Merge branch 'ethereum:master' into master

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juga1980 2025-06-23 11:20:43 +02:00 committed by GitHub
commit 613935bd00
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21 changed files with 407 additions and 190 deletions

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@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ All hex encoded values must be prefixed with `0x`.
#### Create new password protected account
The signer will generate a new private key, encrypt it according to [web3 keystore spec](https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Web3-Secret-Storage-Definition) and store it in the keystore directory.
The signer will generate a new private key, encrypt it according to [web3 keystore spec](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/data-structures-and-encoding/web3-secret-storage/) and store it in the keystore directory.
The client is responsible for creating a backup of the keystore. If the keystore is lost there is no method of retrieving lost accounts.
#### Arguments

View file

@ -162,9 +162,10 @@ const (
// BlockChainConfig contains the configuration of the BlockChain object.
type BlockChainConfig struct {
// Trie database related options
TrieCleanLimit int // Memory allowance (MB) to use for caching trie nodes in memory
TrieDirtyLimit int // Memory limit (MB) at which to start flushing dirty trie nodes to disk
TrieTimeLimit time.Duration // Time limit after which to flush the current in-memory trie to disk
TrieCleanLimit int // Memory allowance (MB) to use for caching trie nodes in memory
TrieDirtyLimit int // Memory limit (MB) at which to start flushing dirty trie nodes to disk
TrieTimeLimit time.Duration // Time limit after which to flush the current in-memory trie to disk
TrieNoAsyncFlush bool // Whether the asynchronous buffer flushing is disallowed
Preimages bool // Whether to store preimage of trie key to the disk
StateHistory uint64 // Number of blocks from head whose state histories are reserved.
@ -210,7 +211,7 @@ func DefaultConfig() *BlockChainConfig {
}
}
// WithArchive enabled/disables archive mode on the config.
// WithArchive enables/disables archive mode on the config.
func (cfg BlockChainConfig) WithArchive(on bool) *BlockChainConfig {
cfg.ArchiveMode = on
return &cfg
@ -222,6 +223,12 @@ func (cfg BlockChainConfig) WithStateScheme(scheme string) *BlockChainConfig {
return &cfg
}
// WithNoAsyncFlush enables/disables asynchronous buffer flushing mode on the config.
func (cfg BlockChainConfig) WithNoAsyncFlush(on bool) *BlockChainConfig {
cfg.TrieNoAsyncFlush = on
return &cfg
}
// triedbConfig derives the configures for trie database.
func (cfg *BlockChainConfig) triedbConfig(isVerkle bool) *triedb.Config {
config := &triedb.Config{
@ -243,6 +250,7 @@ func (cfg *BlockChainConfig) triedbConfig(isVerkle bool) *triedb.Config {
// for flushing both trie data and state data to disk. The config name
// should be updated to eliminate the confusion.
WriteBufferSize: cfg.TrieDirtyLimit * 1024 * 1024,
NoAsyncFlush: cfg.TrieNoAsyncFlush,
}
}
return config
@ -1236,7 +1244,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) stopWithoutSaving() {
bc.scope.Close()
// Signal shutdown to all goroutines.
bc.StopInsert()
bc.InterruptInsert(true)
// Now wait for all chain modifications to end and persistent goroutines to exit.
//
@ -1310,11 +1318,15 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) Stop() {
log.Info("Blockchain stopped")
}
// StopInsert interrupts all insertion methods, causing them to return
// errInsertionInterrupted as soon as possible. Insertion is permanently disabled after
// calling this method.
func (bc *BlockChain) StopInsert() {
bc.procInterrupt.Store(true)
// InterruptInsert interrupts all insertion methods, causing them to return
// errInsertionInterrupted as soon as possible, or resume the chain insertion
// if required.
func (bc *BlockChain) InterruptInsert(on bool) {
if on {
bc.procInterrupt.Store(true)
} else {
bc.procInterrupt.Store(false)
}
}
// insertStopped returns true after StopInsert has been called.

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@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ func (basic *snapshotTestBasic) prepare(t *testing.T) (*BlockChain, []*types.Blo
}
engine = ethash.NewFullFaker()
)
chain, err := NewBlockChain(db, gspec, engine, DefaultConfig().WithStateScheme(basic.scheme))
chain, err := NewBlockChain(db, gspec, engine, DefaultConfig().WithStateScheme(basic.scheme).WithNoAsyncFlush(true))
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Failed to create chain: %v", err)
}
@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ func TestHighCommitCrashWithNewSnapshot(t *testing.T) {
//
// Expected head header : C8
// Expected head fast block: C8
// Expected head block : G (Hash mode), C6 (Hash mode)
// Expected head block : G (Hash mode), C6 (Path mode)
// Expected snapshot disk : C4 (Hash mode)
for _, scheme := range []string{rawdb.HashScheme, rawdb.PathScheme} {
expHead := uint64(0)

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@ -256,7 +256,9 @@ func newDbConfig(scheme string) *triedb.Config {
if scheme == rawdb.HashScheme {
return triedb.HashDefaults
}
return &triedb.Config{PathDB: pathdb.Defaults}
config := *pathdb.Defaults
config.NoAsyncFlush = true
return &triedb.Config{PathDB: &config}
}
func TestVerkleGenesisCommit(t *testing.T) {
@ -313,7 +315,14 @@ func TestVerkleGenesisCommit(t *testing.T) {
}
db := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
triedb := triedb.NewDatabase(db, triedb.VerkleDefaults)
config := *pathdb.Defaults
config.NoAsyncFlush = true
triedb := triedb.NewDatabase(db, &triedb.Config{
IsVerkle: true,
PathDB: &config,
})
block := genesis.MustCommit(db, triedb)
if !bytes.Equal(block.Root().Bytes(), expected) {
t.Fatalf("invalid genesis state root, expected %x, got %x", expected, block.Root())

View file

@ -168,6 +168,7 @@ func newHelper(scheme string) *testHelper {
if scheme == rawdb.PathScheme {
config.PathDB = &pathdb.Config{
SnapshotNoBuild: true,
NoAsyncFlush: true,
} // disable caching
} else {
config.HashDB = &hashdb.Config{} // disable caching

