diff --git a/cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool/execution.go b/cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool/execution.go
index 7bc2fce55b..5fd1d6a4a6 100644
--- a/cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool/execution.go
+++ b/cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool/execution.go
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ func (pre *Prestate) Apply(vmConfig vm.Config, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig,
 
 func MakePreState(db ethdb.Database, accounts types.GenesisAlloc) *state.StateDB {
 	tdb := triedb.NewDatabase(db, &triedb.Config{Preimages: true})
-	sdb := state.NewDatabase(db, tdb, nil)
+	sdb := state.NewDatabase(tdb, nil)
 	statedb, _ := state.New(types.EmptyRootHash, sdb)
 	for addr, a := range accounts {
 		statedb.SetCode(addr, a.Code)
diff --git a/cmd/evm/runner.go b/cmd/evm/runner.go
index 042c622332..235fed6630 100644
--- a/cmd/evm/runner.go
+++ b/cmd/evm/runner.go
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ func runCmd(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	})
 	defer triedb.Close()
 	genesis := genesisConfig.MustCommit(db, triedb)
-	sdb := state.NewDatabase(db, triedb, nil)
+	sdb := state.NewDatabase(triedb, nil)
 	statedb, _ = state.New(genesis.Root(), sdb)
 	chainConfig = genesisConfig.Config
 
diff --git a/cmd/geth/chaincmd.go b/cmd/geth/chaincmd.go
index 310fbcc6a8..018bca4a0f 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/chaincmd.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/chaincmd.go
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ func dump(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	triedb := utils.MakeTrieDatabase(ctx, db, true, true, false) // always enable preimage lookup
 	defer triedb.Close()
 
-	state, err := state.New(root, state.NewDatabase(db, triedb, nil))
+	state, err := state.New(root, state.NewDatabase(triedb, nil))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
diff --git a/core/blockchain.go b/core/blockchain.go
index 95c2e7a2e3..dc3631118a 100644
--- a/core/blockchain.go
+++ b/core/blockchain.go
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ func NewBlockChain(db ethdb.Database, cacheConfig *CacheConfig, genesis *Genesis
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	bc.flushInterval.Store(int64(cacheConfig.TrieTimeLimit))
-	bc.stateDb = state.NewDatabase(bc.db, bc.triedb, nil)
+	bc.stateDb = state.NewDatabase(bc.triedb, nil)
 	bc.validator = NewBlockValidator(chainConfig, bc)
 	bc.prefetcher = newStatePrefetcher(chainConfig, bc.hc)
 	bc.processor = NewStateProcessor(chainConfig, bc.hc)
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ func NewBlockChain(db ethdb.Database, cacheConfig *CacheConfig, genesis *Genesis
 		bc.snaps, _ = snapshot.New(snapconfig, bc.db, bc.triedb, head.Root)
 
 		// Re-initialize the state database with snapshot
-		bc.stateDb = state.NewDatabase(bc.db, bc.triedb, bc.snaps)
+		bc.stateDb = state.NewDatabase(bc.triedb, bc.snaps)
 	}
 
 	// Rewind the chain in case of an incompatible config upgrade.
diff --git a/core/blockchain_sethead_test.go b/core/blockchain_sethead_test.go
index 13ff3ead39..0d58811478 100644
--- a/core/blockchain_sethead_test.go
+++ b/core/blockchain_sethead_test.go
@@ -2040,7 +2040,7 @@ func testSetHeadWithScheme(t *testing.T, tt *rewindTest, snapshots bool, scheme
 		dbconfig.HashDB = hashdb.Defaults
 	}
 	chain.triedb = triedb.NewDatabase(chain.db, dbconfig)
-	chain.stateDb = state.NewDatabase(chain.db, chain.triedb, chain.snaps)
+	chain.stateDb = state.NewDatabase(chain.triedb, chain.snaps)
 
 	// Force run a freeze cycle
 	type freezer interface {
diff --git a/core/chain_makers.go b/core/chain_makers.go
index d446514f72..8e75abdea0 100644
--- a/core/chain_makers.go
+++ b/core/chain_makers.go
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ func GenerateChain(config *params.ChainConfig, parent *types.Block, engine conse
 	defer triedb.Close()
 
 	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
-		statedb, err := state.New(parent.Root(), state.NewDatabase(db, triedb, nil))
+		statedb, err := state.New(parent.Root(), state.NewDatabase(triedb, nil))
 		if err != nil {
 			panic(err)
 		}
@@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ func GenerateVerkleChain(config *params.ChainConfig, parent *types.Block, engine
 	}
 
