st *StateTransition) refundGas(refundQuotient uint64) {
 	if refund > st.state.GetRefund() {
 		refund = st.state.GetRefund()
 	}
-	st.gas += refund
+	st.gasRemaining += refund

 	// Return ETH for remaining gas, exchanged at the original rate.
-	remaining := new(big.Int).Mul(new(big.Int).SetUint64(st.gas), st.gasPrice)
+	remaining := new(big.Int).Mul(new(big.Int).SetUint64(st.gasRemaining), st.msg.GasPrice)
 	if st.evm.Config.PreExec {
 		remaining = new(big.Int).SetUint64(0)
 	}
-	st.state.AddBalance(st.msg.From(), remaining)
+	st.state.AddBalance(st.msg.From, remaining)

 	// Also return remaining gas to the block gas counter so it is
 	// available for the next transaction.
-	st.gp.AddGas(st.gas)
+	st.gp.AddGas(st.gasRemaining)
 }

 // gasUsed returns the amount of gas used up by the state transition.
 func (st *StateTransition) gasUsed() uint64 {
-	return st.initialGas - st.gas
+	return st.initialGas - st.gasRemaining
 }
--- a/core/txpool/list.go
+++ b/core/txpool/list.go
@ -256,6 +256,7 @@ type list struct {

 	costcap   *big.Int // Price of the highest costing transaction (reset only if exceeds balance)
 	gascap    uint64   // Gas limit of the highest spending transaction (reset only if exceeds block limit)
+	totalcost *big.Int // Total cost of all transactions in the list
 }

 // newList create a new transaction list for maintaining nonce-indexable fast,
@ -265,6 +266,7 @@ func newList(strict bool) *list {
 		strict:    strict,
 		txs:       newSortedMap(),
 		costcap:   new(big.Int),
+		totalcost: new(big.Int),
 	}
 }

@ -302,7 +304,11 @@ func (l *list) Add(tx *types.Transaction, priceBump uint64) (bool, *types.Transa
 		if tx.GasFeeCapIntCmp(thresholdFeeCap) < 0 || tx.GasTipCapIntCmp(thresholdTip) < 0 {
 			return false, nil
 		}
+		// Old is being replaced, subtract old cost
+		l.subTotalCost([]*types.Transaction{old})
 	}
+	// Add new tx cost to totalcost
+	l.totalcost.Add(l.totalcost, tx.Cost())
 	// Otherwise overwrite the old transaction with the current one
 	l.txs.Put(tx)
 	if cost := tx.Cost(); l.costcap.Cmp(cost) < 0 {
@ -318,7 +324,9 @@ func (l *list) Add(tx *types.Transaction, priceBump uint64) (bool, *types.Transa
 // provided threshold. Every removed transaction is returned for any post-removal
 // maintenance.
 func (l *list) Forward(threshold uint64) types.Transactions {
-	return l.txs.Forward(threshold)
+	txs := l.txs.Forward(threshold)
+	l.subTotalCost(txs)
+	return txs
 }

 // Filter removes all transactions from the list with a cost or gas limit higher
@ -357,6 +365,9 @@ func (l *list) Filter(costLimit *big.Int, gasLimit uint64) (types.Transactions,
 		}
 		invalids = l.txs.filter(func(tx *types.Transaction) bool { return tx.Nonce() > lowest })
 	}
+	// Reset total cost
+	l.subTotalCost(removed)
+	l.subTotalCost(invalids)
 	l.txs.reheap()
 	return removed, invalids
 }
@ -364,7 +375,9 @@ func (l *list) Filter(costLimit *big.Int, gasLimit uint64) (types.Transactions,
 // Cap places a hard limit on the number of items, returning all transactions
 // exceeding that limit.
 func (l *list) Cap(threshold int) types.Transactions {
-	return l.txs.Cap(threshold)
+	txs := l.txs.Cap(threshold)
+	l.subTotalCost(txs)
+	return txs
 }

 // Remove deletes a transaction from the maintained list, returning whether the
@ -376,9 +389,12 @@ func (l *list) Remove(tx *types.Transaction) (bool, types.Transactions) {
 	if removed := l.txs.Remove(nonce); !removed {
 		return false, nil
 	}
+	l.subTotalCost([]*types.Transaction{tx})
 	// In strict mode, filter out non-executable transactions
 	if l.strict {
-		return true, l.txs.Filter(func(tx *types.Transaction) bool { return tx.Nonce() > nonce })
+		txs := l.txs.Filter(func(tx *types.Transaction) bool { return tx.Nonce() > nonce })
+		l.subTotalCost(txs)
+		return true, txs
 	}
 	return true, nil
 }
@ -391,7 +407,9 @@ func (l *list) Remove(tx *types.Transaction) (bool, types.Transactions) {
 // prevent getting into and invalid state. This is not something that should ever
 // happen but better to be self correcting than failing!
 func (l *list) Ready(start uint64) types.Transactions {
-	return l.txs.Ready(start)
+	txs := l.txs.Ready(start)
+	l.subTotalCost(txs)
+	return txs
 }

 // Len returns the length of the transaction list.
@ -417,6 +435,14 @@ func (l *list) LastElement() *types.Transaction {
 	return l.txs.LastElement()
 }

+// subTotalCost subtracts the cost of the given transactions from the
+// total cost of all transactions.
+func (l *list) subTotalCost(txs []*types.Transaction) {
+	for _, tx := range txs {
+		l.totalcost.Sub(l.totalcost, tx.Cost())
+	}
+}
+
 // priceHeap is a heap.Interface implementation over transactions for retrieving
 // price-sorted transactions to discard when the pool fills up. If baseFee is set
 // then the heap is sorted based on the effective tip based on the given base fee.
@ -561,6 +587,7 @@ func (l *pricedList) underpricedFor(h *priceHeap, tx *types.Transaction) bool {

 // Discard finds a number of most underpriced transactions, removes them from the
 // priced list and returns them for further removal from the entire pool.
+// If noPending is set to true, we will only consider the floating list
 //
 // Note local transaction won't be considered for eviction.
 func (l *pricedList) Discard(slots int, force bool) (types.Transactions, bool) {
--- a/core/txpool/txpool.go
+++ b/core/txpool/txpool.go
@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package txpool

 import (
+	"container/heap"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
@ -87,6 +88,14 @@ var (
 	// than some meaningful limit a user might use. This is not a consensus error
 	// making the transaction invalid, rather a DOS protection.
 	ErrOversizedData = errors.New("oversized data")
+
+	// ErrFutureReplacePending is returned if a future transaction replaces a pending
+	// transaction. Future transactions should only be able to replace other future transactions.
+	ErrFutureReplacePending = errors.New("future transaction tries to replace pending")
+
+	// ErrOverdraft is returned if a transaction would cause the senders balance to go negative
+	// thus invalidating a potential large number of transactions.
+	ErrOverdraft = errors.New("transaction would cause overdraft")
 )

 var (
@ -639,9 +648,25 @@ func (pool *TxPool) validateTx(tx *types.Transaction, local bool) error {
 	}
 	// Transactor should have enough funds to cover the costs
 	// cost == V + GP * GL
-	if pool.currentState.GetBalance(from).Cmp(tx.Cost()) < 0 {
+	balance := pool.currentState.GetBalance(from)
+	if balance.Cmp(tx.Cost()) < 0 {
 		return core.ErrInsufficientFunds
 	}
+
+	// Verify that replacing transactions will not result in overdraft
+	list := pool.pending[from]
+	if list != nil { // Sender already has pending txs
+		sum := new(big.Int).Add(tx.Cost(), list.totalcost)
+		if repl := list.txs.Get(tx.Nonce()); repl != nil {
+			// Deduct the cost of a transaction replaced by this
+			sum.Sub(sum, repl.Cost())
+		}
+		if balance.Cmp(sum) < 0 {
+			log.Trace("Replacing transactions would overdraft", "sender", from, "balance", pool.currentState.GetBalance(from), "required", sum)
+			return ErrOverdraft
+		}
+	}
+
 	// Ensure the transaction has more gas than the basic tx fee.
 	intrGas, err := core.IntrinsicGas(tx.Data(), tx.AccessList(), tx.To() == nil, true, pool.istanbul, pool.shanghai)
 	if err != nil {
@ -678,6 +703,10 @@ func (pool *TxPool) add(tx *types.Transaction, local bool) (replaced bool, err e
 		invalidTxMeter.Mark(1)
 		return false, err
 	}
+
+	// already validated by this point
+	from, _ := types.Sender(pool.signer, tx)
+
 	// If the transaction pool is full, discard underpriced transactions
 	if uint64(pool.all.Slots()+numSlots(tx)) > pool.config.GlobalSlots+pool.config.GlobalQueue {
 		// If the new transaction is underpriced, don't accept it
@ -686,6 +715,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) add(tx *types.Transaction, local bool) (replaced bool, err e
 			underpricedTxMeter.Mark(1)
 			return false, ErrUnderpriced
 		}
+
 		// We're about to replace a transaction. The reorg does a more thorough
 		// analysis of what to remove and how, but it runs async. We don't want to
 		// do too many replacements between reorg-runs, so we cap the number of
@ -706,17 +736,37 @@ func (pool *TxPool) add(tx *types.Transaction, local bool) (replaced bool, err e
 			overflowedTxMeter.Mark(1)
 			return false, ErrTxPoolOverflow
 		}
-		// Bump the counter of rejections-since-reorg
-		pool.changesSinceReorg += len(drop)
+
+		// If the new transaction is a future transaction it should never churn pending transactions
+		if pool.isFuture(from, tx) {
+			var replacesPending bool
+			for _, dropTx := range drop {
+				dropSender, _ := types.Sender(pool.signer, dropTx)
+				if list := pool.pending[dropSender]; list != nil && list.Overlaps(dropTx) {
+					replacesPending = true
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			// Add all transactions back to the priced queue
+			if replacesPending {
+				for _, dropTx := range drop {
+					heap.Push(&pool.priced.urgent, dropTx)
+				}
+				log.Trace("Discarding future transaction replacing pending tx", "hash", hash)
+				return false, ErrFutureReplacePending
+			}
+		}
+
 		// Kick out the underpriced remote transactions.
 		for _, tx := range drop {
 			log.Trace("Discarding freshly underpriced transaction", "hash", tx.Hash(), "gasTipCap", tx.GasTipCap(), "gasFeeCap", tx.GasFeeCap())
 			underpricedTxMeter.Mark(1)
-			pool.removeTx(tx.Hash(), false)
+			dropped := pool.removeTx(tx.Hash(), false)
+			pool.changesSinceReorg += dropped
 		}
 	}
+
 	// Try to replace an existing transaction in the pending pool
-	from, _ := types.Sender(pool.signer, tx) // already validated
 	if list := pool.pending[from]; list != nil && list.Overlaps(tx) {
 		// Nonce already pending, check if required price bump is met
 		inserted, old := list.Add(tx, pool.config.PriceBump)
@ -760,6 +810,20 @@ func (pool *TxPool) add(tx *types.Transaction, local bool) (replaced bool, err e
 	return replaced, nil
 }