View file

@ -982,6 +982,7 @@ func testMissingTrieNodes(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
TrieCleanSize: 0,
StateCleanSize: 0,
WriteBufferSize: 0,
NoAsyncFlush: true,
}}) // disable caching
} else {
tdb = triedb.NewDatabase(memDb, &triedb.Config{HashDB: &hashdb.Config{
@ -1004,18 +1005,25 @@ func testMissingTrieNodes(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
// force-flush
tdb.Commit(root, false)
}
// Create a new state on the old root
state, _ = New(root, db)
// Now we clear out the memdb
it := memDb.NewIterator(nil, nil)
for it.Next() {
k := it.Key()
// Leave the root intact
if !bytes.Equal(k, root[:]) {
t.Logf("key: %x", k)
memDb.Delete(k)
if scheme == rawdb.HashScheme {
if !bytes.Equal(k, root[:]) {
t.Logf("key: %x", k)
memDb.Delete(k)
}
}
if scheme == rawdb.PathScheme {
rk := k[len(rawdb.TrieNodeAccountPrefix):]
if len(rk) != 0 {
t.Logf("key: %x", k)
memDb.Delete(k)
}
}
}
state, _ = New(root, db)
balance := state.GetBalance(addr)
// The removed elem should lead to it returning zero balance
if exp, got := uint64(0), balance.Uint64(); got != exp {

View file

@ -46,7 +46,9 @@ func makeTestState(scheme string) (ethdb.Database, Database, *triedb.Database, c
// Create an empty state
config := &triedb.Config{Preimages: true}
if scheme == rawdb.PathScheme {
config.PathDB = pathdb.Defaults
pconfig := *pathdb.Defaults
pconfig.NoAsyncFlush = true
config.PathDB = &pconfig
} else {
config.HashDB = hashdb.Defaults
}

View file

@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ func (p *statePrefetcher) Prefetch(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, c
workers errgroup.Group
reader = statedb.Reader()
)
workers.SetLimit(4 * runtime.NumCPU() / 5) // Aggressively run the prefetching
workers.SetLimit(max(1, 4*runtime.NumCPU()/5)) // Aggressively run the prefetching
// Iterate over and process the individual transactions
for i, tx := range block.Transactions() {

View file

@ -199,8 +199,8 @@ type BlockChain interface {
// InsertChain inserts a batch of blocks into the local chain.
InsertChain(types.Blocks) (int, error)
// StopInsert interrupts the inserting process.
StopInsert()
// InterruptInsert whether disables the chain insertion.
InterruptInsert(on bool)
// InsertReceiptChain inserts a batch of blocks along with their receipts
// into the local chain. Blocks older than the specified `ancientLimit`
@ -630,16 +630,15 @@ func (d *Downloader) cancel() {
// Cancel aborts all of the operations and waits for all download goroutines to
// finish before returning.
func (d *Downloader) Cancel() {
d.blockchain.InterruptInsert(true)
d.cancel()
d.cancelWg.Wait()
d.blockchain.InterruptInsert(false)
}
// Terminate interrupts the downloader, canceling all pending operations.
// The downloader cannot be reused after calling Terminate.
func (d *Downloader) Terminate() {
// Signal to stop inserting in-flight blocks
d.blockchain.StopInsert()
// Close the termination channel (make sure double close is allowed)
d.quitLock.Lock()
select {

View file

@ -1831,8 +1831,16 @@ func (api *DebugAPI) ChaindbCompact() error {
}
// SetHead rewinds the head of the blockchain to a previous block.
func (api *DebugAPI) SetHead(number hexutil.Uint64) {
func (api *DebugAPI) SetHead(number hexutil.Uint64) error {
header := api.b.CurrentHeader()
if header == nil {
return errors.New("current header is not available")
}
if header.Number.Uint64() <= uint64(number) {
return errors.New("not allowed to rewind to a future block")
}
api.b.SetHead(uint64(number))
return nil
}
// NetAPI offers network related RPC methods