 	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
-		statedb, err := state.New(parent.Root(), state.NewDatabase(db, trdb, nil))
+		statedb, err := state.New(parent.Root(), state.NewDatabase(trdb, nil))
 		if err != nil {
 			panic(err)
 		}
diff --git a/core/genesis.go b/core/genesis.go
index fcb33eef3d..8ea9bfb30f 100644
--- a/core/genesis.go
+++ b/core/genesis.go
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ func hashAlloc(ga *types.GenesisAlloc, isVerkle bool) (common.Hash, error) {
 	// Create an ephemeral in-memory database for computing hash,
 	// all the derived states will be discarded to not pollute disk.
 	db := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
-	statedb, err := state.New(types.EmptyRootHash, state.NewDatabase(db, triedb.NewDatabase(db, config), nil))
+	statedb, err := state.New(types.EmptyRootHash, state.NewDatabase(triedb.NewDatabase(db, config), nil))
 	if err != nil {
 		return common.Hash{}, err
 	}
@@ -147,8 +147,8 @@ func hashAlloc(ga *types.GenesisAlloc, isVerkle bool) (common.Hash, error) {
 
 // flushAlloc is very similar with hash, but the main difference is all the
 // generated states will be persisted into the given database.
-func flushAlloc(ga *types.GenesisAlloc, db ethdb.Database, triedb *triedb.Database) (common.Hash, error) {
-	statedb, err := state.New(types.EmptyRootHash, state.NewDatabase(db, triedb, nil))
+func flushAlloc(ga *types.GenesisAlloc, triedb *triedb.Database) (common.Hash, error) {
+	statedb, err := state.New(types.EmptyRootHash, state.NewDatabase(triedb, nil))
 	if err != nil {
 		return common.Hash{}, err
 	}
@@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ func (g *Genesis) Commit(db ethdb.Database, triedb *triedb.Database) (*types.Blo
 		return nil, errors.New("can't start clique chain without signers")
 	}
 	// flush the data to disk and compute the state root
-	root, err := flushAlloc(&g.Alloc, db, triedb)
+	root, err := flushAlloc(&g.Alloc, triedb)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
diff --git a/core/state/database.go b/core/state/database.go
index 2813bda3dc..2ab4247900 100644
--- a/core/state/database.go
+++ b/core/state/database.go
@@ -164,9 +164,9 @@ type CachingDB struct {
 }
 
 // NewDatabase creates a state database with the provided data sources.
-func NewDatabase(disk ethdb.Database, triedb *triedb.Database, snap *snapshot.Tree) *CachingDB {
+func NewDatabase(triedb *triedb.Database, snap *snapshot.Tree) *CachingDB {
 	return &CachingDB{
-		disk:          disk,
+		disk:          triedb.Disk(),
 		triedb:        triedb,
 		snap:          snap,
 		codeCache:     lru.NewSizeConstrainedCache[common.Hash, []byte](codeCacheSize),
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ func NewDatabase(disk ethdb.Database, triedb *triedb.Database, snap *snapshot.Tr
 // NewDatabaseForTesting is similar to NewDatabase, but it sets up the different
 // data sources using the same provided database with default config for testing.
 func NewDatabaseForTesting(db ethdb.Database) *CachingDB {
-	return NewDatabase(db, triedb.NewDatabase(db, nil), nil)
+	return NewDatabase(triedb.NewDatabase(db, nil), nil)
 }
 
 // Reader returns a state reader associated with the specified state root.
@@ -293,11 +293,6 @@ func (db *CachingDB) Snapshot() *snapshot.Tree {
 	return db.snap
 }
 
-// SetSnapshot sets the provided state snapshot.
-func (db *CachingDB) SetSnapshot(snap *snapshot.Tree) {
-	db.snap = snap
-}
-
 // mustCopyTrie returns a deep-copied trie.
 func mustCopyTrie(t Trie) Trie {
 	switch t := t.(type) {
diff --git a/core/state/state_test.go b/core/state/state_test.go
index 9e6c0ca5c5..a1400a2109 100644
--- a/core/state/state_test.go
+++ b/core/state/state_test.go
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ func newStateEnv() *stateEnv {
 func TestDump(t *testing.T) {
 	db := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
 	triedb := triedb.NewDatabase(db, &triedb.Config{Preimages: true})
-	tdb := NewDatabase(db, triedb, nil)
+	tdb := NewDatabase(triedb, nil)
 	sdb, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, tdb)
 	s := &stateEnv{db: db, state: sdb}
 