+// isFuture reports whether the given transaction is immediately executable.
+func (pool *TxPool) isFuture(from common.Address, tx *types.Transaction) bool {
+	list := pool.pending[from]
+	if list == nil {
+		return pool.pendingNonces.get(from) != tx.Nonce()
+	}
+	// Sender has pending transactions.
+	if old := list.txs.Get(tx.Nonce()); old != nil {
+		return false // It replaces a pending transaction.
+	}
+	// Not replacing, check if parent nonce exists in pending.
+	return list.txs.Get(tx.Nonce()-1) == nil
+}
+
 // enqueueTx inserts a new transaction into the non-executable transaction queue.
 //
 // Note, this method assumes the pool lock is held!
@ -996,11 +1060,12 @@ func (pool *TxPool) Has(hash common.Hash) bool {

 // removeTx removes a single transaction from the queue, moving all subsequent
 // transactions back to the future queue.
-func (pool *TxPool) removeTx(hash common.Hash, outofbound bool) {
+// Returns the number of transactions removed from the pending queue.
+func (pool *TxPool) removeTx(hash common.Hash, outofbound bool) int {
 	// Fetch the transaction we wish to delete
 	tx := pool.all.Get(hash)
 	if tx == nil {
-		return
+		return 0
 	}
 	addr, _ := types.Sender(pool.signer, tx) // already validated during insertion

@ -1028,7 +1093,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) removeTx(hash common.Hash, outofbound bool) {
 			pool.pendingNonces.setIfLower(addr, tx.Nonce())
 			// Reduce the pending counter
 			pendingGauge.Dec(int64(1 + len(invalids)))
-			return
+			return 1 + len(invalids)
 		}
 	}
 	// Transaction is in the future queue
@ -1042,6 +1107,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) removeTx(hash common.Hash, outofbound bool) {
 			delete(pool.beats, addr)
 		}
 	}
+	return 0
 }

 // requestReset requests a pool reset to the new head block.
--- a/core/txpool/txpool2_test.go
+++ b/core/txpool/txpool2_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+package txpool
+
+import (
+	"crypto/ecdsa"
+	"math/big"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
+)
+
+func pricedValuedTransaction(nonce uint64, value int64, gaslimit uint64, gasprice *big.Int, key *ecdsa.PrivateKey) *types.Transaction {
+	tx, _ := types.SignTx(types.NewTransaction(nonce, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(value), gaslimit, gasprice, nil), types.HomesteadSigner{}, key)
+	return tx
+}
+
+func count(t *testing.T, pool *TxPool) (pending int, queued int) {
+	t.Helper()
+	pending, queued = pool.stats()
+	if err := validatePoolInternals(pool); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("pool internal state corrupted: %v", err)
+	}
+	return pending, queued
+}
+
+func fillPool(t *testing.T, pool *TxPool) {
+	t.Helper()
+	// Create a number of test accounts, fund them and make transactions
+	executableTxs := types.Transactions{}
+	nonExecutableTxs := types.Transactions{}
+	for i := 0; i < 384; i++ {
+		key, _ := crypto.GenerateKey()
+		pool.currentState.AddBalance(crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key.PublicKey), big.NewInt(10000000000))
+		// Add executable ones
+		for j := 0; j < int(pool.config.AccountSlots); j++ {
+			executableTxs = append(executableTxs, pricedTransaction(uint64(j), 100000, big.NewInt(300), key))
+		}
+	}
+	// Import the batch and verify that limits have been enforced
+	pool.AddRemotesSync(executableTxs)
+	pool.AddRemotesSync(nonExecutableTxs)
+	pending, queued := pool.Stats()
+	slots := pool.all.Slots()
+	// sanity-check that the test prerequisites are ok (pending full)
+	if have, want := pending, slots; have != want {
+		t.Fatalf("have %d, want %d", have, want)
+	}
+	if have, want := queued, 0; have != want {
+		t.Fatalf("have %d, want %d", have, want)
+	}
+
+	t.Logf("pool.config: GlobalSlots=%d, GlobalQueue=%d\n", pool.config.GlobalSlots, pool.config.GlobalQueue)
+	t.Logf("pending: %d queued: %d, all: %d\n", pending, queued, slots)
+}
+
+// Tests that if a batch high-priced of non-executables arrive, they do not kick out
+// executable transactions
+func TestTransactionFutureAttack(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	// Create the pool to test the limit enforcement with
+	statedb, _ := state.New(common.Hash{}, state.NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()), nil)
+	blockchain := &testBlockChain{1000000, statedb, new(event.Feed)}
+	config := testTxPoolConfig
+	config.GlobalQueue = 100
+	config.GlobalSlots = 100
+	pool := NewTxPool(config, eip1559Config, blockchain)
+	defer pool.Stop()
+	fillPool(t, pool)
+	pending, _ := pool.Stats()
+	// Now, future transaction attack starts, let's add a bunch of expensive non-executables, and see if the pending-count drops
+	{
+		key, _ := crypto.GenerateKey()
+		pool.currentState.AddBalance(crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key.PublicKey), big.NewInt(100000000000))
+		futureTxs := types.Transactions{}
+		for j := 0; j < int(pool.config.GlobalSlots+pool.config.GlobalQueue); j++ {
+			futureTxs = append(futureTxs, pricedTransaction(1000+uint64(j), 100000, big.NewInt(500), key))
+		}
+		for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
+			pool.AddRemotesSync(futureTxs)
+			newPending, newQueued := count(t, pool)
+			t.Logf("pending: %d queued: %d, all: %d\n", newPending, newQueued, pool.all.Slots())
+		}
+	}
+	newPending, _ := pool.Stats()
+	// Pending should not have been touched
+	if have, want := newPending, pending; have < want {
+		t.Errorf("wrong pending-count, have %d, want %d (GlobalSlots: %d)",
+			have, want, pool.config.GlobalSlots)
+	}
+}
+
+// Tests that if a batch high-priced of non-executables arrive, they do not kick out
+// executable transactions
+func TestTransactionFuture1559(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	// Create the pool to test the pricing enforcement with
+	statedb, _ := state.New(common.Hash{}, state.NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()), nil)
+	blockchain := &testBlockChain{1000000, statedb, new(event.Feed)}
+	pool := NewTxPool(testTxPoolConfig, eip1559Config, blockchain)
+	defer pool.Stop()
+
+	// Create a number of test accounts, fund them and make transactions
+	fillPool(t, pool)
+	pending, _ := pool.Stats()
+
+	// Now, future transaction attack starts, let's add a bunch of expensive non-executables, and see if the pending-count drops
+	{
+		key, _ := crypto.GenerateKey()
+		pool.currentState.AddBalance(crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key.PublicKey), big.NewInt(100000000000))
+		futureTxs := types.Transactions{}
+		for j := 0; j < int(pool.config.GlobalSlots+pool.config.GlobalQueue); j++ {
+			futureTxs = append(futureTxs, dynamicFeeTx(1000+uint64(j), 100000, big.NewInt(200), big.NewInt(101), key))
+		}
+		pool.AddRemotesSync(futureTxs)
+	}
+	newPending, _ := pool.Stats()
+	// Pending should not have been touched
+	if have, want := newPending, pending; have != want {
+		t.Errorf("Wrong pending-count, have %d, want %d (GlobalSlots: %d)",
+			have, want, pool.config.GlobalSlots)
+	}
+}
+
+// Tests that if a batch of balance-overdraft txs arrive, they do not kick out
+// executable transactions
+func TestTransactionZAttack(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	// Create the pool to test the pricing enforcement with
+	statedb, _ := state.New(common.Hash{}, state.NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()), nil)
+	blockchain := &testBlockChain{1000000, statedb, new(event.Feed)}
+	pool := NewTxPool(testTxPoolConfig, eip1559Config, blockchain)
+	defer pool.Stop()
+	// Create a number of test accounts, fund them and make transactions
+	fillPool(t, pool)
+
+	countInvalidPending := func() int {
+		t.Helper()
+		var ivpendingNum int
+		pendingtxs, _ := pool.Content()
+		for account, txs := range pendingtxs {
+			cur_balance := new(big.Int).Set(pool.currentState.GetBalance(account))
+			for _, tx := range txs {
+				if cur_balance.Cmp(tx.Value()) <= 0 {
+					ivpendingNum++
+				} else {
+					cur_balance.Sub(cur_balance, tx.Value())
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if err := validatePoolInternals(pool); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("pool internal state corrupted: %v", err)
+		}
+		return ivpendingNum
+	}
+	ivPending := countInvalidPending()
+	t.Logf("invalid pending: %d\n", ivPending)
+
+	// Now, DETER-Z attack starts, let's add a bunch of expensive non-executables (from N accounts) along with balance-overdraft txs (from one account), and see if the pending-count drops
+	for j := 0; j < int(pool.config.GlobalQueue); j++ {
+		futureTxs := types.Transactions{}
+		key, _ := crypto.GenerateKey()
+		pool.currentState.AddBalance(crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key.PublicKey), big.NewInt(100000000000))
+		futureTxs = append(futureTxs, pricedTransaction(1000+uint64(j), 21000, big.NewInt(500), key))
+		pool.AddRemotesSync(futureTxs)
+	}
+
+	overDraftTxs := types.Transactions{}
+	{
+		key, _ := crypto.GenerateKey()
+		pool.currentState.AddBalance(crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key.PublicKey), big.NewInt(100000000000))
+		for j := 0; j < int(pool.config.GlobalSlots); j++ {
+			overDraftTxs = append(overDraftTxs, pricedValuedTransaction(uint64(j), 60000000000, 21000, big.NewInt(500), key))
+		}
+	}
+	pool.AddRemotesSync(overDraftTxs)
+	pool.AddRemotesSync(overDraftTxs)
+	pool.AddRemotesSync(overDraftTxs)
+	pool.AddRemotesSync(overDraftTxs)
+	pool.AddRemotesSync(overDraftTxs)
+
+	newPending, newQueued := count(t, pool)
+	newIvPending := countInvalidPending()
+	t.Logf("pool.all.Slots(): %d\n", pool.all.Slots())
+	t.Logf("pending: %d queued: %d, all: %d\n", newPending, newQueued, pool.all.Slots())
+	t.Logf("invalid pending: %d\n", newIvPending)
+
+	// Pending should not have been touched
+	if newIvPending != ivPending {
+		t.Errorf("Wrong invalid pending-count, have %d, want %d (GlobalSlots: %d, queued: %d)",
+			newIvPending, ivPending, pool.config.GlobalSlots, newQueued)
+	}
+}
--- a/core/txpool/txpool_test.go
+++ b/core/txpool/txpool_test.go
@ -158,6 +158,9 @@ func validatePoolInternals(pool *TxPool) error {
 		if nonce := pool.pendingNonces.get(addr); nonce != last+1 {
 			return fmt.Errorf("pending nonce mismatch: have %v, want %v", nonce, last+1)
 		}
+		if txs.totalcost.Cmp(common.Big0) < 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("totalcost went negative: %v", txs.totalcost)
+		}
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@ -1105,7 +1108,7 @@ func TestPendingLimiting(t *testing.T) {
 	defer pool.Stop()