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@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
package pathdb
import (
"errors"
"fmt"
"time"
@ -37,6 +38,13 @@ type buffer struct {
limit uint64 // The maximum memory allowance in bytes
nodes *nodeSet // Aggregated trie node set
states *stateSet // Aggregated state set
// done is the notifier whether the content in buffer has been flushed or not.
// This channel is nil if the buffer is not frozen.
done chan struct{}
// flushErr memorizes the error if any exception occurs during flushing
flushErr error
}
// newBuffer initializes the buffer with the provided states and trie nodes.
@ -61,7 +69,7 @@ func (b *buffer) account(hash common.Hash) ([]byte, bool) {
return b.states.account(hash)
}
// storage retrieves the storage slot with account address hash and slot key.
// storage retrieves the storage slot with account address hash and slot key hash.
func (b *buffer) storage(addrHash common.Hash, storageHash common.Hash) ([]byte, bool) {
return b.states.storage(addrHash, storageHash)
}
@ -124,43 +132,78 @@ func (b *buffer) size() uint64 {
// flush persists the in-memory dirty trie node into the disk if the configured
// memory threshold is reached. Note, all data must be written atomically.
func (b *buffer) flush(root common.Hash, db ethdb.KeyValueStore, freezer ethdb.AncientWriter, progress []byte, nodesCache, statesCache *fastcache.Cache, id uint64) error {
// Ensure the target state id is aligned with the internal counter.
head := rawdb.ReadPersistentStateID(db)
if head+b.layers != id {
return fmt.Errorf("buffer layers (%d) cannot be applied on top of persisted state id (%d) to reach requested state id (%d)", b.layers, head, id)
func (b *buffer) flush(root common.Hash, db ethdb.KeyValueStore, freezer ethdb.AncientWriter, progress []byte, nodesCache, statesCache *fastcache.Cache, id uint64, postFlush func()) {
if b.done != nil {
panic("duplicated flush operation")
}
// Terminate the state snapshot generation if it's active
var (
start = time.Now()
batch = db.NewBatchWithSize((b.nodes.dbsize() + b.states.dbsize()) * 11 / 10) // extra 10% for potential pebble internal stuff
)
// Explicitly sync the state freezer to ensure all written data is persisted to disk
// before updating the key-value store.
//
// This step is crucial to guarantee that the corresponding state history remains
// available for state rollback.
if freezer != nil {
if err := freezer.SyncAncient(); err != nil {
return err
}
}
nodes := b.nodes.write(batch, nodesCache)
accounts, slots := b.states.write(batch, progress, statesCache)
rawdb.WritePersistentStateID(batch, id)
rawdb.WriteSnapshotRoot(batch, root)
b.done = make(chan struct{}) // allocate the channel for notification
// Flush all mutations in a single batch
size := batch.ValueSize()
if err := batch.Write(); err != nil {
return err
}
commitBytesMeter.Mark(int64(size))
commitNodesMeter.Mark(int64(nodes))
commitAccountsMeter.Mark(int64(accounts))
commitStoragesMeter.Mark(int64(slots))
commitTimeTimer.UpdateSince(start)
b.reset()
log.Debug("Persisted buffer content", "nodes", nodes, "accounts", accounts, "slots", slots, "bytes", common.StorageSize(size), "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)))
return nil
// Schedule the background thread to construct the batch, which usually
// take a few seconds.
go func() {
defer func() {
if postFlush != nil {
postFlush()
}
close(b.done)
}()
// Ensure the target state id is aligned with the internal counter.
head := rawdb.ReadPersistentStateID(db)
if head+b.layers != id {
b.flushErr = fmt.Errorf("buffer layers (%d) cannot be applied on top of persisted state id (%d) to reach requested state id (%d)", b.layers, head, id)
return
}
// Terminate the state snapshot generation if it's active
var (
start = time.Now()
batch = db.NewBatchWithSize((b.nodes.dbsize() + b.states.dbsize()) * 11 / 10) // extra 10% for potential pebble internal stuff
)
// Explicitly sync the state freezer to ensure all written data is persisted to disk
// before updating the key-value store.
//
// This step is crucial to guarantee that the corresponding state history remains
// available for state rollback.
if freezer != nil {
if err := freezer.SyncAncient(); err != nil {
b.flushErr = err
return
}
}
nodes := b.nodes.write(batch, nodesCache)
accounts, slots := b.states.write(batch, progress, statesCache)
rawdb.WritePersistentStateID(batch, id)
rawdb.WriteSnapshotRoot(batch, root)
// Flush all mutations in a single batch
size := batch.ValueSize()
if err := batch.Write(); err != nil {
b.flushErr = err
return
}
commitBytesMeter.Mark(int64(size))
commitNodesMeter.Mark(int64(nodes))
commitAccountsMeter.Mark(int64(accounts))
commitStoragesMeter.Mark(int64(slots))
commitTimeTimer.UpdateSince(start)
// The content in the frozen buffer is kept for consequent state access,
// TODO (rjl493456442) measure the gc overhead for holding this struct.
// TODO (rjl493456442) can we somehow get rid of it after flushing??
// TODO (rjl493456442) buffer itself is not thread-safe, add the lock
// protection if try to reset the buffer here.
// b.reset()
log.Debug("Persisted buffer content", "nodes", nodes, "accounts", accounts, "slots", slots, "bytes", common.StorageSize(size), "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)))
}()
}
// waitFlush blocks until the buffer has been fully flushed and returns any
// stored errors that occurred during the process.
func (b *buffer) waitFlush() error {
if b.done == nil {
return errors.New("the buffer is not frozen")
}
<-b.done
return b.flushErr
}

View file

@ -119,7 +119,11 @@ type Config struct {
StateCleanSize int // Maximum memory allowance (in bytes) for caching clean state data
WriteBufferSize int // Maximum memory allowance (in bytes) for write buffer
ReadOnly bool // Flag whether the database is opened in read only mode
SnapshotNoBuild bool // Flag Whether the background generation is allowed
// Testing configurations
SnapshotNoBuild bool // Flag Whether the state generation is allowed
NoAsyncFlush bool // Flag whether the background buffer flushing is allowed
NoAsyncGeneration bool // Flag whether the background generation is allowed
}
// sanitize checks the provided user configurations and changes anything that's
@ -366,6 +370,12 @@ func (db *Database) setStateGenerator() error {
}
stats.log("Starting snapshot generation", root, generator.Marker)
dl.generator.run(root)
// Block until the generation completes. It's the feature used in
// unit tests.
if db.config.NoAsyncGeneration {
<-dl.generator.done
}
return nil
}
@ -434,8 +444,8 @@ func (db *Database) Disable() error {
// Terminate the state generator if it's active and mark the disk layer
// as stale to prevent access to persistent state.
disk := db.tree.bottom()
if disk.generator != nil {
disk.generator.stop()
if err := disk.terminate(); err != nil {
return err
}
disk.markStale()
@ -592,12 +602,14 @@ func (db *Database) Close() error {
// following mutations.
db.readOnly = true
// Terminate the background generation if it's active
disk := db.tree.bottom()
if disk.generator != nil {
disk.generator.stop()
// Block until the background flushing is finished. It must
// be done before terminating the potential background snapshot
// generator.
dl := db.tree.bottom()
if err := dl.terminate(); err != nil {
return err
}
disk.resetCache() // release the memory held by clean cache
dl.resetCache() // release the memory held by clean cache
// Close the attached state history freezer.
if db.freezer == nil {
@ -662,16 +674,6 @@ func (db *Database) HistoryRange() (uint64, uint64, error) {
return historyRange(db.freezer)
}
// waitGeneration waits until the background generation is finished. It assumes
// that the generation is permitted; otherwise, it will block indefinitely.
func (db *Database) waitGeneration() {
gen := db.tree.bottom().generator
if gen == nil || gen.completed() {
return
}
<-gen.done
}
// AccountIterator creates a new account iterator for the specified root hash and
// seeks to a starting account hash.
func (db *Database) AccountIterator(root common.Hash, seek common.Hash) (AccountIterator, error) {
@ -681,7 +683,7 @@ func (db *Database) AccountIterator(root common.Hash, seek common.Hash) (Account
if wait {
return nil, errDatabaseWaitSync
}
if gen := db.tree.bottom().generator; gen != nil && !gen.completed() {
if !db.tree.bottom().genComplete() {
return nil, errNotConstructed
}
return newFastAccountIterator(db, root, seek)
@ -696,7 +698,7 @@ func (db *Database) StorageIterator(root common.Hash, account common.Hash, seek
if wait {
return nil, errDatabaseWaitSync
}
if gen := db.tree.bottom().generator; gen != nil && !gen.completed() {
if !db.tree.bottom().genComplete() {
return nil, errNotConstructed
}
return newFastStorageIterator(db, root, account, seek)

