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fix: md Item numbering and form repair
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16
README.md
16
README.md
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@ -34,15 +34,15 @@ make all
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The go-ethereum project comes with several wrappers/executables found in the `cmd`
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directory.
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| Command | Description |
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| :--------: | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| Command | Description |
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|:----------:|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
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| **`geth`** | Our main Ethereum CLI client. It is the entry point into the Ethereum network (main-, test- or private net), capable of running as a full node (default), archive node (retaining all historical state) or a light node (retrieving data live). It can be used by other processes as a gateway into the Ethereum network via JSON RPC endpoints exposed on top of HTTP, WebSocket and/or IPC transports. `geth --help` and the [CLI page](https://geth.ethereum.org/docs/fundamentals/command-line-options) for command line options. |
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| `clef` | Stand-alone signing tool, which can be used as a backend signer for `geth`. |
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| `devp2p` | Utilities to interact with nodes on the networking layer, without running a full blockchain. |
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| `abigen` | Source code generator to convert Ethereum contract definitions into easy-to-use, compile-time type-safe Go packages. It operates on plain [Ethereum contract ABIs](https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/develop/abi-spec.html) with expanded functionality if the contract bytecode is also available. However, it also accepts Solidity source files, making development much more streamlined. Please see our [Native DApps](https://geth.ethereum.org/docs/developers/dapp-developer/native-bindings) page for details. |
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| `bootnode` | Stripped down version of our Ethereum client implementation that only takes part in the network node discovery protocol, but does not run any of the higher level application protocols. It can be used as a lightweight bootstrap node to aid in finding peers in private networks. |
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| `evm` | Developer utility version of the EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) that is capable of running bytecode snippets within a configurable environment and execution mode. Its purpose is to allow isolated, fine-grained debugging of EVM opcodes (e.g. `evm --code 60ff60ff --debug run`). |
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| `rlpdump` | Developer utility tool to convert binary RLP ([Recursive Length Prefix](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/data-structures-and-encoding/rlp)) dumps (data encoding used by the Ethereum protocol both network as well as consensus wise) to user-friendlier hierarchical representation (e.g. `rlpdump --hex CE0183FFFFFFC4C304050583616263`). |
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| `clef` | Stand-alone signing tool, which can be used as a backend signer for `geth`. |
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| `devp2p` | Utilities to interact with nodes on the networking layer, without running a full blockchain. |
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| `abigen` | Source code generator to convert Ethereum contract definitions into easy-to-use, compile-time type-safe Go packages. It operates on plain [Ethereum contract ABIs](https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/develop/abi-spec.html) with expanded functionality if the contract bytecode is also available. However, it also accepts Solidity source files, making development much more streamlined. Please see our [Native DApps](https://geth.ethereum.org/docs/developers/dapp-developer/native-bindings) page for details. |
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| `bootnode` | Stripped down version of our Ethereum client implementation that only takes part in the network node discovery protocol, but does not run any of the higher level application protocols. It can be used as a lightweight bootstrap node to aid in finding peers in private networks. |
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| `evm` | Developer utility version of the EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) that is capable of running bytecode snippets within a configurable environment and execution mode. Its purpose is to allow isolated, fine-grained debugging of EVM opcodes (e.g. `evm --code 60ff60ff --debug run`). |
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| `rlpdump` | Developer utility tool to convert binary RLP ([Recursive Length Prefix](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/data-structures-and-encoding/rlp)) dumps (data encoding used by the Ethereum protocol both network as well as consensus wise) to user-friendlier hierarchical representation (e.g. `rlpdump --hex CE0183FFFFFFC4C304050583616263`). |
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## Running `geth`
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@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ Response
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- `value` [number:optional]: amount of Wei to send with the transaction
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- `data` [data:optional]: input data
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- `nonce` [number]: account nonce
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1. method signature [string:optional]
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2. method signature [string:optional]
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- The method signature, if present, is to aid decoding the calldata. Should consist of `methodname(paramtype,...)`, e.g. `transfer(uint256,address)`. The signer may use this data to parse the supplied calldata, and show the user. The data, however, is considered totally untrusted, and reliability is not expected.