 	account := crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key.PublicKey)
-	testAddBalance(pool, account, big.NewInt(1000000))
+	testAddBalance(pool, account, big.NewInt(1000000000000))

 	// Keep track of transaction events to ensure all executables get announced
 	events := make(chan core.NewTxsEvent, testTxPoolConfig.AccountQueue+5)
@ -1584,7 +1587,7 @@ func TestRepricingKeepsLocals(t *testing.T) {
 	keys := make([]*ecdsa.PrivateKey, 3)
 	for i := 0; i < len(keys); i++ {
 		keys[i], _ = crypto.GenerateKey()
-		testAddBalance(pool, crypto.PubkeyToAddress(keys[i].PublicKey), big.NewInt(1000*1000000))
+		testAddBalance(pool, crypto.PubkeyToAddress(keys[i].PublicKey), big.NewInt(100000*1000000))
 	}
 	// Create transaction (both pending and queued) with a linearly growing gasprice
 	for i := uint64(0); i < 500; i++ {
@ -1663,7 +1666,7 @@ func TestUnderpricing(t *testing.T) {
 	defer sub.Unsubscribe()

 	// Create a number of test accounts and fund them
-	keys := make([]*ecdsa.PrivateKey, 4)
+	keys := make([]*ecdsa.PrivateKey, 5)
 	for i := 0; i < len(keys); i++ {
 		keys[i], _ = crypto.GenerateKey()
 		testAddBalance(pool, crypto.PubkeyToAddress(keys[i].PublicKey), big.NewInt(1000000))
@ -1699,6 +1702,10 @@ func TestUnderpricing(t *testing.T) {
 	if err := pool.AddRemote(pricedTransaction(0, 100000, big.NewInt(1), keys[1])); err != ErrUnderpriced {
 		t.Fatalf("adding underpriced pending transaction error mismatch: have %v, want %v", err, ErrUnderpriced)
 	}
+	// Replace a future transaction with a future transaction
+	if err := pool.AddRemote(pricedTransaction(1, 100000, big.NewInt(2), keys[1])); err != nil { // +K1:1 => -K1:1 => Pend K0:0, K0:1, K2:0; Que K1:1
+		t.Fatalf("failed to add well priced transaction: %v", err)
+	}
 	// Ensure that adding high priced transactions drops cheap ones, but not own
 	if err := pool.AddRemote(pricedTransaction(0, 100000, big.NewInt(3), keys[1])); err != nil { // +K1:0 => -K1:1 => Pend K0:0, K0:1, K1:0, K2:0; Que -
 		t.Fatalf("failed to add well priced transaction: %v", err)
@ -1709,6 +1716,10 @@ func TestUnderpricing(t *testing.T) {
 	if err := pool.AddRemote(pricedTransaction(3, 100000, big.NewInt(5), keys[1])); err != nil { // +K1:3 => -K0:1 => Pend K1:0, K2:0; Que K1:2 K1:3
 		t.Fatalf("failed to add well priced transaction: %v", err)
 	}
+	// Ensure that replacing a pending transaction with a future transaction fails
+	if err := pool.AddRemote(pricedTransaction(5, 100000, big.NewInt(6), keys[1])); err != ErrFutureReplacePending {
+		t.Fatalf("adding future replace transaction error mismatch: have %v, want %v", err, ErrFutureReplacePending)
+	}
 	pending, queued = pool.Stats()
 	if pending != 2 {
 		t.Fatalf("pending transactions mismatched: have %d, want %d", pending, 2)
@ -1716,7 +1727,7 @@ func TestUnderpricing(t *testing.T) {
 	if queued != 2 {
 		t.Fatalf("queued transactions mismatched: have %d, want %d", queued, 2)
 	}
-	if err := validateEvents(events, 1); err != nil {
+	if err := validateEvents(events, 2); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("additional event firing failed: %v", err)
 	}
 	if err := validatePoolInternals(pool); err != nil {
@ -1878,11 +1889,11 @@ func TestUnderpricingDynamicFee(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to add well priced transaction: %v", err)
 	}

-	tx = pricedTransaction(2, 100000, big.NewInt(3), keys[1])
+	tx = pricedTransaction(1, 100000, big.NewInt(3), keys[1])
 	if err := pool.AddRemote(tx); err != nil { // +K1:2, -K0:1 => Pend K0:0 K1:0, K2:0; Que K1:2
 		t.Fatalf("failed to add well priced transaction: %v", err)
 	}
-	tx = dynamicFeeTx(3, 100000, big.NewInt(4), big.NewInt(1), keys[1])
+	tx = dynamicFeeTx(2, 100000, big.NewInt(4), big.NewInt(1), keys[1])
 	if err := pool.AddRemote(tx); err != nil { // +K1:3, -K1:0 => Pend K0:0 K2:0; Que K1:2 K1:3
 		t.Fatalf("failed to add well priced transaction: %v", err)
 	}
@ -1893,7 +1904,7 @@ func TestUnderpricingDynamicFee(t *testing.T) {
 	if queued != 2 {
 		t.Fatalf("queued transactions mismatched: have %d, want %d", queued, 2)
 	}
-	if err := validateEvents(events, 1); err != nil {
+	if err := validateEvents(events, 2); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("additional event firing failed: %v", err)
 	}
 	if err := validatePoolInternals(pool); err != nil {
@ -2487,7 +2498,7 @@ func benchmarkBatchInsert(b *testing.B, size int, local bool) {
 	defer pool.Stop()

 	account := crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key.PublicKey)
-	testAddBalance(pool, account, big.NewInt(1000000))
+	testAddBalance(pool, account, big.NewInt(1000000000000000000))

 	batches := make([]types.Transactions, b.N)
 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
--- a/core/types/transaction.go
+++ b/core/types/transaction.go
@ -589,77 +589,6 @@ func (t *TransactionsByPriceAndNonce) Pop() {
 	heap.Pop(&t.heads)
 }