View file

@ -129,6 +129,7 @@ func newTester(t *testing.T, historyLimit uint64, isVerkle bool, layers int) *te
TrieCleanSize: 256 * 1024,
StateCleanSize: 256 * 1024,
WriteBufferSize: 256 * 1024,
NoAsyncFlush: true,
}, isVerkle)
obj = &tester{

View file

@ -41,17 +41,20 @@ type diskLayer struct {
nodes *fastcache.Cache // GC friendly memory cache of clean nodes
states *fastcache.Cache // GC friendly memory cache of clean states
buffer *buffer // Dirty buffer to aggregate writes of nodes and states
stale bool // Signals that the layer became stale (state progressed)
lock sync.RWMutex // Lock used to protect stale flag and genMarker
buffer *buffer // Live buffer to aggregate writes
frozen *buffer // Frozen node buffer waiting for flushing
stale bool // Signals that the layer became stale (state progressed)
lock sync.RWMutex // Lock used to protect stale flag and genMarker
// The generator is set if the state snapshot was not fully completed,
// regardless of whether the background generation is running or not.
// It should only be unset if the generation completes.
generator *generator
}
// newDiskLayer creates a new disk layer based on the passing arguments.
func newDiskLayer(root common.Hash, id uint64, db *Database, nodes *fastcache.Cache, states *fastcache.Cache, buffer *buffer) *diskLayer {
func newDiskLayer(root common.Hash, id uint64, db *Database, nodes *fastcache.Cache, states *fastcache.Cache, buffer *buffer, frozen *buffer) *diskLayer {
// Initialize the clean caches if the memory allowance is not zero
// or reuse the provided caches if they are not nil (inherited from
// the original disk layer).
@ -68,6 +71,7 @@ func newDiskLayer(root common.Hash, id uint64, db *Database, nodes *fastcache.Ca
nodes: nodes,
states: states,
buffer: buffer,
frozen: frozen,
}
}
@ -114,16 +118,19 @@ func (dl *diskLayer) node(owner common.Hash, path []byte, depth int) ([]byte, co
if dl.stale {
return nil, common.Hash{}, nil, errSnapshotStale
}
// Try to retrieve the trie node from the not-yet-written
// node buffer first. Note the buffer is lock free since
// it's impossible to mutate the buffer before tagging the
// layer as stale.
n, found := dl.buffer.node(owner, path)
if found {
dirtyNodeHitMeter.Mark(1)
dirtyNodeReadMeter.Mark(int64(len(n.Blob)))
dirtyNodeHitDepthHist.Update(int64(depth))
return n.Blob, n.Hash, &nodeLoc{loc: locDirtyCache, depth: depth}, nil
// Try to retrieve the trie node from the not-yet-written node buffer first
// (both the live one and the frozen one). Note the buffer is lock free since
// it's impossible to mutate the buffer before tagging the layer as stale.
for _, buffer := range []*buffer{dl.buffer, dl.frozen} {
if buffer != nil {
n, found := buffer.node(owner, path)
if found {
dirtyNodeHitMeter.Mark(1)
dirtyNodeReadMeter.Mark(int64(len(n.Blob)))
dirtyNodeHitDepthHist.Update(int64(depth))
return n.Blob, n.Hash, &nodeLoc{loc: locDirtyCache, depth: depth}, nil
}
}
}
dirtyNodeMissMeter.Mark(1)
@ -144,6 +151,11 @@ func (dl *diskLayer) node(owner common.Hash, path []byte, depth int) ([]byte, co
} else {
blob = rawdb.ReadStorageTrieNode(dl.db.diskdb, owner, path)
}
// Store the resolved data in the clean cache. The background buffer flusher
// may also write to the clean cache concurrently, but two writers cannot
// write the same item with different content. If the item already exists,
// it will be found in the frozen buffer, eliminating the need to check the
// database.
if dl.nodes != nil && len(blob) > 0 {
dl.nodes.Set(key, blob)
cleanNodeWriteMeter.Mark(int64(len(blob)))
@ -162,22 +174,25 @@ func (dl *diskLayer) account(hash common.Hash, depth int) ([]byte, error) {
if dl.stale {
return nil, errSnapshotStale
}
// Try to retrieve the account from the not-yet-written
// node buffer first. Note the buffer is lock free since
// it's impossible to mutate the buffer before tagging the
// layer as stale.
blob, found := dl.buffer.account(hash)
if found {
dirtyStateHitMeter.Mark(1)
dirtyStateReadMeter.Mark(int64(len(blob)))
dirtyStateHitDepthHist.Update(int64(depth))
// Try to retrieve the trie node from the not-yet-written node buffer first
// (both the live one and the frozen one). Note the buffer is lock free since
// it's impossible to mutate the buffer before tagging the layer as stale.
for _, buffer := range []*buffer{dl.buffer, dl.frozen} {
if buffer != nil {
blob, found := buffer.account(hash)
if found {
dirtyStateHitMeter.Mark(1)
dirtyStateReadMeter.Mark(int64(len(blob)))
dirtyStateHitDepthHist.Update(int64(depth))
if len(blob) == 0 {
stateAccountInexMeter.Mark(1)
} else {
stateAccountExistMeter.Mark(1)
if len(blob) == 0 {
stateAccountInexMeter.Mark(1)
} else {
stateAccountExistMeter.Mark(1)
}
return blob, nil
}
}
return blob, nil
}
dirtyStateMissMeter.Mark(1)
@ -203,7 +218,13 @@ func (dl *diskLayer) account(hash common.Hash, depth int) ([]byte, error) {
cleanStateMissMeter.Mark(1)
}
// Try to retrieve the account from the disk.
blob = rawdb.ReadAccountSnapshot(dl.db.diskdb, hash)
blob := rawdb.ReadAccountSnapshot(dl.db.diskdb, hash)
// Store the resolved data in the clean cache. The background buffer flusher
// may also write to the clean cache concurrently, but two writers cannot
// write the same item with different content. If the item already exists,
// it will be found in the frozen buffer, eliminating the need to check the
// database.
if dl.states != nil {
dl.states.Set(hash[:], blob)
cleanStateWriteMeter.Mark(int64(len(blob)))
@ -231,21 +252,24 @@ func (dl *diskLayer) storage(accountHash, storageHash common.Hash, depth int) ([
if dl.stale {
return nil, errSnapshotStale
}
// Try to retrieve the storage slot from the not-yet-written
// node buffer first. Note the buffer is lock free since
// it's impossible to mutate the buffer before tagging the
// layer as stale.
if blob, found := dl.buffer.storage(accountHash, storageHash); found {
dirtyStateHitMeter.Mark(1)
dirtyStateReadMeter.Mark(int64(len(blob)))
dirtyStateHitDepthHist.Update(int64(depth))
// Try to retrieve the trie node from the not-yet-written node buffer first
// (both the live one and the frozen one). Note the buffer is lock free since
// it's impossible to mutate the buffer before tagging the layer as stale.
for _, buffer := range []*buffer{dl.buffer, dl.frozen} {
if buffer != nil {
if blob, found := buffer.storage(accountHash, storageHash); found {
dirtyStateHitMeter.Mark(1)
dirtyStateReadMeter.Mark(int64(len(blob)))
dirtyStateHitDepthHist.Update(int64(depth))
if len(blob) == 0 {
stateStorageInexMeter.Mark(1)
} else {
stateStorageExistMeter.Mark(1)
if len(blob) == 0 {