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@ -914,9 +914,9 @@ along with the UI.
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There are a couple of implementation for a UI. We'll try to keep this list up to date.
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| Name | Repo | UI type| No external resources| Blocky support| Verifies permissions | Hash information | No secondary storage | Statically linked| Can modify parameters|
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| ---- | ---- | -------| ---- | ---- | ---- |---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
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| QtSigner| https://github.com/holiman/qtsigner/ | Python3/QT-based| :+1:| :+1:| :+1:| :+1:| :+1:| :x: | :+1: (partially)|
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| GtkSigner| https://github.com/holiman/gtksigner | Python3/GTK-based| :+1:| :x:| :x:| :+1:| :+1:| :x: | :x: |
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| Frame | https://github.com/floating/frame/commits/go-signer | Electron-based| :x:| :x:| :x:| :x:| ?| :x: | :x: |
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| Clef UI| https://github.com/ethereum/clef-ui | Golang/QT-based| :+1:| :+1:| :x:| :+1:| :+1:| :x: | :+1: (approve tx only)|
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| Name | Repo | UI type | No external resources | Blocky support | Verifies permissions | Hash information | No secondary storage | Statically linked | Can modify parameters |
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|-----------|-----------------------------------------------------|-------------------|-----------------------|----------------|----------------------|------------------|----------------------|-------------------|------------------------|
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| QtSigner | https://github.com/holiman/qtsigner/ | Python3/QT-based | :+1: | :+1: | :+1: | :+1: | :+1: | :x: | :+1: (partially) |
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| GtkSigner | https://github.com/holiman/gtksigner | Python3/GTK-based | :+1: | :x: | :x: | :+1: | :+1: | :x: | :x: |
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| Frame | https://github.com/floating/frame/commits/go-signer | Electron-based | :x: | :x: | :x: | :x: | ? | :x: | :x: |
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| Clef UI | https://github.com/ethereum/clef-ui | Golang/QT-based | :+1: | :+1: | :x: | :+1: | :+1: | :x: | :+1: (approve tx only) |
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@ -49,11 +49,11 @@ Whenever the external API is called (and the ruleset is enabled), the `signer` c
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invokes the corresponding method. In doing so, there are three possible outcomes:
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1. JS returns "Approve"
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* Auto-approve request
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* Auto-approve request
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2. JS returns "Reject"
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* Auto-reject request
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* Auto-reject request
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3. Error occurs, or something else is returned
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* Pass on to `next` ui: the regular UI channel.
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* Pass on to `next` ui: the regular UI channel.
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A more advanced example can be found below, "Example 1: ruleset for a rate-limited window", using `storage` to `Put` and `Get` `string`s by key.
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@ -9,20 +9,19 @@ layer.
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## State transition tool (`t8n`)
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The `evm t8n` tool is a stateless state transition utility. It is a utility
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which can
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1. Take a prestate, including
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- Accounts,
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- Block context information,
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- Previous blockshashes (*optional)
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- Accounts,
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- Block context information,
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- Previous blockshashes (*optional)
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2. Apply a set of transactions,
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3. Apply a mining-reward (*optional),
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4. And generate a post-state, including
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- State root, transaction root, receipt root,
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- Information about rejected transactions,
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- Optionally: a full or partial post-state dump
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- State root, transaction root, receipt root,
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- Information about rejected transactions,
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- Optionally: a full or partial post-state dump
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### Specification
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@ -52,6 +51,7 @@ Command line params that need to be supported are
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--trace.nostack (default: false)
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--trace.returndata (default: false)
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```
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#### Objects
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The transition tool uses JSON objects to read and write data related to the transition operation. The
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@ -66,11 +66,11 @@ The `alloc` object defines the prestate that transition will begin with.
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type Alloc map[common.Address]Account
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// Genesis account. Each field is optional.