-// Message is a fully derived transaction and implements core.Message
-//
-// NOTE: In a future PR this will be removed.
-type Message struct {
-	to         *common.Address
-	from       common.Address
-	nonce      uint64
-	amount     *big.Int
-	gasLimit   uint64
-	gasPrice   *big.Int
-	gasFeeCap  *big.Int
-	gasTipCap  *big.Int
-	data       []byte
-	accessList AccessList
-	isFake     bool
-	isPre      bool
-}
-
-func NewMessage(from common.Address, to *common.Address, nonce uint64, amount *big.Int, gasLimit uint64, gasPrice, gasFeeCap, gasTipCap *big.Int, data []byte, accessList AccessList, isFake bool, isPre bool) Message {
-	return Message{
-		from:       from,
-		to:         to,
-		nonce:      nonce,
-		amount:     amount,
-		gasLimit:   gasLimit,
-		gasPrice:   gasPrice,
-		gasFeeCap:  gasFeeCap,
-		gasTipCap:  gasTipCap,
-		data:       data,
-		accessList: accessList,
-		isFake:     isFake,
-		isPre:      isPre,
-	}
-}
-
-// AsMessage returns the transaction as a core.Message.
-func (tx *Transaction) AsMessage(s Signer, baseFee *big.Int) (Message, error) {
-	msg := Message{
-		nonce:      tx.Nonce(),
-		gasLimit:   tx.Gas(),
-		gasPrice:   new(big.Int).Set(tx.GasPrice()),
-		gasFeeCap:  new(big.Int).Set(tx.GasFeeCap()),
-		gasTipCap:  new(big.Int).Set(tx.GasTipCap()),
-		to:         tx.To(),
-		amount:     tx.Value(),
-		data:       tx.Data(),
-		accessList: tx.AccessList(),
-		isFake:     false,
-	}
-	// If baseFee provided, set gasPrice to effectiveGasPrice.
-	if baseFee != nil {
-		msg.gasPrice = math.BigMin(msg.gasPrice.Add(msg.gasTipCap, baseFee), msg.gasFeeCap)
-	}
-	var err error
-	msg.from, err = Sender(s, tx)
-	return msg, err
-}
-
-func (m Message) From() common.Address   { return m.from }
-func (m Message) To() *common.Address    { return m.to }
-func (m Message) GasPrice() *big.Int     { return m.gasPrice }
-func (m Message) GasFeeCap() *big.Int    { return m.gasFeeCap }
-func (m Message) GasTipCap() *big.Int    { return m.gasTipCap }
-func (m Message) Value() *big.Int        { return m.amount }
-func (m Message) Gas() uint64            { return m.gasLimit }
-func (m Message) Nonce() uint64          { return m.nonce }
-func (m Message) Data() []byte           { return m.data }
-func (m Message) AccessList() AccessList { return m.accessList }
-func (m Message) IsFake() bool           { return m.isFake }
-func (m Message) IsPre() bool            { return m.isPre }
-
 // copyAddressPtr copies an address.
 func copyAddressPtr(a *common.Address) *common.Address {
 	if a == nil {
--- a/core/vm/contracts.go
+++ b/core/vm/contracts.go
@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto/bls12381"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto/bn256"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
-	big2 "github.com/holiman/big"
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/ripemd160"
 )

@ -378,9 +377,9 @@ func (c *bigModExp) Run(input []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 	}
 	// Retrieve the operands and execute the exponentiation
 	var (
-		base = new(big2.Int).SetBytes(getData(input, 0, baseLen))
-		exp  = new(big2.Int).SetBytes(getData(input, baseLen, expLen))
-		mod  = new(big2.Int).SetBytes(getData(input, baseLen+expLen, modLen))
+		base = new(big.Int).SetBytes(getData(input, 0, baseLen))
+		exp  = new(big.Int).SetBytes(getData(input, baseLen, expLen))
+		mod  = new(big.Int).SetBytes(getData(input, baseLen+expLen, modLen))
 		v    []byte
 	)
 	switch {
--- a/core/vm/gas_table.go
+++ b/core/vm/gas_table.go
@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ func gasSStore(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySi
 	return params.NetSstoreDirtyGas, nil
 }

-// Here come the EIP220 rules:
+// Here come the EIP2200 rules:
 //
 //	(0.) If *gasleft* is less than or equal to 2300, fail the current call.
 //	(1.) If current value equals new value (this is a no-op), SLOAD_GAS is deducted.
--- a/eth/api_backend.go
+++ b/eth/api_backend.go
@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ func (b *EthAPIBackend) GetTd(ctx context.Context, hash common.Hash) *big.Int {
 	return nil
 }

-func (b *EthAPIBackend) GetEVM(ctx context.Context, msg core.Message, state *state.StateDB, header *types.Header, vmConfig *vm.Config) (*vm.EVM, func() error, error) {
+func (b *EthAPIBackend) GetEVM(ctx context.Context, msg *core.Message, state *state.StateDB, header *types.Header, vmConfig *vm.Config) (*vm.EVM, func() error, error) {
 	if vmConfig == nil {
 		vmConfig = b.eth.blockchain.GetVMConfig()
 	}
@ -391,6 +391,6 @@ func (b *EthAPIBackend) StateAtBlock(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, re
 	return b.eth.StateAtBlock(ctx, block, reexec, base, readOnly, preferDisk)
 }

-func (b *EthAPIBackend) StateAtTransaction(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, txIndex int, reexec uint64) (core.Message, vm.BlockContext, *state.StateDB, tracers.StateReleaseFunc, error) {
+func (b *EthAPIBackend) StateAtTransaction(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, txIndex int, reexec uint64) (*core.Message, vm.BlockContext, *state.StateDB, tracers.StateReleaseFunc, error) {
 	return b.eth.stateAtTransaction(ctx, block, txIndex, reexec)
 }
--- a/eth/api_pre_exec.go
+++ b/eth/api_pre_exec.go
@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ type PreExecTx struct {
 type preData struct {
 	block   *types.Block
 	tx      *types.Transaction
-	msg     types.Message
+	msg     *core.Message
 	stateDb *state.StateDB
 	header  *types.Header
 }
@ -69,8 +69,7 @@ func NewPreExecAPI(e *Ethereum) *PreExecAPI {
 	return &PreExecAPI{e: e}
 }

-func (api *PreExecAPI) getBlockAndMsg(origin *PreExecTx, number *big.Int) (*types.Block, types.Message) {
-	fromAddr := common.HexToAddress(origin.From)
+func (api *PreExecAPI) getBlockAndMsg(origin *PreExecTx, header *types.Header) (*types.Block, *core.Message) {
 	toAddr := common.HexToAddress(origin.To)

 	tx := types.NewTx(&types.LegacyTx{
@ -82,23 +81,13 @@ func (api *PreExecAPI) getBlockAndMsg(origin *PreExecTx, number *big.Int) (*type
 		Data:     hexutil.MustDecode(origin.Data),
 	})

-	number.Add(number, big.NewInt(1))
+	number := big.NewInt(header.Number.Int64() + 1)
 	block := types.NewBlock(
 		&types.Header{Number: number},
 		[]*types.Transaction{tx}, nil, nil, newHash())

-	msg := types.NewMessage(
-		fromAddr,
-		&toAddr,
-		hexutil.MustDecodeUint64(origin.Nonce),
-		hexutil.MustDecodeBig(origin.Value),
-		hexutil.MustDecodeUint64(origin.Gas),
-		hexutil.MustDecodeBig(origin.GasPrice),
-		tx.GasFeeCap(),
-		tx.GasTipCap(),
-		hexutil.MustDecode(origin.Data),
-		nil, false, true,
-	)
+	msg, _ := core.TransactionToMessage(tx, types.MakeSigner(api.e.APIBackend.ChainConfig(), header.Number), header.BaseFee)
+	msg.IsPre = true
 	return block, msg
 }

@ -118,7 +107,7 @@ func (api *PreExecAPI) prepareData(ctx context.Context, origin *PreExecTx) (*pre
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	d.block, d.msg = api.getBlockAndMsg(origin, latestNumber)
+	d.block, d.msg = api.getBlockAndMsg(origin, d.header)
 	d.tx = d.block.Transactions()[0]
 	return &d, nil
 }
@ -136,7 +125,7 @@ func (api *PreExecAPI) GetLogs(ctx context.Context, origin *PreExecTx) (*types.R

 	d.stateDb.SetTxContext(d.tx.Hash(), 0)
 	receipt, err := core.ApplyTransactionForPreExec(
-		bc.Config(), bc, nil, gp, d.stateDb, d.header, d.tx, d.msg, &gas, *bc.GetVMConfig())
+		bc.Config(), bc, nil, gp, d.stateDb, d.header, d.tx, &gas, *bc.GetVMConfig())
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@ -167,9 +156,9 @@ func (api *PreExecAPI) TraceTransaction(ctx context.Context, origin *PreExecTx)
 	// Call Prepare to clear out the statedb access list
 	d.stateDb.SetTxContext(d.tx.Hash(), 0)

-	tracer.SetMessage(d.block.Number(), d.block.Hash(), d.tx.Hash(), uint(txIndex), d.msg.From(), d.msg.To(), *d.msg.Value())
+	tracer.SetMessage(d.block.Number(), d.block.Hash(), d.tx.Hash(), uint(txIndex), d.msg.From, d.msg.To, *d.msg.Value)

-	_, err = core.ApplyMessage(vmenv, d.msg, new(core.GasPool).AddGas(d.msg.Gas()))
+	_, err = core.ApplyMessage(vmenv, d.msg, new(core.GasPool).AddGas(d.msg.GasLimit))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("tracing failed: %v", err)
 	}
--- a/eth/state_accessor.go
+++ b/eth/state_accessor.go
@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ func (eth *Ethereum) StateAtBlock(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, reexe
 }

 // stateAtTransaction returns the execution environment of a certain transaction.
-func (eth *Ethereum) stateAtTransaction(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, txIndex int, reexec uint64) (core.Message, vm.BlockContext, *state.StateDB, tracers.StateReleaseFunc, error) {
+func (eth *Ethereum) stateAtTransaction(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, txIndex int, reexec uint64) (*core.Message, vm.BlockContext, *state.StateDB, tracers.StateReleaseFunc, error) {
 	// Short circuit if it's genesis block.
 	if block.NumberU64() == 0 {
 		return nil, vm.BlockContext{}, nil, nil, errors.New("no transaction in genesis")
@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ func (eth *Ethereum) stateAtTransaction(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block,
 	signer := types.MakeSigner(eth.blockchain.Config(), block.Number())
 	for idx, tx := range block.Transactions() {
 		// Assemble the transaction call message and return if the requested offset
-		msg, _ := tx.AsMessage(signer, block.BaseFee())
+		msg, _ := core.TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, block.BaseFee())
 		txContext := core.NewEVMTxContext(msg)
 		context := core.NewEVMBlockContext(block.Header(), eth.blockchain, nil)
 		if idx == txIndex {
--- a/eth/tracers/api.go
+++ b/eth/tracers/api.go
@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ type Backend interface {
 	Engine() consensus.Engine
 	ChainDb() ethdb.Database
 	StateAtBlock(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, reexec uint64, base *state.StateDB, readOnly bool, preferDisk bool) (*state.StateDB, StateReleaseFunc, error)
-	StateAtTransaction(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, txIndex int, reexec uint64) (core.Message, vm.BlockContext, *state.StateDB, StateReleaseFunc, error)
+	StateAtTransaction(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, txIndex int, reexec uint64) (*core.Message, vm.BlockContext, *state.StateDB, StateReleaseFunc, error)
 }