stateStorageInexMeter.Mark(1)
} else {
stateStorageExistMeter.Mark(1)
}
return blob, nil
}
}
return blob, nil
}
dirtyStateMissMeter.Mark(1)
@ -273,6 +297,12 @@ func (dl *diskLayer) storage(accountHash, storageHash common.Hash, depth int) ([
}
// Try to retrieve the account from the disk
blob := rawdb.ReadStorageSnapshot(dl.db.diskdb, accountHash, storageHash)
// Store the resolved data in the clean cache. The background buffer flusher
// may also write to the clean cache concurrently, but two writers cannot
// write the same item with different content. If the item already exists,
// it will be found in the frozen buffer, eliminating the need to check the
// database.
if dl.states != nil {
dl.states.Set(key, blob)
cleanStateWriteMeter.Mark(int64(len(blob)))
@ -341,7 +371,8 @@ func (dl *diskLayer) commit(bottom *diffLayer, force bool) (*diskLayer, error) {
// truncation) surpasses the persisted state ID, we take the necessary action
// of forcibly committing the cached dirty states to ensure that the persisted
// state ID remains higher.
if !force && rawdb.ReadPersistentStateID(dl.db.diskdb) < oldest {
persistedID := rawdb.ReadPersistentStateID(dl.db.diskdb)
if !force && persistedID < oldest {
force = true
}
// Merge the trie nodes and flat states of the bottom-most diff layer into the
@ -351,12 +382,25 @@ func (dl *diskLayer) commit(bottom *diffLayer, force bool) (*diskLayer, error) {
// Terminate the background state snapshot generation before mutating the
// persistent state.
if combined.full() || force {
// Wait until the previous frozen buffer is fully flushed
if dl.frozen != nil {
if err := dl.frozen.waitFlush(); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
}
// Release the frozen buffer and the internally referenced maps will
// be reclaimed by GC.
dl.frozen = nil
// Terminate the background state snapshot generator before flushing
// to prevent data race.
var progress []byte
if dl.generator != nil {
dl.generator.stop()
progress = dl.generator.progressMarker()
var (
progress []byte
gen = dl.generator
)
if gen != nil {
gen.stop()
progress = gen.progressMarker()
// If the snapshot has been fully generated, unset the generator
if progress == nil {
@ -365,18 +409,33 @@ func (dl *diskLayer) commit(bottom *diffLayer, force bool) (*diskLayer, error) {
log.Info("Paused snapshot generation")
}
}
// Flush the content in combined buffer. Any state data after the progress
// marker will be ignored, as the generator will pick it up later.
if err := combined.flush(bottom.root, dl.db.diskdb, dl.db.freezer, progress, dl.nodes, dl.states, bottom.stateID()); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// Resume the background generation if it's not completed yet
if progress != nil {
dl.generator.run(bottom.root)
// Freeze the live buffer and schedule background flushing
dl.frozen = combined
dl.frozen.flush(bottom.root, dl.db.diskdb, dl.db.freezer, progress, dl.nodes, dl.states, bottom.stateID(), func() {
// Resume the background generation if it's not completed yet.
// The generator is assumed to be available if the progress is
// not nil.
//
// Notably, the generator will be shared and linked by all the
// disk layer instances, regardless of the generation is terminated
// or not.
if progress != nil {
gen.run(bottom.root)
}
})
// Block until the frozen buffer is fully flushed out if the async flushing
// is not allowed, or if the oldest history surpasses the persisted state ID.
if dl.db.config.NoAsyncFlush || persistedID < oldest {
if err := dl.frozen.waitFlush(); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
dl.frozen = nil
}
combined = newBuffer(dl.db.config.WriteBufferSize, nil, nil, 0)
}
// Link the generator if snapshot is not yet completed
ndl := newDiskLayer(bottom.root, bottom.stateID(), dl.db, dl.nodes, dl.states, combined)
ndl := newDiskLayer(bottom.root, bottom.stateID(), dl.db, dl.nodes, dl.states, combined, dl.frozen)
if dl.generator != nil {
ndl.setGenerator(dl.generator)
}
@ -428,7 +487,7 @@ func (dl *diskLayer) revert(h *history) (*diskLayer, error) {
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
ndl := newDiskLayer(h.meta.parent, dl.id-1, dl.db, dl.nodes, dl.states, dl.buffer)
ndl := newDiskLayer(h.meta.parent, dl.id-1, dl.db, dl.nodes, dl.states, dl.buffer, dl.frozen)
// Link the generator if it exists
if dl.generator != nil {
@ -437,7 +496,19 @@ func (dl *diskLayer) revert(h *history) (*diskLayer, error) {
log.Debug("Reverted data in write buffer", "oldroot", h.meta.root, "newroot", h.meta.parent, "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)))
return ndl, nil
}
// Terminate the generation before writing any data into database
// Block until the frozen buffer is fully flushed
if dl.frozen != nil {
if err := dl.frozen.waitFlush(); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// Unset the frozen buffer if it exists, otherwise these "reverted"
// states will still be accessible after revert in frozen buffer.
dl.frozen = nil
}
// Terminate the generator before writing any data to the database.
// This must be done after flushing the frozen buffer, as the generator
// may be restarted at the end of the flush process.
var progress []byte
if dl.generator != nil {
dl.generator.stop()
@ -455,7 +526,7 @@ func (dl *diskLayer) revert(h *history) (*diskLayer, error) {
}
// Link the generator and resume generation if the snapshot is not yet
// fully completed.
ndl := newDiskLayer(h.meta.parent, dl.id-1, dl.db, dl.nodes, dl.states, dl.buffer)
ndl := newDiskLayer(h.meta.parent, dl.id-1, dl.db, dl.nodes, dl.states, dl.buffer, dl.frozen)
if dl.generator != nil && !dl.generator.completed() {
ndl.generator = dl.generator
ndl.generator.run(h.meta.parent)
@ -500,3 +571,41 @@ func (dl *diskLayer) genMarker() []byte {
}
return dl.generator.progressMarker()
}
// genComplete returns a flag indicating whether the state snapshot has been
// fully generated.
func (dl *diskLayer) genComplete() bool {
dl.lock.RLock()
defer dl.lock.RUnlock()
return dl.genMarker() == nil
}
// waitFlush blocks until the background buffer flush is completed.
func (dl *diskLayer) waitFlush() error {
dl.lock.RLock()
defer dl.lock.RUnlock()
if dl.frozen == nil {
return nil
}
return dl.frozen.waitFlush()
}
// terminate releases the frozen buffer if it's not nil and terminates the
// background state generator.
func (dl *diskLayer) terminate() error {
dl.lock.Lock()
defer dl.lock.Unlock()
if dl.frozen != nil {
if err := dl.frozen.waitFlush(); err != nil {
return err
}
dl.frozen = nil
}
if dl.generator != nil {
dl.generator.stop()
}
return nil
}

