simplified gas accounting layer (#405)

* simplified gas accounting layer

* integrate some review feedback

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Ignacio Hagopian <jsign.uy@gmail.com>

* more suggestions from code review

* don't charge creation gas + charge code chunks in create

* A couple more fixes

* make linter happy

* fix create init gas consumption issue

* fix: in gas funcs, use tx witness instead of global witness

* fix linter issue

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Ignacio Hagopian <jsign.uy@gmail.com>

* fix: EXTCODECOPY gas consumption

* fix warm gas costs

* fix the order gas is charged in during contract creation epilogue

* fix selfdestruct

* fix #365 in eip rewrite (#407)

* fix: OOG type in code creation OOG (#408)

* core/vm: charge BLOCKHASH witness cost (#409)

* core/vm: charge BLOCKHASH witness cost

Signed-off-by: Ignacio Hagopian <jsign.uy@gmail.com>

* remove gas optimization for now

Signed-off-by: Ignacio Hagopian <jsign.uy@gmail.com>

---------

Signed-off-by: Ignacio Hagopian <jsign.uy@gmail.com>

* remove redundant logic for contract creation (#413)

Signed-off-by: Ignacio Hagopian <jsign.uy@gmail.com>

* fix precompile address check for charging witness costs & fix missing value-bearing rule (#412)

Signed-off-by: Ignacio Hagopian <jsign.uy@gmail.com>

* core/vm: fix wrong check (#416)

Signed-off-by: Ignacio Hagopian <jsign.uy@gmail.com>

* charge for account creation if selfdestruct creates a new account (#417)

* add key comparison test (#418)

* core/vm: charge contract init before execution logic (#419)

* core/vm: charge contract init before execution logic

Signed-off-by: Ignacio Hagopian <jsign.uy@gmail.com>

* fix CREATE2 as well

---------

Signed-off-by: Ignacio Hagopian <jsign.uy@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Guillaume Ballet <3272758+gballet@users.noreply.github.com>

* quell linter

---------

Signed-off-by: Ignacio Hagopian <jsign.uy@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Ignacio Hagopian <jsign.uy@gmail.com>

consensus/beacon/consensus.go

@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie/utils"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-verkle"
-	"github.com/holiman/uint256"
 )
 
 // Proof-of-stake protocol constants.
@@ -357,11 +356,7 @@ func (beacon *Beacon) Finalize(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header *types.
 		state.AddBalance(w.Address, amount)
 
 		// The returned gas is not charged
-		state.Witness().TouchAddressOnWriteAndComputeGas(w.Address[:], uint256.Int{}, utils.VersionLeafKey)
+		state.Witness().TouchFullAccount(w.Address[:], true)
-		state.Witness().TouchAddressOnWriteAndComputeGas(w.Address[:], uint256.Int{}, utils.BalanceLeafKey)
-		state.Witness().TouchAddressOnWriteAndComputeGas(w.Address[:], uint256.Int{}, utils.NonceLeafKey)
-		state.Witness().TouchAddressOnWriteAndComputeGas(w.Address[:], uint256.Int{}, utils.CodeKeccakLeafKey)
-		state.Witness().TouchAddressOnWriteAndComputeGas(w.Address[:], uint256.Int{}, utils.CodeSizeLeafKey)
 	}
 }
 

consensus/ethash/consensus.go

@@ -33,8 +33,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie/utils"
-	"github.com/holiman/uint256"
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/sha3"
 )
 
@@ -568,19 +566,10 @@ func accumulateRewards(config *params.ChainConfig, state *state.StateDB, header
 		r.Div(r, big8)
 
 		// This should not happen, but it's useful for replay tests
-		if config.IsPrague(header.Number, header.Time) {
-			state.Witness().TouchAddressOnReadAndComputeGas(uncle.Coinbase.Bytes(), uint256.Int{}, utils.BalanceLeafKey)
-		}
 		state.AddBalance(uncle.Coinbase, r)
 
 		r.Div(blockReward, big32)
 		reward.Add(reward, r)
 	}
-	if config.IsPrague(header.Number, header.Time) {
-		state.Witness().TouchAddressOnReadAndComputeGas(header.Coinbase.Bytes(), uint256.Int{}, utils.BalanceLeafKey)
-		state.Witness().TouchAddressOnReadAndComputeGas(header.Coinbase.Bytes(), uint256.Int{}, utils.VersionLeafKey)
-		state.Witness().TouchAddressOnReadAndComputeGas(header.Coinbase.Bytes(), uint256.Int{}, utils.NonceLeafKey)
-		state.Witness().TouchAddressOnReadAndComputeGas(header.Coinbase.Bytes(), uint256.Int{}, utils.CodeKeccakLeafKey)
-	}
 	state.AddBalance(header.Coinbase, reward)
 }

core/state/access_witness.go

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ package state
 
 import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/math"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie/utils"
 	"github.com/holiman/uint256"
@@ -88,27 +89,25 @@ func (aw *AccessWitness) Copy() *AccessWitness {
 	return naw
 }
 
-func (aw *AccessWitness) TouchAndChargeProofOfAbsence(addr []byte) uint64 {
+func (aw *AccessWitness) TouchFullAccount(addr []byte, isWrite bool) uint64 {
 	var gas uint64
-	gas += aw.TouchAddressOnReadAndComputeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.VersionLeafKey)
+	for i := utils.VersionLeafKey; i <= utils.CodeSizeLeafKey; i++ {
-	gas += aw.TouchAddressOnReadAndComputeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BalanceLeafKey)
+		gas += aw.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, byte(i), isWrite)
-	gas += aw.TouchAddressOnReadAndComputeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeSizeLeafKey)
+	}
-	gas += aw.TouchAddressOnReadAndComputeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeKeccakLeafKey)
-	gas += aw.TouchAddressOnReadAndComputeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.NonceLeafKey)
 	return gas
 }
 
 func (aw *AccessWitness) TouchAndChargeMessageCall(addr []byte) uint64 {
 	var gas uint64
-	gas += aw.TouchAddressOnReadAndComputeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.VersionLeafKey)
+	gas += aw.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.VersionLeafKey, false)
-	gas += aw.TouchAddressOnReadAndComputeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeSizeLeafKey)
+	gas += aw.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeSizeLeafKey, false)
 	return gas
 }
 
 func (aw *AccessWitness) TouchAndChargeValueTransfer(callerAddr, targetAddr []byte) uint64 {
 	var gas uint64
-	gas += aw.TouchAddressOnWriteAndComputeGas(callerAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BalanceLeafKey)
+	gas += aw.touchAddressAndChargeGas(callerAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BalanceLeafKey, true)
-	gas += aw.TouchAddressOnWriteAndComputeGas(targetAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BalanceLeafKey)
+	gas += aw.touchAddressAndChargeGas(targetAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BalanceLeafKey, true)
 	return gas
 }
 
@@ -116,33 +115,18 @@ func (aw *AccessWitness) TouchAndChargeValueTransfer(callerAddr, targetAddr []by
 // a contract creation
 func (aw *AccessWitness) TouchAndChargeContractCreateInit(addr []byte, createSendsValue bool) uint64 {
 	var gas uint64
-	gas += aw.TouchAddressOnWriteAndComputeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.VersionLeafKey)
+	gas += aw.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.VersionLeafKey, true)
-	gas += aw.TouchAddressOnWriteAndComputeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.NonceLeafKey)
+	gas += aw.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.NonceLeafKey, true)
 	if createSendsValue {
-		gas += aw.TouchAddressOnWriteAndComputeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BalanceLeafKey)
+		gas += aw.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BalanceLeafKey, true)
 	}
 	return gas
 }
 
