core/state: parallelize account trie updates in IntermediateRoot

core/state/statedb.go

@@ -814,6 +814,27 @@ func (s *StateDB) IntermediateRoot(deleteEmptyObjects bool) common.Hash {
 			s.prefetcher = nil // Pre-byzantium, unset any used up prefetcher
 		}()
 	}
+	// Channel for accounts that have finished storage trie update.
+	type accountReady struct {
+		addr common.Address
+		obj  *stateObject
+	}
+	accountUpdates := make(chan accountReady, len(s.mutations))
+	// Start a goroutine to update the account trie.
+	var accountUpdateDone sync.WaitGroup
+	accountUpdateDone.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer accountUpdateDone.Done()
+		for update := range accountUpdates {
+			start := time.Now()
+			s.updateStateObject(update.obj)
+			s.AccountUpdated += 1
+			if op, ok := s.mutations[update.addr]; ok {
+				op.applied = true
+			}
+			s.AccountUpdates += time.Since(start)
+		}
+	}()
 	// Process all storage updates concurrently. The state object update root
 	// method will internally call a blocking trie fetch from the prefetcher,
 	// so there's no need to explicitly wait for the prefetchers to finish.
@@ -834,9 +855,13 @@ func (s *StateDB) IntermediateRoot(deleteEmptyObjects bool) common.Hash {
 			continue
 		}
 		obj := s.stateObjects[addr] // closure for the task runner below
+		addr := addr
+		op := op
 		workers.Go(func() error {
 			if s.db.TrieDB().IsVerkle() {
 				obj.updateTrie()
+				op.applied = true
+				s.AccountUpdated += 1
 			} else {
 				obj.updateRoot()
 
@@ -845,6 +870,8 @@ func (s *StateDB) IntermediateRoot(deleteEmptyObjects bool) common.Hash {
 				if s.witness != nil && obj.trie != nil {
 					s.witness.AddState(obj.trie.Witness())
 				}
+				// Send the account to be updated in the account trie
+				accountUpdates <- accountReady{addr: addr, obj: obj}
 			}
 			return nil
 		})
@@ -908,7 +935,6 @@ func (s *StateDB) IntermediateRoot(deleteEmptyObjects bool) common.Hash {
 	// Don't check prefetcher if verkle trie has been used. In the context of verkle,
 	// only a single trie is used for state hashing. Replacing a non-nil verkle tree
 	// here could result in losing uncommitted changes from storage.
-	start = time.Now()
 	if s.prefetcher != nil {
 		if trie := s.prefetcher.trie(common.Hash{}, s.originalRoot); trie == nil {
 			log.Error("Failed to retrieve account pre-fetcher trie")
@@ -916,7 +942,11 @@ func (s *StateDB) IntermediateRoot(deleteEmptyObjects bool) common.Hash {
 			s.trie = trie
 		}
 	}
-	// Perform updates before deletions.  This prevents resolution of unnecessary trie nodes
+	// Close accountUpdates to terminate the account update goroutine's range loop.
+	close(accountUpdates)
+	// Wait for the account update goroutine to finish processing all accounts.
+	accountUpdateDone.Wait()
+	// Perform deletions after updates to prevent resolution of unnecessary trie nodes
 	// in circumstances similar to the following:
 	//
 	// Consider nodes `A` and `B` who share the same full node parent `P` and have no other siblings.
@@ -926,28 +956,18 @@ func (s *StateDB) IntermediateRoot(deleteEmptyObjects bool) common.Hash {
 	// If the self-destruct is handled first, then `P` would be left with only one child, thus collapsed
 	// into a shortnode. This requires `B` to be resolved from disk.
 	// Whereas if the created node is handled first, then the collapse is avoided, and `B` is not resolved.
-	var (
+	start = time.Now()
-		usedAddrs    []common.Address
+	usedAddrs := make([]common.Address, 0, len(s.mutations))
-		deletedAddrs []common.Address
-	)
 	for addr, op := range s.mutations {
-		if op.applied {
+		if !op.applied {
-			continue
-		}
 			op.applied = true
-
 			if op.isDelete() {
-			deletedAddrs = append(deletedAddrs, addr)
+				s.deleteStateObject(addr)
-		} else {
-			s.updateStateObject(s.stateObjects[addr])
-			s.AccountUpdated += 1
-		}
-		usedAddrs = append(usedAddrs, addr) // Copy needed for closure
-	}
-	for _, deletedAddr := range deletedAddrs {
-		s.deleteStateObject(deletedAddr)
 				s.AccountDeleted += 1
 			}
+		}
+		usedAddrs = append(usedAddrs, addr)
+	}
 	s.AccountUpdates += time.Since(start)
 
 	if s.prefetcher != nil {