View file

@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ func generateSnapshot(triedb *Database, root common.Hash, noBuild bool) *diskLay
stats = &generatorStats{start: time.Now()}
genMarker = []byte{} // Initialized but empty!
)
dl := newDiskLayer(root, 0, triedb, nil, nil, newBuffer(triedb.config.WriteBufferSize, nil, nil, 0))
dl := newDiskLayer(root, 0, triedb, nil, nil, newBuffer(triedb.config.WriteBufferSize, nil, nil, 0), nil)
dl.setGenerator(newGenerator(triedb.diskdb, noBuild, genMarker, stats))
if !noBuild {

View file

@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ func newGenTester() *genTester {
disk := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
config := *Defaults
config.SnapshotNoBuild = true // no background generation
config.NoAsyncFlush = true // no async flush
db := New(disk, &config, false)
tr, _ := trie.New(trie.StateTrieID(types.EmptyRootHash), db)
return &genTester{

View file

@ -45,6 +45,10 @@ type binaryIterator struct {
// accounts in a slow, but easily verifiable way. Note this function is used
// for initialization, use `newBinaryAccountIterator` as the API.
func (dl *diskLayer) initBinaryAccountIterator(seek common.Hash) *binaryIterator {
// Block until the frozen buffer flushing is completed.
if err := dl.waitFlush(); err != nil {
panic(err)
}
// The state set in the disk layer is mutable, hold the lock before obtaining
// the account list to prevent concurrent map iteration and write.
dl.lock.RLock()
@ -113,6 +117,10 @@ func (dl *diffLayer) initBinaryAccountIterator(seek common.Hash) *binaryIterator
// storage slots in a slow, but easily verifiable way. Note this function is used
// for initialization, use `newBinaryStorageIterator` as the API.
func (dl *diskLayer) initBinaryStorageIterator(account common.Hash, seek common.Hash) *binaryIterator {
// Block until the frozen buffer flushing is completed.
if err := dl.waitFlush(); err != nil {
panic(err)
}
// The state set in the disk layer is mutable, hold the lock before obtaining
// the storage list to prevent concurrent map iteration and write.
dl.lock.RLock()

View file

@ -76,6 +76,11 @@ func newFastIterator(db *Database, root common.Hash, account common.Hash, seek c
if accountIterator {
switch dl := current.(type) {
case *diskLayer:
// Ensure no active background buffer flush is in progress, otherwise,
// part of the state data may become invisible.
if err := dl.waitFlush(); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// The state set in the disk layer is mutable, hold the lock before obtaining
// the account list to prevent concurrent map iteration and write.
dl.lock.RLock()
@ -113,6 +118,11 @@ func newFastIterator(db *Database, root common.Hash, account common.Hash, seek c
} else {
switch dl := current.(type) {
case *diskLayer:
// Ensure no active background buffer flush is in progress, otherwise,
// part of the state data may become invisible.
if err := dl.waitFlush(); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// The state set in the disk layer is mutable, hold the lock before obtaining
// the storage list to prevent concurrent map iteration and write.
dl.lock.RLock()