 // API is the collection of tracing APIs exposed over the private debugging endpoint.
@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ func (api *API) traceChain(start, end *types.Block, config *TraceConfig, closed
 				)
 				// Trace all the transactions contained within
 				for i, tx := range task.block.Transactions() {
-					msg, _ := tx.AsMessage(signer, task.block.BaseFee())
+					msg, _ := core.TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, task.block.BaseFee())
 					txctx := &Context{
 						BlockHash:   task.block.Hash(),
 						BlockNumber: task.block.Number(),
@ -554,12 +554,12 @@ func (api *API) IntermediateRoots(ctx context.Context, hash common.Hash, config
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		var (
-			msg, _    = tx.AsMessage(signer, block.BaseFee())
+			msg, _    = core.TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, block.BaseFee())
 			txContext = core.NewEVMTxContext(msg)
 			vmenv     = vm.NewEVM(vmctx, txContext, statedb, chainConfig, vm.Config{})
 		)
 		statedb.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), i)
-		if _, err := core.ApplyMessage(vmenv, msg, new(core.GasPool).AddGas(msg.Gas())); err != nil {
+		if _, err := core.ApplyMessage(vmenv, msg, new(core.GasPool).AddGas(msg.GasLimit)); err != nil {
 			log.Warn("Tracing intermediate roots did not complete", "txindex", i, "txhash", tx.Hash(), "err", err)
 			// We intentionally don't return the error here: if we do, then the RPC server will not
 			// return the roots. Most likely, the caller already knows that a certain transaction fails to
@ -628,7 +628,7 @@ func (api *API) traceBlock(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, config *Trac
 	)
 	for i, tx := range txs {
 		// Generate the next state snapshot fast without tracing
-		msg, _ := tx.AsMessage(signer, block.BaseFee())
+		msg, _ := core.TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, block.BaseFee())
 		txctx := &Context{
 			BlockHash:   blockHash,
 			BlockNumber: block.Number(),
@ -671,7 +671,7 @@ func (api *API) traceBlockParallel(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, stat
 			defer pend.Done()
 			// Fetch and execute the next transaction trace tasks
 			for task := range jobs {
-				msg, _ := txs[task.index].AsMessage(signer, block.BaseFee())
+				msg, _ := core.TransactionToMessage(txs[task.index], signer, block.BaseFee())
 				txctx := &Context{
 					BlockHash:   blockHash,
 					BlockNumber: block.Number(),
@ -702,10 +702,10 @@ txloop:
 		}

 		// Generate the next state snapshot fast without tracing
-		msg, _ := tx.AsMessage(signer, block.BaseFee())
+		msg, _ := core.TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, block.BaseFee())
 		statedb.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), i)
 		vmenv := vm.NewEVM(blockCtx, core.NewEVMTxContext(msg), statedb, api.backend.ChainConfig(), vm.Config{})
-		if _, err := core.ApplyMessage(vmenv, msg, new(core.GasPool).AddGas(msg.Gas())); err != nil {
+		if _, err := core.ApplyMessage(vmenv, msg, new(core.GasPool).AddGas(msg.GasLimit)); err != nil {
 			failed = err
 			break txloop
 		}
@ -782,7 +782,7 @@ func (api *API) standardTraceBlockToFile(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block
 	for i, tx := range block.Transactions() {
 		// Prepare the transaction for un-traced execution
 		var (
-			msg, _    = tx.AsMessage(signer, block.BaseFee())
+			msg, _    = core.TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, block.BaseFee())
 			txContext = core.NewEVMTxContext(msg)
 			vmConf    vm.Config
 			dump      *os.File
@ -813,7 +813,7 @@ func (api *API) standardTraceBlockToFile(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block
 		// Execute the transaction and flush any traces to disk
 		vmenv := vm.NewEVM(vmctx, txContext, statedb, chainConfig, vmConf)
 		statedb.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), i)
-		_, err = core.ApplyMessage(vmenv, msg, new(core.GasPool).AddGas(msg.Gas()))
+		_, err = core.ApplyMessage(vmenv, msg, new(core.GasPool).AddGas(msg.GasLimit))
 		if writer != nil {
 			writer.Flush()
 		}
@ -947,7 +947,7 @@ func (api *API) TraceCall(ctx context.Context, args ethapi.TransactionArgs, bloc
 // traceTx configures a new tracer according to the provided configuration, and
 // executes the given message in the provided environment. The return value will
 // be tracer dependent.
-func (api *API) traceTx(ctx context.Context, message core.Message, txctx *Context, vmctx vm.BlockContext, statedb *state.StateDB, config *TraceConfig) (interface{}, error) {
+func (api *API) traceTx(ctx context.Context, message *core.Message, txctx *Context, vmctx vm.BlockContext, statedb *state.StateDB, config *TraceConfig) (interface{}, error) {
 	var (
 		tracer    Tracer
 		err       error
@ -986,7 +986,7 @@ func (api *API) traceTx(ctx context.Context, message core.Message, txctx *Contex

 	// Call Prepare to clear out the statedb access list
 	statedb.SetTxContext(txctx.TxHash, txctx.TxIndex)
-	if _, err = core.ApplyMessage(vmenv, message, new(core.GasPool).AddGas(message.Gas())); err != nil {
+	if _, err = core.ApplyMessage(vmenv, message, new(core.GasPool).AddGas(message.GasLimit)); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("tracing failed: %w", err)
 	}
 	return tracer.GetResult()
--- a/eth/tracers/api_test.go
+++ b/eth/tracers/api_test.go
@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ func (b *testBackend) StateAtBlock(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, reex
 	return statedb, release, nil
 }

-func (b *testBackend) StateAtTransaction(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, txIndex int, reexec uint64) (core.Message, vm.BlockContext, *state.StateDB, StateReleaseFunc, error) {
+func (b *testBackend) StateAtTransaction(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, txIndex int, reexec uint64) (*core.Message, vm.BlockContext, *state.StateDB, StateReleaseFunc, error) {
 	parent := b.chain.GetBlock(block.ParentHash(), block.NumberU64()-1)
 	if parent == nil {
 		return nil, vm.BlockContext{}, nil, nil, errBlockNotFound
@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ func (b *testBackend) StateAtTransaction(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block
 	// Recompute transactions up to the target index.
 	signer := types.MakeSigner(b.chainConfig, block.Number())
 	for idx, tx := range block.Transactions() {
-		msg, _ := tx.AsMessage(signer, block.BaseFee())
+		msg, _ := core.TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, block.BaseFee())
 		txContext := core.NewEVMTxContext(msg)
 		context := core.NewEVMBlockContext(block.Header(), b.chain, nil)
 		if idx == txIndex {
--- a/eth/tracers/internal/tracetest/calltrace_test.go
+++ b/eth/tracers/internal/tracetest/calltrace_test.go
@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ func testCallTracer(tracerName string, dirPath string, t *testing.T) {
 				t.Fatalf("failed to create call tracer: %v", err)
 			}
 			evm := vm.NewEVM(context, txContext, statedb, test.Genesis.Config, vm.Config{Debug: true, Tracer: tracer})
-			msg, err := tx.AsMessage(signer, nil)
+			msg, err := core.TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, nil)
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("failed to prepare transaction for tracing: %v", err)
 			}
@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ func benchTracer(tracerName string, test *callTracerTest, b *testing.B) {
 		b.Fatalf("failed to parse testcase input: %v", err)
 	}
 	signer := types.MakeSigner(test.Genesis.Config, new(big.Int).SetUint64(uint64(test.Context.Number)))
-	msg, err := tx.AsMessage(signer, nil)
+	msg, err := core.TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		b.Fatalf("failed to prepare transaction for tracing: %v", err)
 	}
@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ func TestZeroValueToNotExitCall(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create call tracer: %v", err)
 	}
 	evm := vm.NewEVM(context, txContext, statedb, params.MainnetChainConfig, vm.Config{Debug: true, Tracer: tracer})
-	msg, err := tx.AsMessage(signer, nil)
+	msg, err := core.TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to prepare transaction for tracing: %v", err)
 	}
--- a/eth/tracers/internal/tracetest/flat_calltrace_test.go
+++ b/eth/tracers/internal/tracetest/flat_calltrace_test.go
@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ func flatCallTracerTestRunner(tracerName string, filename string, dirPath string
 	}
 	evm := vm.NewEVM(context, txContext, statedb, test.Genesis.Config, vm.Config{Debug: true, Tracer: tracer})