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type Account struct {
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Code []byte `json:"code"`
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Storage map[common.Hash]common.Hash `json:"storage"`
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Balance *big.Int `json:"balance"`
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Nonce uint64 `json:"nonce"`
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SecretKey []byte `json:"secretKey"`
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Code []byte `json:"code"`
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Storage map[common.Hash]common.Hash `json:"storage"`
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Balance *big.Int `json:"balance"`
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Nonce uint64 `json:"nonce"`
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SecretKey []byte `json:"secretKey"`
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}
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```
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@ -81,33 +81,33 @@ take place.
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```go
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type Env struct {
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// required
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CurrentCoinbase common.Address `json:"currentCoinbase"`
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CurrentGasLimit uint64 `json:"currentGasLimit"`
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CurrentNumber uint64 `json:"currentNumber"`
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CurrentTimestamp uint64 `json:"currentTimestamp"`
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Withdrawals []*Withdrawal `json:"withdrawals"`
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// optional
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CurrentDifficulty *big.Int `json:"currentDifficulty"`
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CurrentRandom *big.Int `json:"currentRandom"`
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CurrentBaseFee *big.Int `json:"currentBaseFee"`
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ParentDifficulty *big.Int `json:"parentDifficulty"`
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ParentGasUsed uint64 `json:"parentGasUsed"`
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ParentGasLimit uint64 `json:"parentGasLimit"`
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ParentTimestamp uint64 `json:"parentTimestamp"`
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BlockHashes map[uint64]common.Hash `json:"blockHashes"`
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ParentUncleHash common.Hash `json:"parentUncleHash"`
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Ommers []Ommer `json:"ommers"`
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// required
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CurrentCoinbase common.Address `json:"currentCoinbase"`
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CurrentGasLimit uint64 `json:"currentGasLimit"`
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CurrentNumber uint64 `json:"currentNumber"`
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CurrentTimestamp uint64 `json:"currentTimestamp"`
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Withdrawals []*Withdrawal `json:"withdrawals"`
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// optional
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CurrentDifficulty *big.Int `json:"currentDifficulty"`
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CurrentRandom *big.Int `json:"currentRandom"`
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CurrentBaseFee *big.Int `json:"currentBaseFee"`
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ParentDifficulty *big.Int `json:"parentDifficulty"`
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ParentGasUsed uint64 `json:"parentGasUsed"`
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ParentGasLimit uint64 `json:"parentGasLimit"`
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ParentTimestamp uint64 `json:"parentTimestamp"`
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BlockHashes map[uint64]common.Hash `json:"blockHashes"`
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ParentUncleHash common.Hash `json:"parentUncleHash"`
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Ommers []Ommer `json:"ommers"`
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}
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type Ommer struct {
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Delta uint64 `json:"delta"`
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Address common.Address `json:"address"`
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Delta uint64 `json:"delta"`
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Address common.Address `json:"address"`
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}
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type Withdrawal struct {
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Index uint64 `json:"index"`
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ValidatorIndex uint64 `json:"validatorIndex"`
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Recipient common.Address `json:"recipient"`
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Amount *big.Int `json:"amount"`
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Index uint64 `json:"index"`
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ValidatorIndex uint64 `json:"validatorIndex"`
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Recipient common.Address `json:"recipient"`
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Amount *big.Int `json:"amount"`
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}
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```
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@ -118,50 +118,50 @@ The `txs` object is an array of any of the transaction types: `LegacyTx`,
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```go
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type LegacyTx struct {
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Nonce uint64 `json:"nonce"`
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GasPrice *big.Int `json:"gasPrice"`
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Gas uint64 `json:"gas"`
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To *common.Address `json:"to"`
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Value *big.Int `json:"value"`
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Data []byte `json:"data"`
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V *big.Int `json:"v"`
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R *big.Int `json:"r"`
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S *big.Int `json:"s"`
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SecretKey *common.Hash `json:"secretKey"`
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Nonce uint64 `json:"nonce"`
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GasPrice *big.Int `json:"gasPrice"`
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Gas uint64 `json:"gas"`
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To *common.Address `json:"to"`
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Value *big.Int `json:"value"`
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Data []byte `json:"data"`
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V *big.Int `json:"v"`
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R *big.Int `json:"r"`
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S *big.Int `json:"s"`