View file

@ -254,10 +254,9 @@ func TestFastIteratorBasics(t *testing.T) {
// TestAccountIteratorTraversal tests some simple multi-layer iteration.
func TestAccountIteratorTraversal(t *testing.T) {
config := &Config{
WriteBufferSize: 0,
NoAsyncGeneration: true,
}
db := New(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), config, false)
db.waitGeneration()
// Stack three diff layers on top with various overlaps
db.Update(common.HexToHash("0x02"), types.EmptyRootHash, 0, trienode.NewMergedNodeSet(),
@ -298,10 +297,9 @@ func TestAccountIteratorTraversal(t *testing.T) {
func TestStorageIteratorTraversal(t *testing.T) {
config := &Config{
WriteBufferSize: 0,
NoAsyncGeneration: true,
}
db := New(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), config, false)
db.waitGeneration()
// Stack three diff layers on top with various overlaps
db.Update(common.HexToHash("0x02"), types.EmptyRootHash, 0, trienode.NewMergedNodeSet(),
@ -311,14 +309,14 @@ func TestStorageIteratorTraversal(t *testing.T) {
NewStateSetWithOrigin(randomAccountSet("0xaa"), randomStorageSet([]string{"0xaa"}, [][]string{{"0x04", "0x05", "0x06"}}, nil), nil, nil, false))
db.Update(common.HexToHash("0x04"), common.HexToHash("0x03"), 0, trienode.NewMergedNodeSet(),
NewStateSetWithOrigin(randomAccountSet("0xaa"), randomStorageSet([]string{"0xaa"}, [][]string{{"0x01", "0x02", "0x03"}}, nil), nil, nil, false))
NewStateSetWithOrigin(randomAccountSet("0xaa"), randomStorageSet([]string{"0xaa"}, [][]string{{"0x01", "0x02"}}, nil), nil, nil, false))
// Verify the single and multi-layer iterators
head := db.tree.get(common.HexToHash("0x04"))
// singleLayer: 0x1, 0x2, 0x3
diffIter := newDiffStorageIterator(common.HexToHash("0xaa"), common.Hash{}, head.(*diffLayer).states.stateSet.storageList(common.HexToHash("0xaa")), nil)
verifyIterator(t, 3, diffIter, verifyNothing)
verifyIterator(t, 2, diffIter, verifyNothing)
// binaryIterator: 0x1, 0x2, 0x3, 0x4, 0x5, 0x6
verifyIterator(t, 6, head.(*diffLayer).newBinaryStorageIterator(common.HexToHash("0xaa"), common.Hash{}), verifyStorage)
@ -342,10 +340,9 @@ func TestStorageIteratorTraversal(t *testing.T) {
// also expect the correct values to show up.
func TestAccountIteratorTraversalValues(t *testing.T) {
config := &Config{
WriteBufferSize: 0,
NoAsyncGeneration: true,
}
db := New(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), config, false)
db.waitGeneration()
// Create a batch of account sets to seed subsequent layers with
var (
@ -458,10 +455,9 @@ func TestAccountIteratorTraversalValues(t *testing.T) {
func TestStorageIteratorTraversalValues(t *testing.T) {
config := &Config{
WriteBufferSize: 0,
NoAsyncGeneration: true,
}
db := New(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), config, false)
db.waitGeneration()
wrapStorage := func(storage map[common.Hash][]byte) map[common.Hash]map[common.Hash][]byte {
return map[common.Hash]map[common.Hash][]byte{
@ -591,10 +587,9 @@ func TestAccountIteratorLargeTraversal(t *testing.T) {
}
// Build up a large stack of snapshots
config := &Config{
WriteBufferSize: 0,
NoAsyncGeneration: true,
}
db := New(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), config, false)
db.waitGeneration()
for i := 1; i < 128; i++ {
parent := types.EmptyRootHash
@ -630,10 +625,10 @@ func TestAccountIteratorLargeTraversal(t *testing.T) {
// - continues iterating
func TestAccountIteratorFlattening(t *testing.T) {
config := &Config{
WriteBufferSize: 10 * 1024,
WriteBufferSize: 10 * 1024,
NoAsyncGeneration: true,
}
db := New(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), config, false)
db.waitGeneration()
// Create a stack of diffs on top
db.Update(common.HexToHash("0x02"), types.EmptyRootHash, 1, trienode.NewMergedNodeSet(),
@ -662,11 +657,24 @@ func TestAccountIteratorFlattening(t *testing.T) {
}
func TestAccountIteratorSeek(t *testing.T) {
t.Run("fast", func(t *testing.T) {
testAccountIteratorSeek(t, func(db *Database, root, seek common.Hash) AccountIterator {
it, _ := db.AccountIterator(root, seek)
return it
})
})
t.Run("binary", func(t *testing.T) {
testAccountIteratorSeek(t, func(db *Database, root, seek common.Hash) AccountIterator {
return db.tree.get(root).(*diffLayer).newBinaryAccountIterator(seek)
})
})
}
func testAccountIteratorSeek(t *testing.T, newIterator func(db *Database, root, seek common.Hash) AccountIterator) {
config := &Config{
WriteBufferSize: 0,
NoAsyncGeneration: true,
}
db := New(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), config, false)
db.waitGeneration()
db.Update(common.HexToHash("0x02"), types.EmptyRootHash, 1, trienode.NewMergedNodeSet(),
NewStateSetWithOrigin(randomAccountSet("0xaa", "0xee", "0xff", "0xf0"), nil, nil, nil, false))
@ -682,39 +690,39 @@ func TestAccountIteratorSeek(t *testing.T) {
// 03: aa, bb, dd, ee, f0 (, f0), ff
// 04: aa, bb, cc, dd, ee, f0 (, f0), ff (, ff)
// Construct various iterators and ensure their traversal is correct
it, _ := db.AccountIterator(common.HexToHash("0x02"), common.HexToHash("0xdd"))
it := newIterator(db, common.HexToHash("0x02"), common.HexToHash("0xdd"))
defer it.Release()
verifyIterator(t, 3, it, verifyAccount) // expected: ee, f0, ff
it, _ = db.AccountIterator(common.HexToHash("0x02"), common.HexToHash("0xaa"))
it = newIterator(db, common.HexToHash("0x02"), common.HexToHash("0xaa"))
defer it.Release()
verifyIterator(t, 4, it, verifyAccount) // expected: aa, ee, f0, ff
it, _ = db.AccountIterator(common.HexToHash("0x02"), common.HexToHash("0xff"))
it = newIterator(db, common.HexToHash("0x02"), common.HexToHash("0xff"))
defer it.Release()
verifyIterator(t, 1, it, verifyAccount) // expected: ff
it, _ = db.AccountIterator(common.HexToHash("0x02"), common.HexToHash("0xff1"))
it = newIterator(db, common.HexToHash("0x02"), common.HexToHash("0xff1"))
defer it.Release()
verifyIterator(t, 0, it, verifyAccount) // expected: nothing
it, _ = db.AccountIterator(common.HexToHash("0x04"), common.HexToHash("0xbb"))
it = newIterator(db, common.HexToHash("0x04"), common.HexToHash("0xbb"))
defer it.Release()
verifyIterator(t, 6, it, verifyAccount) // expected: bb, cc, dd, ee, f0, ff
it, _ = db.AccountIterator(common.HexToHash("0x04"), common.HexToHash("0xef"))
it = newIterator(db, common.HexToHash("0x04"), common.HexToHash("0xef"))
defer it.Release()
verifyIterator(t, 2, it, verifyAccount) // expected: f0, ff
it, _ = db.AccountIterator(common.HexToHash("0x04"), common.HexToHash("0xf0"))
it = newIterator(db, common.HexToHash("0x04"), common.HexToHash("0xf0"))
defer it.Release()
verifyIterator(t, 2, it, verifyAccount) // expected: f0, ff
it, _ = db.AccountIterator(common.HexToHash("0x04"), common.HexToHash("0xff"))
it = newIterator(db, common.HexToHash("0x04"), common.HexToHash("0xff"))
defer it.Release()
verifyIterator(t, 1, it, verifyAccount) // expected: ff
it, _ = db.AccountIterator(common.HexToHash("0x04"), common.HexToHash("0xff1"))
it = newIterator(db, common.HexToHash("0x04"), common.HexToHash("0xff1"))
defer it.Release()
verifyIterator(t, 0, it, verifyAccount) // expected: nothing
}
@ -735,10 +743,9 @@ func TestStorageIteratorSeek(t *testing.T) {
func testStorageIteratorSeek(t *testing.T, newIterator func(db *Database, root, account, seek common.Hash) StorageIterator) {
config := &Config{
WriteBufferSize: 0,
NoAsyncGeneration: true,
}
db := New(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), config, false)
db.waitGeneration()
// Stack three diff layers on top with various overlaps
db.Update(common.HexToHash("0x02"), types.EmptyRootHash, 1, trienode.NewMergedNodeSet(),
@ -807,10 +814,9 @@ func TestAccountIteratorDeletions(t *testing.T) {
func testAccountIteratorDeletions(t *testing.T, newIterator func(db *Database, root, seek common.Hash) AccountIterator) {
config := &Config{
WriteBufferSize: 0,
NoAsyncGeneration: true,
}
db := New(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), config, false)
db.waitGeneration()
// Stack three diff layers on top with various overlaps
db.Update(common.HexToHash("0x02"), types.EmptyRootHash, 1, trienode.NewMergedNodeSet(),
@ -847,10 +853,9 @@ func testAccountIteratorDeletions(t *testing.T, newIterator func(db *Database, r
func TestStorageIteratorDeletions(t *testing.T) {
config := &Config{
WriteBufferSize: 0,
NoAsyncGeneration: true,
}
db := New(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), config, false)
db.waitGeneration()
// Stack three diff layers on top with various overlaps
db.Update(common.HexToHash("0x02"), types.EmptyRootHash, 1, trienode.NewMergedNodeSet(),
@ -915,10 +920,10 @@ func TestStaleIterator(t *testing.T) {
func testStaleIterator(t *testing.T, newIter func(db *Database, hash common.Hash) Iterator) {
config := &Config{
WriteBufferSize: 16 * 1024 * 1024,
WriteBufferSize: 16 * 1024 * 1024,
NoAsyncGeneration: true,
}
db := New(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), config, false)
db.waitGeneration()
// [02 (disk), 03]
db.Update(common.HexToHash("0x02"), types.EmptyRootHash, 1, trienode.NewMergedNodeSet(),
@ -970,10 +975,9 @@ func BenchmarkAccountIteratorTraversal(b *testing.B) {
return accounts
}
config := &Config{
WriteBufferSize: 0,
NoAsyncGeneration: true,
}
db := New(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), config, false)
db.waitGeneration()
for i := 1; i <= 100; i++ {
parent := types.EmptyRootHash
@ -1065,10 +1069,9 @@ func BenchmarkAccountIteratorLargeBaselayer(b *testing.B) {
return accounts
}
config := &Config{
WriteBufferSize: 0,
NoAsyncGeneration: true,
}
db := New(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), config, false)
db.waitGeneration()
db.Update(common.HexToHash("0x02"), types.EmptyRootHash, 1, trienode.NewMergedNodeSet(), NewStateSetWithOrigin(makeAccounts(2000), nil, nil, nil, false))
for i := 2; i <= 100; i++ {

