diff --git a/ethdb/pebble/pebble.go b/ethdb/pebble/pebble.go
index 50612cee9a..522299c980 100644
--- a/ethdb/pebble/pebble.go
+++ b/ethdb/pebble/pebble.go
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/cockroachdb/errors"
 	"github.com/cockroachdb/pebble"
 	"github.com/cockroachdb/pebble/bloom"
 
@@ -136,7 +135,7 @@ func (l panicLogger) Errorf(format string, args ...interface{}) {
 }
 
 func (l panicLogger) Fatalf(format string, args ...interface{}) {
-	panic(errors.Errorf("fatal: "+format, args...))
+	panic(fmt.Errorf("fatal: "+format, args...))
 }
 
 // New returns a wrapped pebble DB object. The namespace is the prefix that the
@@ -628,10 +627,7 @@ func (b *batch) Replay(w ethdb.KeyValueWriter) error {
 
 	for {
 		kind, k, v, ok, err := reader.Next()
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		if !ok {
+		if !ok || err != nil {
 			break
 		}
 		// The (k,v) slices might be overwritten if the batch is reset/reused,
@@ -650,9 +646,12 @@ func (b *batch) Replay(w ethdb.KeyValueWriter) error {
 
 // pebbleIterator is a wrapper of underlying iterator in storage engine.
 // The purpose of this structure is to implement the missing APIs.
+//
+// The pebble iterator is not thread-safe.
 type pebbleIterator struct {
-	iter  *pebble.Iterator
-	moved bool
+	iter     *pebble.Iterator
+	moved    bool
+	released bool
 }
 
 // NewIterator creates a binary-alphabetical iterator over a subset
@@ -664,8 +663,7 @@ func (d *Database) NewIterator(prefix []byte, start []byte) ethdb.Iterator {
 		UpperBound: upperBound(prefix),
 	})
 	iter.First()
-
-	return &pebbleIterator{iter: iter, moved: true}
+	return &pebbleIterator{iter: iter, moved: true, released: false}
 }
 
 // Next moves the iterator to the next key/value pair. It returns whether the
@@ -701,4 +699,9 @@ func (iter *pebbleIterator) Value() []byte {
 
 // Release releases associated resources. Release should always succeed and can
 // be called multiple times without causing error.
-func (iter *pebbleIterator) Release() { iter.iter.Close() }
+func (iter *pebbleIterator) Release() {
+	if !iter.released {
+		iter.iter.Close()
+		iter.released = true
+	}
+}
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index 2a5c721e53..3f7497fdf9 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/btcsuite/btcd/btcec/v2 v2.3.2
 	github.com/cespare/cp v1.1.1
 	github.com/cloudflare/cloudflare-go v0.89.0
-	github.com/cockroachdb/errors v1.11.1
 	github.com/cockroachdb/pebble v1.1.0
 	github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto v0.12.1
 	github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk v0.50.4
@@ -124,8 +123,10 @@ require (
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/bits-and-blooms/bitset v1.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/cockroachdb/errors v1.11.1 // indirect
 	github.com/cockroachdb/logtags v0.0.0-20230118201751-21c54148d20b // indirect
 	github.com/cockroachdb/redact v1.1.5 // indirect
+	github.com/cockroachdb/tokenbucket v0.0.0-20230807174530-cc333fc44b06 // indirect
 	github.com/consensys/bavard v0.1.13 // indirect
 	github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/crate-crypto/go-ipa v0.0.0-20230905211650-63ccabc1a949 // indirect
@@ -133,10 +134,10 @@ require (
 	github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/garslo/gogen v0.0.0-20170306192744-1d203ffc1f61 // indirect
 	github.com/getsentry/sentry-go v0.18.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-ole/go-ole v1.2.6 // indirect
+	github.com/go-ole/go-ole v1.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-sourcemap/sourcemap v2.1.3+incompatible // indirect
 	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 // indirect
-	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.9 // indirect
+	github.com/google/go-querystring v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20230207041349-798e818bf904 // indirect
 	github.com/influxdata/line-protocol v0.0.0-20210311194329-9aa0e372d097 // indirect
 	github.com/jmespath/go-jmespath v0.4.0 // indirect
@@ -194,7 +195,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/btcsuite/btcutil v1.0.3-0.20201208143702-a53e38424cce // indirect
 	github.com/cbergoon/merkletree v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.2.1 // indirect
-	github.com/cockroachdb/tokenbucket v0.0.0-20230807174530-cc333fc44b06 // indirect
 	github.com/cosmos/go-bip39 v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cosmos/ledger-cosmos-go v0.13.0 // indirect
 	github.com/etcd-io/bbolt v1.3.3 // indirect
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.2 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20210331224755-41bb18bfe9da // indirect
 	github.com/gomodule/redigo v2.0.0+incompatible // indirect
-	github.com/google/go-querystring v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.9 // indirect
 	github.com/google/s2a-go v0.1.4 // indirect
 	github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2 v2.11.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/mux v1.8.0 // indirect
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index 324d6a83b5..3e7e59986e 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -1214,8 +1214,9 @@ github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 h1:hSWxHoqTgW2S2qGc0LTAI563KZ5YKYRhT3MFKZMbjag=
 github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2/go.mod h1:mMo/vtBO5dYbehREoey6XUKy/eSumjCCveDpRre4VKE=
 github.com/go-martini/martini v0.0.0-20170121215854-22fa46961aab/go.mod h1:/P9AEU963A2AYjv4d1V5eVL1CQbEJq6aCNHDDjibzu8=
 github.com/go-ole/go-ole v1.2.5/go.mod h1:pprOEPIfldk/42T2oK7lQ4v4JSDwmV0As9GaiUsvbm0=
-github.com/go-ole/go-ole v1.2.6 h1:/Fpf6oFPoeFik9ty7siob0G6Ke8QvQEuVcuChpwXzpY=
 github.com/go-ole/go-ole v1.2.6/go.mod h1:pprOEPIfldk/42T2oK7lQ4v4JSDwmV0As9GaiUsvbm0=
+github.com/go-ole/go-ole v1.3.0 h1:Dt6ye7+vXGIKZ7Xtk4s6/xVdGDQynvom7xCFEdWr6uE=
+github.com/go-ole/go-ole v1.3.0/go.mod h1:5LS6F96DhAwUc7C+1HLexzMXY1xGRSryjyPPKW6zv78=
 github.com/go-openapi/jsonpointer v0.19.5/go.mod h1:Pl9vOtqEWErmShwVjC8pYs9cog34VGT37dQOVbmoatg=
 github.com/go-openapi/swag v0.19.5/go.mod h1:POnQmlKehdgb5mhVOsnJFsivZCEZ/vjK9gh66Z9tfKk=
 github.com/go-pdf/fpdf v0.5.0/go.mod h1:HzcnA+A23uwogo0tp9yU+l3V+KXhiESpt1PMayhOh5M=