-// TouchAndChargeContractCreateCompleted charges access access costs after
-// the completion of a contract creation to populate the created account in
-// the tree
-func (aw *AccessWitness) TouchAndChargeContractCreateCompleted(addr []byte) uint64 {
-	var gas uint64
-	gas += aw.TouchAddressOnWriteAndComputeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.VersionLeafKey)
-	gas += aw.TouchAddressOnWriteAndComputeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BalanceLeafKey)
-	gas += aw.TouchAddressOnWriteAndComputeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeSizeLeafKey)
-	gas += aw.TouchAddressOnWriteAndComputeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeKeccakLeafKey)
-	gas += aw.TouchAddressOnWriteAndComputeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.NonceLeafKey)
-	return gas
-}
-
 func (aw *AccessWitness) TouchTxOriginAndComputeGas(originAddr []byte) uint64 {
-	aw.TouchAddressOnReadAndComputeGas(originAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.VersionLeafKey)
+	for i := utils.VersionLeafKey; i <= utils.CodeSizeLeafKey; i++ {
-	aw.TouchAddressOnReadAndComputeGas(originAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeSizeLeafKey)
+		aw.touchAddressAndChargeGas(originAddr, zeroTreeIndex, byte(i), i == utils.BalanceLeafKey || i == utils.NonceLeafKey)
-	aw.TouchAddressOnReadAndComputeGas(originAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeKeccakLeafKey)
+	}
-	aw.TouchAddressOnWriteAndComputeGas(originAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.NonceLeafKey)
-	aw.TouchAddressOnWriteAndComputeGas(originAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BalanceLeafKey)
 
 	// Kaustinen note: we're currently experimenting with stop chargin gas for the origin address
 	// so simple transfer still take 21000 gas. This is to potentially avoid breaking existing tooling.
@@ -152,14 +136,14 @@ func (aw *AccessWitness) TouchTxOriginAndComputeGas(originAddr []byte) uint64 {
 }
 
 func (aw *AccessWitness) TouchTxExistingAndComputeGas(targetAddr []byte, sendsValue bool) uint64 {
-	aw.TouchAddressOnReadAndComputeGas(targetAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.VersionLeafKey)
+	aw.touchAddressAndChargeGas(targetAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.VersionLeafKey, false)
-	aw.TouchAddressOnReadAndComputeGas(targetAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeSizeLeafKey)
+	aw.touchAddressAndChargeGas(targetAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeSizeLeafKey, false)
-	aw.TouchAddressOnReadAndComputeGas(targetAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeKeccakLeafKey)
+	aw.touchAddressAndChargeGas(targetAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeHashLeafKey, false)
-	aw.TouchAddressOnReadAndComputeGas(targetAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.NonceLeafKey)
+	aw.touchAddressAndChargeGas(targetAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.NonceLeafKey, false)
 	if sendsValue {
-		aw.TouchAddressOnWriteAndComputeGas(targetAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BalanceLeafKey)
+		aw.touchAddressAndChargeGas(targetAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BalanceLeafKey, true)
 	} else {
-		aw.TouchAddressOnReadAndComputeGas(targetAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BalanceLeafKey)
+		aw.touchAddressAndChargeGas(targetAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BalanceLeafKey, false)
 	}
 
 	// Kaustinen note: we're currently experimenting with stop chargin gas for the origin address
@@ -169,12 +153,9 @@ func (aw *AccessWitness) TouchTxExistingAndComputeGas(targetAddr []byte, sendsVa
 	return 0
 }
 
-func (aw *AccessWitness) TouchAddressOnWriteAndComputeGas(addr []byte, treeIndex uint256.Int, subIndex byte) uint64 {
+func (aw *AccessWitness) TouchSlotAndChargeGas(addr []byte, slot common.Hash, isWrite bool) uint64 {
-	return aw.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, treeIndex, subIndex, true)
+	treeIndex, subIndex := utils.GetTreeKeyStorageSlotTreeIndexes(slot.Bytes())
-}
+	return aw.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, *treeIndex, subIndex, isWrite)
-
-func (aw *AccessWitness) TouchAddressOnReadAndComputeGas(addr []byte, treeIndex uint256.Int, subIndex byte) uint64 {
-	return aw.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, treeIndex, subIndex, false)
 }
 
 func (aw *AccessWitness) touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr []byte, treeIndex uint256.Int, subIndex byte, isWrite bool) uint64 {
@@ -259,3 +240,58 @@ func newChunkAccessKey(branchKey branchAccessKey, leafKey byte) chunkAccessKey {
 	lk.leafKey = leafKey
 	return lk
 }
+
+// touchCodeChunksRangeOnReadAndChargeGas is a helper function to touch every chunk in a code range and charge witness gas costs
+func (aw *AccessWitness) TouchCodeChunksRangeAndChargeGas(contractAddr []byte, startPC, size uint64, codeLen uint64, isWrite bool) uint64 {
+	// note that in the case where the copied code is outside the range of the
+	// contract code but touches the last leaf with contract code in it,
+	// we don't include the last leaf of code in the AccessWitness.  The
+	// reason that we do not need the last leaf is the account's code size
+	// is already in the AccessWitness so a stateless verifier can see that
+	// the code from the last leaf is not needed.
+	if (codeLen == 0 && size == 0) || startPC > codeLen {
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	endPC := startPC + size
+	if endPC > codeLen {
+		endPC = codeLen
+	}
+	if endPC > 0 {
+		endPC -= 1 // endPC is the last bytecode that will be touched.
+	}
+
+	var statelessGasCharged uint64
+	for chunkNumber := startPC / 31; chunkNumber <= endPC/31; chunkNumber++ {
+		treeIndex := *uint256.NewInt((chunkNumber + 128) / 256)
+		subIndex := byte((chunkNumber + 128) % 256)
+		gas := aw.touchAddressAndChargeGas(contractAddr, treeIndex, subIndex, isWrite)
+		var overflow bool
+		statelessGasCharged, overflow = math.SafeAdd(statelessGasCharged, gas)
+		if overflow {
+			panic("overflow when adding gas")
+		}
+	}
+
+	return statelessGasCharged
+}
+
+func (aw *AccessWitness) TouchVersion(addr []byte, isWrite bool) uint64 {
+	return aw.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.VersionLeafKey, isWrite)
+}
+
+func (aw *AccessWitness) TouchBalance(addr []byte, isWrite bool) uint64 {
+	return aw.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BalanceLeafKey, isWrite)
+}
+
+func (aw *AccessWitness) TouchNonce(addr []byte, isWrite bool) uint64 {
+	return aw.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.NonceLeafKey, isWrite)
+}
+
+func (aw *AccessWitness) TouchCodeSize(addr []byte, isWrite bool) uint64 {
+	return aw.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeSizeLeafKey, isWrite)
+}
+
+func (aw *AccessWitness) TouchCodeHash(addr []byte, isWrite bool) uint64 {
+	return aw.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeHashLeafKey, isWrite)
+}

core/state/statedb.go

@@ -1367,7 +1367,7 @@ func (s *StateDB) Commit(block uint64, deleteEmptyObjects bool) (common.Hash, er
 // - Add coinbase to access list (EIP-3651)
 // - Reset transient storage (EIP-1153)
 func (s *StateDB) Prepare(rules params.Rules, sender, coinbase common.Address, dst *common.Address, precompiles []common.Address, list types.AccessList) {
-	if rules.IsBerlin {
+	if rules.IsEIP2929 {
 		// Clear out any leftover from previous executions
 		al := newAccessList()
 		s.accessList = al

core/state_processor.go

@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie/utils"
 	tutils "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie/utils"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-verkle"
 	"github.com/holiman/uint256"
@@ -261,7 +260,7 @@ func (kvm *keyValueMigrator) addAccount(addr []byte, acc *types.StateAccount) {
 	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(nonce[:8], acc.Nonce)
 	leafNodeData.Values[tutils.NonceLeafKey] = nonce[:]
 
-	leafNodeData.Values[tutils.CodeKeccakLeafKey] = acc.CodeHash[:]
+	leafNodeData.Values[tutils.CodeHashLeafKey] = acc.CodeHash[:]
 }
 
 func (kvm *keyValueMigrator) addAccountCode(addr []byte, codeSize uint64, chunks []byte) {
@@ -369,7 +368,13 @@ func (kvm *keyValueMigrator) migrateCollectedKeyValues(tree *trie.VerkleTrie) er
 	return nil
 }
 
