merge master branch

.gitea/workflows/release-azure-cleanup.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 14 * * *'
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  azure-cleanup:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+    - name: Set up Go
+      uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+      with:
+        go-version: 1.24
+        cache: false
+
+    - name: Run cleanup script
+      run: |
+        go run build/ci.go purge -store gethstore/builds -days 14
+      env:
+        AZURE_BLOBSTORE_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.AZURE_BLOBSTORE_TOKEN }}

.gitea/workflows/release-ppa.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 15 * * *'
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - "release/*"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  ppa:
+    name: PPA Upload
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+    - name: Set up Go
+      uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+      with:
+        go-version: 1.24
+        cache: false
+
+    - name: Install deb toolchain
+      run: |
+        apt-get update
+        apt-get -yq --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends install devscripts debhelper dput fakeroot
+
+    - name: Add launchpad to known_hosts
+      run: |
+        echo '|1|7SiYPr9xl3uctzovOTj4gMwAC1M=|t6ReES75Bo/PxlOPJ6/GsGbTrM0= ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEA0aKz5UTUndYgIGG7dQBV+HaeuEZJ2xPHo2DS2iSKvUL4xNMSAY4UguNW+pX56nAQmZKIZZ8MaEvSj6zMEDiq6HFfn5JcTlM80UwlnyKe8B8p7Nk06PPQLrnmQt5fh0HmEcZx+JU9TZsfCHPnX7MNz4ELfZE6cFsclClrKim3BHUIGq//t93DllB+h4O9LHjEUsQ1Sr63irDLSutkLJD6RXchjROXkNirlcNVHH/jwLWR5RcYilNX7S5bIkK8NlWPjsn/8Ua5O7I9/YoE97PpO6i73DTGLh5H9JN/SITwCKBkgSDWUt61uPK3Y11Gty7o2lWsBjhBUm2Y38CBsoGmBw==' >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts
+
+    - name: Run ci.go
+      run: |
+        go run build/ci.go debsrc -upload ethereum/ethereum -sftp-user geth-ci -signer "Go Ethereum Linux Builder <geth-ci@ethereum.org>"
+      env:
+        PPA_SIGNING_KEY: ${{ secrets.PPA_SIGNING_KEY }}
+        PPA_SSH_KEY: ${{ secrets.PPA_SSH_KEY }}

.gitea/workflows/release.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - "master"
+    tags:
+      - "v*"
+
+jobs:
+  linux-intel:
+    name: Linux Build
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+    - name: Set up Go
+      uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+      with:
+        go-version: 1.24
+        cache: false
+
+    - name: Install cross toolchain
+      run: |
+        apt-get update
+        apt-get -yq --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends install gcc-multilib
+
+    - name: Build (amd64)
+      run: |
+        go run build/ci.go install -arch amd64 -dlgo
+
+    - name: Create/upload archive (amd64)
+      run: |
+        go run build/ci.go archive -arch amd64 -type tar -signer LINUX_SIGNING_KEY -upload gethstore/builds
+        rm -f build/bin/*
+      env:
+        LINUX_SIGNING_KEY: ${{ secrets.LINUX_SIGNING_KEY }}
+        AZURE_BLOBSTORE_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.AZURE_BLOBSTORE_TOKEN }}
+
+    - name: Build (386)
+      run: |
+        go run build/ci.go install -arch 386 -dlgo
+
+    - name: Create/upload archive (386)
+      run: |
+        go run build/ci.go archive -arch 386 -type tar -signer LINUX_SIGNING_KEY -upload gethstore/builds
+        rm -f build/bin/*
+      env:
+        LINUX_SIGNING_KEY: ${{ secrets.LINUX_SIGNING_KEY }}
+        AZURE_BLOBSTORE_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.AZURE_BLOBSTORE_TOKEN }}
+
+  linux-arm:
+    name: Linux Build (arm)
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+    - name: Set up Go
+      uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+      with:
+        go-version: 1.24
+        cache: false
+
+    - name: Install cross toolchain
+      run: |
+        apt-get update
+        apt-get -yq --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends install gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi libc6-dev-armel-cross gcc-arm-linux-gnueabihf libc6-dev-armhf-cross gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu libc6-dev-arm64-cross
+        ln -s /usr/include/asm-generic /usr/include/asm
+
+    - name: Build (arm64)
+      run: |
+        go run build/ci.go install -dlgo -arch arm64 -cc aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc
+
+    - name: Create/upload archive (arm64)
+      run: |
+        go run build/ci.go archive -arch arm64 -type tar -signer LINUX_SIGNING_KEY -upload gethstore/builds
+        rm -fr build/bin/*
+      env:
+        LINUX_SIGNING_KEY: ${{ secrets.LINUX_SIGNING_KEY }}
+        AZURE_BLOBSTORE_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.AZURE_BLOBSTORE_TOKEN }}
+
+    - name: Run build (arm5)
+      run: |
+        go run build/ci.go install -dlgo -arch arm -cc arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc
+      env:
+        GOARM: "5"
+
+    - name: Create/upload archive (arm5)
+      run: |
+        go run build/ci.go archive -arch arm -type tar -signer LINUX_SIGNING_KEY -upload gethstore/builds
+      env:
+        GOARM: "5"
+        LINUX_SIGNING_KEY: ${{ secrets.LINUX_SIGNING_KEY }}
+        AZURE_BLOBSTORE_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.AZURE_BLOBSTORE_TOKEN }}
+
+    - name: Run build (arm6)
+      run: |
+        go run build/ci.go install -dlgo -arch arm -cc arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc
+      env:
+        GOARM: "6"
+
+    - name: Create/upload archive (arm6)
+      run: |
+        go run build/ci.go archive -arch arm -type tar -signer LINUX_SIGNING_KEY -upload gethstore/builds
+        rm -fr build/bin/*
+      env:
+        GOARM: "6"
+        LINUX_SIGNING_KEY: ${{ secrets.LINUX_SIGNING_KEY }}
+        AZURE_BLOBSTORE_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.AZURE_BLOBSTORE_TOKEN }}
+
+    - name: Run build (arm7)
+      run: |
+        go run build/ci.go install -dlgo -arch arm -cc arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc
+      env:
+        GOARM: "7"
+
+    - name: Create/upload archive (arm7)
+      run: |
+        go run build/ci.go archive -arch arm -type tar -signer LINUX_SIGNING_KEY -upload gethstore/builds
+        rm -fr build/bin/*
+      env:
+        GOARM: "7"
+        LINUX_SIGNING_KEY: ${{ secrets.LINUX_SIGNING_KEY }}
+        AZURE_BLOBSTORE_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.AZURE_BLOBSTORE_TOKEN }}
+
+  docker:
+    name: Docker Image
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+    - name: Set up QEMU
+      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+
+    - name: Set up Docker Buildx
+      uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+
+    - name: Set up Go
+      uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+      with:
+        go-version: 1.24
+        cache: false
+
+    - name: Run docker build
+      env:
+        DOCKER_HUB_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_HUB_USERNAME }}
+        DOCKER_HUB_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_HUB_PASSWORD }}
+      run: |
+        go run build/ci.go dockerx -platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/riscv64 -upload

.mailmap

@@ -50,6 +50,10 @@ Boqin Qin <bobbqqin@bupt.edu.cn> <Bobbqqin@gmail.com>
 
 Casey Detrio <cdetrio@gmail.com>
 
+Charlotte <tqpcharlie@proton.me>
+Charlotte <tqpcharlie@proton.me> <Zachinquarantine@protonmail.com>
+Charlotte <tqpcharlie@proton.me> <zachinquarantine@yahoo.com>
+
 Cheng Li <lob4tt@gmail.com>
 
 Chris Ziogas <ziogaschr@gmail.com>
@@ -301,9 +305,6 @@ Yohann Léon <sybiload@gmail.com>
 yzb <335357057@qq.com>
 yzb <335357057@qq.com> <flyingyzb@gmail.com>
 
-Zachinquarantine <Zachinquarantine@protonmail.com>
-Zachinquarantine <Zachinquarantine@protonmail.com> <zachinquarantine@yahoo.com>
-
 Ziyuan Zhong <zzy.albert@163.com>
 
 Zsolt Felföldi <zsfelfoldi@gmail.com>

.travis.yml

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ jobs:
   include:
     # This builder create and push the Docker images for all architectures
     - stage: build
-      if: type = push
+      if: type = push && tag ~= /^v[0-9]/
       os: linux
       arch: amd64
       dist: focal
@@ -21,9 +21,25 @@ jobs:
       script:
         - go run build/ci.go dockerx -platform "linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/riscv64" -hub ethereum/client-go -upload
 
+    # This builder does the Ubuntu PPA nightly uploads
+    - stage: build
+      if: type = push && tag ~= /^v[0-9]/
+      os: linux
+      dist: focal
+      go: 1.24.x
+      env:
+        - ubuntu-ppa
+      git:
+        submodules: false # avoid cloning ethereum/tests
+      before_install:
+        - sudo -E apt-get -yq --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends install devscripts debhelper dput fakeroot
+      script:
+        - echo '|1|7SiYPr9xl3uctzovOTj4gMwAC1M=|t6ReES75Bo/PxlOPJ6/GsGbTrM0= ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEA0aKz5UTUndYgIGG7dQBV+HaeuEZJ2xPHo2DS2iSKvUL4xNMSAY4UguNW+pX56nAQmZKIZZ8MaEvSj6zMEDiq6HFfn5JcTlM80UwlnyKe8B8p7Nk06PPQLrnmQt5fh0HmEcZx+JU9TZsfCHPnX7MNz4ELfZE6cFsclClrKim3BHUIGq//t93DllB+h4O9LHjEUsQ1Sr63irDLSutkLJD6RXchjROXkNirlcNVHH/jwLWR5RcYilNX7S5bIkK8NlWPjsn/8Ua5O7I9/YoE97PpO6i73DTGLh5H9JN/SITwCKBkgSDWUt61uPK3Y11Gty7o2lWsBjhBUm2Y38CBsoGmBw==' >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts
+        - go run build/ci.go debsrc -upload ethereum/ethereum -sftp-user geth-ci -signer "Go Ethereum Linux Builder <geth-ci@ethereum.org>"
+
     # This builder does the Linux Azure uploads
     - stage: build
-      if: type = push
+      if: type = push && tag ~= /^v[0-9]/
       os: linux
       dist: focal
       sudo: required
@@ -56,40 +72,6 @@ jobs:
         - go run build/ci.go install -dlgo -arch arm64 -cc aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc
         - go run build/ci.go archive -arch arm64 -type tar -signer LINUX_SIGNING_KEY -signify SIGNIFY_KEY -upload gethstore/builds
 
-    # These builders run the tests
-    - stage: build
-      if: type = push
-      os: linux
-      arch: amd64
-      dist: focal
-      go: 1.24.x
-      script:
-        - travis_wait 45 go run build/ci.go test $TEST_PACKAGES
-
-    - stage: build
-      if: type = push
-      os: linux
-      dist: focal
-      go: 1.23.x
-      script:
-        - travis_wait 45 go run build/ci.go test $TEST_PACKAGES
-
-    # This builder does the Ubuntu PPA nightly uploads
-    - stage: build
-      if: type = cron || (type = push && tag ~= /^v[0-9]/)
-      os: linux
-      dist: focal
-      go: 1.24.x
-      env:
-        - ubuntu-ppa
-      git:
-        submodules: false # avoid cloning ethereum/tests
-      before_install:
-        - sudo -E apt-get -yq --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends install devscripts debhelper dput fakeroot
-      script:
-        - echo '|1|7SiYPr9xl3uctzovOTj4gMwAC1M=|t6ReES75Bo/PxlOPJ6/GsGbTrM0= ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEA0aKz5UTUndYgIGG7dQBV+HaeuEZJ2xPHo2DS2iSKvUL4xNMSAY4UguNW+pX56nAQmZKIZZ8MaEvSj6zMEDiq6HFfn5JcTlM80UwlnyKe8B8p7Nk06PPQLrnmQt5fh0HmEcZx+JU9TZsfCHPnX7MNz4ELfZE6cFsclClrKim3BHUIGq//t93DllB+h4O9LHjEUsQ1Sr63irDLSutkLJD6RXchjROXkNirlcNVHH/jwLWR5RcYilNX7S5bIkK8NlWPjsn/8Ua5O7I9/YoE97PpO6i73DTGLh5H9JN/SITwCKBkgSDWUt61uPK3Y11Gty7o2lWsBjhBUm2Y38CBsoGmBw==' >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts
-        - go run build/ci.go debsrc -upload ethereum/ethereum -sftp-user geth-ci -signer "Go Ethereum Linux Builder <geth-ci@ethereum.org>"
-
     # This builder does the Azure archive purges to avoid accumulating junk
     - stage: build
       if: type = cron
@@ -102,14 +84,3 @@ jobs:
         submodules: false # avoid cloning ethereum/tests
       script:
         - go run build/ci.go purge -store gethstore/builds -days 14
-
-    # This builder executes race tests
-    - stage: build
-      if: type = cron
-      os: linux
-      dist: focal
-      go: 1.24.x
-      env:
-        - racetests
-      script:
-        - travis_wait 60 go run build/ci.go test -race $TEST_PACKAGES

AUTHORS

@@ -123,6 +123,7 @@ Ceyhun Onur <ceyhun.onur@avalabs.org>
 chabashilah <doumodoumo@gmail.com>
 changhong <changhong.yu@shanbay.com>
 Charles Cooper <cooper.charles.m@gmail.com>
+Charlotte <tqpcharlie@proton.me>
 Chase Wright <mysticryuujin@gmail.com>
 Chawin Aiemvaravutigul <nick41746@hotmail.com>
 Chen Quan <terasum@163.com>
@@ -839,7 +840,6 @@ ywzqwwt <39263032+ywzqwwt@users.noreply.github.com>
 yzb <335357057@qq.com>
 zaccoding <zaccoding725@gmail.com>
 Zach <zach.ramsay@gmail.com>
-Zachinquarantine <Zachinquarantine@protonmail.com>
 zah <zahary@gmail.com>
 Zahoor Mohamed <zahoor@zahoor.in>
 Zak Cole <zak@beattiecole.com>

README.md

@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ accessible from the outside.
 
 As a developer, sooner rather than later you'll want to start interacting with `geth` and the
 Ethereum network via your own programs and not manually through the console. To aid
-this, `geth` has built-in support for a JSON-RPC based APIs ([standard APIs](https://ethereum.github.io/execution-apis/api-documentation/)
+this, `geth` has built-in support for a JSON-RPC based APIs ([standard APIs](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/)
 and [`geth` specific APIs](https://geth.ethereum.org/docs/interacting-with-geth/rpc)).
 These can be exposed via HTTP, WebSockets and IPC (UNIX sockets on UNIX based
 platforms, and named pipes on Windows).

accounts/abi/abigen/testdata/v2/structs-abi.go.txt

@@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
-// Code generated via abigen V2 - DO NOT EDIT.
-// This file is a generated binding and any manual changes will be lost.
-
-package v1bindtests
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"errors"
-	"math/big"
-
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi/bind/v2"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
-)
-
-// Reference imports to suppress errors if they are not otherwise used.
-var (
-	_ = bytes.Equal
-	_ = errors.New
-	_ = big.NewInt
-	_ = common.Big1
-	_ = types.BloomLookup
-	_ = abi.ConvertType
-)
-
-// Struct0 is an auto generated low-level Go binding around an user-defined struct.
-type Struct0 struct {
-	B [32]byte
-}
-
-// StructsMetaData contains all meta data concerning the Structs contract.
-var StructsMetaData = bind.MetaData{
-	ABI: "[{\"inputs\":[],\"name\":\"F\",\"outputs\":[{\"components\":[{\"internalType\":\"bytes32\",\"name\":\"B\",\"type\":\"bytes32\"}],\"internalType\":\"structStructs.A[]\",\"name\":\"a\",\"type\":\"tuple[]\"},{\"internalType\":\"uint256[]\",\"name\":\"c\",\"type\":\"uint256[]\"},{\"internalType\":\"bool[]\",\"name\":\"d\",\"type\":\"bool[]\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\",\"type\":\"function\"},{\"inputs\":[],\"name\":\"G\",\"outputs\":[{\"components\":[{\"internalType\":\"bytes32\",\"name\":\"B\",\"type\":\"bytes32\"}],\"internalType\":\"structStructs.A[]\",\"name\":\"a\",\"type\":\"tuple[]\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\",\"type\":\"function\"}]",
-	ID:  "Structs",
-}
-
-// Structs is an auto generated Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
-type Structs struct {
-	abi abi.ABI
-}
-
-// NewStructs creates a new instance of Structs.
-func NewStructs() *Structs {
-	parsed, err := StructsMetaData.ParseABI()
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(errors.New("invalid ABI: " + err.Error()))
-	}
-	return &Structs{abi: *parsed}
-}
-
-// Instance creates a wrapper for a deployed contract instance at the given address.
-<<<<<<< HEAD
-// Use this to create the instance object passed to abigen v2 library functions Call, Transact, etc.
-func (c *Structs) Instance(backend bind.ContractBackend, addr common.Address) *bind.BoundContract {
-	return bind.NewBoundContract(addr, c.abi, backend, backend, backend)
-=======
-// Use this to create the instance object passed to abigen v2 library functions Call,
-// Transact, etc.
-func (c *Structs) Instance(backend bind.ContractBackend, addr common.Address) bind.BoundContract {
-	return bind.NewBoundContract(backend, addr, c.abi)
->>>>>>> 854c25e086 (accounts/abi/abigen: improve v2 template)
-}
-
-// F is the Go binding used to pack the parameters required for calling
-// the contract method 0x28811f59.
-//
-// Solidity: function F() view returns((bytes32)[] a, uint256[] c, bool[] d)
-func (structs *Structs) PackF() ([]byte, error) {
-	return structs.abi.Pack("F")
-}
-
-// FOutput serves as a container for the return parameters of contract
-// method F.
-type FOutput struct {
-	A []Struct0
-	C []*big.Int
-	D []bool
-}
-
-// UnpackF is the Go binding that unpacks the parameters returned
-// from invoking the contract method with ID 0x28811f59.
-//
-// Solidity: function F() view returns((bytes32)[] a, uint256[] c, bool[] d)
-func (structs *Structs) UnpackF(data []byte) (*FOutput, error) {
-	out, err := structs.abi.Unpack("F", data)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	ret := new(FOutput)
-	ret.A = *abi.ConvertType(out[0], new([]Struct0)).(*[]Struct0)
-	ret.C = *abi.ConvertType(out[1], new([]*big.Int)).(*[]*big.Int)
-	ret.D = *abi.ConvertType(out[2], new([]bool)).(*[]bool)
-	return ret, nil
-}
-
-// G is the Go binding used to pack the parameters required for calling
-// the contract method 0x6fecb623.
-//
-// Solidity: function G() view returns((bytes32)[] a)
-func (structs *Structs) PackG() ([]byte, error) {
-	return structs.abi.Pack("G")
-}
-
-// UnpackG is the Go binding that unpacks the parameters returned
-// from invoking the contract method with ID 0x6fecb623.
-//
-// Solidity: function G() view returns((bytes32)[] a)
-func (structs *Structs) UnpackG(data []byte) (*[]Struct0, error) {
-	out, err := structs.abi.Unpack("G", data)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	out0 := *abi.ConvertType(out[0], new([]Struct0)).(*[]Struct0)
-	return &out0, nil
-}

build/checksums.txt

@@ -1,58 +1,58 @@
 # This file contains sha256 checksums of optional build dependencies.
 
-# version:spec-tests pectra-devnet-6@v1.0.0
+# version:spec-tests v4.5.0
 # https://github.com/ethereum/execution-spec-tests/releases
-# https://github.com/ethereum/execution-spec-tests/releases/download/pectra-devnet-6%40v1.0.0/
+# https://github.com/ethereum/execution-spec-tests/releases/download/v4.5.0/
-b69211752a3029083c020dc635fe12156ca1a6725a08559da540a0337586a77e  fixtures_pectra-devnet-6.tar.gz
+58afb92a0075a2cb7c4dec1281f7cb88b21b02afbedad096b580f3f8cc14c54c  fixtures_develop.tar.gz
 
-# version:golang 1.24.2
+# version:golang 1.24.3
 # https://go.dev/dl/
-9dc77ffadc16d837a1bf32d99c624cb4df0647cee7b119edd9e7b1bcc05f2e00  go1.24.2.src.tar.gz
+229c08b600b1446798109fae1f569228102c8473caba8104b6418cb5bc032878  go1.24.3.src.tar.gz
-427b373540d8fd51dbcc46bdecd340af109cd41514443c000d3dcde72b2c65a3  go1.24.2.aix-ppc64.tar.gz
+6f6901497547db3b77c14f7f953fbcef9fa5fb84199ee2ee14a5686e66bed5a6  go1.24.3.aix-ppc64.tar.gz
-238d9c065d09ff6af229d2e3b8b5e85e688318d69f4006fb85a96e41c216ea83  go1.24.2.darwin-amd64.tar.gz
+a05fa7e4043a4fec66897135219e3b8ab2202b5ef351c60c2fbb531dfb8f2900  go1.24.3.darwin-amd64.pkg
-535ed9ff283fee39575a7fb9b6d8b1901b6dc640d06dc71fd7d3faeefdaf8030  go1.24.2.darwin-amd64.pkg
+13e6fe3fcf65689d77d40e633de1e31c6febbdbcb846eb05fc2434ed2213e92b  go1.24.3.darwin-amd64.tar.gz
-b70f8b3c5b4ccb0ad4ffa5ee91cd38075df20fdbd953a1daedd47f50fbcff47a  go1.24.2.darwin-arm64.tar.gz
+97055ff4214043b39dc32e043fdd5c565df7c0a4e2fc0174e779a134c347ae0e  go1.24.3.darwin-arm64.pkg
-4732f607a47ce4d898c0af01ff68f07e0820a6b50603aef5d5c777d1102505e2  go1.24.2.darwin-arm64.pkg
+64a3fa22142f627e78fac3018ce3d4aeace68b743eff0afda8aae0411df5e4fb  go1.24.3.darwin-arm64.tar.gz
-c17686b5fd61a663fbfafccfa177961be59386cf294e935ce35866b9dcb8e78a  go1.24.2.dragonfly-amd64.tar.gz
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-026f1dd906189acff714c7625686bbc4ed91042618ba010d45b671461acc9e63  go1.24.2.freebsd-386.tar.gz
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-49399ba759b570a8f87d12179133403da6c2dd296d63a8830dee309161b9c40c  go1.24.2.freebsd-amd64.tar.gz
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-1f48f47183794d97c29736004247ab541177cf984ac6322c78bc43828daa1172  go1.24.2.freebsd-arm.tar.gz
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-ef856428b60a8c0bd9a2cba596e83024be6f1c2d5574e89cb1ff2262b08df8b9  go1.24.2.freebsd-arm64.tar.gz
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-ec2088823e16df00600a6d0f72e9a7dc6d2f80c9c140c2043c0cf20e1404d1a9  go1.24.2.freebsd-riscv64.tar.gz
+f9db392560cf0851f0bc8f2190e1978e01b4603038c27fecfc8658a695b71616  go1.24.3.freebsd-riscv64.tar.gz
-e030e7cedbb8688f1d75cb80f3de6ee2e6617a67d34051e794e5992b53462147  go1.24.2.illumos-amd64.tar.gz
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-4c382776d52313266f3026236297a224a6688751256a2dffa3f524d8d6f6c0ba  go1.24.2.linux-386.tar.gz
+41b1051063e68cbd2b919bf12326764fe33937cf1d32b5c529dd1a4f43dce578  go1.24.3.linux-386.tar.gz
-68097bd680839cbc9d464a0edce4f7c333975e27a90246890e9f1078c7e702ad  go1.24.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz
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-756274ea4b68fa5535eb9fe2559889287d725a8da63c6aae4d5f23778c229f4b  go1.24.2.linux-arm64.tar.gz
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-438d5d3d7dcb239b58d893a715672eabe670b9730b1fd1c8fc858a46722a598a  go1.24.2.linux-armv6l.tar.gz
+17a392d7e826625dd12a32099df0b00b85c32d8132ed86fe917183ee5c3f88ed  go1.24.3.linux-armv6l.tar.gz
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-93e49bb4692783b0e9a2deab9558c6e8d2867f35592aeff285adda60924167f3  go1.24.2.linux-mips.tar.gz
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-f233d237538ca1559a7d7cf519a29f0147923a951377bc4e467af4c059e68851  go1.24.2.linux-mips64le.tar.gz
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-545e1b9a7939f923fd53bde98334b987ef42eb353ee3e0bfede8aa06079d6b24  go1.24.2.linux-mipsle.tar.gz
+93898313887f14e8efbe9d7386d5da4792b2d6c492bee562993fd4c9daa75c6d  go1.24.3.linux-mipsle.tar.gz
-6eab31481f2f46187bc1b6c887662eef06fc9d7271a8390854072cdb387c8d74  go1.24.2.linux-ppc64.tar.gz
+873ae3a6a6655a7b6f820e095d9965507e8dfd3cf76bc92d75c564ecbca385f6  go1.24.3.linux-ppc64.tar.gz
-5fff857791d541c71d8ea0171c73f6f99770d15ff7e2ad979104856d01f36563  go1.24.2.linux-ppc64le.tar.gz
+341a749d168f47b1d4dad25e32cae70849b7ceed7c290823b853c9e6b0df0856  go1.24.3.linux-ppc64le.tar.gz
-91bda1558fcbd1c92769ad86c8f5cf796f8c67b0d9d9c19f76eecfc75ce71527  go1.24.2.linux-riscv64.tar.gz
+fa482f53ccb4ba280316b8c5751ea67291507280d9166f2a38fe4d9b5d5fb64b  go1.24.3.linux-riscv64.tar.gz
-1cb3448166d6abb515a85a3ee5afbdf932081fb58ad7143a8fb666fbc06146d9  go1.24.2.linux-s390x.tar.gz
+a87b0c2a079a0bece1620fb29a00e02b4dba17507850f837e754af7d57cda282  go1.24.3.linux-s390x.tar.gz
-a9a2c0db2e826f20f00b02bee01dfdaeb49591c2f6ffacb78dc64a950894f7ff  go1.24.2.netbsd-386.tar.gz
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-cd1a35b76ed9c7b6c0c1616741bd319699a77867ade0be9924f32496c0a87a3f  go1.24.2.netbsd-amd64.tar.gz
+fe2c5c79482958b867c08a4fc2a10a998de9c0206b08d5b3ebcb2232e8d2777c  go1.24.3.netbsd-amd64.tar.gz
-8c666388d066e479155cc5116950eeb435df28087ef277c18f1dc7479f836e60  go1.24.2.netbsd-arm.tar.gz
+e8ff77aef21521b5dd94e44282a3243309b80717414cf12f72835a45886a049f  go1.24.3.netbsd-arm.tar.gz
-5d42f0be04f58da5be788a1e260f8747c316b8ce182bf0b273c2e4c691feaa1a  go1.24.2.netbsd-arm64.tar.gz
+b337fbaf82822685940ffaa76fbcf4be5d2f0258bc819cd80bc408b491f45c04  go1.24.3.netbsd-arm64.tar.gz
-688effa23ea3973cc8b0fdf4246712cbeef55ff20c45f3a9e28b0c2db04246cf  go1.24.2.openbsd-386.tar.gz
+c1bb9dd8418480aa7f65452b08de3759da3bf89702be71b5a9fc084836b24ad5  go1.24.3.openbsd-386.tar.gz
-e5daf95f1048d8026b1366450a3f8044d668b0639db6422ad9a83755c6745cf7  go1.24.2.openbsd-amd64.tar.gz
+531218de748b0caaf6d1ad18921206fc12baaa89bf483a0a5e60a571c206fe6f  go1.24.3.openbsd-amd64.tar.gz
-aeadaf74bd544d1a12ba9b14c0e7cdb1964de3ba9a52acb4619e91dbae7def7b  go1.24.2.openbsd-arm.tar.gz
+bcd0dc959986fc346969b5d4111c3c8031882d8bf8d87a2c2ecf1328962a91f2  go1.24.3.openbsd-arm.tar.gz
-9e222d9adb0ce836a5b3c8d5aadbd167c8869c030b113f4a81aa88e9a200f279  go1.24.2.openbsd-arm64.tar.gz
+00ee6f8f1c41fd2e28ad386bd7e39acce7cab84af6de835855b29d1c597335c4  go1.24.3.openbsd-arm64.tar.gz
-192fffa34536adc3cd1bb7c1ee785b8bc156ae7afd10bbf5db99ec8f2e93066e  go1.24.2.openbsd-ppc64.tar.gz
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-a23e90b451a390549042c2a7efbec6f29ed98b2d5618c8d2a35704e21be96e09  go1.24.2.openbsd-riscv64.tar.gz
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-5cdcafe455d859b02779611a5a1e1d63e498b922e05818fb3debe410a5959e9e  go1.24.2.plan9-386.tar.gz
+f5d02149132eedda6c2d46b360d7da462b8a5f9e3f8567db100c2d7bff0ddcd7  go1.24.3.plan9-386.tar.gz
-81351659804fa505c1b3ec6fdf9599f7f88df08614307eeb96071bf5e2e74beb  go1.24.2.plan9-amd64.tar.gz
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-6e337d5def14ed0123423c1c32e2e6d8b19161e5d5ffaa7356dad48ee0fd80b4  go1.24.2.plan9-arm.tar.gz
+d1e4ac15095da1611659261c2228c2058756cf87d61d9fad262f76755ef26849  go1.24.3.plan9-arm.tar.gz
-07e6926ebc476c044d7d5b17706abfc52be52bccc2073d1734174efe63c6b35e  go1.24.2.solaris-amd64.tar.gz
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-13d86cb818bba331da75fcd18246ab31a1067b44fb4a243b6dfd93097eda7f37  go1.24.2.windows-386.zip
+0d7e7dc0a31ba0cdd487415709d03b02fc9490ef111e8dfd22788a6d63316f37  go1.24.3.windows-386.msi
-8a702d9f7104a15bd935f4191c58c24c0b6389e066b9d5661b93915114a2bef0  go1.24.2.windows-386.msi
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-29c553aabee0743e2ffa3e9fa0cda00ef3b3cc4ff0bc92007f31f80fd69892e1  go1.24.2.windows-amd64.zip
+d5b7637e7e138be877d96a4501709d480e050d86a8f402bc950e72112b5aedc5  go1.24.3.windows-amd64.msi
-acefb191e72fea0bdb1a3f5f8f6f5ab18b42b3bbce0c7183f189f25953aff275  go1.24.2.windows-amd64.msi
+be9787cb08998b1860fe3513e48a5fe5b96302d358a321b58e651184fa9638b3  go1.24.3.windows-amd64.zip
-ab267f7f9a3366d48d7664be9e627ce3e63273231430cce5f7783fb910f14148  go1.24.2.windows-arm64.zip
+7efde2e5e8468e9caf2c7fc94f4da78a726a5031a1ed63acff7899527cdddff6  go1.24.3.windows-arm64.msi
-d187bfe539356c39573d2f46766d1d08122b4f33da00fd14d12485fa9e241ff5  go1.24.2.windows-arm64.msi
+eec9fa736056b54dd88ecb669db2bfad39b0c48f6f9080f036dfa1ca42dc4bb5  go1.24.3.windows-arm64.zip
 
 # version:golangci 2.0.2
 # https://github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/releases/

build/ci.go

@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/cespare/cp"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto/signify"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/build"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/download"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/version"
 )
 
@@ -190,7 +191,7 @@ func doInstall(cmdline []string) {
 	// Configure the toolchain.
 	tc := build.GoToolchain{GOARCH: *arch, CC: *cc}
 	if *dlgo {
-		csdb := build.MustLoadChecksums("build/checksums.txt")
+		csdb := download.MustLoadChecksums("build/checksums.txt")
 		tc.Root = build.DownloadGo(csdb)
 	}
 	// Disable CLI markdown doc generation in release builds.
@@ -285,7 +286,7 @@ func doTest(cmdline []string) {
 	flag.CommandLine.Parse(cmdline)
 
 	// Get test fixtures.
-	csdb := build.MustLoadChecksums("build/checksums.txt")
+	csdb := download.MustLoadChecksums("build/checksums.txt")
 	downloadSpecTestFixtures(csdb, *cachedir)
 
 	// Configure the toolchain.
@@ -329,16 +330,11 @@ func doTest(cmdline []string) {
 }
 
 // downloadSpecTestFixtures downloads and extracts the execution-spec-tests fixtures.
-func downloadSpecTestFixtures(csdb *build.ChecksumDB, cachedir string) string {
+func downloadSpecTestFixtures(csdb *download.ChecksumDB, cachedir string) string {
-	executionSpecTestsVersion, err := build.Version(csdb, "spec-tests")
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatal(err)
-	}
 	ext := ".tar.gz"
-	base := "fixtures_pectra-devnet-6" // TODO(s1na) rename once the version becomes part of the filename
+	base := "fixtures_develop"
-	url := fmt.Sprintf("https://github.com/ethereum/execution-spec-tests/releases/download/%s/%s%s", executionSpecTestsVersion, base, ext)
 	archivePath := filepath.Join(cachedir, base+ext)
-	if err := csdb.DownloadFile(url, archivePath); err != nil {
+	if err := csdb.DownloadFileFromKnownURL(archivePath); err != nil {
 		log.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	if err := build.ExtractArchive(archivePath, executionSpecTestsDir); err != nil {
@@ -444,14 +440,13 @@ func doLint(cmdline []string) {
 
 // downloadLinter downloads and unpacks golangci-lint.
 func downloadLinter(cachedir string) string {
-	csdb := build.MustLoadChecksums("build/checksums.txt")
+	csdb := download.MustLoadChecksums("build/checksums.txt")
-	version, err := build.Version(csdb, "golangci")
+	version, err := csdb.FindVersion("golangci")
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	arch := runtime.GOARCH
 	ext := ".tar.gz"
-
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
 		ext = ".zip"
 	}
@@ -459,9 +454,8 @@ func downloadLinter(cachedir string) string {
 		arch += "v" + os.Getenv("GOARM")
 	}
 	base := fmt.Sprintf("golangci-lint-%s-%s-%s", version, runtime.GOOS, arch)
-	url := fmt.Sprintf("https://github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/releases/download/v%s/%s%s", version, base, ext)
 	archivePath := filepath.Join(cachedir, base+ext)
-	if err := csdb.DownloadFile(url, archivePath); err != nil {
+	if err := csdb.DownloadFileFromKnownURL(archivePath); err != nil {
 		log.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	if err := build.ExtractArchive(archivePath, cachedir); err != nil {
@@ -497,8 +491,8 @@ func protocArchiveBaseName() (string, error) {
 // in the generate command.  It returns the full path of the directory
 // containing the 'protoc-gen-go' executable.
 func downloadProtocGenGo(cachedir string) string {
-	csdb := build.MustLoadChecksums("build/checksums.txt")
+	csdb := download.MustLoadChecksums("build/checksums.txt")
-	version, err := build.Version(csdb, "protoc-gen-go")
+	version, err := csdb.FindVersion("protoc-gen-go")
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -510,10 +504,8 @@ func downloadProtocGenGo(cachedir string) string {
 		archiveName += ".tar.gz"
 	}
 
-	url := fmt.Sprintf("https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf-go/releases/download/v%s/%s", version, archiveName)
-
 	archivePath := path.Join(cachedir, archiveName)
-	if err := csdb.DownloadFile(url, archivePath); err != nil {
+	if err := csdb.DownloadFileFromKnownURL(archivePath); err != nil {
 		log.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	extractDest := filepath.Join(cachedir, baseName)
@@ -531,8 +523,8 @@ func downloadProtocGenGo(cachedir string) string {
 // files as a CI step.  It returns the full path to the directory containing
 // the protoc executable.
 func downloadProtoc(cachedir string) string {
-	csdb := build.MustLoadChecksums("build/checksums.txt")
+	csdb := download.MustLoadChecksums("build/checksums.txt")
-	version, err := build.Version(csdb, "protoc")
+	version, err := csdb.FindVersion("protoc")
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -543,10 +535,8 @@ func downloadProtoc(cachedir string) string {
 
 	fileName := fmt.Sprintf("protoc-%s-%s", version, baseName)
 	archiveFileName := fileName + ".zip"
-	url := fmt.Sprintf("https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/download/v%s/%s", version, archiveFileName)
 	archivePath := filepath.Join(cachedir, archiveFileName)
-
+	if err := csdb.DownloadFileFromKnownURL(archivePath); err != nil {
-	if err := csdb.DownloadFile(url, archivePath); err != nil {
 		log.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	extractDest := filepath.Join(cachedir, fileName)
@@ -826,18 +816,17 @@ func doDebianSource(cmdline []string) {
 // downloadGoBootstrapSources downloads the Go source tarball(s) that will be used
 // to bootstrap the builder Go.
 func downloadGoBootstrapSources(cachedir string) []string {
-	csdb := build.MustLoadChecksums("build/checksums.txt")
+	csdb := download.MustLoadChecksums("build/checksums.txt")
 
 	var bundles []string
 	for _, booter := range []string{"ppa-builder-1.19", "ppa-builder-1.21", "ppa-builder-1.23"} {
-		gobootVersion, err := build.Version(csdb, booter)
+		gobootVersion, err := csdb.FindVersion(booter)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Fatal(err)
 		}
 		file := fmt.Sprintf("go%s.src.tar.gz", gobootVersion)
-		url := "https://dl.google.com/go/" + file
 		dst := filepath.Join(cachedir, file)
-		if err := csdb.DownloadFile(url, dst); err != nil {
+		if err := csdb.DownloadFileFromKnownURL(dst); err != nil {
 			log.Fatal(err)
 		}
 		bundles = append(bundles, dst)
@@ -847,15 +836,14 @@ func downloadGoBootstrapSources(cachedir string) []string {
 
 // downloadGoSources downloads the Go source tarball.
 func downloadGoSources(cachedir string) string {
-	csdb := build.MustLoadChecksums("build/checksums.txt")
+	csdb := download.MustLoadChecksums("build/checksums.txt")
-	dlgoVersion, err := build.Version(csdb, "golang")
+	dlgoVersion, err := csdb.FindVersion("golang")
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	file := fmt.Sprintf("go%s.src.tar.gz", dlgoVersion)
-	url := "https://dl.google.com/go/" + file
 	dst := filepath.Join(cachedir, file)
-	if err := csdb.DownloadFile(url, dst); err != nil {
+	if err := csdb.DownloadFileFromKnownURL(dst); err != nil {
 		log.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	return dst
@@ -1181,5 +1169,6 @@ func doPurge(cmdline []string) {
 }
 
 func doSanityCheck() {
-	build.DownloadAndVerifyChecksums(build.MustLoadChecksums("build/checksums.txt"))
+	csdb := download.MustLoadChecksums("build/checksums.txt")
+	csdb.DownloadAndVerifyAll()
 }

cmd/devp2p/internal/ethtest/conn.go

@@ -66,10 +66,9 @@ func (s *Suite) dialAs(key *ecdsa.PrivateKey) (*Conn, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	conn.caps = []p2p.Cap{
-		{Name: "eth", Version: 67},
+		{Name: "eth", Version: 69},
-		{Name: "eth", Version: 68},
 	}
-	conn.ourHighestProtoVersion = 68
+	conn.ourHighestProtoVersion = 69
 	return &conn, nil
 }
 
@@ -156,7 +155,7 @@ func (c *Conn) ReadEth() (any, error) {
 		var msg any
 		switch int(code) {
 		case eth.StatusMsg:
-			msg = new(eth.StatusPacket)
+			msg = new(eth.StatusPacket69)
 		case eth.GetBlockHeadersMsg:
 			msg = new(eth.GetBlockHeadersPacket)
 		case eth.BlockHeadersMsg:
@@ -229,9 +228,21 @@ func (c *Conn) ReadSnap() (any, error) {
 	}
 }
 
+// dialAndPeer creates a peer connection and runs the handshake.
+func (s *Suite) dialAndPeer(status *eth.StatusPacket69) (*Conn, error) {
+	c, err := s.dial()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err = c.peer(s.chain, status); err != nil {
+		c.Close()
+	}
+	return c, err
+}
+
 // peer performs both the protocol handshake and the status message
 // exchange with the node in order to peer with it.
-func (c *Conn) peer(chain *Chain, status *eth.StatusPacket) error {
+func (c *Conn) peer(chain *Chain, status *eth.StatusPacket69) error {
 	if err := c.handshake(); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("handshake failed: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -304,7 +315,7 @@ func (c *Conn) negotiateEthProtocol(caps []p2p.Cap) {
 }
 
 // statusExchange performs a `Status` message exchange with the given node.
-func (c *Conn) statusExchange(chain *Chain, status *eth.StatusPacket) error {
+func (c *Conn) statusExchange(chain *Chain, status *eth.StatusPacket69) error {
 loop:
 	for {
 		code, data, err := c.Read()
@@ -313,12 +324,16 @@ loop:
 		}
 		switch code {
 		case eth.StatusMsg + protoOffset(ethProto):
-			msg := new(eth.StatusPacket)
+			msg := new(eth.StatusPacket69)
 			if err := rlp.DecodeBytes(data, &msg); err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("error decoding status packet: %w", err)
 			}
-			if have, want := msg.Head, chain.blocks[chain.Len()-1].Hash(); have != want {
+			if have, want := msg.LatestBlock, chain.blocks[chain.Len()-1].NumberU64(); have != want {
-				return fmt.Errorf("wrong head block in status, want:  %#x (block %d) have %#x",
+				return fmt.Errorf("wrong head block in status, want: %d, have %d",
+					want, have)
+			}
+			if have, want := msg.LatestBlockHash, chain.blocks[chain.Len()-1].Hash(); have != want {
+				return fmt.Errorf("wrong head block in status, want: %#x (block %d) have %#x",
 					want, chain.blocks[chain.Len()-1].NumberU64(), have)
 			}
 			if have, want := msg.ForkID, chain.ForkID(); !reflect.DeepEqual(have, want) {
@@ -348,13 +363,14 @@ loop:
 	}
 	if status == nil {
 		// default status message
-		status = &eth.StatusPacket{
+		status = &eth.StatusPacket69{
 			ProtocolVersion: uint32(c.negotiatedProtoVersion),
 			NetworkID:       chain.config.ChainID.Uint64(),
-			TD:              chain.TD(),
-			Head:            chain.blocks[chain.Len()-1].Hash(),
 			Genesis:         chain.blocks[0].Hash(),
 			ForkID:          chain.ForkID(),
+			EarliestBlock:   0,
+			LatestBlock:     chain.blocks[chain.Len()-1].NumberU64(),
+			LatestBlockHash: chain.blocks[chain.Len()-1].Hash(),
 		}
 	}
 	if err := c.Write(ethProto, eth.StatusMsg, status); err != nil {

cmd/devp2p/internal/ethtest/protocol.go

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ const (
 // Unexported devp2p protocol lengths from p2p package.
 const (
 	baseProtoLen = 16
-	ethProtoLen  = 17
+	ethProtoLen  = 18
 	snapProtoLen = 8
 )
 

cmd/devp2p/internal/ethtest/suite.go

@@ -68,16 +68,19 @@ func (s *Suite) EthTests() []utesting.Test {
 	return []utesting.Test{
 		// status
 		{Name: "Status", Fn: s.TestStatus},
+		{Name: "MaliciousHandshake", Fn: s.TestMaliciousHandshake},
+		{Name: "BlockRangeUpdateExpired", Fn: s.TestBlockRangeUpdateHistoryExp},
+		{Name: "BlockRangeUpdateFuture", Fn: s.TestBlockRangeUpdateFuture},
+		{Name: "BlockRangeUpdateInvalid", Fn: s.TestBlockRangeUpdateInvalid},
 		// get block headers
 		{Name: "GetBlockHeaders", Fn: s.TestGetBlockHeaders},
 		{Name: "GetNonexistentBlockHeaders", Fn: s.TestGetNonexistentBlockHeaders},
 		{Name: "SimultaneousRequests", Fn: s.TestSimultaneousRequests},
 		{Name: "SameRequestID", Fn: s.TestSameRequestID},
 		{Name: "ZeroRequestID", Fn: s.TestZeroRequestID},
-		// get block bodies
+		// get history
 		{Name: "GetBlockBodies", Fn: s.TestGetBlockBodies},
-		// // malicious handshakes + status
+		{Name: "GetReceipts", Fn: s.TestGetReceipts},
-		{Name: "MaliciousHandshake", Fn: s.TestMaliciousHandshake},
 		// test transactions
 		{Name: "LargeTxRequest", Fn: s.TestLargeTxRequest, Slow: true},
 		{Name: "Transaction", Fn: s.TestTransaction},
@@ -101,15 +104,11 @@ func (s *Suite) SnapTests() []utesting.Test {
 
 func (s *Suite) TestStatus(t *utesting.T) {
 	t.Log(`This test is just a sanity check. It performs an eth protocol handshake.`)
-
+	conn, err := s.dialAndPeer(nil)
-	conn, err := s.dial()
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("dial failed: %v", err)
+		t.Fatal("peering failed:", err)
-	}
-	defer conn.Close()
-	if err := conn.peer(s.chain, nil); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("peering failed: %v", err)
 	}
+	conn.Close()
 }
 
 // headersMatch returns whether the received headers match the given request
@@ -119,15 +118,12 @@ func headersMatch(expected []*types.Header, headers []*types.Header) bool {
 
 func (s *Suite) TestGetBlockHeaders(t *utesting.T) {
 	t.Log(`This test requests block headers from the node.`)
-
+	conn, err := s.dialAndPeer(nil)
-	conn, err := s.dial()
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("dial failed: %v", err)
-	}
-	defer conn.Close()
-	if err = conn.peer(s.chain, nil); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("peering failed: %v", err)
 	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+
 	// Send headers request.
 	req := &eth.GetBlockHeadersPacket{
 		RequestId: 33,
@@ -162,16 +158,11 @@ func (s *Suite) TestGetBlockHeaders(t *utesting.T) {
 func (s *Suite) TestGetNonexistentBlockHeaders(t *utesting.T) {
 	t.Log(`This test sends GetBlockHeaders requests for nonexistent blocks (using max uint64 value)
 to check if the node disconnects after receiving multiple invalid requests.`)
-
+	conn, err := s.dialAndPeer(nil)
-	conn, err := s.dial()
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("dial failed: %v", err)
-	}
-	defer conn.Close()
-
-	if err := conn.peer(s.chain, nil); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("peering failed: %v", err)
 	}
+	defer conn.Close()
 
 	// Create request with max uint64 value for a nonexistent block
 	badReq := &eth.GetBlockHeadersPacket{
@@ -204,15 +195,11 @@ to check if the node disconnects after receiving multiple invalid requests.`)
 func (s *Suite) TestSimultaneousRequests(t *utesting.T) {
 	t.Log(`This test requests blocks headers from the node, performing two requests
 concurrently, with different request IDs.`)
-
+	conn, err := s.dialAndPeer(nil)
-	conn, err := s.dial()
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("dial failed: %v", err)
-	}
-	defer conn.Close()
-	if err := conn.peer(s.chain, nil); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("peering failed: %v", err)
 	}
+	defer conn.Close()
 
 	// Create two different requests.
 	req1 := &eth.GetBlockHeadersPacket{
@@ -278,15 +265,11 @@ concurrently, with different request IDs.`)
 func (s *Suite) TestSameRequestID(t *utesting.T) {
 	t.Log(`This test requests block headers, performing two concurrent requests with the
 same request ID. The node should handle the request by responding to both requests.`)
-
+	conn, err := s.dialAndPeer(nil)
-	conn, err := s.dial()
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("dial failed: %v", err)
-	}
-	defer conn.Close()
-	if err := conn.peer(s.chain, nil); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("peering failed: %v", err)
 	}
+	defer conn.Close()
 
 	// Create two different requests with the same ID.
 	reqID := uint64(1234)
@@ -349,15 +332,12 @@ same request ID. The node should handle the request by responding to both reques
 func (s *Suite) TestZeroRequestID(t *utesting.T) {
 	t.Log(`This test sends a GetBlockHeaders message with a request-id of zero,
 and expects a response.`)
-
+	conn, err := s.dialAndPeer(nil)
-	conn, err := s.dial()
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("dial failed: %v", err)
-	}
-	defer conn.Close()
-	if err := conn.peer(s.chain, nil); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("peering failed: %v", err)
 	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+
 	req := &eth.GetBlockHeadersPacket{
 		GetBlockHeadersRequest: &eth.GetBlockHeadersRequest{
 			Origin: eth.HashOrNumber{Number: 0},
@@ -384,15 +364,12 @@ and expects a response.`)
 
 func (s *Suite) TestGetBlockBodies(t *utesting.T) {
 	t.Log(`This test sends GetBlockBodies requests to the node for known blocks in the test chain.`)
-
+	conn, err := s.dialAndPeer(nil)
-	conn, err := s.dial()
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("dial failed: %v", err)
-	}
-	defer conn.Close()
-	if err := conn.peer(s.chain, nil); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("peering failed: %v", err)
 	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+
 	// Create block bodies request.
 	req := &eth.GetBlockBodiesPacket{
 		RequestId: 55,
@@ -418,6 +395,47 @@ func (s *Suite) TestGetBlockBodies(t *utesting.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func (s *Suite) TestGetReceipts(t *utesting.T) {
+	t.Log(`This test sends GetReceipts requests to the node for known blocks in the test chain.`)
+	conn, err := s.dialAndPeer(nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("peering failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	// Find some blocks containing receipts.
+	var hashes = make([]common.Hash, 0, 3)
+	for i := range s.chain.Len() {
+		block := s.chain.GetBlock(i)
+		if len(block.Transactions()) > 0 {
+			hashes = append(hashes, block.Hash())
+		}
+		if len(hashes) == cap(hashes) {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Create block bodies request.
+	req := &eth.GetReceiptsPacket{
+		RequestId:          66,
+		GetReceiptsRequest: (eth.GetReceiptsRequest)(hashes),
+	}
+	if err := conn.Write(ethProto, eth.GetReceiptsMsg, req); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("could not write to connection: %v", err)
+	}
+	// Wait for response.
+	resp := new(eth.ReceiptsPacket[*eth.ReceiptList69])
+	if err := conn.ReadMsg(ethProto, eth.ReceiptsMsg, &resp); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("error reading block bodies msg: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got, want := resp.RequestId, req.RequestId; got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected request id in respond", got, want)
+	}
+	if len(resp.List) != len(req.GetReceiptsRequest) {
+		t.Fatalf("wrong bodies in response: expected %d bodies, got %d", len(req.GetReceiptsRequest), len(resp.List))
+	}
+}
+
 // randBuf makes a random buffer size kilobytes large.
 func randBuf(size int) []byte {
 	buf := make([]byte, size*1024)
@@ -500,6 +518,97 @@ func (s *Suite) TestMaliciousHandshake(t *utesting.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func (s *Suite) TestBlockRangeUpdateInvalid(t *utesting.T) {
+	t.Log(`This test sends an invalid BlockRangeUpdate message to the node and expects to be disconnected.`)
+	conn, err := s.dialAndPeer(nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	conn.Write(ethProto, eth.BlockRangeUpdateMsg, &eth.BlockRangeUpdatePacket{
+		EarliestBlock:   10,
+		LatestBlock:     8,
+		LatestBlockHash: s.chain.GetBlock(8).Hash(),
+	})
+
+	if code, _, err := conn.Read(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected disconnect, got err: %v", err)
+	} else if code != discMsg {
+		t.Fatalf("expected disconnect message, got msg code %d", code)
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *Suite) TestBlockRangeUpdateFuture(t *utesting.T) {
+	t.Log(`This test sends a BlockRangeUpdate that is beyond the chain head.
+The node should accept the update and should not disonnect.`)
+	conn, err := s.dialAndPeer(nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	head := s.chain.Head().NumberU64()
+	var hash common.Hash
+	rand.Read(hash[:])
+	conn.Write(ethProto, eth.BlockRangeUpdateMsg, &eth.BlockRangeUpdatePacket{
+		EarliestBlock:   head + 10,
+		LatestBlock:     head + 50,
+		LatestBlockHash: hash,
+	})
+
+	// Ensure the node does not disconnect us.
+	// Just send a few ping messages.
+	for range 10 {
+		time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+		if err := conn.Write(baseProto, pingMsg, []any{}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal("write error:", err)
+		}
+		code, _, err := conn.Read()
+		switch {
+		case err != nil:
+			t.Fatal("read error:", err)
+		case code == discMsg:
+			t.Fatal("got disconnect")
+		case code == pongMsg:
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *Suite) TestBlockRangeUpdateHistoryExp(t *utesting.T) {
+	t.Log(`This test sends a BlockRangeUpdate announcing incomplete (expired) history.
+The node should accept the update and should not disonnect.`)
+	conn, err := s.dialAndPeer(nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	head := s.chain.Head()
+	conn.Write(ethProto, eth.BlockRangeUpdateMsg, &eth.BlockRangeUpdatePacket{
+		EarliestBlock:   head.NumberU64() - 10,
+		LatestBlock:     head.NumberU64(),
+		LatestBlockHash: head.Hash(),
+	})
+
+	// Ensure the node does not disconnect us.
+	// Just send a few ping messages.
+	for range 10 {
+		time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+		if err := conn.Write(baseProto, pingMsg, []any{}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal("write error:", err)
+		}
+		code, _, err := conn.Read()
+		switch {
+		case err != nil:
+			t.Fatal("read error:", err)
+		case code == discMsg:
+			t.Fatal("got disconnect")
+		case code == pongMsg:
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func (s *Suite) TestTransaction(t *utesting.T) {
 	t.Log(`This test sends a valid transaction to the node and checks if the
 transaction gets propagated.`)

cmd/geth/chaincmd.go

@@ -21,9 +21,12 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"regexp"
 	"runtime"
 	"slices"
 	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
@@ -39,8 +42,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/debug"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/era"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/era/eradl"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/flags"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/node"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 )
@@ -190,7 +195,7 @@ This command dumps out the state for a given block (or latest, if none provided)
 `,
 	}
 
-	pruneCommand = &cli.Command{
+	pruneHistoryCommand = &cli.Command{
 		Action:    pruneHistory,
 		Name:      "prune-history",
 		Usage:     "Prune blockchain history (block bodies and receipts) up to the merge block",
@@ -201,6 +206,42 @@ The prune-history command removes historical block bodies and receipts from the
 blockchain database up to the merge block, while preserving block headers. This
 helps reduce storage requirements for nodes that don't need full historical data.`,
 	}
+
+	downloadEraCommand = &cli.Command{
+		Action:    downloadEra,
+		Name:      "download-era",
+		Usage:     "Fetches era1 files (pre-merge history) from an HTTP endpoint",
+		ArgsUsage: "",
+		Flags: slices.Concat(
+			utils.DatabaseFlags,
+			utils.NetworkFlags,
+			[]cli.Flag{
+				eraBlockFlag,
+				eraEpochFlag,
+				eraAllFlag,
+				eraServerFlag,
+			},
+		),
+	}
+)
+
+var (
+	eraBlockFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+		Name:  "block",
+		Usage: "Block number to fetch. (can also be a range <start>-<end>)",
+	}
+	eraEpochFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+		Name:  "epoch",
+		Usage: "Epoch number to fetch (can also be a range <start>-<end>)",
+	}
+	eraAllFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+		Name:  "all",
+		Usage: "Download all available era1 files",
+	}
+	eraServerFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+		Name:  "server",
+		Usage: "era1 server URL",
+	}
 )
 
 // initGenesis will initialise the given JSON format genesis file and writes it as
@@ -237,10 +278,7 @@ func initGenesis(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		overrides.OverrideVerkle = &v
 	}
 
-	chaindb, err := stack.OpenDatabaseWithFreezer("chaindata", 0, 0, ctx.String(utils.AncientFlag.Name), "", false)
+	chaindb := utils.MakeChainDatabase(ctx, stack, false)
-	if err != nil {
-		utils.Fatalf("Failed to open database: %v", err)
-	}
 	defer chaindb.Close()
 
 	triedb := utils.MakeTrieDatabase(ctx, chaindb, ctx.Bool(utils.CachePreimagesFlag.Name), false, genesis.IsVerkle())
@@ -277,7 +315,7 @@ func dumpGenesis(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	// dump whatever already exists in the datadir
 	stack, _ := makeConfigNode(ctx)
 
-	db, err := stack.OpenDatabase("chaindata", 0, 0, "", true)
+	db, err := stack.OpenDatabaseWithOptions("chaindata", node.DatabaseOptions{ReadOnly: true})
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -665,3 +703,83 @@ func pruneHistory(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+// downladEra is the era1 file downloader tool.
+func downloadEra(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+	flags.CheckExclusive(ctx, eraBlockFlag, eraEpochFlag, eraAllFlag)
+
+	// Resolve the network.
+	var network = "mainnet"
+	if utils.IsNetworkPreset(ctx) {
+		switch {
+		case ctx.IsSet(utils.MainnetFlag.Name):
+		case ctx.IsSet(utils.SepoliaFlag.Name):
+			network = "sepolia"
+		default:
+			return fmt.Errorf("unsupported network, no known era1 checksums")
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Resolve the destination directory.
+	stack, _ := makeConfigNode(ctx)
+	defer stack.Close()
+	ancients := stack.ResolveAncient("chaindata", "")
+	dir := filepath.Join(ancients, "era")
+
+	baseURL := ctx.String(eraServerFlag.Name)
+	if baseURL == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("need --%s flag to download", eraServerFlag.Name)
+	}
+
+	l, err := eradl.New(baseURL, network)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	switch {
+	case ctx.IsSet(eraAllFlag.Name):
+		return l.DownloadAll(dir)
+
+	case ctx.IsSet(eraBlockFlag.Name):
+		s := ctx.String(eraBlockFlag.Name)
+		start, end, ok := parseRange(s)
+		if !ok {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid block range: %q", s)
+		}
+		return l.DownloadBlockRange(start, end, dir)
+
+	case ctx.IsSet(eraEpochFlag.Name):
+		s := ctx.String(eraEpochFlag.Name)
+		start, end, ok := parseRange(s)
+		if !ok {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid epoch range: %q", s)
+		}
+		return l.DownloadEpochRange(start, end, dir)
+
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("specify one of --%s, --%s, or --%s to download", eraAllFlag.Name, eraBlockFlag.Name, eraEpochFlag.Name)
+	}
+}
+
+func parseRange(s string) (start uint64, end uint64, ok bool) {
+	if m, _ := regexp.MatchString("[0-9]+", s); m {
+		start, err := strconv.ParseUint(s, 10, 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, 0, false
+		}
+		end = start
+		return start, end, true
+	}
+	if m, _ := regexp.MatchString("[0-9]+-[0-9]+", s); m {
+		s1, s2, _ := strings.Cut(s, "-")
+		start, err := strconv.ParseUint(s1, 10, 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, 0, false
+		}
+		end, err = strconv.ParseUint(s2, 10, 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, 0, false
+		}
+		return start, end, true
+	}
+	return 0, 0, false
+}

cmd/geth/config.go

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/utils"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/catalyst"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/ethconfig"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/flags"
@@ -180,6 +181,45 @@ func makeConfigNode(ctx *cli.Context) (*node.Node, gethConfig) {
 	return stack, cfg
 }
 
+// constructs the disclaimer text block which will be printed in the logs upon
+// startup when Geth is running in dev mode.
+func constructDevModeBanner(ctx *cli.Context, cfg gethConfig) string {
+	devModeBanner := `You are running Geth in --dev mode. Please note the following:
+
+  1. This mode is only intended for fast, iterative development without assumptions on
+     security or persistence.
+  2. The database is created in memory unless specified otherwise. Therefore, shutting down
+     your computer or losing power will wipe your entire block data and chain state for
+     your dev environment.
+  3. A random, pre-allocated developer account will be available and unlocked as
+     eth.coinbase, which can be used for testing. The random dev account is temporary,
+     stored on a ramdisk, and will be lost if your machine is restarted.
+  4. Mining is enabled by default. However, the client will only seal blocks if transactions
+     are pending in the mempool. The miner's minimum accepted gas price is 1.
+  5. Networking is disabled; there is no listen-address, the maximum number of peers is set
+     to 0, and discovery is disabled.
+`
+	if !ctx.IsSet(utils.DataDirFlag.Name) {
+		devModeBanner += fmt.Sprintf(`
+
+ Running in ephemeral mode.  The following account has been prefunded in the genesis:
+
+       Account
+       ------------------
+       0x%x (10^49 ETH)
+`, cfg.Eth.Miner.PendingFeeRecipient)
+		if cfg.Eth.Miner.PendingFeeRecipient == utils.DeveloperAddr {
+			devModeBanner += fmt.Sprintf(` 
+       Private Key
+       ------------------
+       0x%x
+`, crypto.FromECDSA(utils.DeveloperKey))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return devModeBanner
+}
+
 // makeFullNode loads geth configuration and creates the Ethereum backend.
 func makeFullNode(ctx *cli.Context) *node.Node {
 	stack, cfg := makeConfigNode(ctx)
@@ -239,6 +279,11 @@ func makeFullNode(ctx *cli.Context) *node.Node {
 		}
 		catalyst.RegisterSimulatedBeaconAPIs(stack, simBeacon)
 		stack.RegisterLifecycle(simBeacon)
+
+		banner := constructDevModeBanner(ctx, cfg)
+		for _, line := range strings.Split(banner, "\n") {
+			log.Warn(line)
+		}
 	} else if ctx.IsSet(utils.BeaconApiFlag.Name) {
 		// Start blsync mode.
 		srv := rpc.NewServer()

cmd/geth/consolecmd_test.go

@@ -102,17 +102,17 @@ func TestAttachWelcome(t *testing.T) {
 		"--http", "--http.port", httpPort,
 		"--ws", "--ws.port", wsPort)
 	t.Run("ipc", func(t *testing.T) {
-		waitForEndpoint(t, ipc, 4*time.Second)
+		waitForEndpoint(t, ipc, 2*time.Minute)
 		testAttachWelcome(t, geth, "ipc:"+ipc, ipcAPIs)
 	})
 	t.Run("http", func(t *testing.T) {
 		endpoint := "http://127.0.0.1:" + httpPort
-		waitForEndpoint(t, endpoint, 4*time.Second)
+		waitForEndpoint(t, endpoint, 2*time.Minute)
 		testAttachWelcome(t, geth, endpoint, httpAPIs)
 	})
 	t.Run("ws", func(t *testing.T) {
 		endpoint := "ws://127.0.0.1:" + wsPort
-		waitForEndpoint(t, endpoint, 4*time.Second)
+		waitForEndpoint(t, endpoint, 2*time.Minute)
 		testAttachWelcome(t, geth, endpoint, httpAPIs)
 	})
 	geth.Kill()

cmd/geth/main.go

@@ -91,13 +91,7 @@ var (
 		utils.LogNoHistoryFlag,
 		utils.LogExportCheckpointsFlag,
 		utils.StateHistoryFlag,
-		utils.LightServeFlag,    // deprecated
-		utils.LightIngressFlag,  // deprecated
-		utils.LightEgressFlag,   // deprecated
-		utils.LightMaxPeersFlag, // deprecated
-		utils.LightNoPruneFlag,  // deprecated
 		utils.LightKDFFlag,
-		utils.LightNoSyncServeFlag, // deprecated
 		utils.EthRequiredBlocksFlag,
 		utils.LegacyWhitelistFlag, // deprecated
 		utils.CacheFlag,
@@ -225,7 +219,8 @@ func init() {
 		removedbCommand,
 		dumpCommand,
 		dumpGenesisCommand,
-		pruneCommand,
+		pruneHistoryCommand,
+		downloadEraCommand,
 		// See accountcmd.go:
 		accountCommand,
 		walletCommand,
@@ -299,24 +294,6 @@ func prepare(ctx *cli.Context) {
 	case ctx.IsSet(utils.HoodiFlag.Name):
 		log.Info("Starting Geth on Hoodi testnet...")
 
-	case ctx.IsSet(utils.DeveloperFlag.Name):
-		log.Info("Starting Geth in ephemeral dev mode...")
-		log.Warn(`You are running Geth in --dev mode. Please note the following:
-
-  1. This mode is only intended for fast, iterative development without assumptions on
-     security or persistence.
-  2. The database is created in memory unless specified otherwise. Therefore, shutting down
-     your computer or losing power will wipe your entire block data and chain state for
-     your dev environment.
-  3. A random, pre-allocated developer account will be available and unlocked as
-     eth.coinbase, which can be used for testing. The random dev account is temporary,
-     stored on a ramdisk, and will be lost if your machine is restarted.
-  4. Mining is enabled by default. However, the client will only seal blocks if transactions
-     are pending in the mempool. The miner's minimum accepted gas price is 1.
-  5. Networking is disabled; there is no listen-address, the maximum number of peers is set
-     to 0, and discovery is disabled.
-`)
-
 	case !ctx.IsSet(utils.NetworkIdFlag.Name):
 		log.Info("Starting Geth on Ethereum mainnet...")
 	}

cmd/utils/cmd.go

@@ -309,7 +309,8 @@ func ImportHistory(chain *core.BlockChain, dir string, network string) error {
 				if err != nil {
 					return fmt.Errorf("error reading receipts %d: %w", it.Number(), err)
 				}
-				if _, err := chain.InsertReceiptChain([]*types.Block{block}, []types.Receipts{receipts}, 2^64-1); err != nil {
+				encReceipts := types.EncodeBlockReceiptLists([]types.Receipts{receipts})
+				if _, err := chain.InsertReceiptChain([]*types.Block{block}, encReceipts, 2^64-1); err != nil {
 					return fmt.Errorf("error inserting body %d: %w", it.Number(), err)
 				}
 				imported += 1

cmd/utils/flags.go

@@ -111,6 +111,11 @@ var (
 		Usage:    "Root directory for ancient data (default = inside chaindata)",
 		Category: flags.EthCategory,
 	}
+	EraFlag = &flags.DirectoryFlag{
+		Name:     "datadir.era",
+		Usage:    "Root directory for era1 history (default = inside ancient/chain)",
+		Category: flags.EthCategory,
+	}
 	MinFreeDiskSpaceFlag = &flags.DirectoryFlag{
 		Name:     "datadir.minfreedisk",
 		Usage:    "Minimum free disk space in MB, once reached triggers auto shut down (default = --cache.gc converted to MB, 0 = disabled)",
@@ -977,6 +982,7 @@ var (
 	DatabaseFlags = []cli.Flag{
 		DataDirFlag,
 		AncientFlag,
+		EraFlag,
 		RemoteDBFlag,
 		DBEngineFlag,
 		StateSchemeFlag,
@@ -984,6 +990,12 @@ var (
 	}
 )
 
+// default account to prefund when running Geth in dev mode
+var (
+	DeveloperKey, _ = crypto.HexToECDSA("b71c71a67e1177ad4e901695e1b4b9ee17ae16c6668d313eac2f96dbcda3f291")
+	DeveloperAddr   = crypto.PubkeyToAddress(DeveloperKey.PublicKey)
+)
+
 // MakeDataDir retrieves the currently requested data directory, terminating
 // if none (or the empty string) is specified. If the node is starting a testnet,
 // then a subdirectory of the specified datadir will be used.
@@ -1245,28 +1257,6 @@ func setIPC(ctx *cli.Context, cfg *node.Config) {
 	}
 }
 
-// setLes shows the deprecation warnings for LES flags.
-func setLes(ctx *cli.Context, cfg *ethconfig.Config) {
-	if ctx.IsSet(LightServeFlag.Name) {
-		log.Warn("The light server has been deprecated, please remove this flag", "flag", LightServeFlag.Name)
-	}
-	if ctx.IsSet(LightIngressFlag.Name) {
-		log.Warn("The light server has been deprecated, please remove this flag", "flag", LightIngressFlag.Name)
-	}
-	if ctx.IsSet(LightEgressFlag.Name) {
-		log.Warn("The light server has been deprecated, please remove this flag", "flag", LightEgressFlag.Name)
-	}
-	if ctx.IsSet(LightMaxPeersFlag.Name) {
-		log.Warn("The light server has been deprecated, please remove this flag", "flag", LightMaxPeersFlag.Name)
-	}
-	if ctx.IsSet(LightNoPruneFlag.Name) {
-		log.Warn("The light server has been deprecated, please remove this flag", "flag", LightNoPruneFlag.Name)
-	}
-	if ctx.IsSet(LightNoSyncServeFlag.Name) {
-		log.Warn("The light server has been deprecated, please remove this flag", "flag", LightNoSyncServeFlag.Name)
-	}
-}
-
 // MakeDatabaseHandles raises out the number of allowed file handles per process
 // for Geth and returns half of the allowance to assign to the database.
 func MakeDatabaseHandles(max int) int {
@@ -1582,7 +1572,6 @@ func SetEthConfig(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node, cfg *ethconfig.Config) {
 	setBlobPool(ctx, &cfg.BlobPool)
 	setMiner(ctx, &cfg.Miner)
 	setRequiredBlocks(ctx, cfg)
-	setLes(ctx, cfg)
 
 	// Cap the cache allowance and tune the garbage collector
 	mem, err := gopsutil.VirtualMemory()
@@ -1630,6 +1619,9 @@ func SetEthConfig(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node, cfg *ethconfig.Config) {
 	if ctx.IsSet(AncientFlag.Name) {
 		cfg.DatabaseFreezer = ctx.String(AncientFlag.Name)
 	}
+	if ctx.IsSet(EraFlag.Name) {
+		cfg.DatabaseEra = ctx.String(EraFlag.Name)
+	}
 
 	if gcmode := ctx.String(GCModeFlag.Name); gcmode != "full" && gcmode != "archive" {
 		Fatalf("--%s must be either 'full' or 'archive'", GCModeFlag.Name)
@@ -1712,7 +1704,6 @@ func SetEthConfig(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node, cfg *ethconfig.Config) {
 		}
 	}
 	if ctx.IsSet(VMEnableDebugFlag.Name) {
-		// TODO(fjl): force-enable this in --dev mode
 		cfg.EnablePreimageRecording = ctx.Bool(VMEnableDebugFlag.Name)
 	}
 
@@ -1761,6 +1752,7 @@ func SetEthConfig(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node, cfg *ethconfig.Config) {
 	case ctx.Bool(DeveloperFlag.Name):
 		cfg.NetworkId = 1337
 		cfg.SyncMode = ethconfig.FullSync
+		cfg.EnablePreimageRecording = true
 		// Create new developer account or reuse existing one
 		var (
 			developer  accounts.Account
@@ -1792,9 +1784,9 @@ func SetEthConfig(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node, cfg *ethconfig.Config) {
 		} else if accs := ks.Accounts(); len(accs) > 0 {
 			developer = ks.Accounts()[0]
 		} else {
-			developer, err = ks.NewAccount(passphrase)
+			developer, err = ks.ImportECDSA(DeveloperKey, passphrase)
 			if err != nil {
-				Fatalf("Failed to create developer account: %v", err)
+				Fatalf("Failed to import developer account: %v", err)
 			}
 		}
 		// Make sure the address is configured as fee recipient, otherwise
@@ -1809,14 +1801,18 @@ func SetEthConfig(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node, cfg *ethconfig.Config) {
 		}
 		log.Info("Using developer account", "address", developer.Address)
 
-		// Create a new developer genesis block or reuse existing one
+		// configure default developer genesis which will be used unless a
+		// datadir is specified and a chain is preexisting at that location.
 		cfg.Genesis = core.DeveloperGenesisBlock(ctx.Uint64(DeveloperGasLimitFlag.Name), &developer.Address)
+
+		// If a datadir is specified, ensure that any preexisting chain in that location
+		// has a configuration that is compatible with dev mode: it must be merged at genesis.
 		if ctx.IsSet(DataDirFlag.Name) {
 			chaindb := tryMakeReadOnlyDatabase(ctx, stack)
 			if rawdb.ReadCanonicalHash(chaindb, 0) != (common.Hash{}) {
-				cfg.Genesis = nil // fallback to db content
+				// signal fallback to preexisting chain on disk
+				cfg.Genesis = nil
 
-				//validate genesis has PoS enabled in block 0
 				genesis, err := core.ReadGenesis(chaindb)
 				if err != nil {
 					Fatalf("Could not read genesis from database: %v", err)
@@ -2043,7 +2039,6 @@ func SetupMetrics(cfg *metrics.Config) {
 		log.Info("Enabling metrics export to InfluxDB")
 		go influxdb.InfluxDBWithTags(metrics.DefaultRegistry, 10*time.Second, endpoint, database, username, password, "geth.", tagsMap)
 	} else if enableExportV2 {
-		tagsMap := SplitTagsFlag(cfg.InfluxDBTags)
 		log.Info("Enabling metrics export to InfluxDB (v2)")
 		go influxdb.InfluxDBV2WithTags(metrics.DefaultRegistry, 10*time.Second, endpoint, token, bucket, organization, "geth.", tagsMap)
 	}
@@ -2096,7 +2091,15 @@ func MakeChainDatabase(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node, readonly bool) ethdb.
 		}
 		chainDb = remotedb.New(client)
 	default:
-		chainDb, err = stack.OpenDatabaseWithFreezer("chaindata", cache, handles, ctx.String(AncientFlag.Name), "eth/db/chaindata/", readonly)
+		options := node.DatabaseOptions{
+			ReadOnly:          readonly,
+			Cache:             cache,
+			Handles:           handles,
+			AncientsDirectory: ctx.String(AncientFlag.Name),
+			MetricsNamespace:  "eth/db/chaindata/",
+			EraDirectory:      ctx.String(EraFlag.Name),
+		}
+		chainDb, err = stack.OpenDatabaseWithOptions("chaindata", options)
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		Fatalf("Could not open database: %v", err)

cmd/utils/flags_legacy.go

@@ -39,12 +39,6 @@ var DeprecatedFlags = []cli.Flag{
 	CacheTrieRejournalFlag,
 	LegacyDiscoveryV5Flag,
 	TxLookupLimitFlag,
-	LightServeFlag,
-	LightIngressFlag,
-	LightEgressFlag,
-	LightMaxPeersFlag,
-	LightNoPruneFlag,
-	LightNoSyncServeFlag,
 	LogBacktraceAtFlag,
 	LogDebugFlag,
 	MinerNewPayloadTimeoutFlag,
@@ -88,37 +82,6 @@ var (
 		Value:    ethconfig.Defaults.TransactionHistory,
 		Category: flags.DeprecatedCategory,
 	}
-	// Light server and client settings, Deprecated November 2023
-	LightServeFlag = &cli.IntFlag{
-		Name:     "light.serve",
-		Usage:    "Maximum percentage of time allowed for serving LES requests (deprecated)",
-		Category: flags.DeprecatedCategory,
-	}
-	LightIngressFlag = &cli.IntFlag{
-		Name:     "light.ingress",
-		Usage:    "Incoming bandwidth limit for serving light clients (deprecated)",
-		Category: flags.DeprecatedCategory,
-	}
-	LightEgressFlag = &cli.IntFlag{
-		Name:     "light.egress",
-		Usage:    "Outgoing bandwidth limit for serving light clients (deprecated)",
-		Category: flags.DeprecatedCategory,
-	}
-	LightMaxPeersFlag = &cli.IntFlag{
-		Name:     "light.maxpeers",
-		Usage:    "Maximum number of light clients to serve, or light servers to attach to (deprecated)",
-		Category: flags.DeprecatedCategory,
-	}
-	LightNoPruneFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
-		Name:     "light.nopruning",
-		Usage:    "Disable ancient light chain data pruning (deprecated)",
-		Category: flags.DeprecatedCategory,
-	}
-	LightNoSyncServeFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
-		Name:     "light.nosyncserve",
-		Usage:    "Enables serving light clients before syncing (deprecated)",
-		Category: flags.DeprecatedCategory,
-	}
 	// Deprecated November 2023
 	LogBacktraceAtFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
 		Name:     "log.backtrace",

cmd/utils/history_test.go

@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ func TestHistoryImportAndExport(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// Now import Era.
-	db2, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), "", "", false)
+	db2, err := rawdb.Open(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), rawdb.OpenOptions{})
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}

common/lru/basiclru.go

@@ -47,30 +47,37 @@ func NewBasicLRU[K comparable, V any](capacity int) BasicLRU[K, V] {
 
 // Add adds a value to the cache. Returns true if an item was evicted to store the new item.
 func (c *BasicLRU[K, V]) Add(key K, value V) (evicted bool) {
+	_, _, evicted = c.Add3(key, value)
+	return evicted
+}
+
+// Add3 adds a value to the cache. If an item was evicted to store the new one, it returns the evicted item.
+func (c *BasicLRU[K, V]) Add3(key K, value V) (ek K, ev V, evicted bool) {
 	item, ok := c.items[key]
 	if ok {
-		// Already exists in cache.
 		item.value = value
 		c.items[key] = item
 		c.list.moveToFront(item.elem)
-		return false
+		return ek, ev, false
 	}
 
 	var elem *listElem[K]
 	if c.Len() >= c.cap {
 		elem = c.list.removeLast()
-		delete(c.items, elem.v)
 		evicted = true
+		ek = elem.v
+		ev = c.items[ek].value
+		delete(c.items, ek)
 	} else {
 		elem = new(listElem[K])
 	}
 
 	// Store the new item.
-	// Note that, if another item was evicted, we re-use its list element here.
+	// Note that if another item was evicted, we re-use its list element here.
 	elem.v = key
 	c.items[key] = cacheItem[K, V]{elem, value}
 	c.list.pushElem(elem)
-	return evicted
+	return ek, ev, evicted
 }
 
 // Contains reports whether the given key exists in the cache.

consensus/beacon/consensus.go

@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie"
 	"github.com/holiman/uint256"
 )
@@ -445,11 +444,6 @@ func (beacon *Beacon) CalcDifficulty(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, time uin
 	return beaconDifficulty
 }
 
-// APIs implements consensus.Engine, returning the user facing RPC APIs.
-func (beacon *Beacon) APIs(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader) []rpc.API {
-	return beacon.ethone.APIs(chain)
-}
-
 // Close shutdowns the consensus engine
 func (beacon *Beacon) Close() error {
 	return beacon.ethone.Close()

consensus/clique/api.go

@@ -1,235 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2017 The go-ethereum Authors
-// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
-//
-// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
-// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-// (at your option) any later version.
-//
-// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
-// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
-//
-// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
-// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-package clique
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc"
-)
-
-// API is a user facing RPC API to allow controlling the signer and voting
-// mechanisms of the proof-of-authority scheme.
-type API struct {
-	chain  consensus.ChainHeaderReader
-	clique *Clique
-}
-
-// GetSnapshot retrieves the state snapshot at a given block.
-func (api *API) GetSnapshot(number *rpc.BlockNumber) (*Snapshot, error) {
-	// Retrieve the requested block number (or current if none requested)
-	var header *types.Header
-	if number == nil || *number == rpc.LatestBlockNumber {
-		header = api.chain.CurrentHeader()
-	} else {
-		header = api.chain.GetHeaderByNumber(uint64(number.Int64()))
-	}
-	// Ensure we have an actually valid block and return its snapshot
-	if header == nil {
-		return nil, errUnknownBlock
-	}
-	return api.clique.snapshot(api.chain, header.Number.Uint64(), header.Hash(), nil)
-}
-
-// GetSnapshotAtHash retrieves the state snapshot at a given block.
-func (api *API) GetSnapshotAtHash(hash common.Hash) (*Snapshot, error) {
-	header := api.chain.GetHeaderByHash(hash)
-	if header == nil {
-		return nil, errUnknownBlock
-	}
-	return api.clique.snapshot(api.chain, header.Number.Uint64(), header.Hash(), nil)
-}
-
-// GetSigners retrieves the list of authorized signers at the specified block.
-func (api *API) GetSigners(number *rpc.BlockNumber) ([]common.Address, error) {
-	// Retrieve the requested block number (or current if none requested)
-	var header *types.Header
-	if number == nil || *number == rpc.LatestBlockNumber {
-		header = api.chain.CurrentHeader()
-	} else {
-		header = api.chain.GetHeaderByNumber(uint64(number.Int64()))
-	}
-	// Ensure we have an actually valid block and return the signers from its snapshot
-	if header == nil {
-		return nil, errUnknownBlock
-	}
-	snap, err := api.clique.snapshot(api.chain, header.Number.Uint64(), header.Hash(), nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return snap.signers(), nil
-}
-
-// GetSignersAtHash retrieves the list of authorized signers at the specified block.
-func (api *API) GetSignersAtHash(hash common.Hash) ([]common.Address, error) {
-	header := api.chain.GetHeaderByHash(hash)
-	if header == nil {
-		return nil, errUnknownBlock
-	}
-	snap, err := api.clique.snapshot(api.chain, header.Number.Uint64(), header.Hash(), nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return snap.signers(), nil
-}
-
-// Proposals returns the current proposals the node tries to uphold and vote on.
-func (api *API) Proposals() map[common.Address]bool {
-	api.clique.lock.RLock()
-	defer api.clique.lock.RUnlock()
-
-	proposals := make(map[common.Address]bool)
-	for address, auth := range api.clique.proposals {
-		proposals[address] = auth
-	}
-	return proposals
-}
-
-// Propose injects a new authorization proposal that the signer will attempt to
-// push through.
-func (api *API) Propose(address common.Address, auth bool) {
-	api.clique.lock.Lock()
-	defer api.clique.lock.Unlock()
-
-	api.clique.proposals[address] = auth
-}
-
-// Discard drops a currently running proposal, stopping the signer from casting
-// further votes (either for or against).
-func (api *API) Discard(address common.Address) {
-	api.clique.lock.Lock()
-	defer api.clique.lock.Unlock()
-
-	delete(api.clique.proposals, address)
-}
-
-type status struct {
-	InturnPercent float64                `json:"inturnPercent"`
-	SigningStatus map[common.Address]int `json:"sealerActivity"`
-	NumBlocks     uint64                 `json:"numBlocks"`
-}
-
-// Status returns the status of the last N blocks,
-// - the number of active signers,
-// - the number of signers,
-// - the percentage of in-turn blocks
-func (api *API) Status() (*status, error) {
-	var (
-		numBlocks = uint64(64)
-		header    = api.chain.CurrentHeader()
-		diff      = uint64(0)
-		optimals  = 0
-	)
-	snap, err := api.clique.snapshot(api.chain, header.Number.Uint64(), header.Hash(), nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	var (
-		signers = snap.signers()
-		end     = header.Number.Uint64()
-		start   = end - numBlocks
-	)
-	if numBlocks > end {
-		start = 1
-		numBlocks = end - start
-	}
-	signStatus := make(map[common.Address]int)
-	for _, s := range signers {
-		signStatus[s] = 0
-	}
-	for n := start; n < end; n++ {
-		h := api.chain.GetHeaderByNumber(n)
-		if h == nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("missing block %d", n)
-		}
-		if h.Difficulty.Cmp(diffInTurn) == 0 {
-			optimals++
-		}
-		diff += h.Difficulty.Uint64()
-		sealer, err := api.clique.Author(h)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		signStatus[sealer]++
-	}
-	return &status{
-		InturnPercent: float64(100*optimals) / float64(numBlocks),
-		SigningStatus: signStatus,
-		NumBlocks:     numBlocks,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-type blockNumberOrHashOrRLP struct {
-	*rpc.BlockNumberOrHash
-	RLP hexutil.Bytes `json:"rlp,omitempty"`
-}
-
-func (sb *blockNumberOrHashOrRLP) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
-	bnOrHash := new(rpc.BlockNumberOrHash)
-	// Try to unmarshal bNrOrHash
-	if err := bnOrHash.UnmarshalJSON(data); err == nil {
-		sb.BlockNumberOrHash = bnOrHash
-		return nil
-	}
-	// Try to unmarshal RLP
-	var input string
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &input); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	blob, err := hexutil.Decode(input)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	sb.RLP = blob
-	return nil
-}
-
-// GetSigner returns the signer for a specific clique block.
-// Can be called with a block number, a block hash or a rlp encoded blob.
-// The RLP encoded blob can either be a block or a header.
-func (api *API) GetSigner(rlpOrBlockNr *blockNumberOrHashOrRLP) (common.Address, error) {
-	if len(rlpOrBlockNr.RLP) == 0 {
-		blockNrOrHash := rlpOrBlockNr.BlockNumberOrHash
-		var header *types.Header
-		if blockNrOrHash == nil {
-			header = api.chain.CurrentHeader()
-		} else if hash, ok := blockNrOrHash.Hash(); ok {
-			header = api.chain.GetHeaderByHash(hash)
-		} else if number, ok := blockNrOrHash.Number(); ok {
-			header = api.chain.GetHeaderByNumber(uint64(number.Int64()))
-		}
-		if header == nil {
-			return common.Address{}, fmt.Errorf("missing block %v", blockNrOrHash.String())
-		}
-		return api.clique.Author(header)
-	}
-	block := new(types.Block)
-	if err := rlp.DecodeBytes(rlpOrBlockNr.RLP, block); err == nil {
-		return api.clique.Author(block.Header())
-	}
-	header := new(types.Header)
-	if err := rlp.DecodeBytes(rlpOrBlockNr.RLP, header); err != nil {
-		return common.Address{}, err
-	}
-	return api.clique.Author(header)
-}

consensus/clique/clique.go

@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie"
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/sha3"
 )
@@ -641,15 +640,6 @@ func (c *Clique) Close() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// APIs implements consensus.Engine, returning the user facing RPC API to allow
-// controlling the signer voting.
-func (c *Clique) APIs(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader) []rpc.API {
-	return []rpc.API{{
-		Namespace: "clique",
-		Service:   &API{chain: chain, clique: c},
-	}}
-}
-
 // SealHash returns the hash of a block prior to it being sealed.
 func SealHash(header *types.Header) (hash common.Hash) {
 	hasher := sha3.NewLegacyKeccak256()

consensus/consensus.go

@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc"
 )
 
 // ChainHeaderReader defines a small collection of methods needed to access the local
@@ -109,9 +108,6 @@ type Engine interface {
 	// that a new block should have.
 	CalcDifficulty(chain ChainHeaderReader, time uint64, parent *types.Header) *big.Int
 
-	// APIs returns the RPC APIs this consensus engine provides.
-	APIs(chain ChainHeaderReader) []rpc.API
-
 	// Close terminates any background threads maintained by the consensus engine.
 	Close() error
 }

consensus/ethash/ethash.go

@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc"
 )
 
 // Ethash is a consensus engine based on proof-of-work implementing the ethash
@@ -71,12 +70,6 @@ func (ethash *Ethash) Close() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// APIs implements consensus.Engine, returning no APIs as ethash is an empty
-// shell in the post-merge world.
-func (ethash *Ethash) APIs(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader) []rpc.API {
-	return []rpc.API{}
-}
-
 // Seal generates a new sealing request for the given input block and pushes
 // the result into the given channel. For the ethash engine, this method will
 // just panic as sealing is not supported anymore.

core/blockchain.go

@@ -65,7 +65,8 @@ var (
 	headFinalizedBlockGauge = metrics.NewRegisteredGauge("chain/head/finalized", nil)
 	headSafeBlockGauge      = metrics.NewRegisteredGauge("chain/head/safe", nil)
 
-	chainInfoGauge = metrics.NewRegisteredGaugeInfo("chain/info", nil)
+	chainInfoGauge   = metrics.NewRegisteredGaugeInfo("chain/info", nil)
+	chainMgaspsGauge = metrics.NewRegisteredGauge("chain/mgasps", nil)
 
 	accountReadTimer   = metrics.NewRegisteredResettingTimer("chain/account/reads", nil)
 	accountHashTimer   = metrics.NewRegisteredResettingTimer("chain/account/hashes", nil)
@@ -92,8 +93,10 @@ var (
 	blockReorgAddMeter  = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("chain/reorg/add", nil)
 	blockReorgDropMeter = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("chain/reorg/drop", nil)
 
-	blockPrefetchExecuteTimer   = metrics.NewRegisteredTimer("chain/prefetch/executes", nil)
+	blockPrefetchExecuteTimer    = metrics.NewRegisteredResettingTimer("chain/prefetch/executes", nil)
-	blockPrefetchInterruptMeter = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("chain/prefetch/interrupts", nil)
+	blockPrefetchInterruptMeter  = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("chain/prefetch/interrupts", nil)
+	blockPrefetchTxsInvalidMeter = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("chain/prefetch/txs/invalid", nil)
+	blockPrefetchTxsValidMeter   = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("chain/prefetch/txs/valid", nil)
 
 	errInsertionInterrupted = errors.New("insertion is interrupted")
 	errChainStopped         = errors.New("blockchain is stopped")
@@ -180,8 +183,13 @@ func (c *CacheConfig) triedbConfig(isVerkle bool) *triedb.Config {
 	}
 	if c.StateScheme == rawdb.PathScheme {
 		config.PathDB = &pathdb.Config{
-			StateHistory:    c.StateHistory,
+			StateHistory:   c.StateHistory,
-			CleanCacheSize:  c.TrieCleanLimit * 1024 * 1024,
+			TrieCleanSize:  c.TrieCleanLimit * 1024 * 1024,
+			StateCleanSize: c.SnapshotLimit * 1024 * 1024,
+
+			// TODO(rjl493456442): The write buffer represents the memory limit used
+			// for flushing both trie data and state data to disk. The config name
+			// should be updated to eliminate the confusion.
 			WriteBufferSize: c.TrieDirtyLimit * 1024 * 1024,
 		}
 	}
@@ -377,11 +385,14 @@ func NewBlockChain(db ethdb.Database, cacheConfig *CacheConfig, genesis *Genesis
 			// Do nothing here until the state syncer picks it up.
 			log.Info("Genesis state is missing, wait state sync")
 		} else {
-			// Head state is missing, before the state recovery, find out the
+			// Head state is missing, before the state recovery, find out the disk
-			// disk layer point of snapshot(if it's enabled). Make sure the
+			// layer point of snapshot(if it's enabled). Make sure the rewound point
-			// rewound point is lower than disk layer.
+			// is lower than disk layer.
+			//
+			// Note it's unnecessary in path mode which always keep trie data and
+			// state data consistent.
 			var diskRoot common.Hash
-			if bc.cacheConfig.SnapshotLimit > 0 {
+			if bc.cacheConfig.SnapshotLimit > 0 && bc.cacheConfig.StateScheme == rawdb.HashScheme {
 				diskRoot = rawdb.ReadSnapshotRoot(bc.db)
 			}
 			if diskRoot != (common.Hash{}) {
@@ -454,7 +465,32 @@ func NewBlockChain(db ethdb.Database, cacheConfig *CacheConfig, genesis *Genesis
 			bc.logger.OnGenesisBlock(bc.genesisBlock, alloc)
 		}
 	}
+	bc.setupSnapshot()
 
+	// Rewind the chain in case of an incompatible config upgrade.
+	if compatErr != nil {
+		log.Warn("Rewinding chain to upgrade configuration", "err", compatErr)
+		if compatErr.RewindToTime > 0 {
+			bc.SetHeadWithTimestamp(compatErr.RewindToTime)
+		} else {
+			bc.SetHead(compatErr.RewindToBlock)
+		}
+		rawdb.WriteChainConfig(db, genesisHash, chainConfig)
+	}
+
+	// Start tx indexer if it's enabled.
+	if txLookupLimit != nil {
+		bc.txIndexer = newTxIndexer(*txLookupLimit, bc)
+	}
+	return bc, nil
+}
+
+func (bc *BlockChain) setupSnapshot() {
+	// Short circuit if the chain is established with path scheme, as the
+	// state snapshot has been integrated into path database natively.
+	if bc.cacheConfig.StateScheme == rawdb.PathScheme {
+		return
+	}
 	// Load any existing snapshot, regenerating it if loading failed
 	if bc.cacheConfig.SnapshotLimit > 0 {
 		// If the chain was rewound past the snapshot persistent layer (causing
@@ -462,7 +498,6 @@ func NewBlockChain(db ethdb.Database, cacheConfig *CacheConfig, genesis *Genesis
 		// in recovery mode and in that case, don't invalidate the snapshot on a
 		// head mismatch.
 		var recover bool
-
 		head := bc.CurrentBlock()
 		if layer := rawdb.ReadSnapshotRecoveryNumber(bc.db); layer != nil && *layer >= head.Number.Uint64() {
 			log.Warn("Enabling snapshot recovery", "chainhead", head.Number, "diskbase", *layer)
@@ -479,22 +514,6 @@ func NewBlockChain(db ethdb.Database, cacheConfig *CacheConfig, genesis *Genesis
 		// Re-initialize the state database with snapshot
 		bc.statedb = state.NewDatabase(bc.triedb, bc.snaps)
 	}
-
-	// Rewind the chain in case of an incompatible config upgrade.
-	if compatErr != nil {
-		log.Warn("Rewinding chain to upgrade configuration", "err", compatErr)
-		if compatErr.RewindToTime > 0 {
-			bc.SetHeadWithTimestamp(compatErr.RewindToTime)
-		} else {
-			bc.SetHead(compatErr.RewindToBlock)
-		}
-		rawdb.WriteChainConfig(db, genesisHash, chainConfig)
-	}
-	// Start tx indexer if it's enabled.
-	if txLookupLimit != nil {
-		bc.txIndexer = newTxIndexer(*txLookupLimit, bc)
-	}
-	return bc, nil
 }
 
 // empty returns an indicator whether the blockchain is empty.
@@ -1290,12 +1309,11 @@ const (
 //
 // The optional ancientLimit can also be specified and chain segment before that
 // will be directly stored in the ancient, getting rid of the chain migration.
-func (bc *BlockChain) InsertReceiptChain(blockChain types.Blocks, receiptChain []types.Receipts, ancientLimit uint64) (int, error) {
+func (bc *BlockChain) InsertReceiptChain(blockChain types.Blocks, receiptChain []rlp.RawValue, ancientLimit uint64) (int, error) {
 	// Verify the supplied headers before insertion without lock
 	var headers []*types.Header
 	for _, block := range blockChain {
 		headers = append(headers, block.Header())
-
 		// Here we also validate that blob transactions in the block do not
 		// contain a sidecar. While the sidecar does not affect the block hash
 		// or tx hash, sending blobs within a block is not allowed.
@@ -1338,11 +1356,11 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) InsertReceiptChain(blockChain types.Blocks, receiptChain [
 	//
 	// this function only accepts canonical chain data. All side chain will be reverted
 	// eventually.
-	writeAncient := func(blockChain types.Blocks, receiptChain []types.Receipts) (int, error) {
+	writeAncient := func(blockChain types.Blocks, receiptChain []rlp.RawValue) (int, error) {
 		// Ensure genesis is in the ancient store
 		if blockChain[0].NumberU64() == 1 {
 			if frozen, _ := bc.db.Ancients(); frozen == 0 {
-				writeSize, err := rawdb.WriteAncientBlocks(bc.db, []*types.Block{bc.genesisBlock}, []types.Receipts{nil})
+				writeSize, err := rawdb.WriteAncientBlocks(bc.db, []*types.Block{bc.genesisBlock}, []rlp.RawValue{rlp.EmptyList})
 				if err != nil {
 					log.Error("Error writing genesis to ancients", "err", err)
 					return 0, err
@@ -1385,7 +1403,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) InsertReceiptChain(blockChain types.Blocks, receiptChain [
 	// existing local chain segments (reorg around the chain tip). The reorganized part
 	// will be included in the provided chain segment, and stale canonical markers will be
 	// silently rewritten. Therefore, no explicit reorg logic is needed.
-	writeLive := func(blockChain types.Blocks, receiptChain []types.Receipts) (int, error) {
+	writeLive := func(blockChain types.Blocks, receiptChain []rlp.RawValue) (int, error) {
 		var (
 			skipPresenceCheck = false
 			batch             = bc.db.NewBatch()
@@ -1410,7 +1428,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) InsertReceiptChain(blockChain types.Blocks, receiptChain [
 			// Write all the data out into the database
 			rawdb.WriteCanonicalHash(batch, block.Hash(), block.NumberU64())
 			rawdb.WriteBlock(batch, block)
-			rawdb.WriteReceipts(batch, block.Hash(), block.NumberU64(), receiptChain[i])
+			rawdb.WriteRawReceipts(batch, block.Hash(), block.NumberU64(), receiptChain[i])
 
 			// Write everything belongs to the blocks into the database. So that
 			// we can ensure all components of body is completed(body, receipts)
@@ -1758,18 +1776,6 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, setHead bool, makeWitness
 		bc.reportBlock(block, nil, err)
 		return nil, it.index, err
 	}
-	// No validation errors for the first block (or chain prefix skipped)
-	var activeState *state.StateDB
-	defer func() {
-		// The chain importer is starting and stopping trie prefetchers. If a bad
-		// block or other error is hit however, an early return may not properly
-		// terminate the background threads. This defer ensures that we clean up
-		// and dangling prefetcher, without deferring each and holding on live refs.
-		if activeState != nil {
-			activeState.StopPrefetcher()
-		}
-	}()
-
 	// Track the singleton witness from this chain insertion (if any)
 	var witness *stateless.Witness
 
@@ -1825,63 +1831,20 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, setHead bool, makeWitness
 			continue
 		}
 		// Retrieve the parent block and it's state to execute on top
-		start := time.Now()
 		parent := it.previous()
 		if parent == nil {
 			parent = bc.GetHeader(block.ParentHash(), block.NumberU64()-1)
 		}
-		statedb, err := state.New(parent.Root, bc.statedb)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, it.index, err
-		}
-
-		// If we are past Byzantium, enable prefetching to pull in trie node paths
-		// while processing transactions. Before Byzantium the prefetcher is mostly
-		// useless due to the intermediate root hashing after each transaction.
-		if bc.chainConfig.IsByzantium(block.Number()) {
-			// Generate witnesses either if we're self-testing, or if it's the
-			// only block being inserted. A bit crude, but witnesses are huge,
-			// so we refuse to make an entire chain of them.
-			if bc.vmConfig.StatelessSelfValidation || (makeWitness && len(chain) == 1) {
-				witness, err = stateless.NewWitness(block.Header(), bc)
-				if err != nil {
-					return nil, it.index, err
-				}
-			}
-			statedb.StartPrefetcher("chain", witness)
-		}
-		activeState = statedb
-
-		// If we have a followup block, run that against the current state to pre-cache
-		// transactions and probabilistically some of the account/storage trie nodes.
-		var followupInterrupt atomic.Bool
-		if !bc.cacheConfig.TrieCleanNoPrefetch {
-			if followup, err := it.peek(); followup != nil && err == nil {
-				throwaway, _ := state.New(parent.Root, bc.statedb)
-
-				go func(start time.Time, followup *types.Block, throwaway *state.StateDB) {
-					// Disable tracing for prefetcher executions.
-					vmCfg := bc.vmConfig
-					vmCfg.Tracer = nil
-					bc.prefetcher.Prefetch(followup, throwaway, vmCfg, &followupInterrupt)
-
-					blockPrefetchExecuteTimer.Update(time.Since(start))
-					if followupInterrupt.Load() {
-						blockPrefetchInterruptMeter.Mark(1)
-					}
-				}(time.Now(), followup, throwaway)
-			}
-		}
-
 		// The traced section of block import.
-		res, err := bc.processBlock(block, statedb, start, setHead)
+		start := time.Now()
-		followupInterrupt.Store(true)
+		res, err := bc.processBlock(parent.Root, block, setHead, makeWitness && len(chain) == 1)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, it.index, err
 		}
 		// Report the import stats before returning the various results
 		stats.processed++
 		stats.usedGas += res.usedGas
+		witness = res.witness
 
 		var snapDiffItems, snapBufItems common.StorageSize
 		if bc.snaps != nil {
@@ -1937,11 +1900,74 @@ type blockProcessingResult struct {
 	usedGas  uint64
 	procTime time.Duration
 	status   WriteStatus
+	witness  *stateless.Witness
 }
 
 // processBlock executes and validates the given block. If there was no error
 // it writes the block and associated state to database.
-func (bc *BlockChain) processBlock(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, start time.Time, setHead bool) (_ *blockProcessingResult, blockEndErr error) {
+func (bc *BlockChain) processBlock(parentRoot common.Hash, block *types.Block, setHead bool, makeWitness bool) (_ *blockProcessingResult, blockEndErr error) {
+	var (
+		err       error
+		startTime = time.Now()
+		statedb   *state.StateDB
+		interrupt atomic.Bool
+	)
+	defer interrupt.Store(true) // terminate the prefetch at the end
+
+	if bc.cacheConfig.TrieCleanNoPrefetch {
+		statedb, err = state.New(parentRoot, bc.statedb)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	} else {
+		// If prefetching is enabled, run that against the current state to pre-cache
+		// transactions and probabilistically some of the account/storage trie nodes.
+		//
+		// Note: the main processor and prefetcher share the same reader with a local
+		// cache for mitigating the overhead of state access.
+		reader, err := bc.statedb.ReaderWithCache(parentRoot)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		throwaway, err := state.NewWithReader(parentRoot, bc.statedb, reader)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		statedb, err = state.NewWithReader(parentRoot, bc.statedb, reader)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		go func(start time.Time, throwaway *state.StateDB, block *types.Block) {
+			// Disable tracing for prefetcher executions.
+			vmCfg := bc.vmConfig
+			vmCfg.Tracer = nil
+			bc.prefetcher.Prefetch(block, throwaway, vmCfg, &interrupt)
+
+			blockPrefetchExecuteTimer.Update(time.Since(start))
+			if interrupt.Load() {
+				blockPrefetchInterruptMeter.Mark(1)
+			}
+		}(time.Now(), throwaway, block)
+	}
+
+	// If we are past Byzantium, enable prefetching to pull in trie node paths
+	// while processing transactions. Before Byzantium the prefetcher is mostly
+	// useless due to the intermediate root hashing after each transaction.
+	var witness *stateless.Witness
+	if bc.chainConfig.IsByzantium(block.Number()) {
+		// Generate witnesses either if we're self-testing, or if it's the
+		// only block being inserted. A bit crude, but witnesses are huge,
+		// so we refuse to make an entire chain of them.
+		if bc.vmConfig.StatelessSelfValidation || makeWitness {
+			witness, err = stateless.NewWitness(block.Header(), bc)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		}
+		statedb.StartPrefetcher("chain", witness)
+		defer statedb.StopPrefetcher()
+	}
+
 	if bc.logger != nil && bc.logger.OnBlockStart != nil {
 		bc.logger.OnBlockStart(tracing.BlockEvent{
 			Block:     block,
@@ -2000,7 +2026,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) processBlock(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, s
 		}
 	}
 	xvtime := time.Since(xvstart)
-	proctime := time.Since(start) // processing + validation + cross validation
+	proctime := time.Since(startTime) // processing + validation + cross validation
 
 	// Update the metrics touched during block processing and validation
 	accountReadTimer.Update(statedb.AccountReads) // Account reads are complete(in processing)
@@ -2041,9 +2067,14 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) processBlock(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, s
 	triedbCommitTimer.Update(statedb.TrieDBCommits)     // Trie database commits are complete, we can mark them
 
 	blockWriteTimer.Update(time.Since(wstart) - max(statedb.AccountCommits, statedb.StorageCommits) /* concurrent */ - statedb.SnapshotCommits - statedb.TrieDBCommits)
-	blockInsertTimer.UpdateSince(start)
+	blockInsertTimer.UpdateSince(startTime)
 
-	return &blockProcessingResult{usedGas: res.GasUsed, procTime: proctime, status: status}, nil
+	return &blockProcessingResult{
+		usedGas:  res.GasUsed,
+		procTime: proctime,
+		status:   status,
+		witness:  witness,
+	}, nil
 }
 
 // insertSideChain is called when an import batch hits upon a pruned ancestor
@@ -2527,14 +2558,22 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) reportBlock(block *types.Block, res *ProcessResult, err er
 // logForkReadiness will write a log when a future fork is scheduled, but not
 // active. This is useful so operators know their client is ready for the fork.
 func (bc *BlockChain) logForkReadiness(block *types.Block) {
-	c := bc.Config()
+	config := bc.Config()
-	current, last := c.LatestFork(block.Time()), c.LatestFork(math.MaxUint64)
+	current, last := config.LatestFork(block.Time()), config.LatestFork(math.MaxUint64)
-	t := c.Timestamp(last)
+
-	if t == nil {
+	// Short circuit if the timestamp of the last fork is undefined,
+	// or if the network has already passed the last configured fork.
+	t := config.Timestamp(last)
+	if t == nil || current >= last {
 		return
 	}
 	at := time.Unix(int64(*t), 0)
-	if current < last && time.Now().After(bc.lastForkReadyAlert.Add(forkReadyInterval)) {
+
+	// Only log if:
+	// - Current time is before the fork activation time
+	// - Enough time has passed since last alert
+	now := time.Now()
+	if now.Before(at) && now.After(bc.lastForkReadyAlert.Add(forkReadyInterval)) {
 		log.Info("Ready for fork activation", "fork", last, "date", at.Format(time.RFC822),
 			"remaining", time.Until(at).Round(time.Second), "timestamp", at.Unix())
 		bc.lastForkReadyAlert = time.Now()
@@ -2610,7 +2649,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) InsertHeadersBeforeCutoff(headers []*types.Header) (int, e
 		first     = headers[0].Number.Uint64()
 	)
 	if first == 1 && frozen == 0 {
-		_, err := rawdb.WriteAncientBlocks(bc.db, []*types.Block{bc.genesisBlock}, []types.Receipts{nil})
+		_, err := rawdb.WriteAncientBlocks(bc.db, []*types.Block{bc.genesisBlock}, []rlp.RawValue{rlp.EmptyList})
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Error("Error writing genesis to ancients", "err", err)
 			return 0, err

core/blockchain_insert.go

@@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ import (
 
 // insertStats tracks and reports on block insertion.
 type insertStats struct {
-	queued, processed, ignored int
+	processed, ignored int
-	usedGas                    uint64
+	usedGas            uint64
-	lastIndex                  int
+	lastIndex          int
-	startTime                  mclock.AbsTime
+	startTime          mclock.AbsTime
 }
 
 // statsReportLimit is the time limit during import and export after which we
@@ -43,8 +43,12 @@ func (st *insertStats) report(chain []*types.Block, index int, snapDiffItems, sn
 	// Fetch the timings for the batch
 	var (
 		now     = mclock.Now()
-		elapsed = now.Sub(st.startTime)
+		elapsed = now.Sub(st.startTime) + 1 // prevent zero division
+		mgasps  = float64(st.usedGas) * 1000 / float64(elapsed)
 	)
+	// Update the Mgas per second gauge
+	chainMgaspsGauge.Update(int64(mgasps))
+
 	// If we're at the last block of the batch or report period reached, log
 	if index == len(chain)-1 || elapsed >= statsReportLimit {
 		// Count the number of transactions in this segment
@@ -58,7 +62,7 @@ func (st *insertStats) report(chain []*types.Block, index int, snapDiffItems, sn
 		context := []interface{}{
 			"number", end.Number(), "hash", end.Hash(),
 			"blocks", st.processed, "txs", txs, "mgas", float64(st.usedGas) / 1000000,
-			"elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(elapsed), "mgasps", float64(st.usedGas) * 1000 / float64(elapsed),
+			"elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(elapsed), "mgasps", mgasps,
 		}
 		if timestamp := time.Unix(int64(end.Time()), 0); time.Since(timestamp) > time.Minute {
 			context = append(context, []interface{}{"age", common.PrettyAge(timestamp)}...)
@@ -74,9 +78,6 @@ func (st *insertStats) report(chain []*types.Block, index int, snapDiffItems, sn
 		}
 		context = append(context, []interface{}{"triedirty", triebufNodes}...)
 
-		if st.queued > 0 {
-			context = append(context, []interface{}{"queued", st.queued}...)
-		}
 		if st.ignored > 0 {
 			context = append(context, []interface{}{"ignored", st.ignored}...)
 		}
@@ -138,6 +139,7 @@ func (it *insertIterator) next() (*types.Block, error) {
 //
 // Both header and body validation errors (nil too) is cached into the iterator
 // to avoid duplicating work on the following next() call.
+// nolint:unused
 func (it *insertIterator) peek() (*types.Block, error) {
 	// If we reached the end of the chain, abort
 	if it.index+1 >= len(it.chain) {

core/blockchain_reader.go

@@ -234,12 +234,22 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) GetReceiptsByHash(hash common.Hash) types.Receipts {
 	return receipts
 }
 
-func (bc *BlockChain) GetRawReceiptsByHash(hash common.Hash) types.Receipts {
+// GetRawReceipts retrieves the receipts for all transactions in a given block
+// without deriving the internal fields and the Bloom.
+func (bc *BlockChain) GetRawReceipts(hash common.Hash, number uint64) types.Receipts {
+	if receipts, ok := bc.receiptsCache.Get(hash); ok {
+		return receipts
+	}
+	return rawdb.ReadRawReceipts(bc.db, hash, number)
+}
+
+// GetReceiptsRLP retrieves the receipts of a block.
+func (bc *BlockChain) GetReceiptsRLP(hash common.Hash) rlp.RawValue {
 	number := rawdb.ReadHeaderNumber(bc.db, hash)
 	if number == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
-	return rawdb.ReadRawReceipts(bc.db, hash, *number)
+	return rawdb.ReadReceiptsRLP(bc.db, hash, *number)
 }
 
 // GetUnclesInChain retrieves all the uncles from a given block backwards until

core/blockchain_repair_test.go

@@ -1769,7 +1769,7 @@ func testRepairWithScheme(t *testing.T, tt *rewindTest, snapshots bool, scheme s
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to create persistent key-value database: %v", err)
 	}
-	db, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(pdb, ancient, "", false)
+	db, err := rawdb.Open(pdb, rawdb.OpenOptions{Ancient: ancient})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to create persistent freezer database: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -1791,7 +1791,7 @@ func testRepairWithScheme(t *testing.T, tt *rewindTest, snapshots bool, scheme s
 		}
 	)
 	defer engine.Close()
-	if snapshots {
+	if snapshots && scheme == rawdb.HashScheme {
 		config.SnapshotLimit = 256
 		config.SnapshotWait = true
 	}
@@ -1820,7 +1820,7 @@ func testRepairWithScheme(t *testing.T, tt *rewindTest, snapshots bool, scheme s
 		if err := chain.triedb.Commit(canonblocks[tt.commitBlock-1].Root(), false); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("Failed to flush trie state: %v", err)
 		}
-		if snapshots {
+		if snapshots && scheme == rawdb.HashScheme {
 			if err := chain.snaps.Cap(canonblocks[tt.commitBlock-1].Root(), 0); err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("Failed to flatten snapshots: %v", err)
 			}
@@ -1854,7 +1854,7 @@ func testRepairWithScheme(t *testing.T, tt *rewindTest, snapshots bool, scheme s
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to reopen persistent key-value database: %v", err)
 	}
-	db, err = rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(pdb, ancient, "", false)
+	db, err = rawdb.Open(pdb, rawdb.OpenOptions{Ancient: ancient})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to reopen persistent freezer database: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -1919,7 +1919,7 @@ func testIssue23496(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to create persistent key-value database: %v", err)
 	}
-	db, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(pdb, ancient, "", false)
+	db, err := rawdb.Open(pdb, rawdb.OpenOptions{Ancient: ancient})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to create persistent freezer database: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -1952,8 +1952,10 @@ func testIssue23496(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 	if _, err := chain.InsertChain(blocks[1:2]); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to import canonical chain start: %v", err)
 	}
-	if err := chain.snaps.Cap(blocks[1].Root(), 0); err != nil {
+	if scheme == rawdb.HashScheme {
-		t.Fatalf("Failed to flatten snapshots: %v", err)
+		if err := chain.snaps.Cap(blocks[1].Root(), 0); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Failed to flatten snapshots: %v", err)
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Insert block B3 and commit the state into disk
@@ -1977,7 +1979,7 @@ func testIssue23496(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to reopen persistent key-value database: %v", err)
 	}
-	db, err = rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(pdb, ancient, "", false)
+	db, err = rawdb.Open(pdb, rawdb.OpenOptions{Ancient: ancient})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to reopen persistent freezer database: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -1997,15 +1999,23 @@ func testIssue23496(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 	}
 	expHead := uint64(1)
 	if scheme == rawdb.PathScheme {
-		expHead = uint64(2)
+		// The pathdb database makes sure that snapshot and trie are consistent,
+		// so only the last block is reverted in case of a crash.
+		expHead = uint64(3)
 	}
 	if head := chain.CurrentBlock(); head.Number.Uint64() != expHead {
 		t.Errorf("Head block mismatch: have %d, want %d", head.Number, expHead)
 	}
-
+	if scheme == rawdb.PathScheme {
-	// Reinsert B2-B4
+		// Reinsert B4
-	if _, err := chain.InsertChain(blocks[1:]); err != nil {
+		if _, err := chain.InsertChain(blocks[3:]); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Failed to import canonical chain tail: %v", err)
+			t.Fatalf("Failed to import canonical chain tail: %v", err)
+		}
+	} else {
+		// Reinsert B2-B4
+		if _, err := chain.InsertChain(blocks[1:]); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Failed to import canonical chain tail: %v", err)
+		}
 	}
 	if head := chain.CurrentHeader(); head.Number.Uint64() != uint64(4) {
 		t.Errorf("Head header mismatch: have %d, want %d", head.Number, 4)
@@ -2016,7 +2026,9 @@ func testIssue23496(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 	if head := chain.CurrentBlock(); head.Number.Uint64() != uint64(4) {
 		t.Errorf("Head block mismatch: have %d, want %d", head.Number, uint64(4))
 	}
-	if layer := chain.Snapshots().Snapshot(blocks[2].Root()); layer == nil {
+	if scheme == rawdb.HashScheme {
-		t.Error("Failed to regenerate the snapshot of known state")
+		if layer := chain.Snapshots().Snapshot(blocks[2].Root()); layer == nil {
+			t.Error("Failed to regenerate the snapshot of known state")
+		}
 	}
 }

core/blockchain_sethead_test.go

@@ -1973,7 +1973,7 @@ func testSetHeadWithScheme(t *testing.T, tt *rewindTest, snapshots bool, scheme
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to create persistent key-value database: %v", err)
 	}
-	db, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(pdb, ancient, "", false)
+	db, err := rawdb.Open(pdb, rawdb.OpenOptions{Ancient: ancient})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to create persistent freezer database: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -2023,7 +2023,7 @@ func testSetHeadWithScheme(t *testing.T, tt *rewindTest, snapshots bool, scheme
 	}
 	if tt.commitBlock > 0 {
 		chain.triedb.Commit(canonblocks[tt.commitBlock-1].Root(), false)
-		if snapshots {
+		if snapshots && scheme == rawdb.HashScheme {
 			if err := chain.snaps.Cap(canonblocks[tt.commitBlock-1].Root(), 0); err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("Failed to flatten snapshots: %v", err)
 			}

core/blockchain_snapshot_test.go

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ func (basic *snapshotTestBasic) prepare(t *testing.T) (*BlockChain, []*types.Blo
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to create persistent key-value database: %v", err)
 	}
-	db, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(pdb, ancient, "", false)
+	db, err := rawdb.Open(pdb, rawdb.OpenOptions{Ancient: ancient})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to create persistent freezer database: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ func (basic *snapshotTestBasic) prepare(t *testing.T) (*BlockChain, []*types.Blo
 		if basic.commitBlock > 0 && basic.commitBlock == point {
 			chain.TrieDB().Commit(blocks[point-1].Root(), false)
 		}
-		if basic.snapshotBlock > 0 && basic.snapshotBlock == point {
+		if basic.snapshotBlock > 0 && basic.snapshotBlock == point && basic.scheme == rawdb.HashScheme {
 			// Flushing the entire snap tree into the disk, the
 			// relevant (a) snapshot root and (b) snapshot generator
 			// will be persisted atomically.
@@ -149,13 +149,17 @@ func (basic *snapshotTestBasic) verify(t *testing.T, chain *BlockChain, blocks [
 	block := chain.GetBlockByNumber(basic.expSnapshotBottom)
 	if block == nil {
 		t.Errorf("The corresponding block[%d] of snapshot disk layer is missing", basic.expSnapshotBottom)
-	} else if !bytes.Equal(chain.snaps.DiskRoot().Bytes(), block.Root().Bytes()) {
+	} else if basic.scheme == rawdb.HashScheme {
-		t.Errorf("The snapshot disk layer root is incorrect, want %x, get %x", block.Root(), chain.snaps.DiskRoot())
+		if !bytes.Equal(chain.snaps.DiskRoot().Bytes(), block.Root().Bytes()) {
+			t.Errorf("The snapshot disk layer root is incorrect, want %x, get %x", block.Root(), chain.snaps.DiskRoot())
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Check the snapshot, ensure it's integrated
-	if err := chain.snaps.Verify(block.Root()); err != nil {
+	if basic.scheme == rawdb.HashScheme {
-		t.Errorf("The disk layer is not integrated %v", err)
+		if err := chain.snaps.Verify(block.Root()); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("The disk layer is not integrated %v", err)
+		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -261,7 +265,7 @@ func (snaptest *crashSnapshotTest) test(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to create persistent key-value database: %v", err)
 	}
-	newdb, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(pdb, snaptest.ancient, "", false)
+	newdb, err := rawdb.Open(pdb, rawdb.OpenOptions{Ancient: snaptest.ancient})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to create persistent freezer database: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -565,12 +569,14 @@ func TestHighCommitCrashWithNewSnapshot(t *testing.T) {
 	//
 	// Expected head header    : C8
 	// Expected head fast block: C8
-	// Expected head block     : G
+	// Expected head block     : G (Hash mode), C6 (Hash mode)
-	// Expected snapshot disk  : C4
+	// Expected snapshot disk  : C4 (Hash mode)
 	for _, scheme := range []string{rawdb.HashScheme, rawdb.PathScheme} {
 		expHead := uint64(0)
 		if scheme == rawdb.PathScheme {
-			expHead = uint64(4)
+			// The pathdb database makes sure that snapshot and trie are consistent,
+			// so only the last two blocks are reverted in case of a crash.
+			expHead = uint64(6)
 		}
 		test := &crashSnapshotTest{
 			snapshotTestBasic{

core/blockchain_test.go

@@ -734,11 +734,11 @@ func testFastVsFullChains(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 	fast, _ := NewBlockChain(fastDb, DefaultCacheConfigWithScheme(scheme), gspec, nil, ethash.NewFaker(), vm.Config{}, nil)
 	defer fast.Stop()
 
-	if n, err := fast.InsertReceiptChain(blocks, receipts, 0); err != nil {
+	if n, err := fast.InsertReceiptChain(blocks, types.EncodeBlockReceiptLists(receipts), 0); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to insert receipt %d: %v", n, err)
 	}
 	// Freezer style fast import the chain.
-	ancientDb, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), "", "", false)
+	ancientDb, err := rawdb.Open(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), rawdb.OpenOptions{})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create temp freezer db: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -747,7 +747,7 @@ func testFastVsFullChains(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 	ancient, _ := NewBlockChain(ancientDb, DefaultCacheConfigWithScheme(scheme), gspec, nil, ethash.NewFaker(), vm.Config{}, nil)
 	defer ancient.Stop()
 
-	if n, err := ancient.InsertReceiptChain(blocks, receipts, uint64(len(blocks)/2)); err != nil {
+	if n, err := ancient.InsertReceiptChain(blocks, types.EncodeBlockReceiptLists(receipts), uint64(len(blocks)/2)); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to insert receipt %d: %v", n, err)
 	}
 
@@ -824,7 +824,7 @@ func testLightVsFastVsFullChainHeads(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 
 	// makeDb creates a db instance for testing.
 	makeDb := func() ethdb.Database {
-		db, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), "", "", false)
+		db, err := rawdb.Open(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), rawdb.OpenOptions{})
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("failed to create temp freezer db: %v", err)
 		}
@@ -871,7 +871,7 @@ func testLightVsFastVsFullChainHeads(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 	fast, _ := NewBlockChain(fastDb, DefaultCacheConfigWithScheme(scheme), gspec, nil, ethash.NewFaker(), vm.Config{}, nil)
 	defer fast.Stop()
 
-	if n, err := fast.InsertReceiptChain(blocks, receipts, 0); err != nil {
+	if n, err := fast.InsertReceiptChain(blocks, types.EncodeBlockReceiptLists(receipts), 0); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to insert receipt %d: %v", n, err)
 	}
 	assert(t, "fast", fast, height, height, 0)
@@ -884,7 +884,7 @@ func testLightVsFastVsFullChainHeads(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 	ancient, _ := NewBlockChain(ancientDb, DefaultCacheConfigWithScheme(scheme), gspec, nil, ethash.NewFaker(), vm.Config{}, nil)
 	defer ancient.Stop()
 
-	if n, err := ancient.InsertReceiptChain(blocks, receipts, uint64(3*len(blocks)/4)); err != nil {
+	if n, err := ancient.InsertReceiptChain(blocks, types.EncodeBlockReceiptLists(receipts), uint64(3*len(blocks)/4)); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to insert receipt %d: %v", n, err)
 	}
 	assert(t, "ancient", ancient, height, height, 0)
@@ -1623,7 +1623,7 @@ func testLargeReorgTrieGC(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 	competitor, _ := GenerateChain(genesis.Config, shared[len(shared)-1], engine, genDb, 2*state.TriesInMemory+1, func(i int, b *BlockGen) { b.SetCoinbase(common.Address{3}) })
 
 	// Import the shared chain and the original canonical one
-	db, _ := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), "", "", false)
+	db, _ := rawdb.Open(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), rawdb.OpenOptions{})
 	defer db.Close()
 
 	chain, err := NewBlockChain(db, DefaultCacheConfigWithScheme(scheme), genesis, nil, engine, vm.Config{}, nil)
@@ -1689,14 +1689,14 @@ func testBlockchainRecovery(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 	_, blocks, receipts := GenerateChainWithGenesis(gspec, ethash.NewFaker(), int(height), nil)
 
 	// Import the chain as a ancient-first node and ensure all pointers are updated
-	ancientDb, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false)
+	ancientDb, err := rawdb.Open(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), rawdb.OpenOptions{Ancient: t.TempDir()})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create temp freezer db: %v", err)
 	}
 	defer ancientDb.Close()
 	ancient, _ := NewBlockChain(ancientDb, DefaultCacheConfigWithScheme(scheme), gspec, nil, ethash.NewFaker(), vm.Config{}, nil)
 
-	if n, err := ancient.InsertReceiptChain(blocks, receipts, uint64(3*len(blocks)/4)); err != nil {
+	if n, err := ancient.InsertReceiptChain(blocks, types.EncodeBlockReceiptLists(receipts), uint64(3*len(blocks)/4)); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to insert receipt %d: %v", n, err)
 	}
 	rawdb.WriteLastPivotNumber(ancientDb, blocks[len(blocks)-1].NumberU64()) // Force fast sync behavior
@@ -1747,7 +1747,7 @@ func testLowDiffLongChain(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 	})
 
 	// Import the canonical chain
-	diskdb, _ := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), "", "", false)
+	diskdb, _ := rawdb.Open(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), rawdb.OpenOptions{})
 	defer diskdb.Close()
 
 	chain, err := NewBlockChain(diskdb, DefaultCacheConfigWithScheme(scheme), genesis, nil, engine, vm.Config{}, nil)
@@ -1959,7 +1959,7 @@ func testInsertKnownChainData(t *testing.T, typ string, scheme string) {
 		b.OffsetTime(-9) // A higher difficulty
 	})
 	// Import the shared chain and the original canonical one
-	chaindb, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), "", "", false)
+	chaindb, err := rawdb.Open(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), rawdb.OpenOptions{})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create temp freezer db: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -1991,7 +1991,7 @@ func testInsertKnownChainData(t *testing.T, typ string, scheme string) {
 		}
 	} else if typ == "receipts" {
 		inserter = func(blocks []*types.Block, receipts []types.Receipts) error {
-			_, err = chain.InsertReceiptChain(blocks, receipts, 0)
+			_, err = chain.InsertReceiptChain(blocks, types.EncodeBlockReceiptLists(receipts), 0)
 			return err
 		}
 		asserter = func(t *testing.T, block *types.Block) {
@@ -2122,7 +2122,7 @@ func testInsertKnownChainDataWithMerging(t *testing.T, typ string, mergeHeight i
 		}
 	})
 	// Import the shared chain and the original canonical one
-	chaindb, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), "", "", false)
+	chaindb, err := rawdb.Open(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), rawdb.OpenOptions{})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create temp freezer db: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -2157,7 +2157,7 @@ func testInsertKnownChainDataWithMerging(t *testing.T, typ string, mergeHeight i
 		}
 	} else if typ == "receipts" {
 		inserter = func(blocks []*types.Block, receipts []types.Receipts) error {
-			_, err = chain.InsertReceiptChain(blocks, receipts, 0)
+			_, err = chain.InsertReceiptChain(blocks, types.EncodeBlockReceiptLists(receipts), 0)
 			return err
 		}
 		asserter = func(t *testing.T, block *types.Block) {
@@ -2496,7 +2496,7 @@ func testSideImportPrunedBlocks(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to create persistent key-value database: %v", err)
 	}
-	db, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(pdb, ancient, "", false)
+	db, err := rawdb.Open(pdb, rawdb.OpenOptions{Ancient: ancient})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to create persistent freezer database: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -3403,7 +3403,7 @@ func testSetCanonical(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 		}
 		gen.AddTx(tx)
 	})
-	diskdb, _ := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), "", "", false)
+	diskdb, _ := rawdb.Open(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), rawdb.OpenOptions{})
 	defer diskdb.Close()
 
 	chain, err := NewBlockChain(diskdb, DefaultCacheConfigWithScheme(scheme), gspec, nil, engine, vm.Config{}, nil)
@@ -4199,16 +4199,16 @@ func testChainReorgSnapSync(t *testing.T, ancientLimit uint64) {
 		gen.SetCoinbase(common.Address{0: byte(0xb), 19: byte(i)})
 	})
 
-	db, _ := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), "", "", false)
+	db, _ := rawdb.Open(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), rawdb.OpenOptions{})
 	defer db.Close()
 
 	chain, _ := NewBlockChain(db, DefaultCacheConfigWithScheme(rawdb.PathScheme), gspec, nil, beacon.New(ethash.NewFaker()), vm.Config{}, nil)
 	defer chain.Stop()
 
-	if n, err := chain.InsertReceiptChain(blocks, receipts, ancientLimit); err != nil {
+	if n, err := chain.InsertReceiptChain(blocks, types.EncodeBlockReceiptLists(receipts), ancientLimit); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to insert receipt %d: %v", n, err)
 	}
-	if n, err := chain.InsertReceiptChain(chainA, receiptsA, ancientLimit); err != nil {
+	if n, err := chain.InsertReceiptChain(chainA, types.EncodeBlockReceiptLists(receiptsA), ancientLimit); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to insert receipt %d: %v", n, err)
 	}
 	// If the common ancestor is below the ancient limit, rewind the chain head.
@@ -4218,7 +4218,7 @@ func testChainReorgSnapSync(t *testing.T, ancientLimit uint64) {
 		rawdb.WriteLastPivotNumber(db, ancestor)
 		chain.SetHead(ancestor)
 	}
-	if n, err := chain.InsertReceiptChain(chainB, receiptsB, ancientLimit); err != nil {
+	if n, err := chain.InsertReceiptChain(chainB, types.EncodeBlockReceiptLists(receiptsB), ancientLimit); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to insert receipt %d: %v", n, err)
 	}
 	head := chain.CurrentSnapBlock()
@@ -4315,7 +4315,7 @@ func testInsertChainWithCutoff(t *testing.T, cutoff uint64, ancientLimit uint64,
 	config := DefaultCacheConfigWithScheme(rawdb.PathScheme)
 	config.ChainHistoryMode = history.KeepPostMerge
 
-	db, _ := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), "", "", false)
+	db, _ := rawdb.Open(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), rawdb.OpenOptions{})
 	defer db.Close()
 	chain, _ := NewBlockChain(db, DefaultCacheConfigWithScheme(rawdb.PathScheme), genesis, nil, beacon.New(ethash.NewFaker()), vm.Config{}, nil)
 	defer chain.Stop()
@@ -4336,7 +4336,7 @@ func testInsertChainWithCutoff(t *testing.T, cutoff uint64, ancientLimit uint64,
 	if n, err := chain.InsertHeadersBeforeCutoff(headersBefore); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to insert headers before cutoff %d: %v", n, err)
 	}
-	if n, err := chain.InsertReceiptChain(blocksAfter, receiptsAfter, ancientLimit); err != nil {
+	if n, err := chain.InsertReceiptChain(blocksAfter, types.EncodeBlockReceiptLists(receiptsAfter), ancientLimit); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to insert receipt %d: %v", n, err)
 	}
 	headSnap := chain.CurrentSnapBlock()

core/filtermaps/chain_view.go

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ type blockchain interface {
 	GetHeader(hash common.Hash, number uint64) *types.Header
 	GetCanonicalHash(number uint64) common.Hash
 	GetReceiptsByHash(hash common.Hash) types.Receipts
-	GetRawReceiptsByHash(hash common.Hash) types.Receipts
+	GetRawReceipts(hash common.Hash, number uint64) types.Receipts
 }
 
 // ChainView represents an immutable view of a chain with a block id and a set
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ func (cv *ChainView) RawReceipts(number uint64) types.Receipts {
 		log.Error("Chain view: block hash unavailable", "number", number, "head", cv.headNumber)
 		return nil
 	}
-	return cv.chain.GetRawReceiptsByHash(blockHash)
+	return cv.chain.GetRawReceipts(blockHash, number)
 }
 
 // SharedRange returns the block range shared by two chain views.

core/filtermaps/filtermaps.go

@@ -53,7 +53,6 @@ const (
 	databaseVersion       = 2    // reindexed if database version does not match
 	cachedLastBlocks      = 1000 // last block of map pointers
 	cachedLvPointers      = 1000 // first log value pointer of block pointers
-	cachedBaseRows        = 100  // groups of base layer filter row data
 	cachedFilterMaps      = 3    // complete filter maps (cached by map renderer)
 	cachedRenderSnapshots = 8    // saved map renderer data at block boundaries
 )
@@ -101,7 +100,6 @@ type FilterMaps struct {
 	filterMapCache *lru.Cache[uint32, filterMap]
 	lastBlockCache *lru.Cache[uint32, lastBlockOfMap]
 	lvPointerCache *lru.Cache[uint64, uint64]
-	baseRowsCache  *lru.Cache[uint64, [][]uint32]
 
 	// the matchers set and the fields of FilterMapsMatcherBackend instances are
 	// read and written both by exported functions and the indexer.
@@ -227,7 +225,7 @@ type Config struct {
 // NewFilterMaps creates a new FilterMaps and starts the indexer.
 func NewFilterMaps(db ethdb.KeyValueStore, initView *ChainView, historyCutoff, finalBlock uint64, params Params, config Config) *FilterMaps {
 	rs, initialized, err := rawdb.ReadFilterMapsRange(db)
-	if err != nil || rs.Version != databaseVersion {
+	if err != nil || (initialized && rs.Version != databaseVersion) {
 		rs, initialized = rawdb.FilterMapsRange{}, false
 		log.Warn("Invalid log index database version; resetting log index")
 	}
@@ -264,7 +262,6 @@ func NewFilterMaps(db ethdb.KeyValueStore, initView *ChainView, historyCutoff, f
 		filterMapCache:  lru.NewCache[uint32, filterMap](cachedFilterMaps),
 		lastBlockCache:  lru.NewCache[uint32, lastBlockOfMap](cachedLastBlocks),
 		lvPointerCache:  lru.NewCache[uint64, uint64](cachedLvPointers),
-		baseRowsCache:   lru.NewCache[uint64, [][]uint32](cachedBaseRows),
 		renderSnapshots: lru.NewCache[uint64, *renderedMap](cachedRenderSnapshots),
 	}
 	f.checkRevertRange() // revert maps that are inconsistent with the current chain view
@@ -348,7 +345,6 @@ func (f *FilterMaps) reset() {
 	f.renderSnapshots.Purge()
 	f.lastBlockCache.Purge()
 	f.lvPointerCache.Purge()
-	f.baseRowsCache.Purge()
 	f.indexLock.Unlock()
 	// deleting the range first ensures that resetDb will be called again at next
 	// startup and any leftover data will be removed even if it cannot finish now.
@@ -565,47 +561,69 @@ func (f *FilterMaps) getFilterMap(mapIndex uint32) (filterMap, error) {
 	}
 	fm := make(filterMap, f.mapHeight)
 	for rowIndex := range fm {
-		var err error
+		rows, err := f.getFilterMapRows([]uint32{mapIndex}, uint32(rowIndex), false)
-		fm[rowIndex], err = f.getFilterMapRow(mapIndex, uint32(rowIndex), false)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to load filter map %d from database: %v", mapIndex, err)
 		}
+		fm[rowIndex] = rows[0]
 	}
 	f.filterMapCache.Add(mapIndex, fm)
 	return fm, nil
 }
 
-// getFilterMapRow fetches the given filter map row. If baseLayerOnly is true
+// getFilterMapRows fetches a set of filter map rows at the corresponding map
-// then only the first baseRowLength entries are returned.
+// indices and a shared row index. If baseLayerOnly is true then only the first
-func (f *FilterMaps) getFilterMapRow(mapIndex, rowIndex uint32, baseLayerOnly bool) (FilterRow, error) {
+// baseRowLength entries are returned.
-	baseMapRowIndex := f.mapRowIndex(mapIndex&-f.baseRowGroupLength, rowIndex)
+func (f *FilterMaps) getFilterMapRows(mapIndices []uint32, rowIndex uint32, baseLayerOnly bool) ([]FilterRow, error) {
-	baseRows, ok := f.baseRowsCache.Get(baseMapRowIndex)
+	rows := make([]FilterRow, len(mapIndices))
-	if !ok {
+	var ptr int
-		var err error
+	for len(mapIndices) > ptr {
-		baseRows, err = rawdb.ReadFilterMapBaseRows(f.db, baseMapRowIndex, f.baseRowGroupLength, f.logMapWidth)
+		baseRowGroup := mapIndices[ptr] / f.baseRowGroupLength
-		if err != nil {
+		groupLength := 1
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to retrieve filter map %d base rows %d: %v", mapIndex, rowIndex, err)
+		for ptr+groupLength < len(mapIndices) && mapIndices[ptr+groupLength]/f.baseRowGroupLength == baseRowGroup {
+			groupLength++
 		}
-		f.baseRowsCache.Add(baseMapRowIndex, baseRows)
+		if err := f.getFilterMapRowsOfGroup(rows[ptr:ptr+groupLength], mapIndices[ptr:ptr+groupLength], rowIndex, baseLayerOnly); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		ptr += groupLength
 	}
-	baseRow := slices.Clone(baseRows[mapIndex&(f.baseRowGroupLength-1)])
+	return rows, nil
-	if baseLayerOnly {
+}
-		return baseRow, nil
+
-	}
+// getFilterMapRowsOfGroup fetches a set of filter map rows at map indices
-	extRow, err := rawdb.ReadFilterMapExtRow(f.db, f.mapRowIndex(mapIndex, rowIndex), f.logMapWidth)
+// belonging to the same base row group.
+func (f *FilterMaps) getFilterMapRowsOfGroup(target []FilterRow, mapIndices []uint32, rowIndex uint32, baseLayerOnly bool) error {
+	baseRowGroup := mapIndices[0] / f.baseRowGroupLength
+	baseMapRowIndex := f.mapRowIndex(baseRowGroup*f.baseRowGroupLength, rowIndex)
+	baseRows, err := rawdb.ReadFilterMapBaseRows(f.db, baseMapRowIndex, f.baseRowGroupLength, f.logMapWidth)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to retrieve filter map %d extended row %d: %v", mapIndex, rowIndex, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to retrieve base row group %d of row %d: %v", baseRowGroup, rowIndex, err)
 	}
-	return FilterRow(append(baseRow, extRow...)), nil
+	for i, mapIndex := range mapIndices {
+		if mapIndex/f.baseRowGroupLength != baseRowGroup {
+			panic("mapIndices are not in the same base row group")
+		}
+		row := baseRows[mapIndex&(f.baseRowGroupLength-1)]
+		if !baseLayerOnly {
+			extRow, err := rawdb.ReadFilterMapExtRow(f.db, f.mapRowIndex(mapIndex, rowIndex), f.logMapWidth)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to retrieve filter map %d extended row %d: %v", mapIndex, rowIndex, err)
+			}
+			row = append(row, extRow...)
+		}
+		target[i] = row
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 // storeFilterMapRows stores a set of filter map rows at the corresponding map
 // indices and a shared row index.
 func (f *FilterMaps) storeFilterMapRows(batch ethdb.Batch, mapIndices []uint32, rowIndex uint32, rows []FilterRow) error {
 	for len(mapIndices) > 0 {
-		baseMapIndex := mapIndices[0] & -f.baseRowGroupLength
+		baseRowGroup := mapIndices[0] / f.baseRowGroupLength
 		groupLength := 1
-		for groupLength < len(mapIndices) && mapIndices[groupLength]&-f.baseRowGroupLength == baseMapIndex {
+		for groupLength < len(mapIndices) && mapIndices[groupLength]/f.baseRowGroupLength == baseRowGroup {
 			groupLength++
 		}
 		if err := f.storeFilterMapRowsOfGroup(batch, mapIndices[:groupLength], rowIndex, rows[:groupLength]); err != nil {
@@ -619,26 +637,20 @@ func (f *FilterMaps) storeFilterMapRows(batch ethdb.Batch, mapIndices []uint32,
 // storeFilterMapRowsOfGroup stores a set of filter map rows at map indices
 // belonging to the same base row group.
 func (f *FilterMaps) storeFilterMapRowsOfGroup(batch ethdb.Batch, mapIndices []uint32, rowIndex uint32, rows []FilterRow) error {
-	baseMapIndex := mapIndices[0] & -f.baseRowGroupLength
+	baseRowGroup := mapIndices[0] / f.baseRowGroupLength
-	baseMapRowIndex := f.mapRowIndex(baseMapIndex, rowIndex)
+	baseMapRowIndex := f.mapRowIndex(baseRowGroup*f.baseRowGroupLength, rowIndex)
 	var baseRows [][]uint32
 	if uint32(len(mapIndices)) != f.baseRowGroupLength { // skip base rows read if all rows are replaced
-		var ok bool
+		var err error
-		baseRows, ok = f.baseRowsCache.Get(baseMapRowIndex)
+		baseRows, err = rawdb.ReadFilterMapBaseRows(f.db, baseMapRowIndex, f.baseRowGroupLength, f.logMapWidth)
-		if ok {
+		if err != nil {
-			baseRows = slices.Clone(baseRows)
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to retrieve base row group %d of row %d for modification: %v", baseRowGroup, rowIndex, err)
-		} else {
-			var err error
-			baseRows, err = rawdb.ReadFilterMapBaseRows(f.db, baseMapRowIndex, f.baseRowGroupLength, f.logMapWidth)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to retrieve filter map %d base rows %d for modification: %v", mapIndices[0]&-f.baseRowGroupLength, rowIndex, err)
-			}
 		}
 	} else {
 		baseRows = make([][]uint32, f.baseRowGroupLength)
 	}
 	for i, mapIndex := range mapIndices {
-		if mapIndex&-f.baseRowGroupLength != baseMapIndex {
+		if mapIndex/f.baseRowGroupLength != baseRowGroup {
 			panic("mapIndices are not in the same base row group")
 		}
 		baseRow := []uint32(rows[i])
@@ -650,7 +662,6 @@ func (f *FilterMaps) storeFilterMapRowsOfGroup(batch ethdb.Batch, mapIndices []u
 		baseRows[mapIndex&(f.baseRowGroupLength-1)] = baseRow
 		rawdb.WriteFilterMapExtRow(batch, f.mapRowIndex(mapIndex, rowIndex), extRow, f.logMapWidth)
 	}
-	f.baseRowsCache.Add(baseMapRowIndex, baseRows)
 	rawdb.WriteFilterMapBaseRows(batch, baseMapRowIndex, baseRows, f.logMapWidth)
 	return nil
 }

core/filtermaps/indexer_test.go

@@ -428,10 +428,12 @@ func (ts *testSetup) matcherViewHash() common.Hash {
 		binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(enc[:4], r)
 		for m := uint32(0); m <= headMap; m++ {
 			binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(enc[4:8], m)
-			row, _ := mb.GetFilterMapRow(ctx, m, r, false)
+			rows, _ := mb.GetFilterMapRows(ctx, []uint32{m}, r, false)
-			for _, v := range row {
+			for _, row := range rows {
-				binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(enc[8:], v)
+				for _, v := range row {
-				hasher.Write(enc[:])
+					binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(enc[8:], v)
+					hasher.Write(enc[:])
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -515,7 +517,7 @@ func (tc *testChain) GetReceiptsByHash(hash common.Hash) types.Receipts {
 	return tc.receipts[hash]
 }
 
-func (tc *testChain) GetRawReceiptsByHash(hash common.Hash) types.Receipts {
+func (tc *testChain) GetRawReceipts(hash common.Hash, number uint64) types.Receipts {
 	tc.lock.RLock()
 	defer tc.lock.RUnlock()
 

core/filtermaps/matcher.go

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"math"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
@@ -45,7 +44,7 @@ var ErrMatchAll = errors.New("match all patterns not supported")
 type MatcherBackend interface {
 	GetParams() *Params
 	GetBlockLvPointer(ctx context.Context, blockNumber uint64) (uint64, error)
-	GetFilterMapRow(ctx context.Context, mapIndex, rowIndex uint32, baseLayerOnly bool) (FilterRow, error)
+	GetFilterMapRows(ctx context.Context, mapIndices []uint32, rowIndex uint32, baseLayerOnly bool) ([]FilterRow, error)
 	GetLogByLvIndex(ctx context.Context, lvIndex uint64) (*types.Log, error)
 	SyncLogIndex(ctx context.Context) (SyncRange, error)
 	Close()
@@ -365,50 +364,57 @@ func (m *singleMatcherInstance) getMatchesForLayer(ctx context.Context, layerInd
 	var st int
 	m.stats.setState(&st, stOther)
 	params := m.backend.GetParams()
-	maskedMapIndex, rowIndex := uint32(math.MaxUint32), uint32(0)
+	var ptr int
-	for _, mapIndex := range m.mapIndices {
+	for len(m.mapIndices) > ptr {
-		filterRows, ok := m.filterRows[mapIndex]
+		// find next group of map indices mapped onto the same row
-		if !ok {
+		maskedMapIndex := params.maskedMapIndex(m.mapIndices[ptr], layerIndex)
-			continue
+		rowIndex := params.rowIndex(m.mapIndices[ptr], layerIndex, m.value)
-		}
+		groupLength := 1
-		if mm := params.maskedMapIndex(mapIndex, layerIndex); mm != maskedMapIndex {
+		for ptr+groupLength < len(m.mapIndices) && params.maskedMapIndex(m.mapIndices[ptr+groupLength], layerIndex) == maskedMapIndex {
-			// only recalculate rowIndex when necessary
+			groupLength++
-			maskedMapIndex = mm
-			rowIndex = params.rowIndex(mapIndex, layerIndex, m.value)
 		}
 		if layerIndex == 0 {
 			m.stats.setState(&st, stFetchFirst)
 		} else {
 			m.stats.setState(&st, stFetchMore)
 		}
-		filterRow, err := m.backend.GetFilterMapRow(ctx, mapIndex, rowIndex, layerIndex == 0)
+		groupRows, err := m.backend.GetFilterMapRows(ctx, m.mapIndices[ptr:ptr+groupLength], rowIndex, layerIndex == 0)
 		if err != nil {
 			m.stats.setState(&st, stNone)
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to retrieve filter map %d row %d: %v", mapIndex, rowIndex, err)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to retrieve filter map %d row %d: %v", m.mapIndices[ptr], rowIndex, err)
 		}
-		if layerIndex == 0 {
-			matchBaseRowAccessMeter.Mark(1)
-			matchBaseRowSizeMeter.Mark(int64(len(filterRow)))
-		} else {
-			matchExtRowAccessMeter.Mark(1)
-			matchExtRowSizeMeter.Mark(int64(len(filterRow)))
-		}
-		m.stats.addAmount(st, int64(len(filterRow)))
 		m.stats.setState(&st, stOther)
-		filterRows = append(filterRows, filterRow)
+		for i := range groupLength {
-		if uint32(len(filterRow)) < params.maxRowLength(layerIndex) {
+			mapIndex := m.mapIndices[ptr+i]
-			m.stats.setState(&st, stProcess)
+			filterRow := groupRows[i]
-			matches := params.potentialMatches(filterRows, mapIndex, m.value)
+			filterRows, ok := m.filterRows[mapIndex]
-			m.stats.addAmount(st, int64(len(matches)))
+			if !ok {
-			results = append(results, matcherResult{
+				panic("dropped map in mapIndices")
-				mapIndex: mapIndex,
+			}
-				matches:  matches,
+			if layerIndex == 0 {
-			})
+				matchBaseRowAccessMeter.Mark(1)
-			m.stats.setState(&st, stOther)
+				matchBaseRowSizeMeter.Mark(int64(len(filterRow)))
-			delete(m.filterRows, mapIndex)
+			} else {
-		} else {
+				matchExtRowAccessMeter.Mark(1)
-			m.filterRows[mapIndex] = filterRows
+				matchExtRowSizeMeter.Mark(int64(len(filterRow)))
+			}
+			m.stats.addAmount(st, int64(len(filterRow)))
+			filterRows = append(filterRows, filterRow)
+			if uint32(len(filterRow)) < params.maxRowLength(layerIndex) {
+				m.stats.setState(&st, stProcess)
+				matches := params.potentialMatches(filterRows, mapIndex, m.value)
+				m.stats.addAmount(st, int64(len(matches)))
+				results = append(results, matcherResult{
+					mapIndex: mapIndex,
+					matches:  matches,
+				})
+				m.stats.setState(&st, stOther)
+				delete(m.filterRows, mapIndex)
+			} else {
+				m.filterRows[mapIndex] = filterRows
+			}
 		}
+		ptr += groupLength
 	}
 	m.cleanMapIndices()
 	m.stats.setState(&st, stNone)

core/filtermaps/matcher_backend.go

@@ -67,18 +67,15 @@ func (fm *FilterMapsMatcherBackend) Close() {
 	delete(fm.f.matchers, fm)
 }
 
-// GetFilterMapRow returns the given row of the given map. If the row is empty
+// GetFilterMapRows returns the given row of the given map. If the row is empty
 // then a non-nil zero length row is returned. If baseLayerOnly is true then
 // only the first baseRowLength entries of the row are guaranteed to be
 // returned.
 // Note that the returned slices should not be modified, they should be copied
 // on write.
-// GetFilterMapRow implements MatcherBackend.
+// GetFilterMapRows implements MatcherBackend.
-func (fm *FilterMapsMatcherBackend) GetFilterMapRow(ctx context.Context, mapIndex, rowIndex uint32, baseLayerOnly bool) (FilterRow, error) {
+func (fm *FilterMapsMatcherBackend) GetFilterMapRows(ctx context.Context, mapIndices []uint32, rowIndex uint32, baseLayerOnly bool) ([]FilterRow, error) {
-	fm.f.indexLock.RLock()
+	return fm.f.getFilterMapRows(mapIndices, rowIndex, baseLayerOnly)
-	defer fm.f.indexLock.RUnlock()
-
-	return fm.f.getFilterMapRow(mapIndex, rowIndex, baseLayerOnly)
 }
 
 // GetBlockLvPointer returns the starting log value index where the log values

core/rawdb/accessors_chain.go

@@ -545,8 +545,8 @@ func ReadReceiptsRLP(db ethdb.Reader, hash common.Hash, number uint64) rlp.RawVa
 }
 
 // ReadRawReceipts retrieves all the transaction receipts belonging to a block.
-// The receipt metadata fields are not guaranteed to be populated, so they
+// The receipt metadata fields and the Bloom are not guaranteed to be populated,
-// should not be used. Use ReadReceipts instead if the metadata is needed.
+// so they should not be used. Use ReadReceipts instead if the metadata is needed.
 func ReadRawReceipts(db ethdb.Reader, hash common.Hash, number uint64) types.Receipts {
 	// Retrieve the flattened receipt slice
 	data := ReadReceiptsRLP(db, hash, number)
@@ -621,6 +621,14 @@ func WriteReceipts(db ethdb.KeyValueWriter, hash common.Hash, number uint64, rec
 	}
 }
 
+// WriteRawReceipts stores all the transaction receipts belonging to a block.
+func WriteRawReceipts(db ethdb.KeyValueWriter, hash common.Hash, number uint64, receipts rlp.RawValue) {
+	// Store the flattened receipt slice
+	if err := db.Put(blockReceiptsKey(number, hash), receipts); err != nil {
+		log.Crit("Failed to store block receipts", "err", err)
+	}
+}
+
 // DeleteReceipts removes all receipt data associated with a block hash.
 func DeleteReceipts(db ethdb.KeyValueWriter, hash common.Hash, number uint64) {
 	if err := db.Delete(blockReceiptsKey(number, hash)); err != nil {
@@ -701,18 +709,11 @@ func WriteBlock(db ethdb.KeyValueWriter, block *types.Block) {
 }
 
 // WriteAncientBlocks writes entire block data into ancient store and returns the total written size.
-func WriteAncientBlocks(db ethdb.AncientWriter, blocks []*types.Block, receipts []types.Receipts) (int64, error) {
+func WriteAncientBlocks(db ethdb.AncientWriter, blocks []*types.Block, receipts []rlp.RawValue) (int64, error) {
-	var stReceipts []*types.ReceiptForStorage
-
 	return db.ModifyAncients(func(op ethdb.AncientWriteOp) error {
 		for i, block := range blocks {
-			// Convert receipts to storage format and sum up total difficulty.
-			stReceipts = stReceipts[:0]
-			for _, receipt := range receipts[i] {
-				stReceipts = append(stReceipts, (*types.ReceiptForStorage)(receipt))
-			}
 			header := block.Header()
-			if err := writeAncientBlock(op, block, header, stReceipts); err != nil {
+			if err := writeAncientBlock(op, block, header, receipts[i]); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 		}
@@ -720,7 +721,7 @@ func WriteAncientBlocks(db ethdb.AncientWriter, blocks []*types.Block, receipts
 	})
 }
 
-func writeAncientBlock(op ethdb.AncientWriteOp, block *types.Block, header *types.Header, receipts []*types.ReceiptForStorage) error {
+func writeAncientBlock(op ethdb.AncientWriteOp, block *types.Block, header *types.Header, receipts rlp.RawValue) error {
 	num := block.NumberU64()
 	if err := op.AppendRaw(ChainFreezerHashTable, num, block.Hash().Bytes()); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("can't add block %d hash: %v", num, err)

core/rawdb/accessors_chain_test.go

@@ -377,7 +377,11 @@ func TestBlockReceiptStorage(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("receipts returned when body was deleted: %v", rs)
 	}
 	// Ensure that receipts without metadata can be returned without the block body too
-	if err := checkReceiptsRLP(ReadRawReceipts(db, hash, 0), receipts); err != nil {
+	raw := ReadRawReceipts(db, hash, 0)
+	for _, r := range raw {
+		r.Bloom = types.CreateBloom(r)
+	}
+	if err := checkReceiptsRLP(raw, receipts); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	// Sanity check that body alone without the receipt is a full purge
@@ -412,7 +416,7 @@ func checkReceiptsRLP(have, want types.Receipts) error {
 func TestAncientStorage(t *testing.T) {
 	// Freezer style fast import the chain.
 	frdir := t.TempDir()
-	db, err := NewDatabaseWithFreezer(NewMemoryDatabase(), frdir, "", false)
+	db, err := Open(NewMemoryDatabase(), OpenOptions{Ancient: frdir})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create database with ancient backend")
 	}
@@ -439,7 +443,7 @@ func TestAncientStorage(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// Write and verify the header in the database
-	WriteAncientBlocks(db, []*types.Block{block}, []types.Receipts{nil})
+	WriteAncientBlocks(db, []*types.Block{block}, types.EncodeBlockReceiptLists([]types.Receipts{nil}))
 
 	if blob := ReadHeaderRLP(db, hash, number); len(blob) == 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("no header returned")
@@ -465,7 +469,7 @@ func TestAncientStorage(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestWriteAncientHeaderChain(t *testing.T) {
-	db, err := NewDatabaseWithFreezer(NewMemoryDatabase(), t.TempDir(), "", false)
+	db, err := Open(NewMemoryDatabase(), OpenOptions{Ancient: t.TempDir()})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create database with ancient backend")
 	}
@@ -582,7 +586,7 @@ func TestHashesInRange(t *testing.T) {
 func BenchmarkWriteAncientBlocks(b *testing.B) {
 	// Open freezer database.
 	frdir := b.TempDir()
-	db, err := NewDatabaseWithFreezer(NewMemoryDatabase(), frdir, "", false)
+	db, err := Open(NewMemoryDatabase(), OpenOptions{Ancient: frdir})
 	if err != nil {
 		b.Fatalf("failed to create database with ancient backend")
 	}
@@ -609,7 +613,7 @@ func BenchmarkWriteAncientBlocks(b *testing.B) {
 
 		blocks := allBlocks[i : i+length]
 		receipts := batchReceipts[:length]
-		writeSize, err := WriteAncientBlocks(db, blocks, receipts)
+		writeSize, err := WriteAncientBlocks(db, blocks, types.EncodeBlockReceiptLists(receipts))
 		if err != nil {
 			b.Fatal(err)
 		}
@@ -886,7 +890,7 @@ func TestHeadersRLPStorage(t *testing.T) {
 	// Have N headers in the freezer
 	frdir := t.TempDir()
 
-	db, err := NewDatabaseWithFreezer(NewMemoryDatabase(), frdir, "", false)
+	db, err := Open(NewMemoryDatabase(), OpenOptions{Ancient: frdir})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create database with ancient backend")
 	}
@@ -909,7 +913,7 @@ func TestHeadersRLPStorage(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	receipts := make([]types.Receipts, 100)
 	// Write first half to ancients
-	WriteAncientBlocks(db, chain[:50], receipts[:50])
+	WriteAncientBlocks(db, chain[:50], types.EncodeBlockReceiptLists(receipts[:50]))
 	// Write second half to db
 	for i := 50; i < 100; i++ {
 		WriteCanonicalHash(db, chain[i].Hash(), chain[i].NumberU64())

core/rawdb/accessors_indexes.go

@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ type FilterMapsRange struct {
 // database entry is not present, that is interpreted as a valid non-initialized
 // state and returns a blank range structure and no error.
 func ReadFilterMapsRange(db ethdb.KeyValueReader) (FilterMapsRange, bool, error) {
-	if has, err := db.Has(filterMapsRangeKey); !has || err != nil {
+	if has, err := db.Has(filterMapsRangeKey); err != nil || !has {
 		return FilterMapsRange{}, false, err
 	}
 	encRange, err := db.Get(filterMapsRangeKey)
@@ -457,7 +457,8 @@ func ReadFilterMapsRange(db ethdb.KeyValueReader) (FilterMapsRange, bool, error)
 	if err := rlp.DecodeBytes(encRange, &fmRange); err != nil {
 		return FilterMapsRange{}, false, err
 	}
-	return fmRange, true, err
+
+	return fmRange, true, nil
 }
 
 // WriteFilterMapsRange stores the filter maps range data.

core/rawdb/accessors_state.go

@@ -258,13 +258,21 @@ func ReadStateHistory(db ethdb.AncientReaderOp, id uint64) ([]byte, []byte, []by
 // WriteStateHistory writes the provided state history to database. Compute the
 // position of state history in freezer by minus one since the id of first state
 // history starts from one(zero for initial state).
-func WriteStateHistory(db ethdb.AncientWriter, id uint64, meta []byte, accountIndex []byte, storageIndex []byte, accounts []byte, storages []byte) {
+func WriteStateHistory(db ethdb.AncientWriter, id uint64, meta []byte, accountIndex []byte, storageIndex []byte, accounts []byte, storages []byte) error {
-	db.ModifyAncients(func(op ethdb.AncientWriteOp) error {
+	_, err := db.ModifyAncients(func(op ethdb.AncientWriteOp) error {
-		op.AppendRaw(stateHistoryMeta, id-1, meta)
+		if err := op.AppendRaw(stateHistoryMeta, id-1, meta); err != nil {
-		op.AppendRaw(stateHistoryAccountIndex, id-1, accountIndex)
+			return err
-		op.AppendRaw(stateHistoryStorageIndex, id-1, storageIndex)
+		}
-		op.AppendRaw(stateHistoryAccountData, id-1, accounts)
+		if err := op.AppendRaw(stateHistoryAccountIndex, id-1, accountIndex); err != nil {
-		op.AppendRaw(stateHistoryStorageData, id-1, storages)
+			return err
-		return nil
+		}
+		if err := op.AppendRaw(stateHistoryStorageIndex, id-1, storageIndex); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := op.AppendRaw(stateHistoryAccountData, id-1, accounts); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return op.AppendRaw(stateHistoryStorageData, id-1, storages)
 	})
+	return err
 }

core/rawdb/accessors_trie.go

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ package rawdb
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
@@ -45,25 +44,6 @@ const HashScheme = "hash"
 // on extra state diffs to survive deep reorg.
 const PathScheme = "path"
 
-// hasher is used to compute the sha256 hash of the provided data.
-type hasher struct{ sha crypto.KeccakState }
-
-var hasherPool = sync.Pool{
-	New: func() interface{} { return &hasher{sha: crypto.NewKeccakState()} },
-}
-
-func newHasher() *hasher {
-	return hasherPool.Get().(*hasher)
-}
-
-func (h *hasher) hash(data []byte) common.Hash {
-	return crypto.HashData(h.sha, data)
-}
-
-func (h *hasher) release() {
-	hasherPool.Put(h)
-}
-
 // ReadAccountTrieNode retrieves the account trie node with the specified node path.
 func ReadAccountTrieNode(db ethdb.KeyValueReader, path []byte) []byte {
 	data, _ := db.Get(accountTrieNodeKey(path))
@@ -170,9 +150,7 @@ func HasTrieNode(db ethdb.KeyValueReader, owner common.Hash, path []byte, hash c
 		if len(blob) == 0 {
 			return false
 		}
-		h := newHasher()
+		return crypto.Keccak256Hash(blob) == hash // exists but not match
-		defer h.release()
-		return h.hash(blob) == hash // exists but not match
 	default:
 		panic(fmt.Sprintf("Unknown scheme %v", scheme))
 	}
@@ -194,9 +172,7 @@ func ReadTrieNode(db ethdb.KeyValueReader, owner common.Hash, path []byte, hash
 		if len(blob) == 0 {
 			return nil
 		}
-		h := newHasher()
+		if crypto.Keccak256Hash(blob) != hash {
-		defer h.release()
-		if h.hash(blob) != hash {
 			return nil // exists but not match
 		}
 		return blob

core/rawdb/ancienttest/testsuite.go

@@ -77,13 +77,6 @@ func basicRead(t *testing.T, newFn func(kinds []string) ethdb.AncientStore) {
 	}
 	for _, c := range cases {
 		for i := c.start; i < c.limit; i++ {
-			exist, err := db.HasAncient("a", uint64(i))
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Failed to check presence, %v", err)
-			}
-			if exist {
-				t.Fatalf("Item %d is already truncated", uint64(i))
-			}
 			_, err = db.Ancient("a", uint64(i))
 			if err == nil {
 				t.Fatal("Error is expected for non-existent item")
@@ -93,13 +86,6 @@ func basicRead(t *testing.T, newFn func(kinds []string) ethdb.AncientStore) {
 
 	// Test the items in range should be reachable
 	for i := 10; i < 90; i++ {
-		exist, err := db.HasAncient("a", uint64(i))
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Failed to check presence, %v", err)
-		}
-		if !exist {
-			t.Fatalf("Item %d is missing", uint64(i))
-		}
 		blob, err := db.Ancient("a", uint64(i))
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("Failed to retrieve item, %v", err)
@@ -110,13 +96,6 @@ func basicRead(t *testing.T, newFn func(kinds []string) ethdb.AncientStore) {
 	}
 
 	// Test the items in unknown table shouldn't be reachable
-	exist, err := db.HasAncient("b", uint64(0))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Failed to check presence, %v", err)
-	}
-	if exist {
-		t.Fatal("Item in unknown table shouldn't be found")
-	}
 	_, err = db.Ancient("b", uint64(0))
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("Error is expected for unknown table")

core/rawdb/chain_freezer.go

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb/eradb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
@@ -43,7 +44,10 @@ const (
 // feature. The background thread will keep moving ancient chain segments from
 // key-value database to flat files for saving space on live database.
 type chainFreezer struct {
-	ethdb.AncientStore // Ancient store for storing cold chain segment
+	ancients ethdb.AncientStore // Ancient store for storing cold chain segment
+
+	// Optional Era database used as a backup for the pruned chain.
+	eradb *eradb.Store
 
 	quit    chan struct{}
 	wg      sync.WaitGroup
@@ -56,23 +60,27 @@ type chainFreezer struct {
 //     state freezer (e.g. dev mode).
 //   - if non-empty directory is given, initializes the regular file-based
 //     state freezer.
-func newChainFreezer(datadir string, namespace string, readonly bool) (*chainFreezer, error) {
+func newChainFreezer(datadir string, eraDir string, namespace string, readonly bool) (*chainFreezer, error) {
-	var (
-		err     error
-		freezer ethdb.AncientStore
-	)
 	if datadir == "" {
-		freezer = NewMemoryFreezer(readonly, chainFreezerTableConfigs)
+		return &chainFreezer{
-	} else {
+			ancients: NewMemoryFreezer(readonly, chainFreezerTableConfigs),
-		freezer, err = NewFreezer(datadir, namespace, readonly, freezerTableSize, chainFreezerTableConfigs)
+			quit:     make(chan struct{}),
+			trigger:  make(chan chan struct{}),
+		}, nil
 	}
+	freezer, err := NewFreezer(datadir, namespace, readonly, freezerTableSize, chainFreezerTableConfigs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	edb, err := eradb.New(resolveChainEraDir(datadir, eraDir))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	return &chainFreezer{
-		AncientStore: freezer,
+		ancients: freezer,
-		quit:         make(chan struct{}),
+		eradb:    edb,
-		trigger:      make(chan chan struct{}),
+		quit:     make(chan struct{}),
+		trigger:  make(chan chan struct{}),
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -84,7 +92,11 @@ func (f *chainFreezer) Close() error {
 		close(f.quit)
 	}
 	f.wg.Wait()
-	return f.AncientStore.Close()
+
+	if f.eradb != nil {
+		f.eradb.Close()
+	}
+	return f.ancients.Close()
 }
 
 // readHeadNumber returns the number of chain head block. 0 is returned if the
@@ -334,3 +346,75 @@ func (f *chainFreezer) freezeRange(nfdb *nofreezedb, number, limit uint64) (hash
 	})
 	return hashes, err
 }
+
+// Ancient retrieves an ancient binary blob from the append-only immutable files.
+func (f *chainFreezer) Ancient(kind string, number uint64) ([]byte, error) {
+	// Lookup the entry in the underlying ancient store, assuming that
+	// headers and hashes are always available.
+	if kind == ChainFreezerHeaderTable || kind == ChainFreezerHashTable {
+		return f.ancients.Ancient(kind, number)
+	}
+	tail, err := f.ancients.Tail()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	// Lookup the entry in the underlying ancient store if it's not pruned
+	if number >= tail {
+		return f.ancients.Ancient(kind, number)
+	}
+	// Lookup the entry in the optional era backend
+	if f.eradb == nil {
+		return nil, errOutOfBounds
+	}
+	switch kind {
+	case ChainFreezerBodiesTable:
+		return f.eradb.GetRawBody(number)
+	case ChainFreezerReceiptTable:
+		return f.eradb.GetRawReceipts(number)
+	}
+	return nil, errUnknownTable
+}
+
+// ReadAncients executes an operation while preventing mutations to the freezer,
+// i.e. if fn performs multiple reads, they will be consistent with each other.
+func (f *chainFreezer) ReadAncients(fn func(ethdb.AncientReaderOp) error) (err error) {
+	if store, ok := f.ancients.(*Freezer); ok {
+		store.writeLock.Lock()
+		defer store.writeLock.Unlock()
+	}
+	return fn(f)
+}
+
+// Methods below are just pass-through to the underlying ancient store.
+
+func (f *chainFreezer) Ancients() (uint64, error) {
+	return f.ancients.Ancients()
+}
+
+func (f *chainFreezer) Tail() (uint64, error) {
+	return f.ancients.Tail()
+}
+
+func (f *chainFreezer) AncientSize(kind string) (uint64, error) {
+	return f.ancients.AncientSize(kind)
+}
+
+func (f *chainFreezer) AncientRange(kind string, start, count, maxBytes uint64) ([][]byte, error) {
+	return f.ancients.AncientRange(kind, start, count, maxBytes)
+}
+
+func (f *chainFreezer) ModifyAncients(fn func(ethdb.AncientWriteOp) error) (int64, error) {
+	return f.ancients.ModifyAncients(fn)
+}
+
+func (f *chainFreezer) TruncateHead(items uint64) (uint64, error) {
+	return f.ancients.TruncateHead(items)
+}
+
+func (f *chainFreezer) TruncateTail(items uint64) (uint64, error) {
+	return f.ancients.TruncateTail(items)
+}
+
+func (f *chainFreezer) SyncAncient() error {
+	return f.ancients.SyncAncient()
+}

core/rawdb/database.go

@@ -86,11 +86,6 @@ type nofreezedb struct {
 	ethdb.KeyValueStore
 }
 
-// HasAncient returns an error as we don't have a backing chain freezer.
-func (db *nofreezedb) HasAncient(kind string, number uint64) (bool, error) {
-	return false, errNotSupported
-}
-
 // Ancient returns an error as we don't have a backing chain freezer.
 func (db *nofreezedb) Ancient(kind string, number uint64) ([]byte, error) {
 	return nil, errNotSupported
@@ -186,19 +181,49 @@ func resolveChainFreezerDir(ancient string) string {
 	return freezer
 }
 
-// NewDatabaseWithFreezer creates a high level database on top of a given key-
+// resolveChainEraDir is a helper function which resolves the absolute path of era database.
-// value data store with a freezer moving immutable chain segments into cold
+func resolveChainEraDir(chainFreezerDir string, era string) string {
-// storage. The passed ancient indicates the path of root ancient directory
+	switch {
-// where the chain freezer can be opened.
+	case era == "":
+		return filepath.Join(chainFreezerDir, "era")
+	case !filepath.IsAbs(era):
+		return filepath.Join(chainFreezerDir, era)
+	default:
+		return era
+	}
+}
+
+// NewDatabaseWithFreezer creates a high level database on top of a given key-value store.
+// The passed ancient indicates the path of root ancient directory where the chain freezer
+// can be opened.
+//
+// Deprecated: use Open.
 func NewDatabaseWithFreezer(db ethdb.KeyValueStore, ancient string, namespace string, readonly bool) (ethdb.Database, error) {
+	return Open(db, OpenOptions{
+		Ancient:          ancient,
+		MetricsNamespace: namespace,
+		ReadOnly:         readonly,
+	})
+}
+
+// OpenOptions specifies options for opening the database.
+type OpenOptions struct {
+	Ancient          string // ancients directory
+	Era              string // era files directory
+	MetricsNamespace string // prefix added to freezer metric names
+	ReadOnly         bool
+}
+
+// Open creates a high-level database wrapper for the given key-value store.
+func Open(db ethdb.KeyValueStore, opts OpenOptions) (ethdb.Database, error) {
 	// Create the idle freezer instance. If the given ancient directory is empty,
 	// in-memory chain freezer is used (e.g. dev mode); otherwise the regular
 	// file-based freezer is created.
-	chainFreezerDir := ancient
+	chainFreezerDir := opts.Ancient
 	if chainFreezerDir != "" {
 		chainFreezerDir = resolveChainFreezerDir(chainFreezerDir)
 	}
-	frdb, err := newChainFreezer(chainFreezerDir, namespace, readonly)
+	frdb, err := newChainFreezer(chainFreezerDir, opts.Era, opts.MetricsNamespace, opts.ReadOnly)
 	if err != nil {
 		printChainMetadata(db)
 		return nil, err
@@ -282,7 +307,7 @@ func NewDatabaseWithFreezer(db ethdb.KeyValueStore, ancient string, namespace st
 		}
 	}
 	// Freezer is consistent with the key-value database, permit combining the two
-	if !readonly {
+	if !opts.ReadOnly {
 		frdb.wg.Add(1)
 		go func() {
 			frdb.freeze(db)
@@ -290,7 +315,7 @@ func NewDatabaseWithFreezer(db ethdb.KeyValueStore, ancient string, namespace st
 		}()
 	}
 	return &freezerdb{
-		ancientRoot:   ancient,
+		ancientRoot:   opts.Ancient,
 		KeyValueStore: db,
 		chainFreezer:  frdb,
 	}, nil

core/rawdb/eradb/eradb.go

@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+// Copyright 2025 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// Package eradb implements a history backend using era1 files.
+package eradb
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/fs"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/lru"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/era"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
+)
+
+const openFileLimit = 64
+
+var errClosed = errors.New("era store is closed")
+
+// Store manages read access to a directory of era1 files.
+// The getter methods are thread-safe.
+type Store struct {
+	datadir string
+
+	// The mutex protects all remaining fields.
+	mu      sync.Mutex
+	cond    *sync.Cond
+	lru     lru.BasicLRU[uint64, *fileCacheEntry]
+	opening map[uint64]*fileCacheEntry
+	closing bool
+}
+
+type fileCacheEntry struct {
+	refcount int           // reference count. This is protected by Store.mu!
+	opened   chan struct{} // signals opening of file has completed
+	file     *era.Era      // the file
+	err      error         // error from opening the file
+}
+
+type fileCacheStatus byte
+
+const (
+	storeClosing fileCacheStatus = iota
+	fileIsNew
+	fileIsOpening
+	fileIsCached
+)
+
+// New opens the store directory.
+func New(datadir string) (*Store, error) {
+	db := &Store{
+		datadir: datadir,
+		lru:     lru.NewBasicLRU[uint64, *fileCacheEntry](openFileLimit),
+		opening: make(map[uint64]*fileCacheEntry),
+	}
+	db.cond = sync.NewCond(&db.mu)
+	log.Info("Opened Era store", "datadir", datadir)
+	return db, nil
+}
+
+// Close closes all open era1 files in the cache.
+func (db *Store) Close() {
+	db.mu.Lock()
+	defer db.mu.Unlock()
+
+	// Prevent new cache additions.
+	db.closing = true
+
+	// Deref all active files. Since inactive files have a refcount of one, they will be
+	// closed right here and now after decrementing. Files which are currently being used
+	// have a refcount > 1 and will hit zero when their access finishes.
+	for _, epoch := range db.lru.Keys() {
+		entry, _ := db.lru.Peek(epoch)
+		if entry.derefAndClose(epoch) {
+			db.lru.Remove(epoch)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Wait for all store access to finish.
+	for db.lru.Len() > 0 || len(db.opening) > 0 {
+		db.cond.Wait()
+	}
+}
+
+// GetRawBody returns the raw body for a given block number.
+func (db *Store) GetRawBody(number uint64) ([]byte, error) {
+	epoch := number / uint64(era.MaxEra1Size)
+	entry := db.getEraByEpoch(epoch)
+	if entry.err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(entry.err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
+			return nil, nil
+		}
+		return nil, entry.err
+	}
+	defer db.doneWithFile(epoch, entry)
+
+	return entry.file.GetRawBodyByNumber(number)
+}
+
+// GetRawReceipts returns the raw receipts for a given block number.
+func (db *Store) GetRawReceipts(number uint64) ([]byte, error) {
+	epoch := number / uint64(era.MaxEra1Size)
+	entry := db.getEraByEpoch(epoch)
+	if entry.err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(entry.err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
+			return nil, nil
+		}
+		return nil, entry.err
+	}
+	defer db.doneWithFile(epoch, entry)
+
+	data, err := entry.file.GetRawReceiptsByNumber(number)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return convertReceipts(data)
+}
+
+// convertReceipts transforms an encoded block receipts list from the format
+// used by era1 into the 'storage' format used by the go-ethereum ancients database.
+func convertReceipts(input []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	var (
+		out bytes.Buffer
+		enc = rlp.NewEncoderBuffer(&out)
+	)
+	blockListIter, err := rlp.NewListIterator(input)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid block receipts list: %v", err)
+	}
+	outerList := enc.List()
+	for i := 0; blockListIter.Next(); i++ {
+		kind, content, _, err := rlp.Split(blockListIter.Value())
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("receipt %d invalid: %v", i, err)
+		}
+		var receiptData []byte
+		switch kind {
+		case rlp.Byte:
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("receipt %d is single byte", i)
+		case rlp.String:
+			// Typed receipt - skip type.
+			receiptData = content[1:]
+		case rlp.List:
+			// Legacy receipt
+			receiptData = blockListIter.Value()
+		}
+		// Convert data list.
+		// Input is  [status, gas-used, bloom, logs]
+		// Output is [status, gas-used, logs], i.e. we need to skip the bloom.
+		dataIter, err := rlp.NewListIterator(receiptData)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("receipt %d has invalid data: %v", i, err)
+		}
+		innerList := enc.List()
+		for field := 0; dataIter.Next(); field++ {
+			if field == 2 {
+				continue // skip bloom
+			}
+			enc.Write(dataIter.Value())
+		}
+		enc.ListEnd(innerList)
+		if dataIter.Err() != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("receipt %d iterator error: %v", i, dataIter.Err())
+		}
+	}
+	enc.ListEnd(outerList)
+	if blockListIter.Err() != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("block receipt list iterator error: %v", blockListIter.Err())
+	}
+	enc.Flush()
+	return out.Bytes(), nil
+}
+
+// getEraByEpoch opens an era file or gets it from the cache.
+// The caller can freely access the returned entry's .file and .err
+// db.doneWithFile must be called when it is done reading the file.
+func (db *Store) getEraByEpoch(epoch uint64) *fileCacheEntry {
+	stat, entry := db.getCacheEntry(epoch)
+
+	switch stat {
+	case storeClosing:
+		return &fileCacheEntry{err: errClosed}
+
+	case fileIsNew:
+		// Open the file and put it into the cache.
+		e, err := db.openEraFile(epoch)
+		if err != nil {
+			db.fileFailedToOpen(epoch, entry, err)
+		} else {
+			db.fileOpened(epoch, entry, e)
+		}
+		close(entry.opened)
+
+	case fileIsOpening:
+		// Wait for open to finish.
+		<-entry.opened
+
+	case fileIsCached:
+		// Nothing to do.
+
+	default:
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("invalid file state %d", stat))
+	}
+	return entry
+}
+
+// getCacheEntry gets an open era file from the cache.
+func (db *Store) getCacheEntry(epoch uint64) (stat fileCacheStatus, entry *fileCacheEntry) {
+	db.mu.Lock()
+	defer db.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if db.closing {
+		return storeClosing, nil
+	}
+	if entry = db.opening[epoch]; entry != nil {
+		stat = fileIsOpening
+	} else if entry, _ = db.lru.Get(epoch); entry != nil {
+		stat = fileIsCached
+	} else {
+		// It's a new file, create an entry in the opening table. Note the entry is
+		// created with an initial refcount of one. We increment the count once more
+		// before returning, but the count will return to one when the file has been
+		// accessed. When the store is closed or the file gets evicted from the cache,
+		// refcount will be decreased by one, thus allowing it to hit zero.
+		entry = &fileCacheEntry{refcount: 1, opened: make(chan struct{})}
+		db.opening[epoch] = entry
+		stat = fileIsNew
+	}
+	entry.refcount++
+	return stat, entry
+}
+
+// fileOpened is called after an era file has been successfully opened.
+func (db *Store) fileOpened(epoch uint64, entry *fileCacheEntry, file *era.Era) {
+	db.mu.Lock()
+	defer db.mu.Unlock()
+
+	delete(db.opening, epoch)
+	db.cond.Signal() // db.opening was modified
+
+	// The database may have been closed while opening the file. When that happens, we
+	// need to close the file here, since it isn't tracked by the LRU yet.
+	if db.closing {
+		entry.err = errClosed
+		file.Close()
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Add it to the LRU. This may evict an existing item, which we have to close.
+	entry.file = file
+	evictedEpoch, evictedEntry, _ := db.lru.Add3(epoch, entry)
+	if evictedEntry != nil {
+		evictedEntry.derefAndClose(evictedEpoch)
+	}
+}
+
+// fileFailedToOpen is called when an era file could not be opened.
+func (db *Store) fileFailedToOpen(epoch uint64, entry *fileCacheEntry, err error) {
+	db.mu.Lock()
+	defer db.mu.Unlock()
+
+	delete(db.opening, epoch)
+	db.cond.Signal() // db.opening was modified
+	entry.err = err
+}
+
+func (db *Store) openEraFile(epoch uint64) (*era.Era, error) {
+	// File name scheme is <network>-<epoch>-<root>.
+	glob := fmt.Sprintf("*-%05d-*.era1", epoch)
+	matches, err := filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(db.datadir, glob))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(matches) > 1 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("multiple era1 files found for epoch %d", epoch)
+	}
+	if len(matches) == 0 {
+		return nil, fs.ErrNotExist
+	}
+	filename := matches[0]
+
+	e, err := era.Open(filename)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	// Sanity-check start block.
+	if e.Start()%uint64(era.MaxEra1Size) != 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("pre-merge era1 file has invalid boundary. %d %% %d != 0", e.Start(), era.MaxEra1Size)
+	}
+	log.Debug("Opened era1 file", "epoch", epoch)
+	return e, nil
+}
+
+// doneWithFile signals that the caller has finished using a file.
+// This decrements the refcount and ensures the file is closed by the last user.
+func (db *Store) doneWithFile(epoch uint64, entry *fileCacheEntry) {
+	db.mu.Lock()
+	defer db.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if entry.err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if entry.derefAndClose(epoch) {
+		// Delete closed entry from LRU if it is still present.
+		if e, _ := db.lru.Peek(epoch); e == entry {
+			db.lru.Remove(epoch)
+			db.cond.Signal() // db.lru was modified
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// derefAndClose decrements the reference counter and closes the file
+// when it hits zero.
+func (entry *fileCacheEntry) derefAndClose(epoch uint64) (closed bool) {
+	entry.refcount--
+	if entry.refcount > 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	closeErr := entry.file.Close()
+	if closeErr == nil {
+		log.Debug("Closed era1 file", "epoch", epoch)
+	} else {
+		log.Warn("Error closing era1 file", "epoch", epoch, "err", closeErr)
+	}
+	return true
+}

core/rawdb/eradb/eradb_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+// Copyright 2025 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package eradb
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestEraDatabase(t *testing.T) {
+	db, err := New("testdata")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	r, err := db.GetRawBody(175881)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	var body *types.Body
+	err = rlp.DecodeBytes(r, &body)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, body, "block body not found")
+	assert.Equal(t, 3, len(body.Transactions))
+
+	r, err = db.GetRawReceipts(175881)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	var receipts []*types.ReceiptForStorage
+	err = rlp.DecodeBytes(r, &receipts)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, receipts, "receipts not found")
+	assert.Equal(t, 3, len(receipts), "receipts length mismatch")
+}
+
+func TestEraDatabaseConcurrentOpen(t *testing.T) {
+	db, err := New("testdata")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	const N = 25
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(N)
+	for range N {
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			r, err := db.GetRawBody(1024)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Error("err:", err)
+			}
+			if len(r) == 0 {
+				t.Error("empty body")
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+}
+
+func TestEraDatabaseConcurrentOpenClose(t *testing.T) {
+	db, err := New("testdata")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	const N = 10
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(N)
+	for range N {
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			r, err := db.GetRawBody(1024)
+			if err == errClosed {
+				return
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Error("err:", err)
+			}
+			if len(r) == 0 {
+				t.Error("empty body")
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+	wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		db.Close()
+	}()
+	wg.Wait()
+}

core/rawdb/freezer.go

@@ -172,10 +172,7 @@ func (f *Freezer) Close() error {
 			errs = append(errs, err)
 		}
 	})
-	if errs != nil {
+	return errors.Join(errs...)
-		return fmt.Errorf("%v", errs)
-	}
-	return nil
 }
 
 // AncientDatadir returns the path of the ancient store.
@@ -183,15 +180,6 @@ func (f *Freezer) AncientDatadir() (string, error) {
 	return f.datadir, nil
 }
 
-// HasAncient returns an indicator whether the specified ancient data exists
-// in the freezer.
-func (f *Freezer) HasAncient(kind string, number uint64) (bool, error) {
-	if table := f.tables[kind]; table != nil {
-		return table.has(number), nil
-	}
-	return false, nil
-}
-
 // Ancient retrieves an ancient binary blob from the append-only immutable files.
 func (f *Freezer) Ancient(kind string, number uint64) ([]byte, error) {
 	if table := f.tables[kind]; table != nil {

core/rawdb/freezer_memory.go

@@ -45,14 +45,6 @@ func newMemoryTable(name string, config freezerTableConfig) *memoryTable {
 	return &memoryTable{name: name, config: config}
 }
 
-// has returns an indicator whether the specified data exists.
-func (t *memoryTable) has(number uint64) bool {
-	t.lock.RLock()
-	defer t.lock.RUnlock()
-
-	return number >= t.offset && number < t.items
-}
-
 // retrieve retrieves multiple items in sequence, starting from the index 'start'.
 // It will return:
 //   - at most 'count' items,
@@ -232,17 +224,6 @@ func NewMemoryFreezer(readonly bool, tableName map[string]freezerTableConfig) *M
 	}
 }
 
-// HasAncient returns an indicator whether the specified data exists.
-func (f *MemoryFreezer) HasAncient(kind string, number uint64) (bool, error) {
-	f.lock.RLock()
-	defer f.lock.RUnlock()
-
-	if table := f.tables[kind]; table != nil {
-		return table.has(number), nil
-	}
-	return false, nil
-}
-
 // Ancient retrieves an ancient binary blob from the in-memory freezer.
 func (f *MemoryFreezer) Ancient(kind string, number uint64) ([]byte, error) {
 	f.lock.RLock()

core/rawdb/freezer_resettable.go

@@ -105,15 +105,6 @@ func (f *resettableFreezer) Close() error {
 	return f.freezer.Close()
 }
 
-// HasAncient returns an indicator whether the specified ancient data exists
-// in the freezer
-func (f *resettableFreezer) HasAncient(kind string, number uint64) (bool, error) {
-	f.lock.RLock()
-	defer f.lock.RUnlock()
-
-	return f.freezer.HasAncient(kind, number)
-}
-
 // Ancient retrieves an ancient binary blob from the append-only immutable files.
 func (f *resettableFreezer) Ancient(kind string, number uint64) ([]byte, error) {
 	f.lock.RLock()

core/rawdb/freezer_table.go

@@ -1106,12 +1106,6 @@ func (t *freezerTable) retrieveItems(start, count, maxBytes uint64) ([]byte, []i
 	return output, sizes, nil
 }
 
-// has returns an indicator whether the specified number data is still accessible
-// in the freezer table.
-func (t *freezerTable) has(number uint64) bool {
-	return t.items.Load() > number && t.itemHidden.Load() <= number
-}
-
 // size returns the total data size in the freezer table.
 func (t *freezerTable) size() (uint64, error) {
 	t.lock.RLock()

core/rawdb/freezer_test.go

@@ -357,9 +357,6 @@ func checkAncientCount(t *testing.T, f *Freezer, kind string, n uint64) {
 	// Check at index n-1.
 	if n > 0 {
 		index := n - 1
-		if ok, _ := f.HasAncient(kind, index); !ok {
-			t.Errorf("HasAncient(%q, %d) returned false unexpectedly", kind, index)
-		}
 		if _, err := f.Ancient(kind, index); err != nil {
 			t.Errorf("Ancient(%q, %d) returned unexpected error %q", kind, index, err)
 		}
@@ -367,9 +364,6 @@ func checkAncientCount(t *testing.T, f *Freezer, kind string, n uint64) {
 
 	// Check at index n.
 	index := n
-	if ok, _ := f.HasAncient(kind, index); ok {
-		t.Errorf("HasAncient(%q, %d) returned true unexpectedly", kind, index)
-	}
 	if _, err := f.Ancient(kind, index); err == nil {
 		t.Errorf("Ancient(%q, %d) didn't return expected error", kind, index)
 	} else if err != errOutOfBounds {

core/rawdb/table.go

@@ -50,12 +50,6 @@ func (t *table) Get(key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 	return t.db.Get(append([]byte(t.prefix), key...))
 }
 
-// HasAncient is a noop passthrough that just forwards the request to the underlying
-// database.
-func (t *table) HasAncient(kind string, number uint64) (bool, error) {
-	return t.db.HasAncient(kind, number)
-}
-
 // Ancient is a noop passthrough that just forwards the request to the underlying
 // database.
 func (t *table) Ancient(kind string, number uint64) ([]byte, error) {

core/state/access_events.go

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ package state
 
 import (
 	"maps"
+	gomath "math"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/math"
@@ -92,97 +93,94 @@ func (ae *AccessEvents) Copy() *AccessEvents {
 
 // AddAccount returns the gas to be charged for each of the currently cold
 // member fields of an account.
-func (ae *AccessEvents) AddAccount(addr common.Address, isWrite bool) uint64 {
+func (ae *AccessEvents) AddAccount(addr common.Address, isWrite bool, availableGas uint64) uint64 {
-	var gas uint64
+	var gas uint64 // accumulate the consumed gas
-	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BasicDataLeafKey, isWrite)
+	consumed, expected := ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BasicDataLeafKey, isWrite, availableGas)
-	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeHashLeafKey, isWrite)
+	if consumed < expected {
+		return expected
+	}
+	gas += consumed
+	consumed, expected = ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeHashLeafKey, isWrite, availableGas-consumed)
+	if consumed < expected {
+		return expected + gas
+	}
+	gas += expected
 	return gas
 }
 
 // MessageCallGas returns the gas to be charged for each of the currently
 // cold member fields of an account, that need to be touched when making a message
 // call to that account.
-func (ae *AccessEvents) MessageCallGas(destination common.Address) uint64 {
+func (ae *AccessEvents) MessageCallGas(destination common.Address, availableGas uint64) uint64 {
-	var gas uint64
+	_, expected := ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(destination, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BasicDataLeafKey, false, availableGas)
-	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(destination, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BasicDataLeafKey, false)
+	if expected == 0 {
-	return gas
+		expected = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
+	}
+	return expected
 }
 
 // ValueTransferGas returns the gas to be charged for each of the currently
 // cold balance member fields of the caller and the callee accounts.
-func (ae *AccessEvents) ValueTransferGas(callerAddr, targetAddr common.Address) uint64 {
+func (ae *AccessEvents) ValueTransferGas(callerAddr, targetAddr common.Address, availableGas uint64) uint64 {
-	var gas uint64
+	_, expected1 := ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(callerAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BasicDataLeafKey, true, availableGas)
-	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(callerAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BasicDataLeafKey, true)
+	if expected1 > availableGas {
-	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(targetAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BasicDataLeafKey, true)
+		return expected1
-	return gas
+	}
+	_, expected2 := ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(targetAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BasicDataLeafKey, true, availableGas-expected1)
+	if expected1+expected2 == 0 {
+		return params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
+	}
+	return expected1 + expected2
 }
 
 // ContractCreatePreCheckGas charges access costs before
 // a contract creation is initiated. It is just reads, because the
 // address collision is done before the transfer, and so no write
 // are guaranteed to happen at this point.
-func (ae *AccessEvents) ContractCreatePreCheckGas(addr common.Address) uint64 {
+func (ae *AccessEvents) ContractCreatePreCheckGas(addr common.Address, availableGas uint64) uint64 {
-	var gas uint64
+	consumed, expected1 := ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BasicDataLeafKey, false, availableGas)
-	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BasicDataLeafKey, false)
+	_, expected2 := ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeHashLeafKey, false, availableGas-consumed)
-	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeHashLeafKey, false)
+	return expected1 + expected2
-	return gas
 }
 
 // ContractCreateInitGas returns the access gas costs for the initialization of
 // a contract creation.
-func (ae *AccessEvents) ContractCreateInitGas(addr common.Address) uint64 {
+func (ae *AccessEvents) ContractCreateInitGas(addr common.Address, availableGas uint64) (uint64, uint64) {
 	var gas uint64
-	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BasicDataLeafKey, true)
+	consumed, expected1 := ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BasicDataLeafKey, true, availableGas)
-	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeHashLeafKey, true)
+	gas += consumed
-	return gas
+	consumed, expected2 := ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeHashLeafKey, true, availableGas-consumed)
+	gas += consumed
+	return gas, expected1 + expected2
 }
 
 // AddTxOrigin adds the member fields of the sender account to the access event list,
 // so that cold accesses are not charged, since they are covered by the 21000 gas.
 func (ae *AccessEvents) AddTxOrigin(originAddr common.Address) {
-	ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(originAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BasicDataLeafKey, true)
+	ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(originAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BasicDataLeafKey, true, gomath.MaxUint64)
-	ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(originAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeHashLeafKey, false)
+	ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(originAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeHashLeafKey, false, gomath.MaxUint64)
 }
 
 // AddTxDestination adds the member fields of the sender account to the access event list,
 // so that cold accesses are not charged, since they are covered by the 21000 gas.
-func (ae *AccessEvents) AddTxDestination(addr common.Address, sendsValue bool) {
+func (ae *AccessEvents) AddTxDestination(addr common.Address, sendsValue, doesntExist bool) {
-	ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BasicDataLeafKey, sendsValue)
+	ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BasicDataLeafKey, sendsValue, gomath.MaxUint64)
-	ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeHashLeafKey, false)
+	ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeHashLeafKey, doesntExist, gomath.MaxUint64)
 }
 
 // SlotGas returns the amount of gas to be charged for a cold storage access.
-func (ae *AccessEvents) SlotGas(addr common.Address, slot common.Hash, isWrite bool) uint64 {
+func (ae *AccessEvents) SlotGas(addr common.Address, slot common.Hash, isWrite bool, availableGas uint64, chargeWarmCosts bool) uint64 {
 	treeIndex, subIndex := utils.StorageIndex(slot.Bytes())
-	return ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, *treeIndex, subIndex, isWrite)
+	_, expected := ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, *treeIndex, subIndex, isWrite, availableGas)
+	if expected == 0 && chargeWarmCosts {
+		expected = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
+	}
+	return expected
 }
 
-// touchAddressAndChargeGas adds any missing access event to the access event list, and returns the cold
+// touchAddressAndChargeGas adds any missing access event to the access event list, and returns the
-// access cost to be charged, if need be.
+// consumed and required gas.
-func (ae *AccessEvents) touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr common.Address, treeIndex uint256.Int, subIndex byte, isWrite bool) uint64 {
+func (ae *AccessEvents) touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr common.Address, treeIndex uint256.Int, subIndex byte, isWrite bool, availableGas uint64) (uint64, uint64) {
-	stemRead, selectorRead, stemWrite, selectorWrite, selectorFill := ae.touchAddress(addr, treeIndex, subIndex, isWrite)
-
-	var gas uint64
-	if stemRead {
-		gas += params.WitnessBranchReadCost
-	}
-	if selectorRead {
-		gas += params.WitnessChunkReadCost
-	}
-	if stemWrite {
-		gas += params.WitnessBranchWriteCost
-	}
-	if selectorWrite {
-		gas += params.WitnessChunkWriteCost
-	}
-	if selectorFill {
-		gas += params.WitnessChunkFillCost
-	}
-	return gas
-}
-
-// touchAddress adds any missing access event to the access event list.
-func (ae *AccessEvents) touchAddress(addr common.Address, treeIndex uint256.Int, subIndex byte, isWrite bool) (bool, bool, bool, bool, bool) {
 	branchKey := newBranchAccessKey(addr, treeIndex)
 	chunkKey := newChunkAccessKey(branchKey, subIndex)
 
@@ -190,11 +188,9 @@ func (ae *AccessEvents) touchAddress(addr common.Address, treeIndex uint256.Int,
 	var branchRead, chunkRead bool
 	if _, hasStem := ae.branches[branchKey]; !hasStem {
 		branchRead = true
-		ae.branches[branchKey] = AccessWitnessReadFlag
 	}
 	if _, hasSelector := ae.chunks[chunkKey]; !hasSelector {
 		chunkRead = true
-		ae.chunks[chunkKey] = AccessWitnessReadFlag
 	}
 
 	// Write access.
@@ -202,17 +198,51 @@ func (ae *AccessEvents) touchAddress(addr common.Address, treeIndex uint256.Int,
 	if isWrite {
 		if (ae.branches[branchKey] & AccessWitnessWriteFlag) == 0 {
 			branchWrite = true
-			ae.branches[branchKey] |= AccessWitnessWriteFlag
 		}
 
 		chunkValue := ae.chunks[chunkKey]
 		if (chunkValue & AccessWitnessWriteFlag) == 0 {
 			chunkWrite = true
-			ae.chunks[chunkKey] |= AccessWitnessWriteFlag
 		}
-		// TODO: charge chunk filling costs if the leaf was previously empty in the state
 	}
-	return branchRead, chunkRead, branchWrite, chunkWrite, chunkFill
+
+	var gas uint64
+	if branchRead {
+		gas += params.WitnessBranchReadCost
+	}
+	if chunkRead {
+		gas += params.WitnessChunkReadCost
+	}
+	if branchWrite {
+		gas += params.WitnessBranchWriteCost
+	}
+	if chunkWrite {
+		gas += params.WitnessChunkWriteCost
+	}
+	if chunkFill {
+		gas += params.WitnessChunkFillCost
+	}
+
+	if availableGas < gas {
+		// consumed != expected
+		return availableGas, gas
+	}
+
+	if branchRead {
+		ae.branches[branchKey] = AccessWitnessReadFlag
+	}
+	if branchWrite {
+		ae.branches[branchKey] |= AccessWitnessWriteFlag
+	}
+	if chunkRead {
+		ae.chunks[chunkKey] = AccessWitnessReadFlag
+	}
+	if chunkWrite {
+		ae.chunks[chunkKey] |= AccessWitnessWriteFlag
+	}
+
+	// consumed == expected
+	return gas, gas
 }
 
 type branchAccessKey struct {
@@ -240,7 +270,7 @@ func newChunkAccessKey(branchKey branchAccessKey, leafKey byte) chunkAccessKey {
 }
 
 // CodeChunksRangeGas is a helper function to touch every chunk in a code range and charge witness gas costs
-func (ae *AccessEvents) CodeChunksRangeGas(contractAddr common.Address, startPC, size uint64, codeLen uint64, isWrite bool) uint64 {
+func (ae *AccessEvents) CodeChunksRangeGas(contractAddr common.Address, startPC, size uint64, codeLen uint64, isWrite bool, availableGas uint64) (uint64, uint64) {
 	// note that in the case where the copied code is outside the range of the
 	// contract code but touches the last leaf with contract code in it,
 	// we don't include the last leaf of code in the AccessWitness.  The
@@ -248,7 +278,7 @@ func (ae *AccessEvents) CodeChunksRangeGas(contractAddr common.Address, startPC,
 	// is already in the AccessWitness so a stateless verifier can see that
 	// the code from the last leaf is not needed.
 	if (codeLen == 0 && size == 0) || startPC > codeLen {
-		return 0
+		return 0, 0
 	}
 
 	endPC := startPC + size
@@ -263,22 +293,34 @@ func (ae *AccessEvents) CodeChunksRangeGas(contractAddr common.Address, startPC,
 	for chunkNumber := startPC / 31; chunkNumber <= endPC/31; chunkNumber++ {
 		treeIndex := *uint256.NewInt((chunkNumber + 128) / 256)
 		subIndex := byte((chunkNumber + 128) % 256)
-		gas := ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(contractAddr, treeIndex, subIndex, isWrite)
+		consumed, expected := ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(contractAddr, treeIndex, subIndex, isWrite, availableGas)
+		// did we OOG ?
+		if expected > consumed {
+			return statelessGasCharged + consumed, statelessGasCharged + expected
+		}
 		var overflow bool
-		statelessGasCharged, overflow = math.SafeAdd(statelessGasCharged, gas)
+		statelessGasCharged, overflow = math.SafeAdd(statelessGasCharged, consumed)
 		if overflow {
 			panic("overflow when adding gas")
 		}
+		availableGas -= consumed
 	}
-	return statelessGasCharged
+	return statelessGasCharged, statelessGasCharged
 }
 
 // BasicDataGas adds the account's basic data to the accessed data, and returns the
 // amount of gas that it costs.
 // Note that an access in write mode implies an access in read mode, whereas an
 // access in read mode does not imply an access in write mode.
-func (ae *AccessEvents) BasicDataGas(addr common.Address, isWrite bool) uint64 {
+func (ae *AccessEvents) BasicDataGas(addr common.Address, isWrite bool, availableGas uint64, chargeWarmCosts bool) uint64 {
-	return ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BasicDataLeafKey, isWrite)
+	_, expected := ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BasicDataLeafKey, isWrite, availableGas)
+	if expected == 0 && chargeWarmCosts {
+		if availableGas < params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929 {
+			return availableGas
+		}
+		expected = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
+	}
+	return expected
 }
 
 // CodeHashGas adds the account's code hash to the accessed data, and returns the
@@ -286,6 +328,13 @@ func (ae *AccessEvents) BasicDataGas(addr common.Address, isWrite bool) uint64 {
 // in write mode. If false, the charged gas corresponds to an access in read mode.
 // Note that an access in write mode implies an access in read mode, whereas an access in
 // read mode does not imply an access in write mode.
-func (ae *AccessEvents) CodeHashGas(addr common.Address, isWrite bool) uint64 {
+func (ae *AccessEvents) CodeHashGas(addr common.Address, isWrite bool, availableGas uint64, chargeWarmCosts bool) uint64 {
-	return ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeHashLeafKey, isWrite)
+	_, expected := ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeHashLeafKey, isWrite, availableGas)
+	if expected == 0 && chargeWarmCosts {
+		if availableGas < params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929 {
+			return availableGas
+		}
+		expected = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
+	}
+	return expected
 }

core/state/access_events_test.go

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package state
 
 import (
+	"math"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
@@ -40,50 +41,50 @@ func TestAccountHeaderGas(t *testing.T) {
 	ae := NewAccessEvents(utils.NewPointCache(1024))
 
 	// Check cold read cost
-	gas := ae.BasicDataGas(testAddr, false)
+	gas := ae.BasicDataGas(testAddr, false, math.MaxUint64, false)
 	if want := params.WitnessBranchReadCost + params.WitnessChunkReadCost; gas != want {
 		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, want)
 	}
 
 	// Check warm read cost
-	gas = ae.BasicDataGas(testAddr, false)
+	gas = ae.BasicDataGas(testAddr, false, math.MaxUint64, false)
 	if gas != 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, 0)
 	}
 
 	// Check cold read costs in the same group no longer incur the branch read cost
-	gas = ae.CodeHashGas(testAddr, false)
+	gas = ae.CodeHashGas(testAddr, false, math.MaxUint64, false)
 	if gas != params.WitnessChunkReadCost {
 		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, params.WitnessChunkReadCost)
 	}
 
 	// Check cold write cost
-	gas = ae.BasicDataGas(testAddr, true)
+	gas = ae.BasicDataGas(testAddr, true, math.MaxUint64, false)
 	if want := params.WitnessBranchWriteCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost; gas != want {
 		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, want)
 	}
 
 	// Check warm write cost
-	gas = ae.BasicDataGas(testAddr, true)
+	gas = ae.BasicDataGas(testAddr, true, math.MaxUint64, false)
 	if gas != 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, 0)
 	}
 
 	// Check a write without a read charges both read and write costs
-	gas = ae.BasicDataGas(testAddr2, true)
+	gas = ae.BasicDataGas(testAddr2, true, math.MaxUint64, false)
 	if want := params.WitnessBranchReadCost + params.WitnessBranchWriteCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + params.WitnessChunkReadCost; gas != want {
 		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, want)
 	}
 
 	// Check that a write followed by a read charges nothing
-	gas = ae.BasicDataGas(testAddr2, false)
+	gas = ae.BasicDataGas(testAddr2, false, math.MaxUint64, false)
 	if gas != 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, 0)
 	}
 
 	// Check that reading a slot from the account header only charges the
 	// chunk read cost.
-	gas = ae.SlotGas(testAddr, common.Hash{}, false)
+	gas = ae.SlotGas(testAddr, common.Hash{}, false, math.MaxUint64, false)
 	if gas != params.WitnessChunkReadCost {
 		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, params.WitnessChunkReadCost)
 	}
@@ -100,13 +101,13 @@ func TestContractCreateInitGas(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// Check cold read cost, without a value
-	gas := ae.ContractCreateInitGas(testAddr)
+	gas, _ := ae.ContractCreateInitGas(testAddr, math.MaxUint64)
 	if want := params.WitnessBranchWriteCost + params.WitnessBranchReadCost + 2*params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + 2*params.WitnessChunkReadCost; gas != want {
 		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, want)
 	}
 
 	// Check warm read cost
-	gas = ae.ContractCreateInitGas(testAddr)
+	gas, _ = ae.ContractCreateInitGas(testAddr, math.MaxUint64)
 	if gas != 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, 0)
 	}
@@ -118,24 +119,24 @@ func TestMessageCallGas(t *testing.T) {
 	ae := NewAccessEvents(utils.NewPointCache(1024))
 
 	// Check cold read cost, without a value
-	gas := ae.MessageCallGas(testAddr)
+	gas := ae.MessageCallGas(testAddr, math.MaxUint64)
 	if want := params.WitnessBranchReadCost + params.WitnessChunkReadCost; gas != want {
 		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, want)
 	}
 
 	// Check that reading the basic data and code hash of the same account does not incur the branch read cost
-	gas = ae.BasicDataGas(testAddr, false)
+	gas = ae.BasicDataGas(testAddr, false, math.MaxUint64, false)
 	if gas != 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, 0)
 	}
-	gas = ae.CodeHashGas(testAddr, false)
+	gas = ae.CodeHashGas(testAddr, false, math.MaxUint64, false)
 	if gas != params.WitnessChunkReadCost {
 		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, 0)
 	}
 
 	// Check warm read cost
-	gas = ae.MessageCallGas(testAddr)
+	gas = ae.MessageCallGas(testAddr, math.MaxUint64)
-	if gas != 0 {
+	if gas != params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929 {
-		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, 0)
+		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929)
 	}
 }

core/state/database.go

@@ -34,10 +34,10 @@ import (
 
 const (
 	// Number of codehash->size associations to keep.
-	codeSizeCacheSize = 100000
+	codeSizeCacheSize = 1_000_000 // 4 megabytes in total
 
 	// Cache size granted for caching clean code.
-	codeCacheSize = 64 * 1024 * 1024
+	codeCacheSize = 256 * 1024 * 1024
 
 	// Number of address->curve point associations to keep.
 	pointCacheSize = 4096
@@ -175,26 +175,27 @@ func NewDatabaseForTesting() *CachingDB {
 func (db *CachingDB) Reader(stateRoot common.Hash) (Reader, error) {
 	var readers []StateReader
 
-	// Set up the state snapshot reader if available. This feature
+	// Configure the state reader using the standalone snapshot in hash mode.
-	// is optional and may be partially useful if it's not fully
+	// This reader offers improved performance but is optional and only
-	// generated.
+	// partially useful if the snapshot is not fully generated.
-	if db.snap != nil {
+	if db.TrieDB().Scheme() == rawdb.HashScheme && db.snap != nil {
-		// If standalone state snapshot is available (hash scheme),
-		// then construct the legacy snap reader.
 		snap := db.snap.Snapshot(stateRoot)
 		if snap != nil {
 			readers = append(readers, newFlatReader(snap))
 		}
-	} else {
+	}
-		// If standalone state snapshot is not available, try to construct
+	// Configure the state reader using the path database in path mode.
-		// the state reader with database.
+	// This reader offers improved performance but is optional and only
+	// partially useful if the snapshot data in path database is not
+	// fully generated.
+	if db.TrieDB().Scheme() == rawdb.PathScheme {
 		reader, err := db.triedb.StateReader(stateRoot)
 		if err == nil {
-			readers = append(readers, newFlatReader(reader)) // state reader is optional
+			readers = append(readers, newFlatReader(reader))
 		}
 	}
-	// Set up the trie reader, which is expected to always be available
+	// Configure the trie reader, which is expected to be available as the
-	// as the gatekeeper unless the state is corrupted.
+	// gatekeeper unless the state is corrupted.
 	tr, err := newTrieReader(stateRoot, db.triedb, db.pointCache)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -208,6 +209,15 @@ func (db *CachingDB) Reader(stateRoot common.Hash) (Reader, error) {
 	return newReader(newCachingCodeReader(db.disk, db.codeCache, db.codeSizeCache), combined), nil
 }
 
+// ReaderWithCache creates a state reader with internal local cache.
+func (db *CachingDB) ReaderWithCache(stateRoot common.Hash) (Reader, error) {
+	reader, err := db.Reader(stateRoot)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return newReaderWithCache(reader), nil
+}
+
 // OpenTrie opens the main account trie at a specific root hash.
 func (db *CachingDB) OpenTrie(root common.Hash) (Trie, error) {
 	if db.triedb.IsVerkle() {

core/state/journal.go

@@ -408,6 +408,7 @@ func (ch storageChange) copy() journalEntry {
 		account:   ch.account,
 		key:       ch.key,
 		prevvalue: ch.prevvalue,
+		origvalue: ch.origvalue,
 	}
 }
 

core/state/reader.go

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ package state
 
 import (
 	"errors"
+	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/lru"
@@ -51,6 +52,9 @@ type ContractCodeReader interface {
 
 // StateReader defines the interface for accessing accounts and storage slots
 // associated with a specific state.
+//
+// StateReader is assumed to be thread-safe and implementation must take care
+// of the concurrency issue by themselves.
 type StateReader interface {
 	// Account retrieves the account associated with a particular address.
 	//
@@ -70,6 +74,9 @@ type StateReader interface {
 
 // Reader defines the interface for accessing accounts, storage slots and contract
 // code associated with a specific state.
+//
+// Reader is assumed to be thread-safe and implementation must take care of the
+// concurrency issue by themselves.
 type Reader interface {
 	ContractCodeReader
 	StateReader
@@ -77,6 +84,8 @@ type Reader interface {
 
 // cachingCodeReader implements ContractCodeReader, accessing contract code either in
 // local key-value store or the shared code cache.
+//
+// cachingCodeReader is safe for concurrent access.
 type cachingCodeReader struct {
 	db ethdb.KeyValueReader
 
@@ -123,18 +132,14 @@ func (r *cachingCodeReader) CodeSize(addr common.Address, codeHash common.Hash)
 	return len(code), nil
 }
 
-// flatReader wraps a database state reader.
+// flatReader wraps a database state reader and is safe for concurrent access.
 type flatReader struct {
 	reader database.StateReader
-	buff   crypto.KeccakState
 }
 
 // newFlatReader constructs a state reader with on the given state root.
 func newFlatReader(reader database.StateReader) *flatReader {
-	return &flatReader{
+	return &flatReader{reader: reader}
-		reader: reader,
-		buff:   crypto.NewKeccakState(),
-	}
 }
 
 // Account implements StateReader, retrieving the account specified by the address.
@@ -144,7 +149,7 @@ func newFlatReader(reader database.StateReader) *flatReader {
 //
 // The returned account might be nil if it's not existent.
 func (r *flatReader) Account(addr common.Address) (*types.StateAccount, error) {
-	account, err := r.reader.Account(crypto.HashData(r.buff, addr.Bytes()))
+	account, err := r.reader.Account(crypto.Keccak256Hash(addr.Bytes()))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -174,8 +179,8 @@ func (r *flatReader) Account(addr common.Address) (*types.StateAccount, error) {
 //
 // The returned storage slot might be empty if it's not existent.
 func (r *flatReader) Storage(addr common.Address, key common.Hash) (common.Hash, error) {
-	addrHash := crypto.HashData(r.buff, addr.Bytes())
+	addrHash := crypto.Keccak256Hash(addr.Bytes())
-	slotHash := crypto.HashData(r.buff, key.Bytes())
+	slotHash := crypto.Keccak256Hash(key.Bytes())
 	ret, err := r.reader.Storage(addrHash, slotHash)
 	if err != nil {
 		return common.Hash{}, err
@@ -196,13 +201,20 @@ func (r *flatReader) Storage(addr common.Address, key common.Hash) (common.Hash,
 
 // trieReader implements the StateReader interface, providing functions to access
 // state from the referenced trie.
+//
+// trieReader is safe for concurrent read.
 type trieReader struct {
-	root     common.Hash                    // State root which uniquely represent a state
+	root common.Hash        // State root which uniquely represent a state
-	db       *triedb.Database               // Database for loading trie
+	db   *triedb.Database   // Database for loading trie
-	buff     crypto.KeccakState             // Buffer for keccak256 hashing
+	buff crypto.KeccakState // Buffer for keccak256 hashing
-	mainTrie Trie                           // Main trie, resolved in constructor
+
+	// Main trie, resolved in constructor. Note either the Merkle-Patricia-tree
+	// or Verkle-tree is not safe for concurrent read.
+	mainTrie Trie
+
 	subRoots map[common.Address]common.Hash // Set of storage roots, cached when the account is resolved
 	subTries map[common.Address]Trie        // Group of storage tries, cached when it's resolved
+	lock     sync.Mutex                     // Lock for protecting concurrent read
 }
 
 // trieReader constructs a trie reader of the specific state. An error will be
@@ -230,11 +242,8 @@ func newTrieReader(root common.Hash, db *triedb.Database, cache *utils.PointCach
 	}, nil
 }
 
-// Account implements StateReader, retrieving the account specified by the address.
+// account is the inner version of Account and assumes the r.lock is already held.
-//
+func (r *trieReader) account(addr common.Address) (*types.StateAccount, error) {
-// An error will be returned if the trie state is corrupted. An nil account
-// will be returned if it's not existent in the trie.
-func (r *trieReader) Account(addr common.Address) (*types.StateAccount, error) {
 	account, err := r.mainTrie.GetAccount(addr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -247,12 +256,26 @@ func (r *trieReader) Account(addr common.Address) (*types.StateAccount, error) {
 	return account, nil
 }
 
+// Account implements StateReader, retrieving the account specified by the address.
+//
+// An error will be returned if the trie state is corrupted. An nil account
+// will be returned if it's not existent in the trie.
+func (r *trieReader) Account(addr common.Address) (*types.StateAccount, error) {
+	r.lock.Lock()
+	defer r.lock.Unlock()
+
+	return r.account(addr)
+}
+
 // Storage implements StateReader, retrieving the storage slot specified by the
 // address and slot key.
 //
 // An error will be returned if the trie state is corrupted. An empty storage
 // slot will be returned if it's not existent in the trie.
 func (r *trieReader) Storage(addr common.Address, key common.Hash) (common.Hash, error) {
+	r.lock.Lock()
+	defer r.lock.Unlock()
+
 	var (
 		tr    Trie
 		found bool
@@ -268,7 +291,7 @@ func (r *trieReader) Storage(addr common.Address, key common.Hash) (common.Hash,
 			// The storage slot is accessed without account caching. It's unexpected
 			// behavior but try to resolve the account first anyway.
 			if !ok {
-				_, err := r.Account(addr)
+				_, err := r.account(addr)
 				if err != nil {
 					return common.Hash{}, err
 				}
@@ -293,6 +316,9 @@ func (r *trieReader) Storage(addr common.Address, key common.Hash) (common.Hash,
 // multiStateReader is the aggregation of a list of StateReader interface,
 // providing state access by leveraging all readers. The checking priority
 // is determined by the position in the reader list.
+//
+// multiStateReader is safe for concurrent read and assumes all underlying
+// readers are thread-safe as well.
 type multiStateReader struct {
 	readers []StateReader // List of state readers, sorted by checking priority
 }
@@ -358,3 +384,95 @@ func newReader(codeReader ContractCodeReader, stateReader StateReader) *reader {
 		StateReader:        stateReader,
 	}
 }
+
+// readerWithCache is a wrapper around Reader that maintains additional state caches
+// to support concurrent state access.
+type readerWithCache struct {
+	Reader // safe for concurrent read
+
+	// Previously resolved state entries.
+	accounts    map[common.Address]*types.StateAccount
+	accountLock sync.RWMutex
+
+	// List of storage buckets, each of which is thread-safe.
+	// This reader is typically used in scenarios requiring concurrent
+	// access to storage. Using multiple buckets helps mitigate
+	// the overhead caused by locking.
+	storageBuckets [16]struct {
+		lock     sync.RWMutex
+		storages map[common.Address]map[common.Hash]common.Hash
+	}
+}
+
+// newReaderWithCache constructs the reader with local cache.
+func newReaderWithCache(reader Reader) *readerWithCache {
+	r := &readerWithCache{
+		Reader:   reader,
+		accounts: make(map[common.Address]*types.StateAccount),
+	}
+	for i := range r.storageBuckets {
+		r.storageBuckets[i].storages = make(map[common.Address]map[common.Hash]common.Hash)
+	}
+	return r
+}
+
+// Account implements StateReader, retrieving the account specified by the address.
+// The returned account might be nil if it's not existent.
+//
+// An error will be returned if the state is corrupted in the underlying reader.
+func (r *readerWithCache) Account(addr common.Address) (*types.StateAccount, error) {
+	// Try to resolve the requested account in the local cache
+	r.accountLock.RLock()
+	acct, ok := r.accounts[addr]
+	r.accountLock.RUnlock()
+	if ok {
+		return acct, nil
+	}
+	// Try to resolve the requested account from the underlying reader
+	acct, err := r.Reader.Account(addr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	r.accountLock.Lock()
+	r.accounts[addr] = acct
+	r.accountLock.Unlock()
+	return acct, nil
+}
+
+// Storage implements StateReader, retrieving the storage slot specified by the
+// address and slot key. The returned storage slot might be empty if it's not
+// existent.
+//
+// An error will be returned if the state is corrupted in the underlying reader.
+func (r *readerWithCache) Storage(addr common.Address, slot common.Hash) (common.Hash, error) {
+	var (
+		value  common.Hash
+		ok     bool
+		bucket = &r.storageBuckets[addr[0]&0x0f]
+	)
+	// Try to resolve the requested storage slot in the local cache
+	bucket.lock.RLock()
+	slots, ok := bucket.storages[addr]
+	if ok {
+		value, ok = slots[slot]
+	}
+	bucket.lock.RUnlock()
+	if ok {
+		return value, nil
+	}
+	// Try to resolve the requested storage slot from the underlying reader
+	value, err := r.Reader.Storage(addr, slot)
+	if err != nil {
+		return common.Hash{}, err
+	}
+	bucket.lock.Lock()
+	slots, ok = bucket.storages[addr]
+	if !ok {
+		slots = make(map[common.Hash]common.Hash)
+		bucket.storages[addr] = slots
+	}
+	slots[slot] = value
+	bucket.lock.Unlock()
+
+	return value, nil
+}

core/state/snapshot/generate_test.go

@@ -166,7 +166,9 @@ func newHelper(scheme string) *testHelper {
 	diskdb := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
 	config := &triedb.Config{}
 	if scheme == rawdb.PathScheme {
-		config.PathDB = &pathdb.Config{} // disable caching
+		config.PathDB = &pathdb.Config{
+			SnapshotNoBuild: true,
+		} // disable caching
 	} else {
 		config.HashDB = &hashdb.Config{} // disable caching
 	}

core/state/statedb.go

@@ -159,11 +159,17 @@ type StateDB struct {
 
 // New creates a new state from a given trie.
 func New(root common.Hash, db Database) (*StateDB, error) {
-	tr, err := db.OpenTrie(root)
+	reader, err := db.Reader(root)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	reader, err := db.Reader(root)
+	return NewWithReader(root, db, reader)
+}
+
+// NewWithReader creates a new state for the specified state root. Unlike New,
+// this function accepts an additional Reader which is bound to the given root.
+func NewWithReader(root common.Hash, db Database, reader Reader) (*StateDB, error) {
+	tr, err := db.OpenTrie(root)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -292,7 +298,7 @@ func (s *StateDB) SubRefund(gas uint64) {
 }
 
 // Exist reports whether the given account address exists in the state.
-// Notably this also returns true for self-destructed accounts.
+// Notably this also returns true for self-destructed accounts within the current transaction.
 func (s *StateDB) Exist(addr common.Address) bool {
 	return s.getStateObject(addr) != nil
 }
@@ -392,6 +398,12 @@ func (s *StateDB) Database() Database {
 	return s.db
 }
 
+// Reader retrieves the low level database reader supporting the
+// lower level operations.
+func (s *StateDB) Reader() Reader {
+	return s.reader
+}
+
 func (s *StateDB) HasSelfDestructed(addr common.Address) bool {
 	stateObject := s.getStateObject(addr)
 	if stateObject != nil {
@@ -550,9 +562,8 @@ func (s *StateDB) GetTransientState(addr common.Address, key common.Hash) common
 // updateStateObject writes the given object to the trie.
 func (s *StateDB) updateStateObject(obj *stateObject) {
 	// Encode the account and update the account trie
-	addr := obj.Address()
+	if err := s.trie.UpdateAccount(obj.Address(), &obj.data, len(obj.code)); err != nil {
-	if err := s.trie.UpdateAccount(addr, &obj.data, len(obj.code)); err != nil {
+		s.setError(fmt.Errorf("updateStateObject (%x) error: %v", obj.Address(), err))
-		s.setError(fmt.Errorf("updateStateObject (%x) error: %v", addr[:], err))
 	}
 	if obj.dirtyCode {
 		s.trie.UpdateContractCode(obj.Address(), common.BytesToHash(obj.CodeHash()), obj.code)
@@ -650,11 +661,10 @@ func (s *StateDB) CreateContract(addr common.Address) {
 // Snapshots of the copied state cannot be applied to the copy.
 func (s *StateDB) Copy() *StateDB {
 	// Copy all the basic fields, initialize the memory ones
-	reader, _ := s.db.Reader(s.originalRoot) // impossible to fail
 	state := &StateDB{
 		db:                   s.db,
 		trie:                 mustCopyTrie(s.trie),
-		reader:               reader,
+		reader:               s.reader,
 		originalRoot:         s.originalRoot,
 		stateObjects:         make(map[common.Address]*stateObject, len(s.stateObjects)),
 		stateObjectsDestruct: make(map[common.Address]*stateObject, len(s.stateObjectsDestruct)),

core/state/statedb_test.go

@@ -979,7 +979,8 @@ func testMissingTrieNodes(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 	)
 	if scheme == rawdb.PathScheme {
 		tdb = triedb.NewDatabase(memDb, &triedb.Config{PathDB: &pathdb.Config{
-			CleanCacheSize:  0,
+			TrieCleanSize:   0,
+			StateCleanSize:  0,
 			WriteBufferSize: 0,
 		}}) // disable caching
 	} else {

core/state_prefetcher.go

@@ -17,17 +17,22 @@
 package core
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
+	"runtime"
 	"sync/atomic"
 
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
+	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
 )
 
-// statePrefetcher is a basic Prefetcher, which blindly executes a block on top
+// statePrefetcher is a basic Prefetcher that executes transactions from a block
-// of an arbitrary state with the goal of prefetching potentially useful state
+// on top of the parent state, aiming to prefetch potentially useful state data
-// data from disk before the main block processor start executing.
+// from disk. Transactions are executed in parallel to fully leverage the
+// SSD's read performance.
 type statePrefetcher struct {
 	config *params.ChainConfig // Chain configuration options
 	chain  *HeaderChain        // Canonical block chain
@@ -43,41 +48,81 @@ func newStatePrefetcher(config *params.ChainConfig, chain *HeaderChain) *statePr
 
 // Prefetch processes the state changes according to the Ethereum rules by running
 // the transaction messages using the statedb, but any changes are discarded. The
-// only goal is to pre-cache transaction signatures and state trie nodes.
+// only goal is to warm the state caches.
 func (p *statePrefetcher) Prefetch(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, cfg vm.Config, interrupt *atomic.Bool) {
 	var (
-		header       = block.Header()
+		fails   atomic.Int64
-		gaspool      = new(GasPool).AddGas(block.GasLimit())
+		header  = block.Header()
-		blockContext = NewEVMBlockContext(header, p.chain, nil)
+		signer  = types.MakeSigner(p.config, header.Number, header.Time)
-		evm          = vm.NewEVM(blockContext, statedb, p.config, cfg)
+		workers errgroup.Group
-		signer       = types.MakeSigner(p.config, header.Number, header.Time)
+		reader  = statedb.Reader()
 	)
-	// Iterate over and process the individual transactions
+	workers.SetLimit(runtime.NumCPU() / 2)
-	byzantium := p.config.IsByzantium(block.Number())
-	for i, tx := range block.Transactions() {
-		// If block precaching was interrupted, abort
-		if interrupt != nil && interrupt.Load() {
-			return
-		}
-		// Convert the transaction into an executable message and pre-cache its sender
-		msg, err := TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, header.BaseFee)
-		if err != nil {
-			return // Also invalid block, bail out
-		}
-		statedb.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), i)
 
-		// We attempt to apply a transaction. The goal is not to execute
+	// Iterate over and process the individual transactions
-		// the transaction successfully, rather to warm up touched data slots.
+	for i, tx := range block.Transactions() {
-		if _, err := ApplyMessage(evm, msg, gaspool); err != nil {
+		stateCpy := statedb.Copy() // closure
-			return // Ugh, something went horribly wrong, bail out
+		workers.Go(func() error {
-		}
+			// If block precaching was interrupted, abort
-		// If we're pre-byzantium, pre-load trie nodes for the intermediate root
+			if interrupt != nil && interrupt.Load() {
-		if !byzantium {
+				return nil
-			statedb.IntermediateRoot(true)
+			}
-		}
+			// Preload the touched accounts and storage slots in advance
-	}
+			sender, err := types.Sender(signer, tx)
-	// If were post-byzantium, pre-load trie nodes for the final root hash
+			if err != nil {
-	if byzantium {
+				fails.Add(1)
-		statedb.IntermediateRoot(true)
+				return nil
+			}
+			reader.Account(sender)
+
+			if tx.To() != nil {
+				account, _ := reader.Account(*tx.To())
+
+				// Preload the contract code if the destination has non-empty code
+				if account != nil && !bytes.Equal(account.CodeHash, types.EmptyCodeHash.Bytes()) {
+					reader.Code(*tx.To(), common.BytesToHash(account.CodeHash))
+				}
+			}
+			for _, list := range tx.AccessList() {
+				reader.Account(list.Address)
+				if len(list.StorageKeys) > 0 {
+					for _, slot := range list.StorageKeys {
+						reader.Storage(list.Address, slot)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			// Execute the message to preload the implicit touched states
+			evm := vm.NewEVM(NewEVMBlockContext(header, p.chain, nil), stateCpy, p.config, cfg)
+
+			// Convert the transaction into an executable message and pre-cache its sender
+			msg, err := TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, header.BaseFee)
+			if err != nil {
+				fails.Add(1)
+				return nil // Also invalid block, bail out
+			}
+			// Disable the nonce check
+			msg.SkipNonceChecks = true
+
+			stateCpy.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), i)
+
+			// We attempt to apply a transaction. The goal is not to execute
+			// the transaction successfully, rather to warm up touched data slots.
+			if _, err := ApplyMessage(evm, msg, new(GasPool).AddGas(block.GasLimit())); err != nil {
+				fails.Add(1)
+				return nil // Ugh, something went horribly wrong, bail out
+			}
+			// Pre-load trie nodes for the intermediate root.
+			//
+			// This operation incurs significant memory allocations due to
+			// trie hashing and node decoding. TODO(rjl493456442): investigate
+			// ways to mitigate this overhead.
+			stateCpy.IntermediateRoot(true)
+			return nil
+		})
 	}
+	workers.Wait()
+
+	blockPrefetchTxsValidMeter.Mark(int64(len(block.Transactions())) - fails.Load())
+	blockPrefetchTxsInvalidMeter.Mark(fails.Load())
+	return
 }

core/state_transition.go

@@ -159,7 +159,9 @@ type Message struct {
 
 	// When SkipNonceChecks is true, the message nonce is not checked against the
 	// account nonce in state.
-	// This field will be set to true for operations like RPC eth_call.
+	//
+	// This field will be set to true for operations like RPC eth_call
+	// or the state prefetching.
 	SkipNonceChecks bool
 
 	// When SkipFromEOACheck is true, the message sender is not checked to be an EOA.
@@ -455,7 +457,7 @@ func (st *stateTransition) execute() (*ExecutionResult, error) {
 		st.evm.AccessEvents.AddTxOrigin(msg.From)
 
 		if targetAddr := msg.To; targetAddr != nil {
-			st.evm.AccessEvents.AddTxDestination(*targetAddr, msg.Value.Sign() != 0)
+			st.evm.AccessEvents.AddTxDestination(*targetAddr, msg.Value.Sign() != 0, !st.state.Exist(*targetAddr))
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -550,7 +552,7 @@ func (st *stateTransition) execute() (*ExecutionResult, error) {
 
 		// add the coinbase to the witness iff the fee is greater than 0
 		if rules.IsEIP4762 && fee.Sign() != 0 {
-			st.evm.AccessEvents.AddAccount(st.evm.Context.Coinbase, true)
+			st.evm.AccessEvents.AddAccount(st.evm.Context.Coinbase, true, math.MaxUint64)
 		}
 	}
 

core/txindexer_test.go

@@ -116,8 +116,8 @@ func TestTxIndexer(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, c := range cases {
-		db, _ := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), "", "", false)
+		db, _ := rawdb.Open(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), rawdb.OpenOptions{})
-		rawdb.WriteAncientBlocks(db, append([]*types.Block{gspec.ToBlock()}, blocks...), append([]types.Receipts{{}}, receipts...))
+		rawdb.WriteAncientBlocks(db, append([]*types.Block{gspec.ToBlock()}, blocks...), types.EncodeBlockReceiptLists(append([]types.Receipts{{}}, receipts...)))
 
 		// Index the initial blocks from ancient store
 		indexer := &txIndexer{
@@ -235,8 +235,9 @@ func TestTxIndexerRepair(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, c := range cases {
-		db, _ := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), "", "", false)
+		db, _ := rawdb.Open(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), rawdb.OpenOptions{})
-		rawdb.WriteAncientBlocks(db, append([]*types.Block{gspec.ToBlock()}, blocks...), append([]types.Receipts{{}}, receipts...))
+		encReceipts := types.EncodeBlockReceiptLists(append([]types.Receipts{{}}, receipts...))
+		rawdb.WriteAncientBlocks(db, append([]*types.Block{gspec.ToBlock()}, blocks...), encReceipts)
 
 		// Index the initial blocks from ancient store
 		indexer := &txIndexer{
@@ -425,8 +426,9 @@ func TestTxIndexerReport(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, c := range cases {
-		db, _ := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), "", "", false)
+		db, _ := rawdb.Open(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), rawdb.OpenOptions{})
-		rawdb.WriteAncientBlocks(db, append([]*types.Block{gspec.ToBlock()}, blocks...), append([]types.Receipts{{}}, receipts...))
+		encReceipts := types.EncodeBlockReceiptLists(append([]types.Receipts{{}}, receipts...))
+		rawdb.WriteAncientBlocks(db, append([]*types.Block{gspec.ToBlock()}, blocks...), encReceipts)
 
 		// Index the initial blocks from ancient store
 		indexer := &txIndexer{

core/txpool/blobpool/blobpool.go

@@ -62,6 +62,12 @@ const (
 	// limit can never hurt.
 	txMaxSize = 1024 * 1024
 
+	// maxBlobsPerTx is the maximum number of blobs that a single transaction can
+	// carry. We choose a smaller limit than the protocol-permitted MaxBlobsPerBlock
+	// in order to ensure network and txpool stability.
+	// Note: if you increase this, validation will fail on txMaxSize.
+	maxBlobsPerTx = 7
+
 	// maxTxsPerAccount is the maximum number of blob transactions admitted from
 	// a single account. The limit is enforced to minimize the DoS potential of
 	// a private tx cancelling publicly propagated blobs.
@@ -1095,10 +1101,11 @@ func (p *BlobPool) SetGasTip(tip *big.Int) {
 // and does not require the pool mutex to be held.
 func (p *BlobPool) ValidateTxBasics(tx *types.Transaction) error {
 	opts := &txpool.ValidationOptions{
-		Config:  p.chain.Config(),
+		Config:       p.chain.Config(),
-		Accept:  1 << types.BlobTxType,
+		Accept:       1 << types.BlobTxType,
-		MaxSize: txMaxSize,
+		MaxSize:      txMaxSize,
-		MinTip:  p.gasTip.ToBig(),
+		MinTip:       p.gasTip.ToBig(),
+		MaxBlobCount: maxBlobsPerTx,
 	}
 	return txpool.ValidateTransaction(tx, p.head, p.signer, opts)
 }

core/txpool/blobpool/blobpool_test.go

@@ -1142,6 +1142,65 @@ func TestChangingSlotterSize(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// TestBlobCountLimit tests the blobpool enforced limits on the max blob count.
+func TestBlobCountLimit(t *testing.T) {
+	var (
+		key1, _ = crypto.GenerateKey()
+		key2, _ = crypto.GenerateKey()
+
+		addr1 = crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key1.PublicKey)
+		addr2 = crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key2.PublicKey)
+	)
+
+	statedb, _ := state.New(types.EmptyRootHash, state.NewDatabaseForTesting())
+	statedb.AddBalance(addr1, uint256.NewInt(1_000_000_000), tracing.BalanceChangeUnspecified)
+	statedb.AddBalance(addr2, uint256.NewInt(1_000_000_000), tracing.BalanceChangeUnspecified)
+	statedb.Commit(0, true, false)
+
+	// Make Prague-enabled custom chain config.
+	cancunTime := uint64(0)
+	pragueTime := uint64(0)
+	config := &params.ChainConfig{
+		ChainID:     big.NewInt(1),
+		LondonBlock: big.NewInt(0),
+		BerlinBlock: big.NewInt(0),
+		CancunTime:  &cancunTime,
+		PragueTime:  &pragueTime,
+		BlobScheduleConfig: &params.BlobScheduleConfig{
+			Cancun: params.DefaultCancunBlobConfig,
+			Prague: params.DefaultPragueBlobConfig,
+		},
+	}
+	chain := &testBlockChain{
+		config:  config,
+		basefee: uint256.NewInt(1050),
+		blobfee: uint256.NewInt(105),
+		statedb: statedb,
+	}
+	pool := New(Config{Datadir: t.TempDir()}, chain, nil)
+	if err := pool.Init(1, chain.CurrentBlock(), newReserver()); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create blob pool: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Attempt to add transactions.
+	var (
+		tx1 = makeMultiBlobTx(0, 1, 1000, 100, 7, key1)
+		tx2 = makeMultiBlobTx(0, 1, 800, 70, 8, key2)
+	)
+	errs := pool.Add([]*types.Transaction{tx1, tx2}, true)
+
+	// Check that first succeeds second fails.
+	if errs[0] != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected tx with 7 blobs to succeed")
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(errs[1], txpool.ErrTxBlobLimitExceeded) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected tx with 8 blobs to fail, got: %v", errs[1])
+	}
+
+	verifyPoolInternals(t, pool)
+	pool.Close()
+}
+
 // Tests that adding transaction will correctly store it in the persistent store
 // and update all the indices.
 //

core/txpool/errors.go

@@ -58,6 +58,10 @@ var (
 	// making the transaction invalid, rather a DOS protection.
 	ErrOversizedData = errors.New("oversized data")
 
+	// ErrTxBlobLimitExceeded is returned if a transaction would exceed the number
+	// of blobs allowed by blobpool.
+	ErrTxBlobLimitExceeded = errors.New("transaction blob limit exceeded")
+
 	// ErrAlreadyReserved is returned if the sender address has a pending transaction
 	// in a different subpool. For example, this error is returned in response to any
 	// input transaction of non-blob type when a blob transaction from this sender

core/txpool/legacypool/legacypool_test.go

@@ -108,11 +108,33 @@ func pricedTransaction(nonce uint64, gaslimit uint64, gasprice *big.Int, key *ec
 	return tx
 }
 
-func pricedDataTransaction(nonce uint64, gaslimit uint64, gasprice *big.Int, key *ecdsa.PrivateKey, bytes uint64) *types.Transaction {
+// pricedDataTransaction generates a signed transaction with fixed-size data,
-	data := make([]byte, bytes)
+// and ensures that the resulting signature components (r and s) are exactly 32 bytes each,
-	crand.Read(data)
+// producing transactions with deterministic size.
+//
+// This avoids variability in transaction size caused by leading zeros being omitted in
+// RLP encoding of r/s. Since r and s are derived from ECDSA, they occasionally have leading
+// zeros and thus can be shorter than 32 bytes.
+//
+// For example:
+//
+//	r: 0 leading zeros, bytesSize: 32, bytes: [221 ... 101]
+//	s: 1 leading zeros, bytesSize: 31, bytes: [0 75 ... 47]
+func pricedDataTransaction(nonce uint64, gaslimit uint64, gasprice *big.Int, key *ecdsa.PrivateKey, dataBytes uint64) *types.Transaction {
+	var tx *types.Transaction
 
-	tx, _ := types.SignTx(types.NewTransaction(nonce, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), gaslimit, gasprice, data), types.HomesteadSigner{}, key)
+	// 10 attempts is statistically sufficient since leading zeros in ECDSA signatures are rare and randomly distributed.
+	var retryTimes = 10
+	for i := 0; i < retryTimes; i++ {
+		data := make([]byte, dataBytes)
+		crand.Read(data)
+
+		tx, _ = types.SignTx(types.NewTransaction(nonce, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), gaslimit, gasprice, data), types.HomesteadSigner{}, key)
+		_, r, s := tx.RawSignatureValues()
+		if len(r.Bytes()) == 32 && len(s.Bytes()) == 32 {
+			break
+		}
+	}
 	return tx
 }
 
@@ -1239,7 +1261,7 @@ func TestAllowedTxSize(t *testing.T) {
 	const largeDataLength = txMaxSize - 200 // enough to have a 5 bytes RLP encoding of the data length number
 	txWithLargeData := pricedDataTransaction(0, pool.currentHead.Load().GasLimit, big.NewInt(1), key, largeDataLength)
 	maxTxLengthWithoutData := txWithLargeData.Size() - largeDataLength // 103 bytes
-	maxTxDataLength := txMaxSize - maxTxLengthWithoutData              // 131072 - 103 = 130953 bytes
+	maxTxDataLength := txMaxSize - maxTxLengthWithoutData              // 131072 - 103 = 130969 bytes
 
 	// Try adding a transaction with maximal allowed size
 	tx := pricedDataTransaction(0, pool.currentHead.Load().GasLimit, big.NewInt(1), key, maxTxDataLength)

core/txpool/validation.go

@@ -42,9 +42,10 @@ var (
 type ValidationOptions struct {
 	Config *params.ChainConfig // Chain configuration to selectively validate based on current fork rules
 
-	Accept  uint8    // Bitmap of transaction types that should be accepted for the calling pool
+	Accept       uint8    // Bitmap of transaction types that should be accepted for the calling pool
-	MaxSize uint64   // Maximum size of a transaction that the caller can meaningfully handle
+	MaxSize      uint64   // Maximum size of a transaction that the caller can meaningfully handle
-	MinTip  *big.Int // Minimum gas tip needed to allow a transaction into the caller pool
+	MaxBlobCount int      // Maximum number of blobs allowed per transaction
+	MinTip       *big.Int // Minimum gas tip needed to allow a transaction into the caller pool
 }
 
 // ValidationFunction is an method type which the pools use to perform the tx-validations which do not
@@ -63,6 +64,9 @@ func ValidateTransaction(tx *types.Transaction, head *types.Header, signer types
 	if opts.Accept&(1<<tx.Type()) == 0 {
 		return fmt.Errorf("%w: tx type %v not supported by this pool", core.ErrTxTypeNotSupported, tx.Type())
 	}
+	if blobCount := len(tx.BlobHashes()); blobCount > opts.MaxBlobCount {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: blob count %v, limit %v", ErrTxBlobLimitExceeded, blobCount, opts.MaxBlobCount)
+	}
 	// Before performing any expensive validations, sanity check that the tx is
 	// smaller than the maximum limit the pool can meaningfully handle
 	if tx.Size() > opts.MaxSize {

core/types/account.go

@@ -38,17 +38,13 @@ type Account struct {
 	Storage map[common.Hash]common.Hash `json:"storage,omitempty"`
 	Balance *big.Int                    `json:"balance" gencodec:"required"`
 	Nonce   uint64                      `json:"nonce,omitempty"`
-
-	// used in tests
-	PrivateKey []byte `json:"secretKey,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type accountMarshaling struct {
-	Code       hexutil.Bytes
+	Code    hexutil.Bytes
-	Balance    *math.HexOrDecimal256
+	Balance *math.HexOrDecimal256
-	Nonce      math.HexOrDecimal64
+	Nonce   math.HexOrDecimal64
-	Storage    map[storageJSON]storageJSON
+	Storage map[storageJSON]storageJSON
-	PrivateKey hexutil.Bytes
 }
 
 // storageJSON represents a 256 bit byte array, but allows less than 256 bits when

core/types/bloom9.go

@@ -59,11 +59,12 @@ func (b *Bloom) SetBytes(d []byte) {
 
 // Add adds d to the filter. Future calls of Test(d) will return true.
 func (b *Bloom) Add(d []byte) {
-	b.add(d, make([]byte, 6))
+	var buf [6]byte
+	b.AddWithBuffer(d, &buf)
 }
 
 // add is internal version of Add, which takes a scratch buffer for reuse (needs to be at least 6 bytes)
-func (b *Bloom) add(d []byte, buf []byte) {
+func (b *Bloom) AddWithBuffer(d []byte, buf *[6]byte) {
 	i1, v1, i2, v2, i3, v3 := bloomValues(d, buf)
 	b[i1] |= v1
 	b[i2] |= v2
@@ -84,7 +85,8 @@ func (b Bloom) Bytes() []byte {
 
 // Test checks if the given topic is present in the bloom filter
 func (b Bloom) Test(topic []byte) bool {
-	i1, v1, i2, v2, i3, v3 := bloomValues(topic, make([]byte, 6))
+	var buf [6]byte
+	i1, v1, i2, v2, i3, v3 := bloomValues(topic, &buf)
 	return v1 == v1&b[i1] &&
 		v2 == v2&b[i2] &&
 		v3 == v3&b[i3]
@@ -104,12 +106,12 @@ func (b *Bloom) UnmarshalText(input []byte) error {
 func CreateBloom(receipt *Receipt) Bloom {
 	var (
 		bin Bloom
-		buf = make([]byte, 6)
+		buf [6]byte
 	)
 	for _, log := range receipt.Logs {
-		bin.add(log.Address.Bytes(), buf)
+		bin.AddWithBuffer(log.Address.Bytes(), &buf)
 		for _, b := range log.Topics {
-			bin.add(b[:], buf)
+			bin.AddWithBuffer(b[:], &buf)
 		}
 	}
 	return bin
@@ -139,21 +141,20 @@ func Bloom9(data []byte) []byte {
 }
 
 // bloomValues returns the bytes (index-value pairs) to set for the given data
-func bloomValues(data []byte, hashbuf []byte) (uint, byte, uint, byte, uint, byte) {
+func bloomValues(data []byte, hashbuf *[6]byte) (uint, byte, uint, byte, uint, byte) {
 	sha := hasherPool.Get().(crypto.KeccakState)
 	sha.Reset()
 	sha.Write(data)
-	sha.Read(hashbuf)
+	sha.Read(hashbuf[:])
 	hasherPool.Put(sha)
 	// The actual bits to flip
 	v1 := byte(1 << (hashbuf[1] & 0x7))
 	v2 := byte(1 << (hashbuf[3] & 0x7))
 	v3 := byte(1 << (hashbuf[5] & 0x7))
 	// The indices for the bytes to OR in
-	i1 := BloomByteLength - uint((binary.BigEndian.Uint16(hashbuf)&0x7ff)>>3) - 1
+	i1 := BloomByteLength - uint((binary.BigEndian.Uint16(hashbuf[0:])&0x7ff)>>3) - 1
 	i2 := BloomByteLength - uint((binary.BigEndian.Uint16(hashbuf[2:])&0x7ff)>>3) - 1
 	i3 := BloomByteLength - uint((binary.BigEndian.Uint16(hashbuf[4:])&0x7ff)>>3) - 1
-
 	return i1, v1, i2, v2, i3, v3
 }
 

core/types/gen_account.go

@@ -17,11 +17,10 @@ var _ = (*accountMarshaling)(nil)
 // MarshalJSON marshals as JSON.
 func (a Account) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	type Account struct {
-		Code       hexutil.Bytes               `json:"code,omitempty"`
+		Code    hexutil.Bytes               `json:"code,omitempty"`
-		Storage    map[storageJSON]storageJSON `json:"storage,omitempty"`
+		Storage map[storageJSON]storageJSON `json:"storage,omitempty"`
-		Balance    *math.HexOrDecimal256       `json:"balance" gencodec:"required"`
+		Balance *math.HexOrDecimal256       `json:"balance" gencodec:"required"`
-		Nonce      math.HexOrDecimal64         `json:"nonce,omitempty"`
+		Nonce   math.HexOrDecimal64         `json:"nonce,omitempty"`
-		PrivateKey hexutil.Bytes               `json:"secretKey,omitempty"`
 	}
 	var enc Account
 	enc.Code = a.Code
@@ -33,18 +32,16 @@ func (a Account) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	}
 	enc.Balance = (*math.HexOrDecimal256)(a.Balance)
 	enc.Nonce = math.HexOrDecimal64(a.Nonce)
-	enc.PrivateKey = a.PrivateKey
 	return json.Marshal(&enc)
 }
 
 // UnmarshalJSON unmarshals from JSON.
 func (a *Account) UnmarshalJSON(input []byte) error {
 	type Account struct {
-		Code       *hexutil.Bytes              `json:"code,omitempty"`
+		Code    *hexutil.Bytes              `json:"code,omitempty"`
-		Storage    map[storageJSON]storageJSON `json:"storage,omitempty"`
+		Storage map[storageJSON]storageJSON `json:"storage,omitempty"`
-		Balance    *math.HexOrDecimal256       `json:"balance" gencodec:"required"`
+		Balance *math.HexOrDecimal256       `json:"balance" gencodec:"required"`
-		Nonce      *math.HexOrDecimal64        `json:"nonce,omitempty"`
+		Nonce   *math.HexOrDecimal64        `json:"nonce,omitempty"`
-		PrivateKey *hexutil.Bytes              `json:"secretKey,omitempty"`
 	}
 	var dec Account
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(input, &dec); err != nil {
@@ -66,8 +63,5 @@ func (a *Account) UnmarshalJSON(input []byte) error {
 	if dec.Nonce != nil {
 		a.Nonce = uint64(*dec.Nonce)
 	}
-	if dec.PrivateKey != nil {
-		a.PrivateKey = *dec.PrivateKey
-	}
 	return nil
 }

core/types/hashing.go

@@ -25,12 +25,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
-	"golang.org/x/crypto/sha3"
 )
 
 // hasherPool holds LegacyKeccak256 hashers for rlpHash.
 var hasherPool = sync.Pool{
-	New: func() interface{} { return sha3.NewLegacyKeccak256() },
+	New: func() interface{} { return crypto.NewKeccakState() },
 }
 
 // encodeBufferPool holds temporary encoder buffers for DeriveSha and TX encoding.

core/types/receipt.go

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
 )
@@ -258,7 +259,7 @@ func (r *Receipt) Size() common.StorageSize {
 }
 
 // ReceiptForStorage is a wrapper around a Receipt with RLP serialization
-// that omits the Bloom field and deserialization that re-computes it.
+// that omits the Bloom field. The Bloom field is recomputed by DeriveFields.
 type ReceiptForStorage Receipt
 
 // EncodeRLP implements rlp.Encoder, and flattens all content fields of a receipt
@@ -291,7 +292,6 @@ func (r *ReceiptForStorage) DecodeRLP(s *rlp.Stream) error {
 	}
 	r.CumulativeGasUsed = stored.CumulativeGasUsed
 	r.Logs = stored.Logs
-	r.Bloom = CreateBloom((*Receipt)(r))
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -372,6 +372,26 @@ func (rs Receipts) DeriveFields(config *params.ChainConfig, hash common.Hash, nu
 			rs[i].Logs[j].Index = logIndex
 			logIndex++
 		}
+		// also derive the Bloom if not derived yet
+		rs[i].Bloom = CreateBloom(rs[i])
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
+// EncodeBlockReceiptLists encodes a list of block receipt lists into RLP.
+func EncodeBlockReceiptLists(receipts []Receipts) []rlp.RawValue {
+	var storageReceipts []*ReceiptForStorage
+	result := make([]rlp.RawValue, len(receipts))
+	for i, receipt := range receipts {
+		storageReceipts = storageReceipts[:0]
+		for _, r := range receipt {
+			storageReceipts = append(storageReceipts, (*ReceiptForStorage)(r))
+		}
+		bytes, err := rlp.EncodeToBytes(storageReceipts)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Crit("Failed to encode block receipts", "err", err)
+		}
+		result[i] = bytes
+	}
+	return result
+}

core/types/receipt_test.go

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"math"
 	"math/big"
 	"reflect"
+	"sync"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
@@ -154,148 +155,161 @@ var (
 	blockNumber = big.NewInt(1)
 	blockTime   = uint64(2)
 	blockHash   = common.BytesToHash([]byte{0x03, 0x14})
-
-	// Create the corresponding receipts
-	receipts = Receipts{
-		&Receipt{
-			Status:            ReceiptStatusFailed,
-			CumulativeGasUsed: 1,
-			Logs: []*Log{
-				{
-					Address: common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x11}),
-					Topics:  []common.Hash{common.HexToHash("dead"), common.HexToHash("beef")},
-					// derived fields:
-					BlockNumber: blockNumber.Uint64(),
-					TxHash:      txs[0].Hash(),
-					TxIndex:     0,
-					BlockHash:   blockHash,
-					Index:       0,
-				},
-				{
-					Address: common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x01, 0x11}),
-					Topics:  []common.Hash{common.HexToHash("dead"), common.HexToHash("beef")},
-					// derived fields:
-					BlockNumber: blockNumber.Uint64(),
-					TxHash:      txs[0].Hash(),
-					TxIndex:     0,
-					BlockHash:   blockHash,
-					Index:       1,
-				},
-			},
-			// derived fields:
-			TxHash:            txs[0].Hash(),
-			ContractAddress:   common.HexToAddress("0x5a443704dd4b594b382c22a083e2bd3090a6fef3"),
-			GasUsed:           1,
-			EffectiveGasPrice: big.NewInt(11),
-			BlockHash:         blockHash,
-			BlockNumber:       blockNumber,
-			TransactionIndex:  0,
-		},
-		&Receipt{
-			PostState:         common.Hash{2}.Bytes(),
-			CumulativeGasUsed: 3,
-			Logs: []*Log{
-				{
-					Address: common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x22}),
-					Topics:  []common.Hash{common.HexToHash("dead"), common.HexToHash("beef")},
-					// derived fields:
-					BlockNumber: blockNumber.Uint64(),
-					TxHash:      txs[1].Hash(),
-					TxIndex:     1,
-					BlockHash:   blockHash,
-					Index:       2,
-				},
-				{
-					Address: common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x02, 0x22}),
-					Topics:  []common.Hash{common.HexToHash("dead"), common.HexToHash("beef")},
-					// derived fields:
-					BlockNumber: blockNumber.Uint64(),
-					TxHash:      txs[1].Hash(),
-					TxIndex:     1,
-					BlockHash:   blockHash,
-					Index:       3,
-				},
-			},
-			// derived fields:
-			TxHash:            txs[1].Hash(),
-			GasUsed:           2,
-			EffectiveGasPrice: big.NewInt(22),
-			BlockHash:         blockHash,
-			BlockNumber:       blockNumber,
-			TransactionIndex:  1,
-		},
-		&Receipt{
-			Type:              AccessListTxType,
-			PostState:         common.Hash{3}.Bytes(),
-			CumulativeGasUsed: 6,
-			Logs:              []*Log{},
-			// derived fields:
-			TxHash:            txs[2].Hash(),
-			GasUsed:           3,
-			EffectiveGasPrice: big.NewInt(33),
-			BlockHash:         blockHash,
-			BlockNumber:       blockNumber,
-			TransactionIndex:  2,
-		},
-		&Receipt{
-			Type:              DynamicFeeTxType,
-			PostState:         common.Hash{4}.Bytes(),
-			CumulativeGasUsed: 10,
-			Logs:              []*Log{},
-			// derived fields:
-			TxHash:            txs[3].Hash(),
-			GasUsed:           4,
-			EffectiveGasPrice: big.NewInt(1044),
-			BlockHash:         blockHash,
-			BlockNumber:       blockNumber,
-			TransactionIndex:  3,
-		},
-		&Receipt{
-			Type:              DynamicFeeTxType,
-			PostState:         common.Hash{5}.Bytes(),
-			CumulativeGasUsed: 15,
-			Logs:              []*Log{},
-			// derived fields:
-			TxHash:            txs[4].Hash(),
-			GasUsed:           5,
-			EffectiveGasPrice: big.NewInt(1055),
-			BlockHash:         blockHash,
-			BlockNumber:       blockNumber,
-			TransactionIndex:  4,
-		},
-		&Receipt{
-			Type:              BlobTxType,
-			PostState:         common.Hash{6}.Bytes(),
-			CumulativeGasUsed: 21,
-			Logs:              []*Log{},
-			// derived fields:
-			TxHash:            txs[5].Hash(),
-			GasUsed:           6,
-			EffectiveGasPrice: big.NewInt(1066),
-			BlobGasUsed:       params.BlobTxBlobGasPerBlob,
-			BlobGasPrice:      big.NewInt(920),
-			BlockHash:         blockHash,
-			BlockNumber:       blockNumber,
-			TransactionIndex:  5,
-		},
-		&Receipt{
-			Type:              BlobTxType,
-			PostState:         common.Hash{7}.Bytes(),
-			CumulativeGasUsed: 28,
-			Logs:              []*Log{},
-			// derived fields:
-			TxHash:            txs[6].Hash(),
-			GasUsed:           7,
-			EffectiveGasPrice: big.NewInt(1077),
-			BlobGasUsed:       3 * params.BlobTxBlobGasPerBlob,
-			BlobGasPrice:      big.NewInt(920),
-			BlockHash:         blockHash,
-			BlockNumber:       blockNumber,
-			TransactionIndex:  6,
-		},
-	}
 )
 
+var receiptsOnce sync.Once
+var testReceipts Receipts
+
+func getTestReceipts() Receipts {
+	// Compute the blooms only once
+	receiptsOnce.Do(func() {
+		// Create the corresponding receipts
+		r := Receipts{
+			&Receipt{
+				Status:            ReceiptStatusFailed,
+				CumulativeGasUsed: 1,
+				Logs: []*Log{
+					{
+						Address: common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x11}),
+						Topics:  []common.Hash{common.HexToHash("dead"), common.HexToHash("beef")},
+						// derived fields:
+						BlockNumber: blockNumber.Uint64(),
+						TxHash:      txs[0].Hash(),
+						TxIndex:     0,
+						BlockHash:   blockHash,
+						Index:       0,
+					},
+					{
+						Address: common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x01, 0x11}),
+						Topics:  []common.Hash{common.HexToHash("dead"), common.HexToHash("beef")},
+						// derived fields:
+						BlockNumber: blockNumber.Uint64(),
+						TxHash:      txs[0].Hash(),
+						TxIndex:     0,
+						BlockHash:   blockHash,
+						Index:       1,
+					},
+				},
+				// derived fields:
+				TxHash:            txs[0].Hash(),
+				ContractAddress:   common.HexToAddress("0x5a443704dd4b594b382c22a083e2bd3090a6fef3"),
+				GasUsed:           1,
+				EffectiveGasPrice: big.NewInt(11),
+				BlockHash:         blockHash,
+				BlockNumber:       blockNumber,
+				TransactionIndex:  0,
+			},
+			&Receipt{
+				PostState:         common.Hash{2}.Bytes(),
+				CumulativeGasUsed: 3,
+				Logs: []*Log{
+					{
+						Address: common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x22}),
+						Topics:  []common.Hash{common.HexToHash("dead"), common.HexToHash("beef")},
+						// derived fields:
+						BlockNumber: blockNumber.Uint64(),
+						TxHash:      txs[1].Hash(),
+						TxIndex:     1,
+						BlockHash:   blockHash,
+						Index:       2,
+					},
+					{
+						Address: common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x02, 0x22}),
+						Topics:  []common.Hash{common.HexToHash("dead"), common.HexToHash("beef")},
+						// derived fields:
+						BlockNumber: blockNumber.Uint64(),
+						TxHash:      txs[1].Hash(),
+						TxIndex:     1,
+						BlockHash:   blockHash,
+						Index:       3,
+					},
+				},
+				// derived fields:
+				TxHash:            txs[1].Hash(),
+				GasUsed:           2,
+				EffectiveGasPrice: big.NewInt(22),
+				BlockHash:         blockHash,
+				BlockNumber:       blockNumber,
+				TransactionIndex:  1,
+			},
+			&Receipt{
+				Type:              AccessListTxType,
+				PostState:         common.Hash{3}.Bytes(),
+				CumulativeGasUsed: 6,
+				Logs:              []*Log{},
+				// derived fields:
+				TxHash:            txs[2].Hash(),
+				GasUsed:           3,
+				EffectiveGasPrice: big.NewInt(33),
+				BlockHash:         blockHash,
+				BlockNumber:       blockNumber,
+				TransactionIndex:  2,
+			},
+			&Receipt{
+				Type:              DynamicFeeTxType,
+				PostState:         common.Hash{4}.Bytes(),
+				CumulativeGasUsed: 10,
+				Logs:              []*Log{},
+				// derived fields:
+				TxHash:            txs[3].Hash(),
+				GasUsed:           4,
+				EffectiveGasPrice: big.NewInt(1044),
+				BlockHash:         blockHash,
+				BlockNumber:       blockNumber,
+				TransactionIndex:  3,
+			},
+			&Receipt{
+				Type:              DynamicFeeTxType,
+				PostState:         common.Hash{5}.Bytes(),
+				CumulativeGasUsed: 15,
+				Logs:              []*Log{},
+				// derived fields:
+				TxHash:            txs[4].Hash(),
+				GasUsed:           5,
+				EffectiveGasPrice: big.NewInt(1055),
+				BlockHash:         blockHash,
+				BlockNumber:       blockNumber,
+				TransactionIndex:  4,
+			},
+			&Receipt{
+				Type:              BlobTxType,
+				PostState:         common.Hash{6}.Bytes(),
+				CumulativeGasUsed: 21,
+				Logs:              []*Log{},
+				// derived fields:
+				TxHash:            txs[5].Hash(),
+				GasUsed:           6,
+				EffectiveGasPrice: big.NewInt(1066),
+				BlobGasUsed:       params.BlobTxBlobGasPerBlob,
+				BlobGasPrice:      big.NewInt(920),
+				BlockHash:         blockHash,
+				BlockNumber:       blockNumber,
+				TransactionIndex:  5,
+			},
+			&Receipt{
+				Type:              BlobTxType,
+				PostState:         common.Hash{7}.Bytes(),
+				CumulativeGasUsed: 28,
+				Logs:              []*Log{},
+				// derived fields:
+				TxHash:            txs[6].Hash(),
+				GasUsed:           7,
+				EffectiveGasPrice: big.NewInt(1077),
+				BlobGasUsed:       3 * params.BlobTxBlobGasPerBlob,
+				BlobGasPrice:      big.NewInt(920),
+				BlockHash:         blockHash,
+				BlockNumber:       blockNumber,
+				TransactionIndex:  6,
+			},
+		}
+		for _, receipt := range r {
+			receipt.Bloom = CreateBloom(receipt)
+		}
+		testReceipts = r
+	})
+	return testReceipts
+}
+
 func TestDecodeEmptyTypedReceipt(t *testing.T) {
 	input := []byte{0x80}
 	var r Receipt
@@ -310,6 +324,7 @@ func TestDeriveFields(t *testing.T) {
 	// Re-derive receipts.
 	basefee := big.NewInt(1000)
 	blobGasPrice := big.NewInt(920)
+	receipts := getTestReceipts()
 	derivedReceipts := clearComputedFieldsOnReceipts(receipts)
 	err := Receipts(derivedReceipts).DeriveFields(params.TestChainConfig, blockHash, blockNumber.Uint64(), blockTime, basefee, blobGasPrice, txs)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -335,6 +350,7 @@ func TestDeriveFields(t *testing.T) {
 // Test that we can marshal/unmarshal receipts to/from json without errors.
 // This also confirms that our test receipts contain all the required fields.
 func TestReceiptJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	receipts := getTestReceipts()
 	for i := range receipts {
 		b, err := receipts[i].MarshalJSON()
 		if err != nil {
@@ -351,6 +367,7 @@ func TestReceiptJSON(t *testing.T) {
 // Test we can still parse receipt without EffectiveGasPrice for backwards compatibility, even
 // though it is required per the spec.
 func TestEffectiveGasPriceNotRequired(t *testing.T) {
+	receipts := getTestReceipts()
 	r := *receipts[0]
 	r.EffectiveGasPrice = nil
 	b, err := r.MarshalJSON()
@@ -511,6 +528,7 @@ func clearComputedFieldsOnReceipt(receipt *Receipt) *Receipt {
 	cpy.EffectiveGasPrice = big.NewInt(0)
 	cpy.BlobGasUsed = 0
 	cpy.BlobGasPrice = nil
+	cpy.Bloom = CreateBloom(&cpy)
 	return &cpy
 }
 

core/types/transaction.go

@@ -355,28 +355,31 @@ func (tx *Transaction) GasTipCapIntCmp(other *big.Int) int {
 // Note: if the effective gasTipCap is negative, this method returns both error
 // the actual negative value, _and_ ErrGasFeeCapTooLow
 func (tx *Transaction) EffectiveGasTip(baseFee *big.Int) (*big.Int, error) {
+	dst := new(big.Int)
+	err := tx.calcEffectiveGasTip(dst, baseFee)
+	return dst, err
+}
+
+// calcEffectiveGasTip calculates the effective gas tip of the transaction and
+// saves the result to dst.
+func (tx *Transaction) calcEffectiveGasTip(dst *big.Int, baseFee *big.Int) error {
 	if baseFee == nil {
-		return tx.GasTipCap(), nil
+		dst.Set(tx.inner.gasTipCap())
+		return nil
 	}
+
 	var err error
-	gasFeeCap := tx.GasFeeCap()
+	gasFeeCap := tx.inner.gasFeeCap()
 	if gasFeeCap.Cmp(baseFee) < 0 {
 		err = ErrGasFeeCapTooLow
 	}
-	gasFeeCap = gasFeeCap.Sub(gasFeeCap, baseFee)
 
-	gasTipCap := tx.GasTipCap()
+	dst.Sub(gasFeeCap, baseFee)
-	if gasTipCap.Cmp(gasFeeCap) < 0 {
+	gasTipCap := tx.inner.gasTipCap()
-		return gasTipCap, err
+	if gasTipCap.Cmp(dst) < 0 {
+		dst.Set(gasTipCap)
 	}
-	return gasFeeCap, err
+	return err
-}
-
-// EffectiveGasTipValue is identical to EffectiveGasTip, but does not return an
-// error in case the effective gasTipCap is negative
-func (tx *Transaction) EffectiveGasTipValue(baseFee *big.Int) *big.Int {
-	effectiveTip, _ := tx.EffectiveGasTip(baseFee)
-	return effectiveTip
 }
 
 // EffectiveGasTipCmp compares the effective gasTipCap of two transactions assuming the given base fee.
@@ -384,7 +387,11 @@ func (tx *Transaction) EffectiveGasTipCmp(other *Transaction, baseFee *big.Int)
 	if baseFee == nil {
 		return tx.GasTipCapCmp(other)
 	}
-	return tx.EffectiveGasTipValue(baseFee).Cmp(other.EffectiveGasTipValue(baseFee))
+	// Use more efficient internal method.
+	txTip, otherTip := new(big.Int), new(big.Int)
+	tx.calcEffectiveGasTip(txTip, baseFee)
+	other.calcEffectiveGasTip(otherTip, baseFee)
+	return txTip.Cmp(otherTip)
 }
 
 // EffectiveGasTipIntCmp compares the effective gasTipCap of a transaction to the given gasTipCap.
@@ -392,7 +399,9 @@ func (tx *Transaction) EffectiveGasTipIntCmp(other *big.Int, baseFee *big.Int) i
 	if baseFee == nil {
 		return tx.GasTipCapIntCmp(other)
 	}
-	return tx.EffectiveGasTipValue(baseFee).Cmp(other)
+	txTip := new(big.Int)
+	tx.calcEffectiveGasTip(txTip, baseFee)
+	return txTip.Cmp(other)
 }
 
 // BlobGas returns the blob gas limit of the transaction for blob transactions, 0 otherwise.

core/types/transaction_test.go

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
 )
 
@@ -593,3 +594,101 @@ func BenchmarkHash(b *testing.B) {
 		signer.Hash(tx)
 	}
 }
+
+func BenchmarkEffectiveGasTip(b *testing.B) {
+	signer := LatestSigner(params.TestChainConfig)
+	key, _ := crypto.GenerateKey()
+	txdata := &DynamicFeeTx{
+		ChainID:   big.NewInt(1),
+		Nonce:     0,
+		GasTipCap: big.NewInt(2000000000),
+		GasFeeCap: big.NewInt(3000000000),
+		Gas:       21000,
+		To:        &common.Address{},
+		Value:     big.NewInt(0),
+		Data:      nil,
+	}
+	tx, _ := SignNewTx(key, signer, txdata)
+	baseFee := big.NewInt(1000000000) // 1 gwei
+
+	b.Run("Original", func(b *testing.B) {
+		b.ReportAllocs()
+		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+			_, err := tx.EffectiveGasTip(baseFee)
+			if err != nil {
+				b.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+
+	b.Run("IntoMethod", func(b *testing.B) {
+		b.ReportAllocs()
+		dst := new(big.Int)
+		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+			err := tx.calcEffectiveGasTip(dst, baseFee)
+			if err != nil {
+				b.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestEffectiveGasTipInto(t *testing.T) {
+	signer := LatestSigner(params.TestChainConfig)
+	key, _ := crypto.GenerateKey()
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		tipCap  int64
+		feeCap  int64
+		baseFee *int64
+	}{
+		{tipCap: 1, feeCap: 100, baseFee: intPtr(50)},
+		{tipCap: 10, feeCap: 100, baseFee: intPtr(50)},
+		{tipCap: 50, feeCap: 100, baseFee: intPtr(50)},
+		{tipCap: 100, feeCap: 100, baseFee: intPtr(50)},
+		{tipCap: 1, feeCap: 50, baseFee: intPtr(50)},
+		{tipCap: 1, feeCap: 20, baseFee: intPtr(50)}, // Base fee higher than fee cap
+		{tipCap: 50, feeCap: 100, baseFee: intPtr(0)},
+		{tipCap: 50, feeCap: 100, baseFee: nil}, // nil base fee
+	}
+
+	for i, tc := range testCases {
+		txdata := &DynamicFeeTx{
+			ChainID:   big.NewInt(1),
+			Nonce:     0,
+			GasTipCap: big.NewInt(tc.tipCap),
+			GasFeeCap: big.NewInt(tc.feeCap),
+			Gas:       21000,
+			To:        &common.Address{},
+			Value:     big.NewInt(0),
+			Data:      nil,
+		}
+		tx, _ := SignNewTx(key, signer, txdata)
+
+		var baseFee *big.Int
+		if tc.baseFee != nil {
+			baseFee = big.NewInt(*tc.baseFee)
+		}
+
+		// Get result from original method
+		orig, origErr := tx.EffectiveGasTip(baseFee)
+
+		// Get result from new method
+		dst := new(big.Int)
+		newErr := tx.calcEffectiveGasTip(dst, baseFee)
+
+		// Compare results
+		if (origErr != nil) != (newErr != nil) {
+			t.Fatalf("case %d: error mismatch: orig %v, new %v", i, origErr, newErr)
+		}
+
+		if orig.Cmp(dst) != 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("case %d: result mismatch: orig %v, new %v", i, orig, dst)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Helper function to create integer pointer
+func intPtr(i int64) *int64 {
+	return &i
+}

core/vm/contracts.go

@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ var PrecompiledContractsPrague = PrecompiledContracts{
 
 var PrecompiledContractsBLS = PrecompiledContractsPrague
 
-var PrecompiledContractsVerkle = PrecompiledContractsPrague
+var PrecompiledContractsVerkle = PrecompiledContractsBerlin
 
 var (
 	PrecompiledAddressesPrague    []common.Address

core/vm/contracts_test.go

@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ func BenchmarkPrecompiledBLS12381G1MultiExpWorstCase(b *testing.B) {
 		Name:        "WorstCaseG1",
 		NoBenchmark: false,
 	}
-	benchmarkPrecompiled("f0c", testcase, b)
+	benchmarkPrecompiled("f0b", testcase, b)
 }
 
 // BenchmarkPrecompiledBLS12381G2MultiExpWorstCase benchmarks the worst case we could find that still fits a gaslimit of 10MGas.
@@ -391,5 +391,5 @@ func BenchmarkPrecompiledBLS12381G2MultiExpWorstCase(b *testing.B) {
 		Name:        "WorstCaseG2",
 		NoBenchmark: false,
 	}
-	benchmarkPrecompiled("f0f", testcase, b)
+	benchmarkPrecompiled("f0d", testcase, b)
 }

core/vm/eips.go

@@ -339,12 +339,10 @@ func opExtCodeCopyEIP4762(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeC
 	addr := common.Address(a.Bytes20())
 	code := interpreter.evm.StateDB.GetCode(addr)
 	paddedCodeCopy, copyOffset, nonPaddedCopyLength := getDataAndAdjustedBounds(code, uint64CodeOffset, length.Uint64())
-	if !scope.Contract.IsSystemCall {
+	consumed, wanted := interpreter.evm.AccessEvents.CodeChunksRangeGas(addr, copyOffset, nonPaddedCopyLength, uint64(len(code)), false, scope.Contract.Gas)
-		statelessGas := interpreter.evm.AccessEvents.CodeChunksRangeGas(addr, copyOffset, nonPaddedCopyLength, uint64(len(code)), false)
+	scope.Contract.UseGas(consumed, interpreter.evm.Config.Tracer, tracing.GasChangeUnspecified)
-		if !scope.Contract.UseGas(statelessGas, interpreter.evm.Config.Tracer, tracing.GasChangeUnspecified) {
+	if consumed < wanted {
-			scope.Contract.Gas = 0
+		return nil, ErrOutOfGas
-			return nil, ErrOutOfGas
-		}
 	}
 	scope.Memory.Set(memOffset.Uint64(), length.Uint64(), paddedCodeCopy)
 
@@ -367,9 +365,9 @@ func opPush1EIP4762(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext
 			// touch next chunk if PUSH1 is at the boundary. if so, *pc has
 			// advanced past this boundary.
 			contractAddr := scope.Contract.Address()
-			statelessGas := interpreter.evm.AccessEvents.CodeChunksRangeGas(contractAddr, *pc+1, uint64(1), uint64(len(scope.Contract.Code)), false)
+			consumed, wanted := interpreter.evm.AccessEvents.CodeChunksRangeGas(contractAddr, *pc+1, uint64(1), uint64(len(scope.Contract.Code)), false, scope.Contract.Gas)
-			if !scope.Contract.UseGas(statelessGas, interpreter.evm.Config.Tracer, tracing.GasChangeUnspecified) {
+			scope.Contract.UseGas(wanted, interpreter.evm.Config.Tracer, tracing.GasChangeUnspecified)
-				scope.Contract.Gas = 0
+			if consumed < wanted {
 				return nil, ErrOutOfGas
 			}
 		}
@@ -395,9 +393,9 @@ func makePushEIP4762(size uint64, pushByteSize int) executionFunc {
 
 		if !scope.Contract.IsDeployment && !scope.Contract.IsSystemCall {
 			contractAddr := scope.Contract.Address()
-			statelessGas := interpreter.evm.AccessEvents.CodeChunksRangeGas(contractAddr, uint64(start), uint64(pushByteSize), uint64(len(scope.Contract.Code)), false)
+			consumed, wanted := interpreter.evm.AccessEvents.CodeChunksRangeGas(contractAddr, uint64(start), uint64(pushByteSize), uint64(len(scope.Contract.Code)), false, scope.Contract.Gas)
-			if !scope.Contract.UseGas(statelessGas, interpreter.evm.Config.Tracer, tracing.GasChangeUnspecified) {
+			scope.Contract.UseGas(consumed, interpreter.evm.Config.Tracer, tracing.GasChangeUnspecified)
-				scope.Contract.Gas = 0
+			if consumed < wanted {
 				return nil, ErrOutOfGas
 			}
 		}

core/vm/evm.go

@@ -206,8 +206,14 @@ func (evm *EVM) Call(caller common.Address, addr common.Address, input []byte, g
 
 	if !evm.StateDB.Exist(addr) {
 		if !isPrecompile && evm.chainRules.IsEIP4762 && !isSystemCall(caller) {
-			// add proof of absence to witness
+			// Add proof of absence to witness
-			wgas := evm.AccessEvents.AddAccount(addr, false)
+			// At this point, the read costs have already been charged, either because this
+			// is a direct tx call, in which case it's covered by the intrinsic gas, or because
+			// of a CALL instruction, in which case BASIC_DATA has been added to the access
+			// list in write mode. If there is enough gas paying for the addition of the code
+			// hash leaf to the access list, then account creation will proceed unimpaired.
+			// Thus, only pay for the creation of the code hash leaf here.
+			wgas := evm.AccessEvents.CodeHashGas(addr, true, gas, false)
 			if gas < wgas {
 				evm.StateDB.RevertToSnapshot(snapshot)
 				return nil, 0, ErrOutOfGas
@@ -433,7 +439,7 @@ func (evm *EVM) create(caller common.Address, code []byte, gas uint64, value *ui
 
 	// Charge the contract creation init gas in verkle mode
 	if evm.chainRules.IsEIP4762 {
-		statelessGas := evm.AccessEvents.ContractCreatePreCheckGas(address)
+		statelessGas := evm.AccessEvents.ContractCreatePreCheckGas(address, gas)
 		if statelessGas > gas {
 			return nil, common.Address{}, 0, ErrOutOfGas
 		}
@@ -481,14 +487,14 @@ func (evm *EVM) create(caller common.Address, code []byte, gas uint64, value *ui
 	}
 	// Charge the contract creation init gas in verkle mode
 	if evm.chainRules.IsEIP4762 {
-		statelessGas := evm.AccessEvents.ContractCreateInitGas(address)
+		consumed, wanted := evm.AccessEvents.ContractCreateInitGas(address, gas)
-		if statelessGas > gas {
+		if consumed < wanted {
 			return nil, common.Address{}, 0, ErrOutOfGas
 		}
 		if evm.Config.Tracer != nil && evm.Config.Tracer.OnGasChange != nil {
-			evm.Config.Tracer.OnGasChange(gas, gas-statelessGas, tracing.GasChangeWitnessContractInit)
+			evm.Config.Tracer.OnGasChange(gas, gas-consumed, tracing.GasChangeWitnessContractInit)
 		}
-		gas = gas - statelessGas
+		gas = gas - consumed
 	}
 	evm.Context.Transfer(evm.StateDB, caller, address, value)
 
@@ -535,7 +541,9 @@ func (evm *EVM) initNewContract(contract *Contract, address common.Address) ([]b
 			return ret, ErrCodeStoreOutOfGas
 		}
 	} else {
-		if len(ret) > 0 && !contract.UseGas(evm.AccessEvents.CodeChunksRangeGas(address, 0, uint64(len(ret)), uint64(len(ret)), true), evm.Config.Tracer, tracing.GasChangeWitnessCodeChunk) {
+		consumed, wanted := evm.AccessEvents.CodeChunksRangeGas(address, 0, uint64(len(ret)), uint64(len(ret)), true, contract.Gas)
+		contract.UseGas(consumed, evm.Config.Tracer, tracing.GasChangeWitnessCodeChunk)
+		if len(ret) > 0 && (consumed < wanted) {
 			return ret, ErrCodeStoreOutOfGas
 		}
 	}
@@ -555,7 +563,8 @@ func (evm *EVM) Create(caller common.Address, code []byte, gas uint64, value *ui
 // The different between Create2 with Create is Create2 uses keccak256(0xff ++ msg.sender ++ salt ++ keccak256(init_code))[12:]
 // instead of the usual sender-and-nonce-hash as the address where the contract is initialized at.
 func (evm *EVM) Create2(caller common.Address, code []byte, gas uint64, endowment *uint256.Int, salt *uint256.Int) (ret []byte, contractAddr common.Address, leftOverGas uint64, err error) {
-	contractAddr = crypto.CreateAddress2(caller, salt.Bytes32(), crypto.Keccak256(code))
+	inithash := crypto.HashData(evm.interpreter.hasher, code)
+	contractAddr = crypto.CreateAddress2(caller, salt.Bytes32(), inithash[:])
 	return evm.create(caller, code, gas, endowment, contractAddr, CREATE2)
 }
 

core/vm/gas_table.go

@@ -394,14 +394,7 @@ func gasCall(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize
 	if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, memoryGas); overflow {
 		return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
 	}
-	if evm.chainRules.IsEIP4762 && !contract.IsSystemCall {
+
-		if transfersValue {
-			gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, evm.AccessEvents.ValueTransferGas(contract.Address(), address))
-			if overflow {
-				return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
-			}
-		}
-	}
 	evm.callGasTemp, err = callGas(evm.chainRules.IsEIP150, contract.Gas, gas, stack.Back(0))
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, err
@@ -428,16 +421,6 @@ func gasCallCode(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memory
 	if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, memoryGas); overflow {
 		return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
 	}
-	if evm.chainRules.IsEIP4762 && !contract.IsSystemCall {
-		address := common.Address(stack.Back(1).Bytes20())
-		transfersValue := !stack.Back(2).IsZero()
-		if transfersValue {
-			gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, evm.AccessEvents.ValueTransferGas(contract.Address(), address))
-			if overflow {
-				return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
-			}
-		}
-	}
 	evm.callGasTemp, err = callGas(evm.chainRules.IsEIP150, contract.Gas, gas, stack.Back(0))
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, err

core/vm/instructions.go

@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/tracing"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/holiman/uint256"
 )
@@ -234,11 +233,7 @@ func opKeccak256(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) (
 	offset, size := scope.Stack.pop(), scope.Stack.peek()
 	data := scope.Memory.GetPtr(offset.Uint64(), size.Uint64())
 
-	if interpreter.hasher == nil {
+	interpreter.hasher.Reset()
-		interpreter.hasher = crypto.NewKeccakState()
-	} else {
-		interpreter.hasher.Reset()
-	}
 	interpreter.hasher.Write(data)
 	interpreter.hasher.Read(interpreter.hasherBuf[:])
 

core/vm/interface.go

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ type StateDB interface {
 	SelfDestruct6780(common.Address) (uint256.Int, bool)
 
 	// Exist reports whether the given account exists in state.
-	// Notably this should also return true for self-destructed accounts.
+	// Notably this also returns true for self-destructed accounts within the current transaction.
 	Exist(common.Address) bool
 	// Empty returns whether the given account is empty. Empty
 	// is defined according to EIP161 (balance = nonce = code = 0).

core/vm/interpreter.go

@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ func NewEVMInterpreter(evm *EVM) *EVMInterpreter {
 		}
 	}
 	evm.Config.ExtraEips = extraEips
-	return &EVMInterpreter{evm: evm, table: table}
+	return &EVMInterpreter{evm: evm, table: table, hasher: crypto.NewKeccakState()}
 }
 
 // Run loops and evaluates the contract's code with the given input data and returns
@@ -237,7 +237,11 @@ func (in *EVMInterpreter) Run(contract *Contract, input []byte, readOnly bool) (
 			// if the PC ends up in a new "chunk" of verkleized code, charge the
 			// associated costs.
 			contractAddr := contract.Address()
-			contract.Gas -= in.evm.TxContext.AccessEvents.CodeChunksRangeGas(contractAddr, pc, 1, uint64(len(contract.Code)), false)
+			consumed, wanted := in.evm.TxContext.AccessEvents.CodeChunksRangeGas(contractAddr, pc, 1, uint64(len(contract.Code)), false, contract.Gas)
+			contract.UseGas(consumed, in.evm.Config.Tracer, tracing.GasChangeWitnessCodeChunk)
+			if consumed < wanted {
+				return nil, ErrOutOfGas
+			}
 		}
 
 		// Get the operation from the jump table and validate the stack to ensure there are

core/vm/jump_table.go

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ func validate(jt JumpTable) JumpTable {
 }
 
 func newVerkleInstructionSet() JumpTable {
-	instructionSet := newCancunInstructionSet()
+	instructionSet := newShanghaiInstructionSet()
 	enable4762(&instructionSet)
 	return validate(instructionSet)
 }

core/vm/operations_verkle.go

@@ -25,31 +25,16 @@ import (
 )
 
 func gasSStore4762(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
-	gas := evm.AccessEvents.SlotGas(contract.Address(), stack.peek().Bytes32(), true)
+	return evm.AccessEvents.SlotGas(contract.Address(), stack.peek().Bytes32(), true, contract.Gas, true), nil
-	if gas == 0 {
-		gas = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
-	}
-	return gas, nil
 }
 
 func gasSLoad4762(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
-	gas := evm.AccessEvents.SlotGas(contract.Address(), stack.peek().Bytes32(), false)
+	return evm.AccessEvents.SlotGas(contract.Address(), stack.peek().Bytes32(), false, contract.Gas, true), nil
-	if gas == 0 {
-		gas = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
-	}
-	return gas, nil
 }
 
 func gasBalance4762(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
-	if contract.IsSystemCall {
-		return 0, nil
-	}
 	address := stack.peek().Bytes20()
-	gas := evm.AccessEvents.BasicDataGas(address, false)
+	return evm.AccessEvents.BasicDataGas(address, false, contract.Gas, true), nil
-	if gas == 0 {
-		gas = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
-	}
-	return gas, nil
 }
 
 func gasExtCodeSize4762(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
@@ -57,56 +42,69 @@ func gasExtCodeSize4762(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory,
 	if _, isPrecompile := evm.precompile(address); isPrecompile {
 		return 0, nil
 	}
-	if contract.IsSystemCall {
+	return evm.AccessEvents.BasicDataGas(address, false, contract.Gas, true), nil
-		return 0, nil
-	}
-	gas := evm.AccessEvents.BasicDataGas(address, false)
-	if gas == 0 {
-		gas = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
-	}
-	return gas, nil
 }
 
 func gasExtCodeHash4762(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
-	if contract.IsSystemCall {
-		return 0, nil
-	}
 	address := stack.peek().Bytes20()
 	if _, isPrecompile := evm.precompile(address); isPrecompile {
 		return 0, nil
 	}
-	gas := evm.AccessEvents.CodeHashGas(address, false)
+	return evm.AccessEvents.CodeHashGas(address, false, contract.Gas, true), nil
-	if gas == 0 {
-		gas = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
-	}
-	return gas, nil
 }
 
-func makeCallVariantGasEIP4762(oldCalculator gasFunc) gasFunc {
+func makeCallVariantGasEIP4762(oldCalculator gasFunc, withTransferCosts bool) gasFunc {
 	return func(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
-		gas, err := oldCalculator(evm, contract, stack, mem, memorySize)
+		var (
-		if err != nil {
+			target           = common.Address(stack.Back(1).Bytes20())
-			return 0, err
+			witnessGas       uint64
-		}
+			_, isPrecompile  = evm.precompile(target)
-		if contract.IsSystemCall {
+			isSystemContract = target == params.HistoryStorageAddress
-			return gas, nil
+		)
-		}
+
-		if _, isPrecompile := evm.precompile(contract.Address()); isPrecompile {
+		// If value is transferred, it is charged before 1/64th
-			return gas, nil
+		// is subtracted from the available gas pool.
-		}
+		if withTransferCosts && !stack.Back(2).IsZero() {
-		witnessGas := evm.AccessEvents.MessageCallGas(contract.Address())
+			wantedValueTransferWitnessGas := evm.AccessEvents.ValueTransferGas(contract.Address(), target, contract.Gas)
-		if witnessGas == 0 {
+			if wantedValueTransferWitnessGas > contract.Gas {
+				return wantedValueTransferWitnessGas, nil
+			}
+			witnessGas = wantedValueTransferWitnessGas
+		} else if isPrecompile || isSystemContract {
 			witnessGas = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
+		} else {
+			// The charging for the value transfer is done BEFORE subtracting
+			// the 1/64th gas, as this is considered part of the CALL instruction.
+			// (so before we get to this point)
+			// But the message call is part of the subcall, for which only 63/64th
+			// of the gas should be available.
+			wantedMessageCallWitnessGas := evm.AccessEvents.MessageCallGas(target, contract.Gas-witnessGas)
+			var overflow bool
+			if witnessGas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(witnessGas, wantedMessageCallWitnessGas); overflow {
+				return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
+			}
+			if witnessGas > contract.Gas {
+				return witnessGas, nil
+			}
 		}
-		return witnessGas + gas, nil
+
+		contract.Gas -= witnessGas
+		// if the operation fails, adds witness gas to the gas before returning the error
+		gas, err := oldCalculator(evm, contract, stack, mem, memorySize)
+		contract.Gas += witnessGas // restore witness gas so that it can be charged at the callsite
+		var overflow bool
+		if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, witnessGas); overflow {
+			return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
+		}
+		return gas, err
 	}
 }
 
 var (
-	gasCallEIP4762         = makeCallVariantGasEIP4762(gasCall)
+	gasCallEIP4762         = makeCallVariantGasEIP4762(gasCall, true)
-	gasCallCodeEIP4762     = makeCallVariantGasEIP4762(gasCallCode)
+	gasCallCodeEIP4762     = makeCallVariantGasEIP4762(gasCallCode, false)
-	gasStaticCallEIP4762   = makeCallVariantGasEIP4762(gasStaticCall)
+	gasStaticCallEIP4762   = makeCallVariantGasEIP4762(gasStaticCall, false)
-	gasDelegateCallEIP4762 = makeCallVariantGasEIP4762(gasDelegateCall)
+	gasDelegateCallEIP4762 = makeCallVariantGasEIP4762(gasDelegateCall, false)
 )
 
 func gasSelfdestructEIP4762(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
@@ -118,15 +116,44 @@ func gasSelfdestructEIP4762(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Mem
 		return 0, nil
 	}
 	contractAddr := contract.Address()
-	statelessGas := evm.AccessEvents.BasicDataGas(contractAddr, false)
+	wanted := evm.AccessEvents.BasicDataGas(contractAddr, false, contract.Gas, false)
+	if wanted > contract.Gas {
+		return wanted, nil
+	}
+	statelessGas := wanted
+	balanceIsZero := evm.StateDB.GetBalance(contractAddr).Sign() == 0
+	_, isPrecompile := evm.precompile(beneficiaryAddr)
+	isSystemContract := beneficiaryAddr == params.HistoryStorageAddress
+
+	if (isPrecompile || isSystemContract) && balanceIsZero {
+		return statelessGas, nil
+	}
+
 	if contractAddr != beneficiaryAddr {
-		statelessGas += evm.AccessEvents.BasicDataGas(beneficiaryAddr, false)
+		wanted := evm.AccessEvents.BasicDataGas(beneficiaryAddr, false, contract.Gas-statelessGas, false)
+		if wanted > contract.Gas-statelessGas {
+			return statelessGas + wanted, nil
+		}
+		statelessGas += wanted
 	}
 	// Charge write costs if it transfers value
-	if evm.StateDB.GetBalance(contractAddr).Sign() != 0 {
+	if !balanceIsZero {
-		statelessGas += evm.AccessEvents.BasicDataGas(contractAddr, true)
+		wanted := evm.AccessEvents.BasicDataGas(contractAddr, true, contract.Gas-statelessGas, false)
+		if wanted > contract.Gas-statelessGas {
+			return statelessGas + wanted, nil
+		}
+		statelessGas += wanted
+
 		if contractAddr != beneficiaryAddr {
-			statelessGas += evm.AccessEvents.BasicDataGas(beneficiaryAddr, true)
+			if evm.StateDB.Exist(beneficiaryAddr) {
+				wanted = evm.AccessEvents.BasicDataGas(beneficiaryAddr, true, contract.Gas-statelessGas, false)
+			} else {
+				wanted = evm.AccessEvents.AddAccount(beneficiaryAddr, true, contract.Gas-statelessGas)
+			}
+			if wanted > contract.Gas-statelessGas {
+				return statelessGas + wanted, nil
+			}
+			statelessGas += wanted
 		}
 	}
 	return statelessGas, nil
@@ -137,17 +164,19 @@ func gasCodeCopyEip4762(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory,
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, err
 	}
-	var (
-		codeOffset = stack.Back(1)
-		length     = stack.Back(2)
-	)
-	uint64CodeOffset, overflow := codeOffset.Uint64WithOverflow()
-	if overflow {
-		uint64CodeOffset = gomath.MaxUint64
-	}
-	_, copyOffset, nonPaddedCopyLength := getDataAndAdjustedBounds(contract.Code, uint64CodeOffset, length.Uint64())
 	if !contract.IsDeployment && !contract.IsSystemCall {
-		gas += evm.AccessEvents.CodeChunksRangeGas(contract.Address(), copyOffset, nonPaddedCopyLength, uint64(len(contract.Code)), false)
+		var (
+			codeOffset = stack.Back(1)
+			length     = stack.Back(2)
+		)
+		uint64CodeOffset, overflow := codeOffset.Uint64WithOverflow()
+		if overflow {
+			uint64CodeOffset = gomath.MaxUint64
+		}
+
+		_, copyOffset, nonPaddedCopyLength := getDataAndAdjustedBounds(contract.Code, uint64CodeOffset, length.Uint64())
+		_, wanted := evm.AccessEvents.CodeChunksRangeGas(contract.Address(), copyOffset, nonPaddedCopyLength, uint64(len(contract.Code)), false, contract.Gas-gas)
+		gas += wanted
 	}
 	return gas, nil
 }
@@ -158,16 +187,17 @@ func gasExtCodeCopyEIP4762(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memo
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, err
 	}
-	if contract.IsSystemCall {
+	addr := common.Address(stack.peek().Bytes20())
+	_, isPrecompile := evm.precompile(addr)
+	if isPrecompile || addr == params.HistoryStorageAddress {
+		var overflow bool
+		if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929); overflow {
+			return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
+		}
 		return gas, nil
 	}
-	addr := common.Address(stack.peek().Bytes20())
+	wgas := evm.AccessEvents.BasicDataGas(addr, false, contract.Gas-gas, true)
-	wgas := evm.AccessEvents.BasicDataGas(addr, false)
-	if wgas == 0 {
-		wgas = params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929
-	}
 	var overflow bool
-	// We charge (cold-warm), since 'warm' is already charged as constantGas
 	if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, wgas); overflow {
 		return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
 	}

crypto/crypto.go

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"math/big"
 	"os"
+	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/math"
@@ -73,6 +74,12 @@ func NewKeccakState() KeccakState {
 	return sha3.NewLegacyKeccak256().(KeccakState)
 }
 
+var hasherPool = sync.Pool{
+	New: func() any {
+		return sha3.NewLegacyKeccak256().(KeccakState)
+	},
+}
+
 // HashData hashes the provided data using the KeccakState and returns a 32 byte hash
 func HashData(kh KeccakState, data []byte) (h common.Hash) {
 	kh.Reset()
@@ -84,22 +91,26 @@ func HashData(kh KeccakState, data []byte) (h common.Hash) {
 // Keccak256 calculates and returns the Keccak256 hash of the input data.
 func Keccak256(data ...[]byte) []byte {
 	b := make([]byte, 32)
-	d := NewKeccakState()
+	d := hasherPool.Get().(KeccakState)
+	d.Reset()
 	for _, b := range data {
 		d.Write(b)
 	}
 	d.Read(b)
+	hasherPool.Put(d)
 	return b
 }
 
 // Keccak256Hash calculates and returns the Keccak256 hash of the input data,
 // converting it to an internal Hash data structure.
 func Keccak256Hash(data ...[]byte) (h common.Hash) {
-	d := NewKeccakState()
+	d := hasherPool.Get().(KeccakState)
+	d.Reset()
 	for _, b := range data {
 		d.Write(b)
 	}
 	d.Read(h[:])
+	hasherPool.Put(d)
 	return h
 }
 

crypto/kzg4844/kzg4844_test.go

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc/bls12-381/fr"
-	gokzg4844 "github.com/crate-crypto/go-kzg-4844"
+	gokzg4844 "github.com/crate-crypto/go-eth-kzg"
 )
 
 func randFieldElement() [32]byte {

crypto/signature_cgo.go

@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 // along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-//go:build !nacl && !js && !wasip1 && cgo && !gofuzz
+//go:build !nacl && !js && !wasip1 && cgo && !gofuzz && !tinygo
-// +build !nacl,!js,!wasip1,cgo,!gofuzz
+// +build !nacl,!js,!wasip1,cgo,!gofuzz,!tinygo
 
 package crypto
 

crypto/signature_nocgo.go

@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 // along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-//go:build nacl || js || wasip1 || !cgo || gofuzz
+//go:build nacl || js || wasip1 || !cgo || gofuzz || tinygo
-// +build nacl js wasip1 !cgo gofuzz
+// +build nacl js wasip1 !cgo gofuzz tinygo
 
 package crypto
 

eth/api_backend.go

@@ -196,7 +196,9 @@ func (b *EthAPIBackend) BlockByNumberOrHash(ctx context.Context, blockNrOrHash r
 	if hash, ok := blockNrOrHash.Hash(); ok {
 		header := b.eth.blockchain.GetHeaderByHash(hash)
 		if header == nil {
-			return nil, errors.New("header for hash not found")
+			// Return 'null' and no error if block is not found.
+			// This behavior is required by RPC spec.
+			return nil, nil
 		}
 		if blockNrOrHash.RequireCanonical && b.eth.blockchain.GetCanonicalHash(header.Number.Uint64()) != hash {
 			return nil, errors.New("hash is not currently canonical")

eth/api_backend_test.go

@@ -134,13 +134,17 @@ func TestSendTx(t *testing.T) {
 func testSendTx(t *testing.T, withLocal bool) {
 	b := initBackend(withLocal)
 
-	txA := pricedSetCodeTx(0, 250000, uint256.NewInt(params.GWei), uint256.NewInt(params.GWei), key, []unsignedAuth{
+	txA := pricedSetCodeTx(0, 250000, uint256.NewInt(params.GWei), uint256.NewInt(params.GWei), key, []unsignedAuth{{nonce: 0, key: key}})
-		{
+	if err := b.SendTx(context.Background(), txA); err != nil {
-			nonce: 0,
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to submit tx: %v", err)
-			key:   key,
+	}
-		},
+	for {
-	})
+		pending, _ := b.TxPool().ContentFrom(address)
-	b.SendTx(context.Background(), txA)
+		if len(pending) == 1 {
+			break
+		}
+		time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
 
 	txB := makeTx(1, nil, nil, key)
 	err := b.SendTx(context.Background(), txB)

eth/api_debug.go

@@ -271,26 +271,26 @@ func storageRangeAt(statedb *state.StateDB, root common.Hash, address common.Add
 //
 // With one parameter, returns the list of accounts modified in the specified block.
 func (api *DebugAPI) GetModifiedAccountsByNumber(startNum uint64, endNum *uint64) ([]common.Address, error) {
-	var startBlock, endBlock *types.Block
+	var startHeader, endHeader *types.Header
 
-	startBlock = api.eth.blockchain.GetBlockByNumber(startNum)
+	startHeader = api.eth.blockchain.GetHeaderByNumber(startNum)
-	if startBlock == nil {
+	if startHeader == nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("start block %x not found", startNum)
 	}
 
 	if endNum == nil {
-		endBlock = startBlock
+		endHeader = startHeader
-		startBlock = api.eth.blockchain.GetBlockByHash(startBlock.ParentHash())
+		startHeader = api.eth.blockchain.GetHeaderByHash(startHeader.ParentHash)
-		if startBlock == nil {
+		if startHeader == nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("block %x has no parent", endBlock.Number())
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("block %x has no parent", endHeader.Number)
 		}
 	} else {
-		endBlock = api.eth.blockchain.GetBlockByNumber(*endNum)
+		endHeader = api.eth.blockchain.GetHeaderByNumber(*endNum)
-		if endBlock == nil {
+		if endHeader == nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("end block %d not found", *endNum)
 		}
 	}
-	return api.getModifiedAccounts(startBlock, endBlock)
+	return api.getModifiedAccounts(startHeader, endHeader)
 }
 
 // GetModifiedAccountsByHash returns all accounts that have changed between the
@@ -299,38 +299,38 @@ func (api *DebugAPI) GetModifiedAccountsByNumber(startNum uint64, endNum *uint64
 //
 // With one parameter, returns the list of accounts modified in the specified block.
 func (api *DebugAPI) GetModifiedAccountsByHash(startHash common.Hash, endHash *common.Hash) ([]common.Address, error) {
-	var startBlock, endBlock *types.Block
+	var startHeader, endHeader *types.Header
-	startBlock = api.eth.blockchain.GetBlockByHash(startHash)
+	startHeader = api.eth.blockchain.GetHeaderByHash(startHash)
-	if startBlock == nil {
+	if startHeader == nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("start block %x not found", startHash)
 	}
 
 	if endHash == nil {
-		endBlock = startBlock
+		endHeader = startHeader
-		startBlock = api.eth.blockchain.GetBlockByHash(startBlock.ParentHash())
+		startHeader = api.eth.blockchain.GetHeaderByHash(startHeader.ParentHash)
-		if startBlock == nil {
+		if startHeader == nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("block %x has no parent", endBlock.Number())
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("block %x has no parent", endHeader.Number)
 		}
 	} else {
-		endBlock = api.eth.blockchain.GetBlockByHash(*endHash)
+		endHeader = api.eth.blockchain.GetHeaderByHash(*endHash)
-		if endBlock == nil {
+		if endHeader == nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("end block %x not found", *endHash)
 		}
 	}
-	return api.getModifiedAccounts(startBlock, endBlock)
+	return api.getModifiedAccounts(startHeader, endHeader)
 }
 
-func (api *DebugAPI) getModifiedAccounts(startBlock, endBlock *types.Block) ([]common.Address, error) {
+func (api *DebugAPI) getModifiedAccounts(startHeader, endHeader *types.Header) ([]common.Address, error) {
-	if startBlock.Number().Uint64() >= endBlock.Number().Uint64() {
+	if startHeader.Number.Uint64() >= endHeader.Number.Uint64() {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("start block height (%d) must be less than end block height (%d)", startBlock.Number().Uint64(), endBlock.Number().Uint64())
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("start block height (%d) must be less than end block height (%d)", startHeader.Number.Uint64(), endHeader.Number.Uint64())
 	}
 	triedb := api.eth.BlockChain().TrieDB()
 
-	oldTrie, err := trie.NewStateTrie(trie.StateTrieID(startBlock.Root()), triedb)
+	oldTrie, err := trie.NewStateTrie(trie.StateTrieID(startHeader.Root), triedb)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	newTrie, err := trie.NewStateTrie(trie.StateTrieID(endBlock.Root()), triedb)
+	newTrie, err := trie.NewStateTrie(trie.StateTrieID(endHeader.Root), triedb)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}

eth/api_debug_test.go

@@ -18,25 +18,74 @@ package eth
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"crypto/ecdsa"
 	"fmt"
+	"math/big"
 	"reflect"
 	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/davecgh/go-spew/spew"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/ethash"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/tracing"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/triedb"
 	"github.com/holiman/uint256"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )
 
 var dumper = spew.ConfigState{Indent: "    "}
 
+type Account struct {
+	key  *ecdsa.PrivateKey
+	addr common.Address
+}
+
+func newAccounts(n int) (accounts []Account) {
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		key, _ := crypto.GenerateKey()
+		addr := crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key.PublicKey)
+		accounts = append(accounts, Account{key: key, addr: addr})
+	}
+	slices.SortFunc(accounts, func(a, b Account) int { return a.addr.Cmp(b.addr) })
+	return accounts
+}
+
+// newTestBlockChain creates a new test blockchain. OBS: After test is done, teardown must be
+// invoked in order to release associated resources.
+func newTestBlockChain(t *testing.T, n int, gspec *core.Genesis, generator func(i int, b *core.BlockGen)) *core.BlockChain {
+	engine := ethash.NewFaker()
+	// Generate blocks for testing
+	_, blocks, _ := core.GenerateChainWithGenesis(gspec, engine, n, generator)
+
+	// Import the canonical chain
+	cacheConfig := &core.CacheConfig{
+		TrieCleanLimit:    256,
+		TrieDirtyLimit:    256,
+		TrieTimeLimit:     5 * time.Minute,
+		SnapshotLimit:     0,
+		Preimages:         true,
+		TrieDirtyDisabled: true, // Archive mode
+	}
+	chain, err := core.NewBlockChain(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), cacheConfig, gspec, nil, engine, vm.Config{}, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create tester chain: %v", err)
+	}
+	if n, err := chain.InsertChain(blocks); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("block %d: failed to insert into chain: %v", n, err)
+	}
+	return chain
+}
+
 func accountRangeTest(t *testing.T, trie *state.Trie, statedb *state.StateDB, start common.Hash, requestedNum int, expectedNum int) state.Dump {
 	result := statedb.RawDump(&state.DumpConfig{
 		SkipCode:          true,
@@ -224,3 +273,66 @@ func TestStorageRangeAt(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func TestGetModifiedAccounts(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	// Initialize test accounts
+	accounts := newAccounts(4)
+	genesis := &core.Genesis{
+		Config: params.TestChainConfig,
+		Alloc: types.GenesisAlloc{
+			accounts[0].addr: {Balance: big.NewInt(params.Ether)},
+			accounts[1].addr: {Balance: big.NewInt(params.Ether)},
+			accounts[2].addr: {Balance: big.NewInt(params.Ether)},
+			accounts[3].addr: {Balance: big.NewInt(params.Ether)},
+		},
+	}
+	genBlocks := 1
+	signer := types.HomesteadSigner{}
+	blockChain := newTestBlockChain(t, genBlocks, genesis, func(_ int, b *core.BlockGen) {
+		// Transfer from account[0] to account[1]
+		//    value: 1000 wei
+		//    fee:   0 wei
+		for _, account := range accounts[:3] {
+			tx, _ := types.SignTx(types.NewTx(&types.LegacyTx{
+				Nonce:    0,
+				To:       &accounts[3].addr,
+				Value:    big.NewInt(1000),
+				Gas:      params.TxGas,
+				GasPrice: b.BaseFee(),
+				Data:     nil}),
+				signer, account.key)
+			b.AddTx(tx)
+		}
+	})
+	defer blockChain.Stop()
+
+	// Create a debug API instance.
+	api := NewDebugAPI(&Ethereum{blockchain: blockChain})
+
+	// Test GetModifiedAccountsByNumber
+	t.Run("GetModifiedAccountsByNumber", func(t *testing.T) {
+		addrs, err := api.GetModifiedAccountsByNumber(uint64(genBlocks), nil)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Len(t, addrs, len(accounts)+1) // +1 for the coinbase
+		for _, account := range accounts {
+			if !slices.Contains(addrs, account.addr) {
+				t.Fatalf("account %s not found in modified accounts", account.addr.Hex())
+			}
+		}
+	})
+
+	// Test GetModifiedAccountsByHash
+	t.Run("GetModifiedAccountsByHash", func(t *testing.T) {
+		header := blockChain.GetHeaderByNumber(uint64(genBlocks))
+		addrs, err := api.GetModifiedAccountsByHash(header.Hash(), nil)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Len(t, addrs, len(accounts)+1) // +1 for the coinbase
+		for _, account := range accounts {
+			if !slices.Contains(addrs, account.addr) {
+				t.Fatalf("account %s not found in modified accounts", account.addr.Hex())
+			}
+		}
+	})
+}

eth/backend.go

@@ -128,7 +128,14 @@ func New(stack *node.Node, config *ethconfig.Config) (*Ethereum, error) {
 	}
 	log.Info("Allocated trie memory caches", "clean", common.StorageSize(config.TrieCleanCache)*1024*1024, "dirty", common.StorageSize(config.TrieDirtyCache)*1024*1024)
 
-	chainDb, err := stack.OpenDatabaseWithFreezer("chaindata", config.DatabaseCache, config.DatabaseHandles, config.DatabaseFreezer, "eth/db/chaindata/", false)
+	dbOptions := node.DatabaseOptions{
+		Cache:             config.DatabaseCache,
+		Handles:           config.DatabaseHandles,
+		AncientsDirectory: config.DatabaseFreezer,
+		EraDirectory:      config.DatabaseEra,
+		MetricsNamespace:  "eth/db/chaindata/",
+	}
+	chainDb, err := stack.OpenDatabaseWithOptions("chaindata", dbOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -337,9 +344,6 @@ func makeExtraData(extra []byte) []byte {
 func (s *Ethereum) APIs() []rpc.API {
 	apis := ethapi.GetAPIs(s.APIBackend)
 
-	// Append any APIs exposed explicitly by the consensus engine
-	apis = append(apis, s.engine.APIs(s.BlockChain())...)
-
 	// Append all the local APIs and return
 	return append(apis, []rpc.API{
 		{