-	msg, err := tx.AsMessage(signer, nil)
+	msg, err := core.TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to prepare transaction for tracing: %v", err)
 	}
--- a/eth/tracers/internal/tracetest/prestate_test.go
+++ b/eth/tracers/internal/tracetest/prestate_test.go
@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ func testPrestateDiffTracer(tracerName string, dirPath string, t *testing.T) {
 				t.Fatalf("failed to create call tracer: %v", err)
 			}
 			evm := vm.NewEVM(context, txContext, statedb, test.Genesis.Config, vm.Config{Debug: true, Tracer: tracer})
-			msg, err := tx.AsMessage(signer, nil)
+			msg, err := core.TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, nil)
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("failed to prepare transaction for tracing: %v", err)
 			}
--- a/eth/tracers/tracers_test.go
+++ b/eth/tracers/tracers_test.go
@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ func BenchmarkTransactionTrace(b *testing.B) {
 		//EnableReturnData: false,
 	})
 	evm := vm.NewEVM(context, txContext, statedb, params.AllEthashProtocolChanges, vm.Config{Debug: true, Tracer: tracer})
-	msg, err := tx.AsMessage(signer, nil)
+	msg, err := core.TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		b.Fatalf("failed to prepare transaction for tracing: %v", err)
 	}
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.4.2
 	github.com/graph-gophers/graphql-go v1.3.0
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-bexpr v0.1.10
-	github.com/holiman/big v0.0.0-20221017200358-a027dc42d04e
 	github.com/holiman/bloomfilter/v2 v2.0.3
 	github.com/holiman/uint256 v1.2.0
 	github.com/huin/goupnp v1.0.3
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@ -300,8 +300,6 @@ github.com/hashicorp/go-version v1.2.0/go.mod h1:fltr4n8CU8Ke44wwGCBoEymUuxUHl09
 github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru v0.5.0/go.mod h1:/m3WP610KZHVQ1SGc6re/UDhFvYD7pJ4Ao+sR/qLZy8=
 github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru v0.5.1/go.mod h1:/m3WP610KZHVQ1SGc6re/UDhFvYD7pJ4Ao+sR/qLZy8=
 github.com/hashicorp/hcl v1.0.0/go.mod h1:E5yfLk+7swimpb2L/Alb/PJmXilQ/rhwaUYs4T20WEQ=
-github.com/holiman/big v0.0.0-20221017200358-a027dc42d04e h1:pIYdhNkDh+YENVNi3gto8n9hAmRxKxoar0iE6BLucjw=
-github.com/holiman/big v0.0.0-20221017200358-a027dc42d04e/go.mod h1:j9cQbcqHQujT0oKJ38PylVfqohClLr3CvDC+Qcg+lhU=
 github.com/holiman/bloomfilter/v2 v2.0.3 h1:73e0e/V0tCydx14a0SCYS/EWCxgwLZ18CZcZKVu0fao=
 github.com/holiman/bloomfilter/v2 v2.0.3/go.mod h1:zpoh+gs7qcpqrHr3dB55AMiJwo0iURXE7ZOP9L9hSkA=
 github.com/holiman/uint256 v1.2.0 h1:gpSYcPLWGv4sG43I2mVLiDZCNDh/EpGjSk8tmtxitHM=
--- a/internal/ethapi/api.go
+++ b/internal/ethapi/api.go
@ -1011,7 +1011,7 @@ func DoCall(ctx context.Context, b Backend, args TransactionArgs, blockNrOrHash
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("execution aborted (timeout = %v)", timeout)
 	}
 	if err != nil {
-		return result, fmt.Errorf("err: %w (supplied gas %d)", err, msg.Gas())
+		return result, fmt.Errorf("err: %w (supplied gas %d)", err, msg.GasLimit)
 	}
 	return result, nil
 }
@ -1484,7 +1484,7 @@ func AccessList(ctx context.Context, b Backend, blockNrOrHash rpc.BlockNumberOrH
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, 0, nil, err
 		}
-		res, err := core.ApplyMessage(vmenv, msg, new(core.GasPool).AddGas(msg.Gas()))
+		res, err := core.ApplyMessage(vmenv, msg, new(core.GasPool).AddGas(msg.GasLimit))
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, 0, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to apply transaction: %v err: %v", args.toTransaction().Hash(), err)
 		}
--- a/internal/ethapi/api_multicall.go
+++ b/internal/ethapi/api_multicall.go
@ -142,8 +142,8 @@ func ethCallCacheKey(b Backend, blockHash common.Hash, to *common.Address, input
 	return sb.String()
 }

-func handleNative(ctx context.Context, state *state.StateDB, msg types.Message) ([]byte, int, error) {
-	data := msg.Data()
+func handleNative(ctx context.Context, state *state.StateDB, msg *core.Message) ([]byte, int, error) {
+	data := msg.Data
 	method, err := erc20ABI.MethodById(data)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errNativeMethodNotFound, err
@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ func doOneCall(ctx context.Context, b Backend, state *state.StateDB, header *typ
 	}

 	// skip EVM if requests for native token
-	if strings.ToLower(msg.To().Hex()) == nativeAddr {
+	if strings.ToLower(msg.To.Hex()) == nativeAddr {
 		res, code, err := handleNative(ctx, state, msg)
 		if err != nil {
 			result.Code = code
--- a/internal/ethapi/backend.go
+++ b/internal/ethapi/backend.go
@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ type Backend interface {
 	PendingBlockAndReceipts() (*types.Block, types.Receipts)
 	GetReceipts(ctx context.Context, hash common.Hash) (types.Receipts, error)
 	GetTd(ctx context.Context, hash common.Hash) *big.Int
-	GetEVM(ctx context.Context, msg core.Message, state *state.StateDB, header *types.Header, vmConfig *vm.Config) (*vm.EVM, func() error, error)
+	GetEVM(ctx context.Context, msg *core.Message, state *state.StateDB, header *types.Header, vmConfig *vm.Config) (*vm.EVM, func() error, error)
 	SubscribeChainEvent(ch chan<- core.ChainEvent) event.Subscription
 	SubscribeChainHeadEvent(ch chan<- core.ChainHeadEvent) event.Subscription
 	SubscribeChainSideEvent(ch chan<- core.ChainSideEvent) event.Subscription
--- a/internal/ethapi/transaction_args.go
+++ b/internal/ethapi/transaction_args.go
@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/math"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc"
@ -199,10 +200,10 @@ func (args *TransactionArgs) setLondonFeeDefaults(ctx context.Context, head *typ
 // ToMessage converts the transaction arguments to the Message type used by the
 // core evm. This method is used in calls and traces that do not require a real
 // live transaction.
-func (args *TransactionArgs) ToMessage(globalGasCap uint64, baseFee *big.Int) (types.Message, error) {
+func (args *TransactionArgs) ToMessage(globalGasCap uint64, baseFee *big.Int) (*core.Message, error) {
 	// Reject invalid combinations of pre- and post-1559 fee styles
 	if args.GasPrice != nil && (args.MaxFeePerGas != nil || args.MaxPriorityFeePerGas != nil) {
-		return types.Message{}, errors.New("both gasPrice and (maxFeePerGas or maxPriorityFeePerGas) specified")
+		return nil, errors.New("both gasPrice and (maxFeePerGas or maxPriorityFeePerGas) specified")
 	}
 	// Set sender address or use zero address if none specified.
 	addr := args.from()
@ -263,7 +264,18 @@ func (args *TransactionArgs) ToMessage(globalGasCap uint64, baseFee *big.Int) (t
 	if args.AccessList != nil {
 		accessList = *args.AccessList
 	}
-	msg := types.NewMessage(addr, args.To, 0, value, gas, gasPrice, gasFeeCap, gasTipCap, data, accessList, true, false)
+	msg := &core.Message{
+		From:              addr,
+		To:                args.To,
+		Value:             value,
+		GasLimit:          gas,
+		GasPrice:          gasPrice,
+		GasFeeCap:         gasFeeCap,
+		GasTipCap:         gasTipCap,
+		Data:              data,
+		AccessList:        accessList,
+		SkipAccountChecks: true,
+	}
 	return msg, nil
 }

--- a/internal/ethapi/transaction_args_test.go
+++ b/internal/ethapi/transaction_args_test.go
@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ func (b *backendMock) GetLogs(ctx context.Context, blockHash common.Hash, number
 	return nil, nil
 }
 func (b *backendMock) GetTd(ctx context.Context, hash common.Hash) *big.Int { return nil }
-func (b *backendMock) GetEVM(ctx context.Context, msg core.Message, state *state.StateDB, header *types.Header, vmConfig *vm.Config) (*vm.EVM, func() error, error) {
+func (b *backendMock) GetEVM(ctx context.Context, msg *core.Message, state *state.StateDB, header *types.Header, vmConfig *vm.Config) (*vm.EVM, func() error, error) {
 	return nil, nil, nil
 }
 func (b *backendMock) SubscribeChainEvent(ch chan<- core.ChainEvent) event.Subscription { return nil }
--- a/les/api_backend.go
+++ b/les/api_backend.go
@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ func (b *LesApiBackend) GetTd(ctx context.Context, hash common.Hash) *big.Int {
 	return nil
 }

-func (b *LesApiBackend) GetEVM(ctx context.Context, msg core.Message, state *state.StateDB, header *types.Header, vmConfig *vm.Config) (*vm.EVM, func() error, error) {
+func (b *LesApiBackend) GetEVM(ctx context.Context, msg *core.Message, state *state.StateDB, header *types.Header, vmConfig *vm.Config) (*vm.EVM, func() error, error) {
 	if vmConfig == nil {
 		vmConfig = new(vm.Config)
 	}
@ -336,6 +336,6 @@ func (b *LesApiBackend) StateAtBlock(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, re
 	return b.eth.stateAtBlock(ctx, block, reexec)
 }

-func (b *LesApiBackend) StateAtTransaction(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, txIndex int, reexec uint64) (core.Message, vm.BlockContext, *state.StateDB, tracers.StateReleaseFunc, error) {
+func (b *LesApiBackend) StateAtTransaction(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, txIndex int, reexec uint64) (*core.Message, vm.BlockContext, *state.StateDB, tracers.StateReleaseFunc, error) {
 	return b.eth.stateAtTransaction(ctx, block, txIndex, reexec)
 }
--- a/les/odr_test.go
+++ b/les/odr_test.go
@ -116,12 +116,6 @@ func TestOdrContractCallLes2(t *testing.T) { testOdr(t, 2, 2, true, odrContractC
 func TestOdrContractCallLes3(t *testing.T) { testOdr(t, 3, 2, true, odrContractCall) }
 func TestOdrContractCallLes4(t *testing.T) { testOdr(t, 4, 2, true, odrContractCall) }

-type callmsg struct {
-	types.Message
-}
-
-func (callmsg) CheckNonce() bool { return false }
-
 func odrContractCall(ctx context.Context, db ethdb.Database, config *params.ChainConfig, bc *core.BlockChain, lc *light.LightChain, bhash common.Hash) []byte {
 	data := common.Hex2Bytes("60CD26850000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000")

@ -136,7 +130,17 @@ func odrContractCall(ctx context.Context, db ethdb.Database, config *params.Chai
 				from := statedb.GetOrNewStateObject(bankAddr)
 				from.SetBalance(math.MaxBig256)