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SecretKey *common.Hash `json:"secretKey"`
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}
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type AccessList []AccessTuple
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type AccessTuple struct {
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Address common.Address `json:"address" gencodec:"required"`
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StorageKeys []common.Hash `json:"storageKeys" gencodec:"required"`
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Address common.Address `json:"address" gencodec:"required"`
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StorageKeys []common.Hash `json:"storageKeys" gencodec:"required"`
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}
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type AccessListTx struct {
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ChainID *big.Int `json:"chainId"`
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Nonce uint64 `json:"nonce"`
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GasPrice *big.Int `json:"gasPrice"`
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Gas uint64 `json:"gas"`
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To *common.Address `json:"to"`
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Value *big.Int `json:"value"`
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Data []byte `json:"data"`
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AccessList AccessList `json:"accessList"`
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V *big.Int `json:"v"`
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R *big.Int `json:"r"`
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S *big.Int `json:"s"`
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SecretKey *common.Hash `json:"secretKey"`
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ChainID *big.Int `json:"chainId"`
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Nonce uint64 `json:"nonce"`
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GasPrice *big.Int `json:"gasPrice"`
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Gas uint64 `json:"gas"`
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To *common.Address `json:"to"`
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Value *big.Int `json:"value"`
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Data []byte `json:"data"`
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AccessList AccessList `json:"accessList"`
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V *big.Int `json:"v"`
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R *big.Int `json:"r"`
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S *big.Int `json:"s"`
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SecretKey *common.Hash `json:"secretKey"`
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}
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type DynamicFeeTx struct {
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ChainID *big.Int `json:"chainId"`
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Nonce uint64 `json:"nonce"`
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GasTipCap *big.Int `json:"maxPriorityFeePerGas"`
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GasFeeCap *big.Int `json:"maxFeePerGas"`
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Gas uint64 `json:"gas"`
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To *common.Address `json:"to"`
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Value *big.Int `json:"value"`
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Data []byte `json:"data"`
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AccessList AccessList `json:"accessList"`
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V *big.Int `json:"v"`
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R *big.Int `json:"r"`
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S *big.Int `json:"s"`
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SecretKey *common.Hash `json:"secretKey"`
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ChainID *big.Int `json:"chainId"`
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Nonce uint64 `json:"nonce"`
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GasTipCap *big.Int `json:"maxPriorityFeePerGas"`
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GasFeeCap *big.Int `json:"maxFeePerGas"`
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Gas uint64 `json:"gas"`
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To *common.Address `json:"to"`
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Value *big.Int `json:"value"`
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Data []byte `json:"data"`
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AccessList AccessList `json:"accessList"`
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V *big.Int `json:"v"`
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R *big.Int `json:"r"`
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S *big.Int `json:"s"`
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SecretKey *common.Hash `json:"secretKey"`
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}
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```
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@ -172,16 +172,16 @@ information about the post-transition environment.
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```go
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type ExecutionResult struct {
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StateRoot common.Hash `json:"stateRoot"`
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TxRoot common.Hash `json:"txRoot"`
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ReceiptRoot common.Hash `json:"receiptsRoot"`
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LogsHash common.Hash `json:"logsHash"`
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Bloom types.Bloom `json:"logsBloom"`
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Receipts types.Receipts `json:"receipts"`
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Rejected []*rejectedTx `json:"rejected,omitempty"`
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Difficulty *big.Int `json:"currentDifficulty"`
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GasUsed uint64 `json:"gasUsed"`
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BaseFee *big.Int `json:"currentBaseFee,omitempty"`
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StateRoot common.Hash `json:"stateRoot"`
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TxRoot common.Hash `json:"txRoot"`
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ReceiptRoot common.Hash `json:"receiptsRoot"`
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LogsHash common.Hash `json:"logsHash"`
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Bloom types.Bloom `json:"logsBloom"`
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Receipts types.Receipts `json:"receipts"`
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Rejected []*rejectedTx `json:"rejected,omitempty"`
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Difficulty *big.Int `json:"currentDifficulty"`
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GasUsed uint64 `json:"gasUsed"`
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BaseFee *big.Int `json:"currentBaseFee,omitempty"`
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}
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```
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@ -209,7 +209,9 @@ There are a few (not many) errors that can occur, those are defined below.