+// InsertBlockHashHistoryAtEip2935Fork handles the insertion of all previous 256
+// blocks on the eip2935 activation block. It also adds the account header of the
+// history contract to the witness.
 func InsertBlockHashHistoryAtEip2935Fork(statedb *state.StateDB, prevNumber uint64, prevHash common.Hash, chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader) {
+	// Make sure that the historical contract is added to the witness
+	statedb.Witness().TouchFullAccount(params.HistoryStorageAddress[:], true)
+
 	ancestor := chain.GetHeader(prevHash, prevNumber)
 	for i := prevNumber; i > 0 && i >= prevNumber-params.Eip2935BlockHashHistorySize; i-- {
 		ProcessParentBlockHash(statedb, i, ancestor.Hash())
@@ -382,6 +387,5 @@ func ProcessParentBlockHash(statedb *state.StateDB, prevNumber uint64, prevHash
 	var key common.Hash
 	binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(key[24:], ringIndex)
 	statedb.SetState(params.HistoryStorageAddress, key, prevHash)
-	index, suffix := utils.GetTreeKeyStorageSlotTreeIndexes(key[:])
+	statedb.Witness().TouchSlotAndChargeGas(params.HistoryStorageAddress[:], key, true)
-	statedb.Witness().TouchAddressOnWriteAndComputeGas(params.HistoryStorageAddress[:], *index, suffix)
 }

core/state_processor_test.go

@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"crypto/ecdsa"
 	"encoding/binary"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
 
 	//"fmt"
 	"math/big"
@@ -37,7 +40,9 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/tracers/logger"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie/utils"
 
 	//"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
@@ -472,11 +477,19 @@ func TestProcessVerkle(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 			},
 		}
+		loggerCfg = &logger.Config{}
 	)
+
+	os.MkdirAll("output", 0755)
+	traceFile, err := os.Create("./output/traces.jsonl")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
 	// Verkle trees use the snapshot, which must be enabled before the
 	// data is saved into the tree+database.
 	genesis := gspec.MustCommit(bcdb)
-	blockchain, _ := NewBlockChain(bcdb, nil, gspec, nil, beacon.New(ethash.NewFaker()), vm.Config{}, nil, nil)
+	blockchain, _ := NewBlockChain(bcdb, nil, gspec, nil, beacon.New(ethash.NewFaker()), vm.Config{Tracer: logger.NewJSONLogger(loggerCfg, traceFile)}, nil, nil)
 	defer blockchain.Stop()
 
 	// Commit the genesis block to the block-generation database as it
@@ -485,8 +498,8 @@ func TestProcessVerkle(t *testing.T) {
 
 	txCost1 := params.TxGas
 	txCost2 := params.TxGas
-	contractCreationCost := intrinsicContractCreationGas + uint64(5600+700+700+700 /* creation with value */ +2739 /* execution costs */)
+	contractCreationCost := intrinsicContractCreationGas + uint64(5600+700+700+700 /* creation with value */ +1439 /* execution costs */)
-	codeWithExtCodeCopyGas := intrinsicCodeWithExtCodeCopyGas + uint64(5600+700 /* creation */ +302044 /* execution costs */)
+	codeWithExtCodeCopyGas := intrinsicCodeWithExtCodeCopyGas + uint64(5600+700 /* creation */ +44044 /* execution costs */)
 	blockGasUsagesExpected := []uint64{
 		txCost1*2 + txCost2,
 		txCost1*2 + txCost2 + contractCreationCost + codeWithExtCodeCopyGas,
@@ -513,6 +526,33 @@ func TestProcessVerkle(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 
+	kvjson, err := json.Marshal(keyvals)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	err = os.WriteFile("./output/statediffs.json", kvjson, 0644)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	blockrlp, err := rlp.EncodeToBytes(genesis)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	err = os.WriteFile(fmt.Sprintf("./output/block%d.rlp.hex", 0), []byte(fmt.Sprintf("%x", blockrlp)), 0644)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	for _, block := range chain {
+		blockrlp, err := rlp.EncodeToBytes(block)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		err = os.WriteFile(fmt.Sprintf("./output/block%d.rlp.hex", block.NumberU64()), []byte(fmt.Sprintf("%x", blockrlp)), 0644)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+
 	// Uncomment to extract block #2
 	//f, _ := os.Create("block2.rlp")
 	//defer f.Close()
@@ -521,7 +561,7 @@ func TestProcessVerkle(t *testing.T) {
 	//f.Write(buf.Bytes())
 	//fmt.Printf("root= %x\n", chain[0].Root())
 	// check the proof for the last block
-	err := trie.DeserializeAndVerifyVerkleProof(proofs[1], chain[0].Root().Bytes(), chain[1].Root().Bytes(), keyvals[1])
+	err = trie.DeserializeAndVerifyVerkleProof(proofs[1], chain[0].Root().Bytes(), chain[1].Root().Bytes(), keyvals[1])
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -913,7 +953,7 @@ func TestProcessVerklExtCodeHashOpcode(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	codeHashStateDiff := statediff[1][stateDiffIdx].SuffixDiffs[0]
-	if codeHashStateDiff.Suffix != utils.CodeKeccakLeafKey {
+	if codeHashStateDiff.Suffix != utils.CodeHashLeafKey {
 		t.Fatalf("code hash invalid suffix")
 	}
 	if codeHashStateDiff.CurrentValue == nil {

core/state_transition.go

@@ -27,10 +27,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/misc/eip4844"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie/utils"
-	"github.com/holiman/uint256"
 )
 
 // ExecutionResult includes all output after executing given evm
@@ -405,7 +402,7 @@ func (st *StateTransition) TransitionDb() (*ExecutionResult, error) {
 	}
 	st.gasRemaining -= gas
 
-	if rules.IsPrague {
+	if rules.IsEIP4762 {
 		targetAddr := msg.To
 		originAddr := msg.From
 
@@ -413,7 +410,6 @@ func (st *StateTransition) TransitionDb() (*ExecutionResult, error) {
 		if !tryConsumeGas(&st.gasRemaining, statelessGasOrigin) {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: Insufficient funds to cover witness access costs for transaction: have %d, want %d", ErrInsufficientBalanceWitness, st.gasRemaining, gas)
 		}
-		originNonce := st.evm.StateDB.GetNonce(originAddr)
 
 		if msg.To != nil {
 			statelessGasDest := st.evm.Accesses.TouchTxExistingAndComputeGas(targetAddr.Bytes(), msg.Value.Sign() != 0)
@@ -423,11 +419,6 @@ func (st *StateTransition) TransitionDb() (*ExecutionResult, error) {
 
 			// ensure the code size ends up in the access witness
 			st.evm.StateDB.GetCodeSize(*targetAddr)
-		} else {
-			contractAddr := crypto.CreateAddress(originAddr, originNonce)
-			if !tryConsumeGas(&st.gasRemaining, st.evm.Accesses.TouchAndChargeContractCreateInit(contractAddr.Bytes(), msg.Value.Sign() != 0)) {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: Insufficient funds to cover witness access costs for transaction: have %d, want %d", ErrInsufficientBalanceWitness, st.gasRemaining, gas)
-			}
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -480,12 +471,8 @@ func (st *StateTransition) TransitionDb() (*ExecutionResult, error) {
 		st.state.AddBalance(st.evm.Context.Coinbase, fee)
 
 		// add the coinbase to the witness iff the fee is greater than 0
-		if rules.IsPrague && fee.Sign() != 0 {
+		if rules.IsEIP4762 && fee.Sign() != 0 {
-			st.evm.Accesses.TouchAddressOnWriteAndComputeGas(st.evm.Context.Coinbase[:], uint256.Int{}, utils.VersionLeafKey)
+			st.evm.Accesses.TouchFullAccount(st.evm.Context.Coinbase[:], true)
-			st.evm.Accesses.TouchAddressOnWriteAndComputeGas(st.evm.Context.Coinbase[:], uint256.Int{}, utils.BalanceLeafKey)
-			st.evm.Accesses.TouchAddressOnWriteAndComputeGas(st.evm.Context.Coinbase[:], uint256.Int{}, utils.NonceLeafKey)
-			st.evm.Accesses.TouchAddressOnWriteAndComputeGas(st.evm.Context.Coinbase[:], uint256.Int{}, utils.CodeKeccakLeafKey)
-			st.evm.Accesses.TouchAddressOnWriteAndComputeGas(st.evm.Context.Coinbase[:], uint256.Int{}, utils.CodeSizeLeafKey)
 		}
 	}
 

core/vm/eips.go

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ var activators = map[int]func(*JumpTable){
 	1884: enable1884,
 	1344: enable1344,
 	1153: enable1153,
+	4762: enable4762,
 }
 
 // EnableEIP enables the given EIP on the config.
@@ -303,3 +304,29 @@ func enable6780(jt *JumpTable) {
 		maxStack:    maxStack(1, 0),
 	}
 }
+
+func enable4762(jt *JumpTable) {
+	jt[SSTORE].constantGas = 0
+	jt[SSTORE].dynamicGas = gasSStore4762
+	jt[SLOAD].constantGas = 0
+	jt[SLOAD].dynamicGas = gasSLoad4762
+	jt[BALANCE].dynamicGas = gasBalance4762
+	jt[BALANCE].constantGas = 0
+	jt[EXTCODESIZE].constantGas = 0
+	jt[EXTCODESIZE].dynamicGas = gasExtCodeSize4762
+	jt[EXTCODEHASH].constantGas = 0
+	jt[EXTCODEHASH].dynamicGas = gasExtCodeHash4762
+	jt[EXTCODECOPY].constantGas = 0
+	jt[EXTCODECOPY].dynamicGas = gasExtCodeCopyEIP4762
+	jt[SELFDESTRUCT].dynamicGas = gasSelfdestructEIP4762
+	jt[CREATE].constantGas = params.CreateNGasEip4762
+	jt[CREATE2].constantGas = params.CreateNGasEip4762
+	jt[CALL].constantGas = 0
+	jt[CALL].dynamicGas = gasCallEIP4762
+	jt[CALLCODE].constantGas = 0
+	jt[CALLCODE].dynamicGas = gasCallCodeEIP4762
+	jt[STATICCALL].constantGas = 0
+	jt[STATICCALL].dynamicGas = gasStaticCallEIP4762
+	jt[DELEGATECALL].constantGas = 0
+	jt[DELEGATECALL].dynamicGas = gasDelegateCallEIP4762
+}

core/vm/evm.go

@@ -178,20 +178,6 @@ func (evm *EVM) SetBlockContext(blockCtx BlockContext) {
 	evm.chainRules = evm.chainConfig.Rules(num, blockCtx.Random != nil, timestamp)
 }
 
-// tryConsumeGas tries to subtract gas from gasPool, setting the result in gasPool
-// if subtracting more gas than remains in gasPool, set gasPool = 0 and return false
-// otherwise, do the subtraction setting the result in gasPool and return true
-func tryConsumeGas(gasPool *uint64, gas uint64) bool {
-	// XXX check this is still needed as a func
-	if *gasPool < gas {
-		*gasPool = 0
-		return false
-	}
-
-	*gasPool -= gas
-	return true
-}
-
 // Call executes the contract associated with the addr with the given input as
 // parameters. It also handles any necessary value transfer required and takes
 // the necessary steps to create accounts and reverses the state in case of an
@@ -211,11 +197,17 @@ func (evm *EVM) Call(caller ContractRef, addr common.Address, input []byte, gas
 
 	var creation bool
 	if !evm.StateDB.Exist(addr) {
-		if !isPrecompile && evm.chainRules.IsEIP158 && value.Sign() == 0 {
+		if !isPrecompile && evm.chainRules.IsEIP4762 {
-			if evm.chainRules.IsPrague {
+			// add proof of absence to witness
-				// proof of absence
+			wgas := evm.Accesses.TouchFullAccount(addr.Bytes(), false)
-				tryConsumeGas(&gas, evm.Accesses.TouchAndChargeProofOfAbsence(addr.Bytes()))
+			if gas < wgas {
+				evm.StateDB.RevertToSnapshot(snapshot)
+				return nil, 0, ErrOutOfGas
 			}
+			gas -= wgas
+		}
+
+		if !isPrecompile && evm.chainRules.IsEIP158 && value.Sign() == 0 {
 			// Calling a non existing account, don't do anything, but ping the tracer
 			if debug {
 				if evm.depth == 0 {
@@ -463,7 +455,7 @@ func (evm *EVM) create(caller ContractRef, codeAndHash *codeAndHash, gas uint64,
 	evm.StateDB.SetNonce(caller.Address(), nonce+1)
 	// We add this to the access list _before_ taking a snapshot. Even if the creation fails,
 	// the access-list change should not be rolled back
-	if evm.chainRules.IsBerlin {
+	if evm.chainRules.IsEIP2929 {
 		evm.StateDB.AddAddressToAccessList(address)
 	}
 	// Ensure there's no existing contract already at the designated address
@@ -486,6 +478,14 @@ func (evm *EVM) create(caller ContractRef, codeAndHash *codeAndHash, gas uint64,
 	contract.SetCodeOptionalHash(&address, codeAndHash)
 	contract.IsDeployment = true
 
+	// Charge the contract creation init gas in verkle mode
+	var err error
+	if evm.chainRules.IsEIP4762 {
+		if !contract.UseGas(evm.Accesses.TouchAndChargeContractCreateInit(address.Bytes(), value.Sign() != 0)) {
+			err = ErrOutOfGas
+		}
+	}
+
 	if evm.Config.Tracer != nil {
 		if evm.depth == 0 {
 			evm.Config.Tracer.CaptureStart(evm, caller.Address(), address, true, codeAndHash.code, gas, value)
@@ -494,7 +494,10 @@ func (evm *EVM) create(caller ContractRef, codeAndHash *codeAndHash, gas uint64,
 		}
 	}
 
-	ret, err := evm.interpreter.Run(contract, nil, false)
+	var ret []byte
+	if err == nil {
+		ret, err = evm.interpreter.Run(contract, nil, false)
+	}
 
 	// Check whether the max code size has been exceeded, assign err if the case.
 	if err == nil && evm.chainRules.IsEIP158 && len(ret) > params.MaxCodeSize {
@@ -511,20 +514,24 @@ func (evm *EVM) create(caller ContractRef, codeAndHash *codeAndHash, gas uint64,
 	// be stored due to not enough gas set an error and let it be handled
 	// by the error checking condition below.
 	if err == nil {
-		createDataGas := uint64(len(ret)) * params.CreateDataGas
+		if !evm.chainRules.IsEIP4762 {
-		if contract.UseGas(createDataGas) {
+			createDataGas := uint64(len(ret)) * params.CreateDataGas
-			evm.StateDB.SetCode(address, ret)
+			if !contract.UseGas(createDataGas) {
+				err = ErrCodeStoreOutOfGas
+			}
 		} else {
-			err = ErrCodeStoreOutOfGas
+			// Contract creation completed, touch the missing fields in the contract
-		}
+			if !contract.UseGas(evm.Accesses.TouchFullAccount(address.Bytes()[:], true)) {
-	}
+				err = ErrCodeStoreOutOfGas
+			}
 
-	if err == nil && evm.chainRules.IsPrague {
+			if err == nil && len(ret) > 0 && !contract.UseGas(evm.Accesses.TouchCodeChunksRangeAndChargeGas(address.Bytes(), 0, uint64(len(ret)), uint64(len(ret)), true)) {
-		if len(ret) > 0 {
+				err = ErrCodeStoreOutOfGas
-			touchCodeChunksRangeOnReadAndChargeGas(address.Bytes(), 0, uint64(len(ret)), uint64(len(ret)), evm.Accesses)
+			}
 		}
-		if !contract.UseGas(evm.Accesses.TouchAndChargeContractCreateCompleted(address.Bytes()[:])) {
+
-			err = ErrOutOfGas
+		if err == nil {
+			evm.StateDB.SetCode(address, ret)
 		}
 	}
 

core/vm/gas_table.go

@@ -23,8 +23,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/math"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
-	trieUtils "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie/utils"
-	"github.com/holiman/uint256"
 )
 
 // memoryGasCost calculates the quadratic gas for memory expansion. It does so
@@ -100,24 +98,12 @@ var (
 
 func gasExtCodeSize(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
 	usedGas := uint64(0)
-	slot := stack.Back(0)
-	address := slot.Bytes20()
-	if evm.chainRules.IsPrague {
-		usedGas += evm.TxContext.Accesses.TouchAddressOnReadAndComputeGas(address[:], uint256.Int{}, trieUtils.CodeSizeLeafKey)
-	}
-
 	return usedGas, nil
 }
 
 func gasSLoad(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
 	usedGas := uint64(0)
 
-	if evm.chainRules.IsPrague {
-		where := stack.Back(0)
-		treeIndex, subIndex := trieUtils.GetTreeKeyStorageSlotTreeIndexes(where.Bytes())
-		usedGas += evm.Accesses.TouchAddressOnReadAndComputeGas(contract.Address().Bytes(), *treeIndex, subIndex)
-	}
-
 	return usedGas, nil
 }
 
@@ -405,7 +391,7 @@ func gasCall(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize
 	} else if !evm.StateDB.Exist(address) {
 		gas += params.CallNewAccountGas
 	}
-	if transfersValue {
+	if transfersValue && !evm.chainRules.IsEIP4762 {
 		gas += params.CallValueTransferGas
 	}
 	memoryGas, err := memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize)
@@ -424,13 +410,7 @@ func gasCall(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize
 	if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, evm.callGasTemp); overflow {
 		return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
 	}
-	if evm.chainRules.IsPrague {
+	if evm.chainRules.IsEIP4762 {
-		if _, isPrecompile := evm.precompile(address); !isPrecompile {
-			gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, evm.Accesses.TouchAndChargeMessageCall(address.Bytes()[:]))
-			if overflow {
-				return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
-			}
-		}
 		if transfersValue {
 			gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, evm.Accesses.TouchAndChargeValueTransfer(contract.Address().Bytes()[:], address.Bytes()[:]))
 			if overflow {
@@ -451,7 +431,7 @@ func gasCallCode(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memory
 		gas      uint64
 		overflow bool
 	)
-	if stack.Back(2).Sign() != 0 {
+	if stack.Back(2).Sign() != 0 && !evm.chainRules.IsEIP4762 {
 		gas += params.CallValueTransferGas
 	}
 	if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, memoryGas); overflow {
@@ -464,10 +444,11 @@ func gasCallCode(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memory
 	if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, evm.callGasTemp); overflow {
 		return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
 	}
-	if evm.chainRules.IsPrague {
+	if evm.chainRules.IsEIP4762 {
 		address := common.Address(stack.Back(1).Bytes20())
-		if _, isPrecompile := evm.precompile(address); !isPrecompile {
+		transfersValue := !stack.Back(2).IsZero()
-			gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, evm.Accesses.TouchAndChargeMessageCall(address.Bytes()))
+		if transfersValue {
+			gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, evm.Accesses.TouchAndChargeValueTransfer(contract.Address().Bytes()[:], address.Bytes()[:]))
 			if overflow {
 				return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
 			}
@@ -489,15 +470,6 @@ func gasDelegateCall(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, me
 	if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, evm.callGasTemp); overflow {
 		return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
 	}
-	if evm.chainRules.IsPrague {
-		address := common.Address(stack.Back(1).Bytes20())
-		if _, isPrecompile := evm.precompile(address); !isPrecompile {
-			gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, evm.Accesses.TouchAndChargeMessageCall(address.Bytes()))
-			if overflow {
-				return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
-			}
-		}
-	}
 	return gas, nil
 }
 
@@ -514,15 +486,6 @@ func gasStaticCall(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memo
 	if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, evm.callGasTemp); overflow {
 		return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
 	}
-	if evm.chainRules.IsPrague {
-		address := common.Address(stack.Back(1).Bytes20())
-		if _, isPrecompile := evm.precompile(address); !isPrecompile {
-			gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, evm.Accesses.TouchAndChargeMessageCall(address.Bytes()))
-			if overflow {
-				return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
-			}
-		}
-	}
 	return gas, nil
 }
 

core/vm/instructions.go

@@ -20,12 +20,10 @@ import (
 	"encoding/binary"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/math"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie/utils"
 	"github.com/holiman/uint256"
 )
 
@@ -264,13 +262,6 @@ func opAddress(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]
 func opBalance(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
 	slot := scope.Stack.peek()
 	address := common.Address(slot.Bytes20())
-	if interpreter.evm.chainRules.IsPrague {
-		statelessGas := interpreter.evm.Accesses.TouchAddressOnReadAndComputeGas(address[:], uint256.Int{}, utils.BalanceLeafKey)
-		if !scope.Contract.UseGas(statelessGas) {
-			scope.Contract.Gas = 0
-			return nil, ErrOutOfGas
-		}
-	}
 	slot.SetFromBig(interpreter.evm.StateDB.GetBalance(address))
 	return nil, nil
 }
@@ -355,13 +346,6 @@ func opExtCodeSize(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext)
 	slot := scope.Stack.peek()
 	address := slot.Bytes20()
 	cs := uint64(interpreter.evm.StateDB.GetCodeSize(address))
-	if interpreter.evm.chainRules.IsPrague {
-		statelessGas := interpreter.evm.Accesses.TouchAddressOnReadAndComputeGas(address[:], uint256.Int{}, utils.CodeSizeLeafKey)
-		if !scope.Contract.UseGas(statelessGas) {
-			scope.Contract.Gas = 0
-			return nil, ErrOutOfGas
-		}
-	}
 	slot.SetUint64(cs)
 	return nil, nil
 }
@@ -386,8 +370,8 @@ func opCodeCopy(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([
 