-				msg := callmsg{types.NewMessage(from.Address(), &testContractAddr, 0, new(big.Int), 100000, big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee), big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee), new(big.Int), data, nil, true, false)}
+				msg := &core.Message{
+					From:              from.Address(),
+					To:                &testContractAddr,
+					Value:             new(big.Int),
+					GasLimit:          100000,
+					GasPrice:          big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee),
+					GasFeeCap:         big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee),
+					GasTipCap:         new(big.Int),
+					Data:              data,
+					SkipAccountChecks: true,
+				}

 				context := core.NewEVMBlockContext(header, bc, nil)
 				txContext := core.NewEVMTxContext(msg)
@ -151,7 +155,17 @@ func odrContractCall(ctx context.Context, db ethdb.Database, config *params.Chai
 			header := lc.GetHeaderByHash(bhash)
 			state := light.NewState(ctx, header, lc.Odr())
 			state.SetBalance(bankAddr, math.MaxBig256)
-			msg := callmsg{types.NewMessage(bankAddr, &testContractAddr, 0, new(big.Int), 100000, big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee), big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee), new(big.Int), data, nil, true, false)}
+			msg := &core.Message{
+				From:              bankAddr,
+				To:                &testContractAddr,
+				Value:             new(big.Int),
+				GasLimit:          100000,
+				GasPrice:          big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee),
+				GasFeeCap:         big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee),
+				GasTipCap:         new(big.Int),
+				Data:              data,
+				SkipAccountChecks: true,
+			}
 			context := core.NewEVMBlockContext(header, lc, nil)
 			txContext := core.NewEVMTxContext(msg)
 			vmenv := vm.NewEVM(context, txContext, state, config, vm.Config{NoBaseFee: true})
--- a/les/state_accessor.go
+++ b/les/state_accessor.go
@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ func (leth *LightEthereum) stateAtBlock(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block,
 }

 // stateAtTransaction returns the execution environment of a certain transaction.
-func (leth *LightEthereum) stateAtTransaction(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, txIndex int, reexec uint64) (core.Message, vm.BlockContext, *state.StateDB, tracers.StateReleaseFunc, error) {
+func (leth *LightEthereum) stateAtTransaction(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, txIndex int, reexec uint64) (*core.Message, vm.BlockContext, *state.StateDB, tracers.StateReleaseFunc, error) {
 	// Short circuit if it's genesis block.
 	if block.NumberU64() == 0 {
 		return nil, vm.BlockContext{}, nil, nil, errors.New("no transaction in genesis")
@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ func (leth *LightEthereum) stateAtTransaction(ctx context.Context, block *types.
 	signer := types.MakeSigner(leth.blockchain.Config(), block.Number())
 	for idx, tx := range block.Transactions() {
 		// Assemble the transaction call message and return if the requested offset
-		msg, _ := tx.AsMessage(signer, block.BaseFee())
+		msg, _ := core.TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, block.BaseFee())
 		txContext := core.NewEVMTxContext(msg)
 		context := core.NewEVMBlockContext(block.Header(), leth.blockchain, nil)
 		statedb.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), idx)
--- a/light/odr_test.go
+++ b/light/odr_test.go
@ -174,12 +174,6 @@ func odrAccounts(ctx context.Context, db ethdb.Database, bc *core.BlockChain, lc

 func TestOdrContractCallLes2(t *testing.T) { testChainOdr(t, 1, odrContractCall) }

-type callmsg struct {
-	types.Message
-}
-
-func (callmsg) CheckNonce() bool { return false }
-
 func odrContractCall(ctx context.Context, db ethdb.Database, bc *core.BlockChain, lc *LightChain, bhash common.Hash) ([]byte, error) {
 	data := common.Hex2Bytes("60CD26850000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000")
 	config := params.TestChainConfig
@ -205,7 +199,17 @@ func odrContractCall(ctx context.Context, db ethdb.Database, bc *core.BlockChain

 		// Perform read-only call.
 		st.SetBalance(testBankAddress, math.MaxBig256)
-		msg := callmsg{types.NewMessage(testBankAddress, &testContractAddr, 0, new(big.Int), 1000000, big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee), big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee), new(big.Int), data, nil, true, false)}
+		msg := &core.Message{
+			From:              testBankAddress,
+			To:                &testContractAddr,
+			Value:             new(big.Int),
+			GasLimit:          1000000,
+			GasPrice:          big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee),
+			GasFeeCap:         big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee),
+			GasTipCap:         new(big.Int),
+			Data:              data,
+			SkipAccountChecks: true,
+		}
 		txContext := core.NewEVMTxContext(msg)
 		context := core.NewEVMBlockContext(header, chain, nil)
 		vmenv := vm.NewEVM(context, txContext, st, config, vm.Config{NoBaseFee: true})
--- a/oss-fuzz.sh
+++ b/oss-fuzz.sh
@ -125,7 +125,5 @@ compile_fuzzer tests/fuzzers/snap  FuzzSRange fuzz_storage_range
 compile_fuzzer tests/fuzzers/snap  FuzzByteCodes fuzz_byte_codes
 compile_fuzzer tests/fuzzers/snap  FuzzTrieNodes fuzz_trie_nodes

-compile_fuzzer tests/fuzzers/modexp  Fuzz fuzzModexp
-
 #TODO: move this to tests/fuzzers, if possible
 compile_fuzzer crypto/blake2b  Fuzz      fuzzBlake2b
--- a/p2p/server.go
+++ b/p2p/server.go
@ -1057,7 +1057,7 @@ func (srv *Server) runPeer(p *Peer) {
 	// Broadcast peer drop to external subscribers. This needs to be
 	// after the send to delpeer so subscribers have a consistent view of
 	// the peer set (i.e. Server.Peers() doesn't include the peer when the
-	// event is received.
+	// event is received).
 	srv.peerFeed.Send(&PeerEvent{
 		Type:          PeerEventTypeDrop,
 		Peer:          p.ID(),
--- a/params/bootnodes.go
+++ b/params/bootnodes.go
@ -24,10 +24,6 @@ var MainnetBootnodes = []string{
 	// Ethereum Foundation Go Bootnodes
 	"enode://d860a01f9722d78051619d1e2351aba3f43f943f6f00718d1b9baa4101932a1f5011f16bb2b1bb35db20d6fe28fa0bf09636d26a87d31de9ec6203eeedb1f666@18.138.108.67:30303", // bootnode-aws-ap-southeast-1-001
 	"enode://22a8232c3abc76a16ae9d6c3b164f98775fe226f0917b0ca871128a74a8e9630b458460865bab457221f1d448dd9791d24c4e5d88786180ac185df813a68d4de@3.209.45.79:30303",   // bootnode-aws-us-east-1-001
-	"enode://8499da03c47d637b20eee24eec3c356c9a2e6148d6fe25ca195c7949ab8ec2c03e3556126b0d7ed644675e78c4318b08691b7b57de10e5f0d40d05b09238fa0a@52.187.207.27:30303",   // bootnode-azure-australiaeast-001
-	"enode://103858bdb88756c71f15e9b5e09b56dc1be52f0a5021d46301dbbfb7e130029cc9d0d6f73f693bc29b665770fff7da4d34f3c6379fe12721b5d7a0bcb5ca1fc1@191.234.162.198:30303", // bootnode-azure-brazilsouth-001
-	"enode://715171f50508aba88aecd1250af392a45a330af91d7b90701c436b618c86aaa1589c9184561907bebbb56439b8f8787bc01f49a7c77276c58c1b09822d75e8e8@52.231.165.108:30303",  // bootnode-azure-koreasouth-001
-	"enode://5d6d7cd20d6da4bb83a1d28cadb5d409b64edf314c0335df658c1a54e32c7c4a7ab7823d57c39b6a757556e68ff1df17c748b698544a55cb488b52479a92b60f@104.42.217.25:30303",   // bootnode-azure-westus-001
 	"enode://2b252ab6a1d0f971d9722cb839a42cb81db019ba44c08754628ab4a823487071b5695317c8ccd085219c3a03af063495b2f1da8d18218da2d6a82981b45e6ffc@65.108.70.101:30303", // bootnode-hetzner-hel
 	"enode://4aeb4ab6c14b23e2c4cfdce879c04b0748a20d8e9b59e25ded2a08143e265c6c25936e74cbc8e641e3312ca288673d91f2f93f8e277de3cfa444ecdaaf982052@157.90.35.166:30303", // bootnode-hetzner-fsn
 }
--- a/params/version.go
+++ b/params/version.go
@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ var (
 const (
 	VersionMajor = 1        // Major version component of the current release
 	VersionMinor = 11       // Minor version component of the current release
-	VersionPatch = 3        // Patch version component of the current release
+	VersionPatch = 4        // Patch version component of the current release
 	VersionMeta  = "stable" // Version metadata to append to the version string
 )

--- a/signer/core/apitypes/types.go
+++ b/signer/core/apitypes/types.go
@ -742,113 +742,31 @@ func isPrimitiveTypeValid(primitiveType string) bool {
 		primitiveType == "bool" ||
 		primitiveType == "bool[]" ||
 		primitiveType == "string" ||
-		primitiveType == "string[]" {
-		return true
-	}
-	if primitiveType == "bytes" ||
+		primitiveType == "string[]" ||
+		primitiveType == "bytes" ||
 		primitiveType == "bytes[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes1" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes1[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes2" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes2[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes3" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes3[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes4" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes4[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes5" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes5[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes6" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes6[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes7" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes7[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes8" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes8[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes9" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes9[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes10" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes10[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes11" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes11[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes12" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes12[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes13" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes13[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes14" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes14[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes15" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes15[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes16" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes16[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes17" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes17[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes18" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes18[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes19" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes19[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes20" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes20[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes21" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes21[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes22" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes22[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes23" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes23[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes24" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes24[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes25" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes25[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes26" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes26[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes27" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes27[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes28" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes28[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes29" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes29[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes30" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes30[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes31" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes31[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes32" ||
-		primitiveType == "bytes32[]" {
-		return true
-	}
-	if primitiveType == "int" ||
+		primitiveType == "int" ||
 		primitiveType == "int[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "int8" ||
-		primitiveType == "int8[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "int16" ||
-		primitiveType == "int16[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "int32" ||
-		primitiveType == "int32[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "int64" ||
-		primitiveType == "int64[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "int96" ||
-		primitiveType == "int96[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "int128" ||
-		primitiveType == "int128[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "int256" ||
-		primitiveType == "int256[]" {
+		primitiveType == "uint" ||
+		primitiveType == "uint[]" {
 		return true
 	}
-	if primitiveType == "uint" ||
-		primitiveType == "uint[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "uint8" ||
-		primitiveType == "uint8[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "uint16" ||
-		primitiveType == "uint16[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "uint32" ||
-		primitiveType == "uint32[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "uint64" ||
-		primitiveType == "uint64[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "uint96" ||
-		primitiveType == "uint96[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "uint128" ||
-		primitiveType == "uint128[]" ||
-		primitiveType == "uint256" ||
-		primitiveType == "uint256[]" {
+	// For 'bytesN', 'bytesN[]', we allow N from 1 to 32
+	for n := 1; n <= 32; n++ {
+		// e.g. 'bytes28' or 'bytes28[]'
+		if primitiveType == fmt.Sprintf("bytes%d", n) || primitiveType == fmt.Sprintf("bytes%d[]", n) {
 			return true
 		}
+	}
+	// For 'intN','intN[]' and 'uintN','uintN[]' we allow N in increments of 8, from 8 up to 256
+	for n := 8; n <= 256; n += 8 {
+		if primitiveType == fmt.Sprintf("int%d", n) || primitiveType == fmt.Sprintf("int%d[]", n) {
+			return true
+		}
+		if primitiveType == fmt.Sprintf("uint%d", n) || primitiveType == fmt.Sprintf("uint%d[]", n) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
 	return false
 }

--- a/signer/core/apitypes/types_test.go
+++ b/signer/core/apitypes/types_test.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2020 The go-ethereum Authors
+// Copyright 2023 The go-ethereum Authors
 // This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
 //
 // The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@ -14,27 +14,27 @@
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 // along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

-package main
+package apitypes

-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
+import "testing"

-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/tests/fuzzers/modexp"
-)
-
-func main() {
-	if len(os.Args) != 2 {
-		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Usage: debug <file>\n")
-		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Example\n")
-		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "	$ debug ../crashers/4bbef6857c733a87ecf6fd8b9e7238f65eb9862a\n")
-		os.Exit(1)
+func TestIsPrimitive(t *testing.T) {
+	// Expected positives
+	for i, tc := range []string{
+		"int24", "int24[]", "uint88", "uint88[]", "uint", "uint[]", "int256", "int256[]",
+		"uint96", "uint96[]", "int96", "int96[]", "bytes17[]", "bytes17",
+	} {
+		if !isPrimitiveTypeValid(tc) {
+			t.Errorf("test %d: expected '%v' to be a valid primitive", i, tc)
+		}
+	}
+	// Expected negatives
+	for i, tc := range []string{
+		"int257", "int257[]", "uint88 ", "uint88 []", "uint257", "uint-1[]",
+		"uint0", "uint0[]", "int95", "int95[]", "uint1", "uint1[]", "bytes33[]", "bytess",
+	} {
+		if isPrimitiveTypeValid(tc) {
+			t.Errorf("test %d: expected '%v' to not be a valid primitive", i, tc)
 		}
-	crasher := os.Args[1]
-	data, err := os.ReadFile(crasher)
-	if err != nil {
-		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "error loading crasher %v: %v", crasher, err)
-		os.Exit(1)
 	}
-	modexp.Fuzz(data)
 }
--- a/tests/fuzzers/modexp/modexp-fuzzer.go
+++ b/tests/fuzzers/modexp/modexp-fuzzer.go
@ -1,90 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2022 The go-ethereum Authors
-// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
-//
-// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
-// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-// (at your option) any later version.
-//
-// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
-// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
-//
-// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
-// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-package modexp
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"math/big"
-
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
-	big2 "github.com/holiman/big"
-)
-
-// Fuzz is the fuzzing entry-point.
-// The function must return
-//
-//   - 1 if the fuzzer should increase priority of the
-//     given input during subsequent fuzzing (for example, the input is lexically
-//     correct and was parsed successfully);
-//   - -1 if the input must not be added to corpus even if gives new coverage; and
-//   - 0 otherwise
-//
-// other values are reserved for future use.
-func Fuzz(input []byte) int {
-	if len(input) <= 96 {
-		return -1
-	}
-	// Abort on too expensive inputs
-	precomp := vm.PrecompiledContractsBerlin[common.BytesToAddress([]byte{5})]
-	if gas := precomp.RequiredGas(input); gas > 40_000_000 {
-		return 0
-	}
-	var (
-		baseLen = new(big.Int).SetBytes(getData(input, 0, 32)).Uint64()
-		expLen  = new(big.Int).SetBytes(getData(input, 32, 32)).Uint64()
-		modLen  = new(big.Int).SetBytes(getData(input, 64, 32)).Uint64()
-	)
-	// Handle a special case when both the base and mod length is zero
-	if baseLen == 0 && modLen == 0 {
-		return -1
-	}
-	input = input[96:]
-	// Retrieve the operands and execute the exponentiation
-	var (
-		base  = new(big.Int).SetBytes(getData(input, 0, baseLen))
-		exp   = new(big.Int).SetBytes(getData(input, baseLen, expLen))
-		mod   = new(big.Int).SetBytes(getData(input, baseLen+expLen, modLen))
-		base2 = new(big2.Int).SetBytes(getData(input, 0, baseLen))
-		exp2  = new(big2.Int).SetBytes(getData(input, baseLen, expLen))
-		mod2  = new(big2.Int).SetBytes(getData(input, baseLen+expLen, modLen))
-	)
-	if mod.BitLen() == 0 {
-		// Modulo 0 is undefined, return zero
-		return -1
-	}
-	var a = new(big2.Int).Exp(base2, exp2, mod2).String()
-	var b = new(big.Int).Exp(base, exp, mod).String()
-	if a != b {
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("Inequality %#x ^ %#x mod %#x \n have %s\n want %s", base, exp, mod, a, b))
-	}
-	return 1
-}
-
-// getData returns a slice from the data based on the start and size and pads
-// up to size with zero's. This function is overflow safe.
-func getData(data []byte, start uint64, size uint64) []byte {
-	length := uint64(len(data))
-	if start > length {
-		start = length
-	}
-	end := start + size
-	if end > length {
-		end = length
-	}
-	return common.RightPadBytes(data[start:end], int(size))
-}
--- a/tests/state_test.go
+++ b/tests/state_test.go
@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ func runBenchmark(b *testing.B, t *StateTest) {
 			evm := vm.NewEVM(context, txContext, statedb, config, vmconfig)

 			// Create "contract" for sender to cache code analysis.
-			sender := vm.NewContract(vm.AccountRef(msg.From()), vm.AccountRef(msg.From()),
+			sender := vm.NewContract(vm.AccountRef(msg.From), vm.AccountRef(msg.From),
 				nil, 0)

 			var (
@ -239,12 +239,12 @@ func runBenchmark(b *testing.B, t *StateTest) {
 			b.ResetTimer()
 			for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
 				snapshot := statedb.Snapshot()
-				statedb.Prepare(rules, msg.From(), context.Coinbase, msg.To(), vm.ActivePrecompiles(rules), msg.AccessList())
+				statedb.Prepare(rules, msg.From, context.Coinbase, msg.To, vm.ActivePrecompiles(rules), msg.AccessList)
 				b.StartTimer()
 				start := time.Now()

 				// Execute the message.
-				_, leftOverGas, err := evm.Call(sender, *msg.To(), msg.Data(), msg.Gas(), msg.Value())
+				_, leftOverGas, err := evm.Call(sender, *msg.To, msg.Data, msg.GasLimit, msg.Value)
 				if err != nil {
 					b.Error(err)
 					return
@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ func runBenchmark(b *testing.B, t *StateTest) {
 				b.StopTimer()
 				elapsed += uint64(time.Since(start))
 				refund += statedb.GetRefund()
-				gasUsed += msg.Gas() - leftOverGas
+				gasUsed += msg.GasLimit - leftOverGas

 				statedb.RevertToSnapshot(snapshot)
 			}
--- a/tests/state_test_util.go
+++ b/tests/state_test_util.go
@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ func (t *StateTest) genesis(config *params.ChainConfig) *core.Genesis {
 	return genesis
 }

-func (tx *stTransaction) toMessage(ps stPostState, baseFee *big.Int) (core.Message, error) {
+func (tx *stTransaction) toMessage(ps stPostState, baseFee *big.Int) (*core.Message, error) {
 	// Derive sender from private key if present.
 	var from common.Address
 	if len(tx.PrivateKey) > 0 {
@ -397,8 +397,18 @@ func (tx *stTransaction) toMessage(ps stPostState, baseFee *big.Int) (core.Messa
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no gas price provided")
 	}

-	msg := types.NewMessage(from, to, tx.Nonce, value, gasLimit, gasPrice,
-		tx.MaxFeePerGas, tx.MaxPriorityFeePerGas, data, accessList, false, false)
+	msg := &core.Message{
+		From:       from,
+		To:         to,
+		Nonce:      tx.Nonce,
+		Value:      value,
+		GasLimit:   gasLimit,
+		GasPrice:   gasPrice,
+		GasFeeCap:  tx.MaxFeePerGas,
+		GasTipCap:  tx.MaxPriorityFeePerGas,
+		Data:       data,
+		AccessList: accessList,
+	}
 	return msg, nil
 }