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./evm t8n --input.alloc=./testdata/1/alloc.json --input.txs=./testdata/1/txs.json --input.env=./testdata/1/env.json --state.fork=Frontier+1346 2>/dev/null
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exitcode:3 OK
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```
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#### Forks
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### Basic usage
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The chain configuration to be used for a transition is specified via the
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@ -217,68 +219,77 @@ The chain configuration to be used for a transition is specified via the
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found in [`tests/init.go`](../../tests/init.go).
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#### Examples
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##### Basic usage
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Invoking it with the provided example files
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```
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./evm t8n --input.alloc=./testdata/1/alloc.json --input.txs=./testdata/1/txs.json --input.env=./testdata/1/env.json --state.fork=Berlin
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```
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Two resulting files:
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`alloc.json`:
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```json
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{
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"0x8a8eafb1cf62bfbeb1741769dae1a9dd47996192": {
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"balance": "0xfeed1a9d",
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"nonce": "0x1"
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},
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"0xa94f5374fce5edbc8e2a8697c15331677e6ebf0b": {
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"balance": "0x5ffd4878be161d74",
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"nonce": "0xac"
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},
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"0xc94f5374fce5edbc8e2a8697c15331677e6ebf0b": {
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"balance": "0xa410"
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}
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"0x8a8eafb1cf62bfbeb1741769dae1a9dd47996192": {
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"balance": "0xfeed1a9d",
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"nonce": "0x1"
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},
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"0xa94f5374fce5edbc8e2a8697c15331677e6ebf0b": {
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"balance": "0x5ffd4878be161d74",
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"nonce": "0xac"
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},
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"0xc94f5374fce5edbc8e2a8697c15331677e6ebf0b": {
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"balance": "0xa410"
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}
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}
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```
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`result.json`:
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```json
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{
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"stateRoot": "0x84208a19bc2b46ada7445180c1db162be5b39b9abc8c0a54b05d32943eae4e13",
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"txRoot": "0xc4761fd7b87ff2364c7c60b6c5c8d02e522e815328aaea3f20e3b7b7ef52c42d",
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"receiptsRoot": "0x056b23fbba480696b65fe5a59b8f2148a1299103c4f57df839233af2cf4ca2d2",
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"logsHash": "0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347",
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"logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
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"receipts": [
|
||||
{
|
||||
"root": "0x",
|
||||
"status": "0x1",
|
||||
"cumulativeGasUsed": "0x5208",
|
||||
"logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
|
||||
"logs": null,
|
||||
"transactionHash": "0x0557bacce3375c98d806609b8d5043072f0b6a8bae45ae5a67a00d3a1a18d673",
|
||||