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ func TestDump(t *testing.T) {
 func TestIterativeDump(t *testing.T) {
 	db := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
 	triedb := triedb.NewDatabase(db, &triedb.Config{Preimages: true})
-	tdb := NewDatabase(db, triedb, nil)
+	tdb := NewDatabase(triedb, nil)
 	sdb, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, tdb)
 	s := &stateEnv{db: db, state: sdb}
 
diff --git a/core/state/statedb_fuzz_test.go b/core/state/statedb_fuzz_test.go
index 553f0347b6..90250819e3 100644
--- a/core/state/statedb_fuzz_test.go
+++ b/core/state/statedb_fuzz_test.go
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ func (test *stateTest) run() bool {
 		if i != 0 {
 			root = roots[len(roots)-1]
 		}
-		state, err := New(root, NewDatabase(disk, tdb, snaps))
+		state, err := New(root, NewDatabase(tdb, snaps))
 		if err != nil {
 			panic(err)
 		}
diff --git a/core/state/statedb_test.go b/core/state/statedb_test.go
index 57b8227900..5d4bbc078f 100644
--- a/core/state/statedb_test.go
+++ b/core/state/statedb_test.go
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ func TestUpdateLeaks(t *testing.T) {
 	var (
 		db  = rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
 		tdb = triedb.NewDatabase(db, nil)
-		sdb = NewDatabase(db, tdb, nil)
+		sdb = NewDatabase(tdb, nil)
 	)
 	state, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, sdb)
 
@@ -90,8 +90,8 @@ func TestIntermediateLeaks(t *testing.T) {
 	finalDb := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
 	transNdb := triedb.NewDatabase(transDb, nil)
 	finalNdb := triedb.NewDatabase(finalDb, nil)
-	transState, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, NewDatabase(transDb, transNdb, nil))
-	finalState, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, NewDatabase(finalDb, finalNdb, nil))
+	transState, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, NewDatabase(transNdb, nil))
+	finalState, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, NewDatabase(finalNdb, nil))
 
 	modify := func(state *StateDB, addr common.Address, i, tweak byte) {
 		state.SetBalance(addr, uint256.NewInt(uint64(11*i)+uint64(tweak)), tracing.BalanceChangeUnspecified)
@@ -989,7 +989,7 @@ func testMissingTrieNodes(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 			CleanCacheSize: 0,
 		}}) // disable caching
 	}
-	db := NewDatabase(memDb, tdb, nil)
+	db := NewDatabase(tdb, nil)
 
 	var root common.Hash
 	state, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, db)
@@ -1211,7 +1211,7 @@ func TestFlushOrderDataLoss(t *testing.T) {
 	var (
 		memdb    = rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
 		triedb   = triedb.NewDatabase(memdb, triedb.HashDefaults)
-		statedb  = NewDatabase(memdb, triedb, nil)
+		statedb  = NewDatabase(triedb, nil)
 		state, _ = New(types.EmptyRootHash, statedb)
 	)
 	for a := byte(0); a < 10; a++ {
@@ -1284,7 +1284,7 @@ func TestDeleteStorage(t *testing.T) {
 		disk     = rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
 		tdb      = triedb.NewDatabase(disk, nil)
 		snaps, _ = snapshot.New(snapshot.Config{CacheSize: 10}, disk, tdb, types.EmptyRootHash)
-		db       = NewDatabase(disk, tdb, snaps)
+		db       = NewDatabase(tdb, snaps)
 		state, _ = New(types.EmptyRootHash, db)
 		addr     = common.HexToAddress("0x1")
 	)
@@ -1299,8 +1299,8 @@ func TestDeleteStorage(t *testing.T) {
 	root, _ := state.Commit(0, true)
 