View file

@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ func (db *Database) loadLayers() layer {
log.Info("Failed to load journal, discard it", "err", err)
}
// Return single layer with persistent state.
return newDiskLayer(root, rawdb.ReadPersistentStateID(db.diskdb), db, nil, nil, newBuffer(db.config.WriteBufferSize, nil, nil, 0))
return newDiskLayer(root, rawdb.ReadPersistentStateID(db.diskdb), db, nil, nil, newBuffer(db.config.WriteBufferSize, nil, nil, 0), nil)
}
// loadDiskLayer reads the binary blob from the layer journal, reconstructing
@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ func (db *Database) loadDiskLayer(r *rlp.Stream) (layer, error) {
if err := states.decode(r); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return newDiskLayer(root, id, db, nil, nil, newBuffer(db.config.WriteBufferSize, &nodes, &states, id-stored)), nil
return newDiskLayer(root, id, db, nil, nil, newBuffer(db.config.WriteBufferSize, &nodes, &states, id-stored), nil), nil
}
// loadDiffLayer reads the next sections of a layer journal, reconstructing a new
@ -301,9 +301,10 @@ func (db *Database) Journal(root common.Hash) error {
} else { // disk layer only on noop runs (likely) or deep reorgs (unlikely)
log.Info("Persisting dirty state to disk", "root", root, "layers", disk.buffer.layers)
}
// Terminate the background state generation if it's active
if disk.generator != nil {
disk.generator.stop()
// Block until the background flushing is finished and terminate
// the potential active state generator.
if err := disk.terminate(); err != nil {
return err
}
start := time.Now()

View file

@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ import (
func newTestLayerTree() *layerTree {
db := New(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), nil, false)
l := newDiskLayer(common.Hash{0x1}, 0, db, nil, nil, newBuffer(0, nil, nil, 0))
l := newDiskLayer(common.Hash{0x1}, 0, db, nil, nil, newBuffer(0, nil, nil, 0), nil)
t := newLayerTree(l)
return t
}