"contractAddress": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
|
||||
"gasUsed": "0x5208",
|
||||
"blockHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
|
||||
"transactionIndex": "0x0"
|
||||
}
|
||||
],
|
||||
"rejected": [
|
||||
{
|
||||
"index": 1,
|
||||
"error": "nonce too low: address 0x8A8eAFb1cf62BfBeb1741769DAE1a9dd47996192, tx: 0 state: 1"
|
||||
}
|
||||
],
|
||||
"currentDifficulty": "0x20000",
|
||||
"gasUsed": "0x5208"
|
||||
"stateRoot": "0x84208a19bc2b46ada7445180c1db162be5b39b9abc8c0a54b05d32943eae4e13",
|
||||
"txRoot": "0xc4761fd7b87ff2364c7c60b6c5c8d02e522e815328aaea3f20e3b7b7ef52c42d",
|
||||
"receiptsRoot": "0x056b23fbba480696b65fe5a59b8f2148a1299103c4f57df839233af2cf4ca2d2",
|
||||
"logsHash": "0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347",
|
||||
"logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
|
||||
"receipts": [
|
||||
{
|
||||
"root": "0x",
|
||||
"status": "0x1",
|
||||
"cumulativeGasUsed": "0x5208",
|
||||
"logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
|
||||
"logs": null,
|
||||
"transactionHash": "0x0557bacce3375c98d806609b8d5043072f0b6a8bae45ae5a67a00d3a1a18d673",
|
||||
"contractAddress": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
|
||||
"gasUsed": "0x5208",
|
||||
"blockHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
|
||||
"transactionIndex": "0x0"
|
||||
}
|
||||
],
|
||||
"rejected": [
|
||||
{
|
||||
"index": 1,
|
||||
"error": "nonce too low: address 0x8A8eAFb1cf62BfBeb1741769DAE1a9dd47996192, tx: 0 state: 1"
|
||||
}
|
||||
],
|
||||
"currentDifficulty": "0x20000",
|
||||
"gasUsed": "0x5208"
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
We can make them spit out the data to e.g. `stdout` like this:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
./evm t8n --input.alloc=./testdata/1/alloc.json --input.txs=./testdata/1/txs.json --input.env=./testdata/1/env.json --output.result=stdout --output.alloc=stdout --state.fork=Berlin
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Output:
|
||||
|
||||
```json
|
||||
{
|
||||
"alloc": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -332,16 +343,16 @@ Mining rewards and ommer rewards might need to be added. This is how those are a
|
|||
|
||||
- `block_reward` is the block mining reward for the miner (`0xaa`), of a block at height `N`.
|
||||
- For each ommer (mined by `0xbb`), with blocknumber `N-delta`
|
||||
- (where `delta` is the difference between the current block and the ommer)
|
||||
- The account `0xbb` (ommer miner) is awarded `(8-delta)/ 8 * block_reward`
|
||||
- The account `0xaa` (block miner) is awarded `block_reward / 32`
|
||||
- (where `delta` is the difference between the current block and the ommer)
|
||||
- The account `0xbb` (ommer miner) is awarded `(8-delta)/ 8 * block_reward`
|
||||
- The account `0xaa` (block miner) is awarded `block_reward / 32`
|
||||
|
||||
To make `t8n` apply these, the following inputs are required:
|
||||
|
||||
- `--state.reward`
|
||||
- For ethash, it is `5000000000000000000` `wei`,
|
||||
- If this is not defined, mining rewards are not applied,
|
||||
- A value of `0` is valid, and causes accounts to be 'touched'.
|
||||
- For ethash, it is `5000000000000000000` `wei`,
|
||||
- If this is not defined, mining rewards are not applied,
|
||||
- A value of `0` is valid, and causes accounts to be 'touched'.
|
||||
- For each ommer, the tool needs to be given an `address\` and a `delta`. This
|
||||
is done via the `ommers` field in `env`.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -351,6 +362,7 @@ the tool allows for negative uncle reward (distance > 8)
|
|||
|
||||
Example:
|
||||
`./testdata/5/env.json`:
|
||||
|
||||
```json
|
||||
{
|
||||
"currentCoinbase": "0xaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa",
|
||||
|
|
@ -359,13 +371,21 @@ Example:
|
|||
"currentNumber": "1",
|
||||
"currentTimestamp": "1000",
|
||||
"ommers": [
|
||||
{"delta": 1, "address": "0xbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb" },
|
||||
{"delta": 2, "address": "0xcccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc" }
|
||||
{
|
||||
"delta": 1,
|
||||
"address": "0xbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"delta": 2,
|
||||
"address": "0xcccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
When applying this, using a reward of `0x08`
|
||||
Output:
|
||||
|
||||
```json
|
||||
{
|
||||
"alloc": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -381,10 +401,12 @@ Output:
|
|||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Future EIPS
|
||||
|
||||
It is also possible to experiment with future eips that are not yet defined in a hard fork.