 	// Init phase done, create two states, one with snap and one without
-	fastState, _ := New(root, NewDatabase(disk, tdb, snaps))
-	slowState, _ := New(root, NewDatabase(disk, tdb, nil))
+	fastState, _ := New(root, NewDatabase(tdb, snaps))
+	slowState, _ := New(root, NewDatabase(tdb, nil))
 
 	obj := fastState.getOrNewStateObject(addr)
 	storageRoot := obj.data.Root
@@ -1338,7 +1338,7 @@ func TestStorageDirtiness(t *testing.T) {
 	var (
 		disk       = rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
 		tdb        = triedb.NewDatabase(disk, nil)
-		db         = NewDatabase(disk, tdb, nil)
+		db         = NewDatabase(tdb, nil)
 		state, _   = New(types.EmptyRootHash, db)
 		addr       = common.HexToAddress("0x1")
 		checkDirty = func(key common.Hash, value common.Hash, dirty bool) {
diff --git a/core/state/sync_test.go b/core/state/sync_test.go
index 1d5220a802..cc15422c0c 100644
--- a/core/state/sync_test.go
+++ b/core/state/sync_test.go
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ func makeTestState(scheme string) (ethdb.Database, Database, *triedb.Database, c
 	}
 	db := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
 	nodeDb := triedb.NewDatabase(db, config)
-	sdb := NewDatabase(db, nodeDb, nil)
+	sdb := NewDatabase(nodeDb, nil)
 	state, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, sdb)
 
 	// Fill it with some arbitrary data
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ func checkStateAccounts(t *testing.T, db ethdb.Database, scheme string, root com
 		config.PathDB = pathdb.Defaults
 	}
 	// Check root availability and state contents
-	state, err := New(root, NewDatabase(db, triedb.NewDatabase(db, &config), nil))
+	state, err := New(root, NewDatabase(triedb.NewDatabase(db, &config), nil))
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create state trie at %x: %v", root, err)
 	}
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ func checkStateConsistency(db ethdb.Database, scheme string, root common.Hash) e
 	if scheme == rawdb.PathScheme {
 		config.PathDB = pathdb.Defaults
 	}
-	state, err := New(root, NewDatabase(db, triedb.NewDatabase(db, config), nil))
+	state, err := New(root, NewDatabase(triedb.NewDatabase(db, config), nil))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
diff --git a/core/state/trie_prefetcher_test.go b/core/state/trie_prefetcher_test.go
index d7fe609a8a..003749e505 100644
--- a/core/state/trie_prefetcher_test.go
+++ b/core/state/trie_prefetcher_test.go
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ func TestUseAfterTerminate(t *testing.T) {
 func TestVerklePrefetcher(t *testing.T) {
 	disk := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
 	db := triedb.NewDatabase(disk, triedb.VerkleDefaults)
-	sdb := NewDatabase(disk, db, nil)
+	sdb := NewDatabase(db, nil)
 