 	contractAddr := scope.Contract.Address()
 	paddedCodeCopy, copyOffset, nonPaddedCopyLength := getDataAndAdjustedBounds(scope.Contract.Code, uint64CodeOffset, length.Uint64())
-	if interpreter.evm.chainRules.IsPrague && !scope.Contract.IsDeployment {
+	if interpreter.evm.chainRules.IsEIP4762 && !scope.Contract.IsDeployment {
-		statelessGas := touchCodeChunksRangeOnReadAndChargeGas(contractAddr[:], copyOffset, nonPaddedCopyLength, uint64(len(scope.Contract.Code)), interpreter.evm.Accesses)
+		statelessGas := interpreter.evm.Accesses.TouchCodeChunksRangeAndChargeGas(contractAddr[:], copyOffset, nonPaddedCopyLength, uint64(len(scope.Contract.Code)), false)
 		if !scope.Contract.UseGas(statelessGas) {
 			scope.Contract.Gas = 0
 			return nil, ErrOutOfGas
@@ -397,41 +381,6 @@ func opCodeCopy(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-// touchCodeChunksRangeOnReadAndChargeGas is a helper function to touch every chunk in a code range and charge witness gas costs
-func touchCodeChunksRangeOnReadAndChargeGas(contractAddr []byte, startPC, size uint64, codeLen uint64, accesses *state.AccessWitness) uint64 {
-	// note that in the case where the copied code is outside the range of the
-	// contract code but touches the last leaf with contract code in it,
-	// we don't include the last leaf of code in the AccessWitness.  The
-	// reason that we do not need the last leaf is the account's code size
-	// is already in the AccessWitness so a stateless verifier can see that
-	// the code from the last leaf is not needed.
-	if (codeLen == 0 && size == 0) || startPC > codeLen {
-		return 0
-	}
-
-	endPC := startPC + size
-	if endPC > codeLen {
-		endPC = codeLen
-	}
-	if endPC > 0 {
-		endPC -= 1 // endPC is the last bytecode that will be touched.
-	}
-
-	var statelessGasCharged uint64
-	for chunkNumber := startPC / 31; chunkNumber <= endPC/31; chunkNumber++ {
-		treeIndex := *uint256.NewInt((chunkNumber + 128) / 256)
-		subIndex := byte((chunkNumber + 128) % 256)
-		gas := accesses.TouchAddressOnReadAndComputeGas(contractAddr, treeIndex, subIndex)
-		var overflow bool
-		statelessGasCharged, overflow = math.SafeAdd(statelessGasCharged, gas)
-		if overflow {
-			panic("overflow when adding gas")
-		}
-	}
-
-	return statelessGasCharged
-}
-
 func opExtCodeCopy(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
 	var (
 		stack      = scope.Stack
@@ -445,14 +394,14 @@ func opExtCodeCopy(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext)
 		uint64CodeOffset = 0xffffffffffffffff
 	}
 	addr := common.Address(a.Bytes20())
-	if interpreter.evm.chainRules.IsPrague {
+	if interpreter.evm.chainRules.IsEIP4762 {
 		code := interpreter.evm.StateDB.GetCode(addr)
 		contract := &Contract{
 			Code: code,
 			self: AccountRef(addr),
 		}
 		paddedCodeCopy, copyOffset, nonPaddedCopyLength := getDataAndAdjustedBounds(code, uint64CodeOffset, length.Uint64())
-		statelessGas := touchCodeChunksRangeOnReadAndChargeGas(addr[:], copyOffset, nonPaddedCopyLength, uint64(len(contract.Code)), interpreter.evm.Accesses)
+		statelessGas := interpreter.evm.Accesses.TouchCodeChunksRangeAndChargeGas(addr[:], copyOffset, nonPaddedCopyLength, uint64(len(contract.Code)), false)
 		if !scope.Contract.UseGas(statelessGas) {
 			scope.Contract.Gas = 0
 			return nil, ErrOutOfGas
@@ -495,13 +444,6 @@ func opExtCodeCopy(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext)
 func opExtCodeHash(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
 	slot := scope.Stack.peek()
 	address := common.Address(slot.Bytes20())
-	if interpreter.evm.chainRules.IsPrague {
-		statelessGas := interpreter.evm.Accesses.TouchAddressOnReadAndComputeGas(address[:], uint256.Int{}, utils.CodeKeccakLeafKey)
-		if !scope.Contract.UseGas(statelessGas) {
-			scope.Contract.Gas = 0
-			return nil, ErrOutOfGas
-		}
-	}
 	if interpreter.evm.StateDB.Empty(address) {
 		slot.Clear()
 	} else {
@@ -516,13 +458,12 @@ func opGasprice(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func getBlockHashFromContract(number uint64, statedb StateDB, witness *state.AccessWitness) common.Hash {
+func getBlockHashFromContract(number uint64, statedb StateDB, witness *state.AccessWitness) (common.Hash, uint64) {
 	ringIndex := number % params.Eip2935BlockHashHistorySize
 	var pnum common.Hash
 	binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(pnum[24:], ringIndex)
-	treeIndex, suffix := utils.GetTreeKeyStorageSlotTreeIndexes(pnum.Bytes())
+	statelessGas := witness.TouchSlotAndChargeGas(params.HistoryStorageAddress[:], pnum, false)
-	witness.TouchAddressOnReadAndComputeGas(params.HistoryStorageAddress[:], *treeIndex, suffix)
+	return statedb.GetState(params.HistoryStorageAddress, pnum), statelessGas
-	return statedb.GetState(params.HistoryStorageAddress, pnum)
 }
 
 func opBlockhash(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
@@ -545,7 +486,13 @@ func opBlockhash(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) (
 	if num64 >= lower && num64 < upper {
 		// if Prague is active, read it from the history contract (EIP 2935).
 		if evm.chainRules.IsPrague {
-			num.SetBytes(getBlockHashFromContract(num64, evm.StateDB, evm.Accesses).Bytes())
+			blockHash, statelessGas := getBlockHashFromContract(num64, evm.StateDB, evm.Accesses)
+			if interpreter.evm.chainRules.IsEIP4762 {
+				if !scope.Contract.UseGas(statelessGas) {
+					return nil, ErrExecutionReverted
+				}
+			}
+			num.SetBytes(blockHash.Bytes())
 		} else {
 			num.SetBytes(interpreter.evm.Context.GetHash(num64).Bytes())
 		}
@@ -681,22 +628,25 @@ func opCreate(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]b
 	if interpreter.readOnly {
 		return nil, ErrWriteProtection
 	}
+
+	value := scope.Stack.pop()
+	if interpreter.evm.chainRules.IsEIP4762 {
+		contractAddress := crypto.CreateAddress(scope.Contract.Address(), interpreter.evm.StateDB.GetNonce(scope.Contract.Address()))
+		statelessGas := interpreter.evm.Accesses.TouchAndChargeContractCreateInit(contractAddress.Bytes()[:], value.Sign() != 0)
+		if !scope.Contract.UseGas(statelessGas) {
+			return nil, ErrExecutionReverted
+		}
+	}
+
 	var (
-		value        = scope.Stack.pop()
 		offset, size = scope.Stack.pop(), scope.Stack.pop()
 		input        = scope.Memory.GetCopy(int64(offset.Uint64()), int64(size.Uint64()))
 		gas          = scope.Contract.Gas
 	)
-	if interpreter.evm.chainRules.IsPrague {
-		contractAddress := crypto.CreateAddress(scope.Contract.Address(), interpreter.evm.StateDB.GetNonce(scope.Contract.Address()))
-		statelessGas := interpreter.evm.Accesses.TouchAndChargeContractCreateInit(contractAddress.Bytes()[:], value.Sign() != 0)
-		if !tryConsumeGas(&gas, statelessGas) {
-			return nil, ErrExecutionReverted
-		}
-	}
 	if interpreter.evm.chainRules.IsEIP150 {
 		gas -= gas / 64
 	}
+
 	// reuse size int for stackvalue
 	stackvalue := size
 
@@ -739,17 +689,17 @@ func opCreate2(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]
 		offset, size = scope.Stack.pop(), scope.Stack.pop()
 		salt         = scope.Stack.pop()
 		input        = scope.Memory.GetCopy(int64(offset.Uint64()), int64(size.Uint64()))
-		gas          = scope.Contract.Gas
 	)
-	if interpreter.evm.chainRules.IsPrague {
+	if interpreter.evm.chainRules.IsEIP4762 {
 		codeAndHash := &codeAndHash{code: input}
 		contractAddress := crypto.CreateAddress2(scope.Contract.Address(), salt.Bytes32(), codeAndHash.Hash().Bytes())
 		statelessGas := interpreter.evm.Accesses.TouchAndChargeContractCreateInit(contractAddress.Bytes()[:], endowment.Sign() != 0)
-		if !tryConsumeGas(&gas, statelessGas) {
+		if !scope.Contract.UseGas(statelessGas) {
 			return nil, ErrExecutionReverted
 		}
 	}
 
+	var gas = scope.Contract.Gas
 	// Apply EIP150
 	gas -= gas / 64
 	scope.Contract.UseGas(gas)
@@ -962,22 +912,6 @@ func opSelfdestruct6780(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeCon
 		tracer.CaptureEnter(SELFDESTRUCT, scope.Contract.Address(), beneficiary.Bytes20(), []byte{}, 0, balance)
 		tracer.CaptureExit([]byte{}, 0, nil)
 	}
-	if interpreter.evm.chainRules.IsPrague {
-		contractAddr := scope.Contract.Address()
-		beneficiaryAddr := beneficiary.Bytes20()
-		// If the beneficiary isn't the contract, we need to touch the beneficiary's balance.
-		// If the beneficiary is the contract itself, there're two possibilities:
-		// 1. The contract was created in the same transaction: the balance is already touched (no need to touch again)
-		// 2. The contract wasn't created in the same transaction: there's no net change in balance,
-		//    and SELFDESTRUCT will perform no action on the account header. (we touch since we did SubBalance+AddBalance above)
-		if contractAddr != beneficiaryAddr || interpreter.evm.StateDB.WasCreatedInCurrentTx(contractAddr) {
-			statelessGas := interpreter.evm.Accesses.TouchAddressOnReadAndComputeGas(beneficiaryAddr[:], uint256.Int{}, utils.BalanceLeafKey)
-			if !scope.Contract.UseGas(statelessGas) {
-				scope.Contract.Gas = 0
-				return nil, ErrOutOfGas
-			}
-		}
-	}
 	return nil, errStopToken
 }
 
@@ -1025,7 +959,7 @@ func opPush1(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]by
 			// touch next chunk if PUSH1 is at the boundary. if so, *pc has
 			// advanced past this boundary.
 			contractAddr := scope.Contract.Address()
-			statelessGas := touchCodeChunksRangeOnReadAndChargeGas(contractAddr[:], *pc+1, uint64(1), uint64(len(scope.Contract.Code)), interpreter.evm.Accesses)
+			statelessGas := interpreter.evm.Accesses.TouchCodeChunksRangeAndChargeGas(contractAddr[:], *pc+1, uint64(1), uint64(len(scope.Contract.Code)), false)
 			if !scope.Contract.UseGas(statelessGas) {
 				scope.Contract.Gas = 0
 				return nil, ErrOutOfGas
@@ -1054,7 +988,7 @@ func makePush(size uint64, pushByteSize int) executionFunc {
 
 		if !scope.Contract.IsDeployment && interpreter.evm.chainRules.IsPrague {
 			contractAddr := scope.Contract.Address()
-			statelessGas := touchCodeChunksRangeOnReadAndChargeGas(contractAddr[:], uint64(startMin), uint64(pushByteSize), uint64(len(scope.Contract.Code)), interpreter.evm.Accesses)
+			statelessGas := interpreter.evm.Accesses.TouchCodeChunksRangeAndChargeGas(contractAddr[:], uint64(startMin), uint64(pushByteSize), uint64(len(scope.Contract.Code)), false)
 			if !scope.Contract.UseGas(statelessGas) {
 				scope.Contract.Gas = 0
 				return nil, ErrOutOfGas

core/vm/interpreter.go

@@ -179,11 +179,11 @@ func (in *EVMInterpreter) Run(contract *Contract, input []byte, readOnly bool) (
 			logged, pcCopy, gasCopy = false, pc, contract.Gas
 		}
 
-		if in.evm.chainRules.IsPrague && !contract.IsDeployment {
+		if in.evm.chainRules.IsEIP4762 && !contract.IsDeployment {
 			// if the PC ends up in a new "chunk" of verkleized code, charge the
 			// associated costs.
 			contractAddr := contract.Address()
-			contract.Gas -= touchCodeChunksRangeOnReadAndChargeGas(contractAddr[:], pc, 1, uint64(len(contract.Code)), in.evm.TxContext.Accesses)
+			contract.Gas -= in.evm.TxContext.Accesses.TouchCodeChunksRangeAndChargeGas(contractAddr[:], pc, 1, uint64(len(contract.Code)), false)
 		}
 
 		// Get the operation from the jump table and validate the stack to ensure there are

core/vm/jump_table.go

@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ func validate(jt JumpTable) JumpTable {
 func newPragueInstructionSet() JumpTable {
 	instructionSet := newShanghaiInstructionSet()
 	enable6780(&instructionSet)
+	enable4762(&instructionSet)
 	return validate(instructionSet)
 }
 

core/vm/operations_acl.go

@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/math"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie/utils"
 )
 
 func makeGasSStoreFunc(clearingRefund uint64) gasFunc {
@@ -52,11 +51,6 @@ func makeGasSStoreFunc(clearingRefund uint64) gasFunc {
 		}
 		value := common.Hash(y.Bytes32())
 
-		if evm.chainRules.IsPrague {
-			treeIndex, subIndex := utils.GetTreeKeyStorageSlotTreeIndexes(x.Bytes())
-			cost += evm.Accesses.TouchAddressOnWriteAndComputeGas(contract.Address().Bytes(), *treeIndex, subIndex)
-		}
-
 		if current == value { // noop (1)
 			// EIP 2200 original clause:
 			//		return params.SloadGasEIP2200, nil
@@ -111,13 +105,6 @@ func gasSLoadEIP2929(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, me
 	slot := common.Hash(loc.Bytes32())
 	var gasUsed uint64
 
-	if evm.chainRules.IsPrague {
-		where := stack.Back(0)
-		treeIndex, subIndex := utils.GetTreeKeyStorageSlotTreeIndexes(where.Bytes())
-		addr := contract.Address()
-		gasUsed += evm.Accesses.TouchAddressOnReadAndComputeGas(addr.Bytes(), *treeIndex, subIndex)
-	}
-
 	// Check slot presence in the access list
 	if _, slotPresent := evm.StateDB.SlotInAccessList(contract.Address(), slot); !slotPresent {
 		// If the caller cannot afford the cost, this change will be rolled back

core/vm/operations_verkle.go

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package vm
+
+import (
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/math"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
+)
+
+func gasSStore4762(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+	gas := evm.Accesses.TouchSlotAndChargeGas(contract.Address().Bytes(), common.Hash(stack.peek().Bytes32()), true)
+	if gas == 0 {
+		gas = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
+	}
+	return gas, nil
+}
+
+func gasSLoad4762(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+	gas := evm.Accesses.TouchSlotAndChargeGas(contract.Address().Bytes(), common.Hash(stack.peek().Bytes32()), false)
+	if gas == 0 {
+		gas = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
+	}
+	return gas, nil
+}
+
+func gasBalance4762(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+	address := stack.peek().Bytes20()
+	gas := evm.Accesses.TouchBalance(address[:], false)
+	if gas == 0 {
+		gas = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
+	}
+	return gas, nil
+}
+
+func gasExtCodeSize4762(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+	address := stack.peek().Bytes20()
+	if _, isPrecompile := evm.precompile(address); isPrecompile {
+		return 0, nil
+	}
+	wgas := evm.Accesses.TouchVersion(address[:], false)
+	wgas += evm.Accesses.TouchCodeSize(address[:], false)
+	if wgas == 0 {
+		wgas = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
+	}
+	return wgas, nil
+}
+
+func gasExtCodeHash4762(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+	address := stack.peek().Bytes20()
+	if _, isPrecompile := evm.precompile(address); isPrecompile {
+		return 0, nil
+	}
+	codehashgas := evm.Accesses.TouchCodeHash(address[:], false)
+	if codehashgas == 0 {
+		codehashgas = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
+	}
+	return codehashgas, nil
+}
+
+func makeCallVariantGasEIP4762(oldCalculator gasFunc) gasFunc {
+	return func(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+		gas, err := oldCalculator(evm, contract, stack, mem, memorySize)
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+		if _, isPrecompile := evm.precompile(contract.Address()); isPrecompile {
+			return gas, nil
+		}
+		wgas := evm.Accesses.TouchAndChargeMessageCall(contract.Address().Bytes())
+		if wgas == 0 {
+			wgas = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
+		}
+		return wgas + gas, nil
+	}
+}
+
+var (
+	gasCallEIP4762         = makeCallVariantGasEIP4762(gasCall)
+	gasCallCodeEIP4762     = makeCallVariantGasEIP4762(gasCallCode)
+	gasStaticCallEIP4762   = makeCallVariantGasEIP4762(gasStaticCall)
+	gasDelegateCallEIP4762 = makeCallVariantGasEIP4762(gasDelegateCall)
+)
+
+func gasSelfdestructEIP4762(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+	beneficiaryAddr := common.Address(stack.peek().Bytes20())
+	if _, isPrecompile := evm.precompile(beneficiaryAddr); isPrecompile {
+		return 0, nil
+	}
+
+	contractAddr := contract.Address()
+	statelessGas := evm.Accesses.TouchVersion(contractAddr[:], false)
+	statelessGas += evm.Accesses.TouchCodeSize(contractAddr[:], false)
+	statelessGas += evm.Accesses.TouchBalance(contractAddr[:], false)
+	if contractAddr != beneficiaryAddr {
+		statelessGas += evm.Accesses.TouchBalance(beneficiaryAddr[:], false)
+	}
+	// Charge write costs if it transfers value
+	if evm.StateDB.GetBalance(contractAddr).Sign() != 0 {
+		statelessGas += evm.Accesses.TouchBalance(contractAddr[:], true)
+		if contractAddr != beneficiaryAddr {
+			statelessGas += evm.Accesses.TouchBalance(beneficiaryAddr[:], true)
+		}
+
+		// Case when the beneficiary does not exist: touch the account
+		// but leave code hash and size alone.
+		if evm.StateDB.Empty(beneficiaryAddr) {
+			statelessGas += evm.Accesses.TouchVersion(beneficiaryAddr[:], true)
+			statelessGas += evm.Accesses.TouchNonce(beneficiaryAddr[:], true)
+		}
+	}
+	return statelessGas, nil
+}
+
+func gasExtCodeCopyEIP4762(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+	// memory expansion first (dynamic part of pre-2929 implementation)
+	gas, err := gasExtCodeCopy(evm, contract, stack, mem, memorySize)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	addr := common.Address(stack.peek().Bytes20())
+	wgas := evm.Accesses.TouchVersion(addr[:], false)
+	wgas += evm.Accesses.TouchCodeSize(addr[:], false)
+	if wgas == 0 {
+		wgas = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
+	}
+	var overflow bool
+	// We charge (cold-warm), since 'warm' is already charged as constantGas
+	if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, wgas); overflow {
+		return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
+	}
+	return gas, nil
+}

params/config.go

@@ -806,6 +806,7 @@ func (err *ConfigCompatError) Error() string {
 type Rules struct {
 	ChainID                                                 *big.Int
 	IsHomestead, IsEIP150, IsEIP155, IsEIP158               bool
+	IsEIP2929, IsEIP4762                                    bool
 	IsByzantium, IsConstantinople, IsPetersburg, IsIstanbul bool
 	IsBerlin, IsLondon                                      bool
 	IsMerge, IsShanghai, IsCancun, IsPrague                 bool
@@ -828,6 +829,8 @@ func (c *ChainConfig) Rules(num *big.Int, isMerge bool, timestamp uint64) Rules
 		IsPetersburg:     c.IsPetersburg(num),
 		IsIstanbul:       c.IsIstanbul(num),
 		IsBerlin:         c.IsBerlin(num),
+		IsEIP2929:        c.IsBerlin(num) && !c.IsPrague(num, timestamp),
+		IsEIP4762:        c.IsPrague(num, timestamp),
 		IsLondon:         c.IsLondon(num),
 		IsMerge:          isMerge,
 		IsShanghai:       c.IsShanghai(num, timestamp),

params/protocol_params.go

@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ const (
 	LogTopicGas           uint64 = 375   // Multiplied by the * of the LOG*, per LOG transaction. e.g. LOG0 incurs 0 * c_txLogTopicGas, LOG4 incurs 4 * c_txLogTopicGas.
 	CreateGas             uint64 = 32000 // Once per CREATE operation & contract-creation transaction.
 	Create2Gas            uint64 = 32000 // Once per CREATE2 operation
+	CreateNGasEip4762     uint64 = 1000  // Once per CREATEn operations post-verkle
 	SelfdestructRefundGas uint64 = 24000 // Refunded following a selfdestruct operation.
 	MemoryGas             uint64 = 3     // Times the address of the (highest referenced byte in memory + 1). NOTE: referencing happens on read, write and in instructions such as RETURN and CALL.
 

trie/utils/verkle.go

@@ -26,11 +26,11 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
-	VersionLeafKey    = 0
+	VersionLeafKey  = 0
-	BalanceLeafKey    = 1
+	BalanceLeafKey  = 1
-	NonceLeafKey      = 2
+	NonceLeafKey    = 2
-	CodeKeccakLeafKey = 3
+	CodeHashLeafKey = 3
-	CodeSizeLeafKey   = 4
+	CodeSizeLeafKey = 4
 
 	maxPointCacheByteSize = 100 << 20
 )
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ func GetTreeKeyNonce(address []byte) []byte {
 }
 
 func GetTreeKeyCodeKeccak(address []byte) []byte {
-	return GetTreeKey(address, zero, CodeKeccakLeafKey)
+	return GetTreeKey(address, zero, CodeHashLeafKey)
 }
 
 func GetTreeKeyCodeSize(address []byte) []byte {

trie/utils/verkle_test.go

@@ -17,10 +17,11 @@
 package utils
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
+	"crypto/rand"
 	"crypto/sha256"
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"math/big"
-	"math/rand"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-verkle"
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ func sha256GetTreeKeyCodeSize(addr []byte) []byte {
 	copy(payload[:len(treeIndexBytes)], treeIndexBytes)
 	digest.Write(payload[:])
 	h := digest.Sum(nil)
-	h[31] = CodeKeccakLeafKey
+	h[31] = CodeHashLeafKey
 	return h
 }
 
@@ -93,3 +94,22 @@ func BenchmarkSha256Hash(b *testing.B) {
 		sha256GetTreeKeyCodeSize(addr[:])
 	}
 }
+
+func TestCompareGetTreeKeyWithEvaluated(t *testing.T) {
+	var addr [32]byte
+	rand.Read(addr[:])
+	addrpoint := EvaluateAddressPoint(addr[:])
+	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+		var val [32]byte
+		rand.Read(val[:])
+		n := uint256.NewInt(0).SetBytes(val[:])
+		n.Lsh(n, 8)
+		subindex := val[0]
+		tk1 := GetTreeKey(addr[:], n, subindex)
+		tk2 := GetTreeKeyWithEvaluatedAddess(addrpoint, n, subindex)
+
+		if !bytes.Equal(tk1, tk2) {
+			t.Fatalf("differing key: slot=%x, addr=%x", val, addr)
+		}
+	}
+}

trie/verkle.go

@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ func (t *VerkleTrie) GetAccount(addr common.Address) (*types.StateAccount, error
 	// been recreated after that, then its code keccak will NOT be 0. So return `nil` if
 	// the nonce, and values[10], and code keccak is 0.
 
-	if acc.Nonce == 0 && len(values) > 10 && len(values[10]) > 0 && bytes.Equal(values[utils.CodeKeccakLeafKey], zero[:]) {
+	if acc.Nonce == 0 && len(values) > 10 && len(values[10]) > 0 && bytes.Equal(values[utils.CodeHashLeafKey], zero[:]) {
 		if !t.ended {
 			return nil, errDeletedAccount
 		} else {
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ func (t *VerkleTrie) GetAccount(addr common.Address) (*types.StateAccount, error
 	// 	}
 	// }
 	acc.Balance = new(big.Int).SetBytes(balance[:])
-	acc.CodeHash = values[utils.CodeKeccakLeafKey]
+	acc.CodeHash = values[utils.CodeHashLeafKey]
 	// TODO fix the code size as well
 
 	return acc, nil
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ func (t *VerkleTrie) UpdateAccount(addr common.Address, acc *types.StateAccount)
 	values[utils.VersionLeafKey] = zero[:]
 	values[utils.NonceLeafKey] = nonce[:]
 	values[utils.BalanceLeafKey] = balance[:]
-	values[utils.CodeKeccakLeafKey] = acc.CodeHash[:]
+	values[utils.CodeHashLeafKey] = acc.CodeHash[:]
 
 	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(nonce[:], acc.Nonce)
 	bbytes := acc.Balance.Bytes()