|
||||
Example, putting EIP-1344 into Frontier:
|
||||
Example, putting EIP-1344 into Frontier:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
./evm t8n --state.fork=Frontier+1344 --input.pre=./testdata/1/pre.json --input.txs=./testdata/1/txs.json --input.env=/testdata/1/env.json
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
|
@ -393,7 +415,8 @@ Example, putting EIP-1344 into Frontier:
|
|||
|
||||
The `BLOCKHASH` opcode requires blockhashes to be provided by the caller, inside the `env`.
|
||||
If a required blockhash is not provided, the exit code should be `4`:
|
||||
Example where blockhashes are provided:
|
||||
Example where blockhashes are provided:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
./evm t8n --input.alloc=./testdata/3/alloc.json --input.txs=./testdata/3/txs.json --input.env=./testdata/3/env.json --trace --state.fork=Berlin
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -402,6 +425,7 @@ Example where blockhashes are provided:
|
|||
```
|
||||
cat trace-0-0x72fadbef39cd251a437eea619cfeda752271a5faaaa2147df012e112159ffb81.jsonl | grep BLOCKHASH -C2
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
{"pc":0,"op":96,"gas":"0x5f58ef8","gasCost":"0x3","memSize":0,"stack":[],"depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"PUSH1"}
|
||||
{"pc":2,"op":64,"gas":"0x5f58ef5","gasCost":"0x14","memSize":0,"stack":["0x1"],"depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"BLOCKHASH"}
|
||||
|
|
@ -410,20 +434,24 @@ cat trace-0-0x72fadbef39cd251a437eea619cfeda752271a5faaaa2147df012e112159ffb81.j
|
|||
```
|
||||
|
||||
In this example, the caller has not provided the required blockhash:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
./evm t8n --input.alloc=./testdata/4/alloc.json --input.txs=./testdata/4/txs.json --input.env=./testdata/4/env.json --trace --state.fork=Berlin
|
||||
ERROR(4): getHash(3) invoked, blockhash for that block not provided
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Error code: 4
|
||||
|
||||
#### Chaining
|
||||
|
||||
Another thing that can be done, is to chain invocations:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
./evm t8n --input.alloc=./testdata/1/alloc.json --input.txs=./testdata/1/txs.json --input.env=./testdata/1/env.json --state.fork=Berlin --output.alloc=stdout | ./evm t8n --input.alloc=stdin --input.env=./testdata/1/env.json --input.txs=./testdata/1/txs.json --state.fork=Berlin
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
What happened here, is that we first applied two identical transactions, so the second one was rejected.
|
||||
|
||||
What happened here, is that we first applied two identical transactions, so the second one was rejected.
|
||||
Then, taking the poststate alloc as the input for the next state, we tried again to include
|
||||
the same two transactions: this time, both failed due to too low nonce.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -432,11 +460,14 @@ actual blocknumber (exposed to the EVM) would not increase.
|
|||
|
||||
#### Transactions in RLP form
|
||||
|
||||
It is possible to provide already-signed transactions as input to, using an `input.txs` which ends with the `rlp` suffix.
|
||||
The input format for RLP-form transactions is _identical_ to the _output_ format for block bodies. Therefore, it's fully possible
|
||||
It is possible to provide already-signed transactions as input to, using an `input.txs` which ends with the `rlp`suffix.
|
||||
The input format for RLP-form transactions is _identical_ to the _output_ format for block bodies. Therefore, it's fully
|
||||
possible
|
||||
to use the evm to go from `json` input to `rlp` input.