 	state, err := New(types.EmptyRootHash, sdb)
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/core/state_processor_test.go b/core/state_processor_test.go
index 4b5204ecbb..d2995dd8b1 100644
--- a/core/state_processor_test.go
+++ b/core/state_processor_test.go
@@ -610,7 +610,7 @@ func TestProcessParentBlockHash(t *testing.T) {
 		cacheConfig := DefaultCacheConfigWithScheme(rawdb.PathScheme)
 		cacheConfig.SnapshotLimit = 0
 		triedb := triedb.NewDatabase(db, cacheConfig.triedbConfig(true))
-		statedb, _ := state.New(types.EmptyVerkleHash, state.NewDatabase(db, triedb, nil))
+		statedb, _ := state.New(types.EmptyVerkleHash, state.NewDatabase(triedb, nil))
 		test(statedb)
 	})
 }
diff --git a/core/stateless.go b/core/stateless.go
index 700210adb8..f323cc2e8e 100644
--- a/core/stateless.go
+++ b/core/stateless.go
@@ -42,8 +42,7 @@ import (
 func ExecuteStateless(config *params.ChainConfig, witness *stateless.Witness) (common.Hash, common.Hash, error) {
 	// Create and populate the state database to serve as the stateless backend
 	memdb := witness.MakeHashDB()
-
-	db, err := state.New(witness.Root(), state.NewDatabase(memdb, triedb.NewDatabase(memdb, triedb.HashDefaults), nil))
+	db, err := state.New(witness.Root(), state.NewDatabase(triedb.NewDatabase(memdb, triedb.HashDefaults), nil))
 	if err != nil {
 		return common.Hash{}, common.Hash{}, err
 	}
diff --git a/eth/api_debug_test.go b/eth/api_debug_test.go
index 34aa5c52be..b6a66e69aa 100644
--- a/eth/api_debug_test.go
+++ b/eth/api_debug_test.go
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ func TestAccountRange(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var (
 		mdb     = rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
-		statedb = state.NewDatabase(mdb, triedb.NewDatabase(mdb, &triedb.Config{Preimages: true}), nil)
+		statedb = state.NewDatabase(triedb.NewDatabase(mdb, &triedb.Config{Preimages: true}), nil)
 		sdb, _  = state.New(types.EmptyRootHash, statedb)
 		addrs   = [AccountRangeMaxResults * 2]common.Address{}
 		m       = map[common.Address]bool{}
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ func TestStorageRangeAt(t *testing.T) {
 	var (
 		mdb    = rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
 		tdb    = triedb.NewDatabase(mdb, &triedb.Config{Preimages: true})
-		db     = state.NewDatabase(mdb, tdb, nil)
+		db     = state.NewDatabase(tdb, nil)
 		sdb, _ = state.New(types.EmptyRootHash, db)
 		addr   = common.Address{0x01}
 		keys   = []common.Hash{ // hashes of Keys of storage
diff --git a/eth/state_accessor.go b/eth/state_accessor.go
index c9e653cba8..cb5a233a83 100644
--- a/eth/state_accessor.go
+++ b/eth/state_accessor.go
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ func (eth *Ethereum) hashState(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, reexec u
 			// TODO(rjl493456442), clean cache is disabled to prevent memory leak,
 			// please re-enable it for better performance.
 			tdb := triedb.NewDatabase(eth.chainDb, triedb.HashDefaults)
-			database = state.NewDatabase(eth.chainDb, tdb, nil)
+			database = state.NewDatabase(tdb, nil)
 			if statedb, err = state.New(block.Root(), database); err == nil {
 				log.Info("Found disk backend for state trie", "root", block.Root(), "number", block.Number())
 				return statedb, noopReleaser, nil
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ func (eth *Ethereum) hashState(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, reexec u
 		// TODO(rjl493456442), clean cache is disabled to prevent memory leak,
 		// please re-enable it for better performance.
 		tdb = triedb.NewDatabase(eth.chainDb, triedb.HashDefaults)
-		database = state.NewDatabase(eth.chainDb, tdb, nil)
+		database = state.NewDatabase(tdb, nil)
 
 		// If we didn't check the live database, do check state over ephemeral database,
 		// otherwise we would rewind past a persisted block (specific corner case is
diff --git a/tests/state_test_util.go b/tests/state_test_util.go
index 7f4df45072..cf0ce9777f 100644
--- a/tests/state_test_util.go
+++ b/tests/state_test_util.go
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ func MakePreState(db ethdb.Database, accounts types.GenesisAlloc, snapshotter bo
 		tconf.PathDB = pathdb.Defaults
 	}
 	triedb := triedb.NewDatabase(db, tconf)
-	sdb := state.NewDatabase(db, triedb, nil)
+	sdb := state.NewDatabase(triedb, nil)
 	statedb, _ := state.New(types.EmptyRootHash, sdb)
 	for addr, a := range accounts {
 		statedb.SetCode(addr, a.Code)
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ func MakePreState(db ethdb.Database, accounts types.GenesisAlloc, snapshotter bo
 		}
 		snaps, _ = snapshot.New(snapconfig, db, triedb, root)
 	}
-	sdb = state.NewDatabase(db, triedb, snaps)
+	sdb = state.NewDatabase(triedb, snaps)
 	statedb, _ = state.New(root, sdb)
 	return StateTestState{statedb, triedb, snaps}
 }
diff --git a/triedb/database.go b/triedb/database.go
index aecb900f31..b07677c8b1 100644
--- a/triedb/database.go
+++ b/triedb/database.go
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ type backend interface {
 // types of node backend as an entrypoint. It's responsible for all interactions
 // relevant with trie nodes and node preimages.
 type Database struct {
+	disk      ethdb.Database
 	config    *Config        // Configuration for trie database
 	preimages *preimageStore // The store for caching preimages
 	backend   backend        // The backend for managing trie nodes
@@ -109,6 +110,7 @@ func NewDatabase(diskdb ethdb.Database, config *Config) *Database {
 		preimages = newPreimageStore(diskdb)
 	}
 	db := &Database{
+		disk:      diskdb,
 		config:    config,
 		preimages: preimages,
 	}
@@ -327,3 +329,8 @@ func (db *Database) SetBufferSize(size int) error {
 func (db *Database) IsVerkle() bool {
 	return db.config.IsVerkle
 }
+
+// Disk returns the underlying disk.
+func (db *Database) Disk() ethdb.Database {
+	return db.disk
+}