|
||||
|
||||
The following command takes **json** the transactions in `./testdata/13/txs.json` and signs them. After execution, they are output to `signed_txs.rlp`.:
|
||||
The following command takes **json** the transactions in `./testdata/13/txs.json` and signs them. After execution, they
|
||||
are output to `signed_txs.rlp`.:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
./evm t8n --state.fork=London --input.alloc=./testdata/13/alloc.json --input.txs=./testdata/13/txs.json --input.env=./testdata/13/env.json --output.result=alloc_jsontx.json --output.body=signed_txs.rlp
|
||||
INFO [12-27|09:25:11.102] Trie dumping started root=e4b924..6aef61
|
||||
|
|
@ -447,12 +478,14 @@ INFO [12-27|09:25:11.103] Wrote file file=signed_t
|
|||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The `output.body` is the rlp-list of transactions, encoded in hex and placed in a string a'la `json` encoding rules:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
cat signed_txs.rlp
|
||||
"0xf8d2b86702f864010180820fa08284d09411111111111111111111111111111111111111118080c001a0b7dfab36232379bb3d1497a4f91c1966b1f932eae3ade107bf5d723b9cb474e0a06261c359a10f2132f126d250485b90cf20f30340801244a08ef6142ab33d1904b86702f864010280820fa08284d09411111111111111111111111111111111111111118080c080a0d4ec563b6568cd42d998fc4134b36933c6568d01533b5adf08769270243c6c7fa072bf7c21eac6bbeae5143371eef26d5e279637f3bd73482b55979d76d935b1e9"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
We can use `rlpdump` to check what the contents are:
|
||||
We can use `rlpdump` to check what the contents are:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
rlpdump -hex $(cat signed_txs.rlp | jq -r )
|
||||
[
|
||||
|
|
@ -460,7 +493,9 @@ rlpdump -hex $(cat signed_txs.rlp | jq -r )
|
|||
02f864010280820fa08284d09411111111111111111111111111111111111111118080c080a0d4ec563b6568cd42d998fc4134b36933c6568d01533b5adf08769270243c6c7fa072bf7c21eac6bbeae5143371eef26d5e279637f3bd73482b55979d76d935b1e9,
|
||||
]
|
||||
```
|
||||
Now, we can now use those (or any other already signed transactions), as input, like so:
|
||||
|
||||
Now, we can now use those (or any other already signed transactions), as input, like so:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
./evm t8n --state.fork=London --input.alloc=./testdata/13/alloc.json --input.txs=./signed_txs.rlp --input.env=./testdata/13/env.json --output.result=alloc_rlptx.json
|
||||
INFO [12-27|09:25:11.187] Trie dumping started root=e4b924..6aef61
|
||||
|
|
@ -468,8 +503,10 @@ INFO [12-27|09:25:11.187] Trie dumping complete accounts=3 el
|
|||
INFO [12-27|09:25:11.187] Wrote file file=alloc.json
|
||||
INFO [12-27|09:25:11.187] Wrote file file=alloc_rlptx.json
|
||||
```
|
||||
You might have noticed that the results from these two invocations were stored in two separate files.
|
||||
|
||||
You might have noticed that the results from these two invocations were stored in two separate files.
|
||||
And we can now finally check that they match.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
cat alloc_jsontx.json | jq .stateRoot && cat alloc_rlptx.json | jq .stateRoot
|
||||
"0xe4b924a6adb5959fccf769d5b7bb2f6359e26d1e76a2443c5a91a36d826aef61"
|
||||
|
|
@ -479,6 +516,7 @@ cat alloc_jsontx.json | jq .stateRoot && cat alloc_rlptx.json | jq .stateRoot
|
|||
## Transaction tool
|
||||
|
||||
The transaction tool is used to perform static validity checks on transactions such as:
|
||||
|
||||
* intrinsic gas calculation
|
||||
* max values on integers
|
||||
* fee semantics, such as `maxFeePerGas < maxPriorityFeePerGas`
|
||||
|
|
@ -499,6 +537,7 @@ The transaction tool is used to perform static validity checks on transactions s
|
|||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
./evm t9n --state.fork London --input.txs testdata/15/signed_txs.rlp
|
||||
[
|
||||
|
|
@ -514,6 +553,7 @@ The transaction tool is used to perform static validity checks on transactions s
|
|||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Block builder tool (b11r)
|
||||
|
||||
The `evm b11r` tool is used to assemble and seal full block rlps.
|
||||
|
|
@ -566,6 +606,7 @@ type Header struct {
|
|||
BaseFee *big.Int `json:"baseFeePerGas"`
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### `ommers`
|
||||
|
||||
The `ommers` object is a list of RLP-encoded ommer blocks in hex
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue