Merge branch 'release/1.0.1' of github.com:ethereum/go-ethereum into limits-changes

Conflicts: cmd/ethtest/main.go cmd/geth/main.go cmd/utils/flags.go core/chain_manager.go core/chain_util.go eth/backend.go ethdb/database.go params/protocol_params.go rpc/comms/http_net.go
2026-07-24 13:46:43 +00:00 · 2015-08-06 02:28:11 +08:00 · 2015-08-06 02:28:11 +08:00 · 6d890031ff
commit 6d890031ff
parent 12911a6b99 9a02f53726
56 changed files with 1356 additions and 357 deletions
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 language: go
 go:
  - 1.4.2
-before_install:
-  - sudo apt-get update -qq
-  - sudo apt-get install -yqq libgmp3-dev
 install:
  # - go get code.google.com/p/go.tools/cmd/goimports
  # - go get github.com/golang/lint/golint
@ -22,7 +19,11 @@ after_success:
 env:
  global:
    - secure: "U2U1AmkU4NJBgKR/uUAebQY87cNL0+1JHjnLOmmXwxYYyj5ralWb1aSuSH3qSXiT93qLBmtaUkuv9fberHVqrbAeVlztVdUsKAq7JMQH+M99iFkC9UiRMqHmtjWJ0ok4COD1sRYixxi21wb/JrMe3M1iL4QJVS61iltjHhVdM64="
-
+sudo: false
+addons:
+  apt:
+    packages:
+    - libgmp3-dev
 notifications:
  webhooks:
    urls:
--- a/Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/huin/goupnp/httpu/httpu.go
+++ b/Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/huin/goupnp/httpu/httpu.go
@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/fdtrack"
 )

 // HTTPUClient is a client for dealing with HTTPU (HTTP over UDP). Its typical
@ -25,6 +27,7 @@ func NewHTTPUClient() (*HTTPUClient, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	fdtrack.Open("upnp")
 	return &HTTPUClient{conn: conn}, nil
 }

@ -33,6 +36,7 @@ func NewHTTPUClient() (*HTTPUClient, error) {
 func (httpu *HTTPUClient) Close() error {
 	httpu.connLock.Lock()
 	defer httpu.connLock.Unlock()
+	fdtrack.Close("upnp")
 	return httpu.conn.Close()
 }

--- a/Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/huin/goupnp/soap/soap.go
+++ b/Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/huin/goupnp/soap/soap.go
@ -7,9 +7,12 @@ import (
 	"encoding/xml"
 	"fmt"
 	"io/ioutil"
+	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
 	"reflect"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/fdtrack"
 )

 const (
@ -26,6 +29,17 @@ type SOAPClient struct {
 func NewSOAPClient(endpointURL url.URL) *SOAPClient {
 	return &SOAPClient{
 		EndpointURL: endpointURL,
+		HTTPClient: http.Client{
+			Transport: &http.Transport{
+				Dial: func(network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
+					c, err := net.Dial(network, addr)
+					if c != nil {
+						c = fdtrack.WrapConn("upnp", c)
+					}
+					return c, err
+				},
+			},
+		},
 	}
 }

--- a/Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/jackpal/go-nat-pmp/natpmp.go
+++ b/Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/jackpal/go-nat-pmp/natpmp.go
@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import (
 	"log"
 	"net"
 	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/fdtrack"
 )

 // Implement the NAT-PMP protocol, typically supported by Apple routers and open source
@ -102,6 +104,8 @@ func (n *Client) rpc(msg []byte, resultSize int) (result []byte, err error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
+	fdtrack.Open("natpmp")
+	defer fdtrack.Close("natpmp")
 	defer conn.Close()

 	result = make([]byte, resultSize)
--- a/Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/syndtr/goleveldb/leveldb/storage/file_storage.go
+++ b/Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/syndtr/goleveldb/leveldb/storage/file_storage.go
@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"

+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/fdtrack"
 	"github.com/syndtr/goleveldb/leveldb/util"
 )

@ -369,6 +370,8 @@ func (fw fileWrap) Close() error {
 	err := fw.File.Close()
 	if err != nil {
 		f.fs.log(fmt.Sprintf("close %s.%d: %v", f.Type(), f.Num(), err))
+	} else {
+		fdtrack.Close("leveldb")
 	}
 	return err
 }
@ -400,6 +403,7 @@ func (f *file) Open() (Reader, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 ok:
+	fdtrack.Open("leveldb")
 	f.open = true
 	f.fs.open++
 	return fileWrap{of, f}, nil
@ -418,6 +422,7 @@ func (f *file) Create() (Writer, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	fdtrack.Open("leveldb")
 	f.open = true
 	f.fs.open++
 	return fileWrap{of, f}, nil
--- a/accounts/account_manager.go
+++ b/accounts/account_manager.go
@ -78,8 +78,8 @@ func (am *Manager) DeleteAccount(address common.Address, auth string) error {

 func (am *Manager) Sign(a Account, toSign []byte) (signature []byte, err error) {
 	am.mutex.RLock()
+	defer am.mutex.RUnlock()
 	unlockedKey, found := am.unlocked[a.Address]
-	am.mutex.RUnlock()
 	if !found {
 		return nil, ErrLocked
 	}
@ -87,14 +87,17 @@ func (am *Manager) Sign(a Account, toSign []byte) (signature []byte, err error)
 	return signature, err
 }

-// unlock indefinitely
+// Unlock unlocks the given account indefinitely.
 func (am *Manager) Unlock(addr common.Address, keyAuth string) error {
 	return am.TimedUnlock(addr, keyAuth, 0)
 }

-// Unlock unlocks the account with the given address. The account
-// stays unlocked for the duration of timeout
-// it timeout is 0 the account is unlocked for the entire session
+// TimedUnlock unlocks the account with the given address. The account
+// stays unlocked for the duration of timeout. A timeout of 0 unlocks the account
+// until the program exits.
+//
+// If the accout is already unlocked, TimedUnlock extends or shortens
+// the active unlock timeout.
 func (am *Manager) TimedUnlock(addr common.Address, keyAuth string, timeout time.Duration) error {
 	key, err := am.keyStore.GetKey(addr, keyAuth)
 	if err != nil {
--- a/accounts/accounts_test.go
+++ b/accounts/accounts_test.go
@ -23,9 +23,10 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto/randentropy"
 )

+var testSigData = make([]byte, 32)
+
 func TestSign(t *testing.T) {
 	dir, ks := tmpKeyStore(t, crypto.NewKeyStorePlain)
 	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
@ -33,26 +34,24 @@ func TestSign(t *testing.T) {
 	am := NewManager(ks)
 	pass := "" // not used but required by API
 	a1, err := am.NewAccount(pass)
-	toSign := randentropy.GetEntropyCSPRNG(32)
 	am.Unlock(a1.Address, "")

-	_, err = am.Sign(a1, toSign)
+	_, err = am.Sign(a1, testSigData)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 }

 func TestTimedUnlock(t *testing.T) {
-	dir, ks := tmpKeyStore(t, crypto.NewKeyStorePassphrase)
+	dir, ks := tmpKeyStore(t, crypto.NewKeyStorePlain)
 	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)

 	am := NewManager(ks)
 	pass := "foo"
 	a1, err := am.NewAccount(pass)
-	toSign := randentropy.GetEntropyCSPRNG(32)

 	// Signing without passphrase fails because account is locked
-	_, err = am.Sign(a1, toSign)
+	_, err = am.Sign(a1, testSigData)
 	if err != ErrLocked {
 		t.Fatal("Signing should've failed with ErrLocked before unlocking, got ", err)
 	}
@ -63,28 +62,26 @@ func TestTimedUnlock(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	// Signing without passphrase works because account is temp unlocked
-	_, err = am.Sign(a1, toSign)
+	_, err = am.Sign(a1, testSigData)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal("Signing shouldn't return an error after unlocking, got ", err)
 	}

 	// Signing fails again after automatic locking
 	time.Sleep(150 * time.Millisecond)
-	_, err = am.Sign(a1, toSign)
+	_, err = am.Sign(a1, testSigData)
 	if err != ErrLocked {
 		t.Fatal("Signing should've failed with ErrLocked timeout expired, got ", err)
 	}
-
 }

 func TestOverrideUnlock(t *testing.T) {
-	dir, ks := tmpKeyStore(t, crypto.NewKeyStorePassphrase)
+	dir, ks := tmpKeyStore(t, crypto.NewKeyStorePlain)
 	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)

 	am := NewManager(ks)
 	pass := "foo"
 	a1, err := am.NewAccount(pass)
-	toSign := randentropy.GetEntropyCSPRNG(32)

 	// Unlock indefinitely
 	if err = am.Unlock(a1.Address, pass); err != nil {
@ -92,7 +89,7 @@ func TestOverrideUnlock(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	// Signing without passphrase works because account is temp unlocked
-	_, err = am.Sign(a1, toSign)
+	_, err = am.Sign(a1, testSigData)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal("Signing shouldn't return an error after unlocking, got ", err)
 	}
@ -103,20 +100,46 @@ func TestOverrideUnlock(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	// Signing without passphrase still works because account is temp unlocked
-	_, err = am.Sign(a1, toSign)
+	_, err = am.Sign(a1, testSigData)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal("Signing shouldn't return an error after unlocking, got ", err)
 	}

 	// Signing fails again after automatic locking
 	time.Sleep(150 * time.Millisecond)
-	_, err = am.Sign(a1, toSign)
+	_, err = am.Sign(a1, testSigData)
 	if err != ErrLocked {
 		t.Fatal("Signing should've failed with ErrLocked timeout expired, got ", err)
 	}
 }

-//
+// This test should fail under -race if signing races the expiration goroutine.
+func TestSignRace(t *testing.T) {
+	dir, ks := tmpKeyStore(t, crypto.NewKeyStorePlain)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
+
+	// Create a test account.
+	am := NewManager(ks)
+	a1, err := am.NewAccount("")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("could not create the test account", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := am.TimedUnlock(a1.Address, "", 15*time.Millisecond); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("could not unlock the test account", err)
+	}
+	end := time.Now().Add(500 * time.Millisecond)
+	for time.Now().Before(end) {
+		if _, err := am.Sign(a1, testSigData); err == ErrLocked {
+			return
+		} else if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Sign error: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		time.Sleep(1 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	t.Errorf("Account did not lock within the timeout")
+}

 func tmpKeyStore(t *testing.T, new func(string) crypto.KeyStore) (string, crypto.KeyStore) {
 	d, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "eth-keystore-test")
--- a/cmd/ethtest/main.go
+++ b/cmd/ethtest/main.go
@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ var (
 	defaultTest     = "all"
 	defaultDir      = "."
 	allTests        = []string{"BlockTests", "StateTests", "TransactionTests", "VMTests", "RLPTests"}
+	testDirMapping  = map[string]string{"BlockTests": "BlockchainTests"}
 	skipTests       = []string{}

 	TestFlag = cli.StringFlag{
@ -135,8 +136,13 @@ func runSuite(test, file string) {
 		var err error
 		var files []string
 		if test == defaultTest {
+			// check if we have an explicit directory mapping for the test
+			if _, ok := testDirMapping[curTest]; ok {
+				files, err = getFiles(filepath.Join(file, testDirMapping[curTest]))
+			} else {
+				// otherwise assume test name
 				files, err = getFiles(filepath.Join(file, curTest))
-
+			}
 		} else {
 			files, err = getFiles(file)
 		}
--- a/cmd/evm/main.go
+++ b/cmd/evm/main.go
@ -18,70 +18,112 @@
 package main

 import (
-	"flag"
 	"fmt"
-	"log"
 	"math/big"
 	"os"
 	"runtime"
 	"time"

+	"github.com/codegangsta/cli"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/utils"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
 )

 var (
-	code     = flag.String("code", "", "evm code")
-	loglevel = flag.Int("log", 4, "log level")
-	gas      = flag.String("gas", "1000000000", "gas amount")
-	price    = flag.String("price", "0", "gas price")
-	value    = flag.String("value", "0", "tx value")
-	dump     = flag.Bool("dump", false, "dump state after run")
-	data     = flag.String("data", "", "data")
+	app       *cli.App
+	DebugFlag = cli.BoolFlag{
+		Name:  "debug",
+		Usage: "output full trace logs",
+	}
+	CodeFlag = cli.StringFlag{
+		Name:  "code",
+		Usage: "EVM code",
+	}
+	GasFlag = cli.StringFlag{
+		Name:  "gas",
+		Usage: "gas limit for the evm",
+		Value: "10000000000",
+	}
+	PriceFlag = cli.StringFlag{
+		Name:  "price",
+		Usage: "price set for the evm",
+		Value: "0",
+	}
+	ValueFlag = cli.StringFlag{
+		Name:  "value",
+		Usage: "value set for the evm",
+		Value: "0",
+	}
+	DumpFlag = cli.BoolFlag{
+		Name:  "dump",
+		Usage: "dumps the state after the run",
+	}
+	InputFlag = cli.StringFlag{
+		Name:  "input",
+		Usage: "input for the EVM",
+	}
+	SysStatFlag = cli.BoolFlag{
+		Name:  "sysstat",
+		Usage: "display system stats",
+	}
 )

-func perr(v ...interface{}) {
-	fmt.Println(v...)
-	//os.Exit(1)
+func init() {
+	app = utils.NewApp("0.2", "the evm command line interface")
+	app.Flags = []cli.Flag{
+		DebugFlag,
+		SysStatFlag,
+		CodeFlag,
+		GasFlag,
+		PriceFlag,
+		ValueFlag,
+		DumpFlag,
+		InputFlag,
+	}
+	app.Action = run
 }

-func main() {
-	flag.Parse()
+func run(ctx *cli.Context) {
+	vm.Debug = ctx.GlobalBool(DebugFlag.Name)

-	logger.AddLogSystem(logger.NewStdLogSystem(os.Stdout, log.LstdFlags, logger.LogLevel(*loglevel)))
-
-	vm.Debug = true
 	db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
 	statedb := state.New(common.Hash{}, db)
 	sender := statedb.CreateAccount(common.StringToAddress("sender"))
 	receiver := statedb.CreateAccount(common.StringToAddress("receiver"))
-	receiver.SetCode(common.Hex2Bytes(*code))
+	receiver.SetCode(common.Hex2Bytes(ctx.GlobalString(CodeFlag.Name)))

-	vmenv := NewEnv(statedb, common.StringToAddress("evmuser"), common.Big(*value))
+	vmenv := NewEnv(statedb, common.StringToAddress("evmuser"), common.Big(ctx.GlobalString(ValueFlag.Name)))

 	tstart := time.Now()
+	ret, e := vmenv.Call(
+		sender,
+		receiver.Address(),
+		common.Hex2Bytes(ctx.GlobalString(InputFlag.Name)),
+		common.Big(ctx.GlobalString(GasFlag.Name)),
+		common.Big(ctx.GlobalString(PriceFlag.Name)),
+		common.Big(ctx.GlobalString(ValueFlag.Name)),
+	)
+	vmdone := time.Since(tstart)

-	ret, e := vmenv.Call(sender, receiver.Address(), common.Hex2Bytes(*data), common.Big(*gas), common.Big(*price), common.Big(*value))
-
-	logger.Flush()
 	if e != nil {
-		perr(e)
+		fmt.Println(e)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}

-	if *dump {
+	if ctx.GlobalBool(DumpFlag.Name) {
 		fmt.Println(string(statedb.Dump()))
 	}
-
 	vm.StdErrFormat(vmenv.StructLogs())

+	if ctx.GlobalBool(SysStatFlag.Name) {
 		var mem runtime.MemStats
 		runtime.ReadMemStats(&mem)
-	fmt.Printf("vm took %v\n", time.Since(tstart))
+		fmt.Printf("vm took %v\n", vmdone)
 		fmt.Printf(`alloc:      %d
 tot alloc:  %d
 no. malloc: %d
@ -89,8 +131,16 @@ heap alloc: %d
 heap objs:  %d
 num gc:     %d
 `, mem.Alloc, mem.TotalAlloc, mem.Mallocs, mem.HeapAlloc, mem.HeapObjects, mem.NumGC)
+	}

-	fmt.Printf("%x\n", ret)
+	fmt.Printf("OUT: 0x%x\n", ret)
+}
+
+func main() {
+	if err := app.Run(os.Args); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
 }

 type VMEnv struct {
--- a/cmd/geth/js.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/js.go
@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"os/signal"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"regexp"
 	"strings"

 	"sort"
@ -44,6 +45,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/robertkrimen/otto"
 )

+var passwordRegexp = regexp.MustCompile("personal.[nu]")
+
+const passwordRepl = ""
+
 type prompter interface {
 	AppendHistory(string)
 	Prompt(p string) (string, error)
@ -413,8 +418,10 @@ func (self *jsre) interactive() {
 			str += input + "\n"
 			self.setIndent()
 			if indentCount <= 0 {
-				hist := str[:len(str)-1]
+				hist := hidepassword(str[:len(str)-1])
+				if len(hist) > 0 {
 					self.AppendHistory(hist)
+				}
 				self.parseInput(str)
 				str = ""
 			}
@ -422,6 +429,14 @@ func (self *jsre) interactive() {
 	}
 }

+func hidepassword(input string) string {
+	if passwordRegexp.MatchString(input) {
+		return passwordRepl
+	} else {
+		return input
+	}
+}
+
 func (self *jsre) withHistory(op func(*os.File)) {
 	datadir := common.DefaultDataDir()
 	if self.ethereum != nil {
--- a/cmd/geth/main.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/main.go
@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/fdtrack"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger/glog"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/metrics"
@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ import (

 const (
 	ClientIdentifier = "Geth"
-	Version          = "1.0.0"
+	Version          = "1.0.1"
 )

 var (
@ -280,6 +281,8 @@ JavaScript API. See https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/wiki/Javascipt-Conso
 		utils.BootnodesFlag,
 		utils.DataDirFlag,
 		utils.BlockchainVersionFlag,
+		utils.OlympicFlag,
+		utils.CacheFlag,
 		utils.JSpathFlag,
 		utils.ListenPortFlag,
 		utils.MaxPeersFlag,
@ -345,6 +348,9 @@ func main() {

 func run(ctx *cli.Context) {
 	utils.CheckLegalese(ctx.GlobalString(utils.DataDirFlag.Name))
+	if ctx.GlobalBool(utils.OlympicFlag.Name) {
+		utils.InitOlympic()
+	}

 	cfg := utils.MakeEthConfig(ClientIdentifier, nodeNameVersion, ctx)
 	ethereum, err := eth.New(cfg)
@ -500,7 +506,7 @@ func blockRecovery(ctx *cli.Context) {
 	cfg := utils.MakeEthConfig(ClientIdentifier, nodeNameVersion, ctx)
 	utils.CheckLegalese(cfg.DataDir)

-	blockDb, err := ethdb.NewLDBDatabase(filepath.Join(cfg.DataDir, "blockchain"))
+	blockDb, err := ethdb.NewLDBDatabase(filepath.Join(cfg.DataDir, "blockchain"), cfg.DatabaseCache)
 	if err != nil {
 		glog.Fatalln("could not open db:", err)
 	}
@ -527,6 +533,9 @@ func startEth(ctx *cli.Context, eth *eth.Ethereum) {
 	// Start Ethereum itself
 	utils.StartEthereum(eth)

+	// Start logging file descriptor stats.
+	fdtrack.Start()
+
 	am := eth.AccountManager()
 	account := ctx.GlobalString(utils.UnlockedAccountFlag.Name)
 	accounts := strings.Split(account, " ")
--- a/cmd/utils/cmd.go
+++ b/cmd/utils/cmd.go
@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"bufio"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"math/big"
 	"os"
 	"os/signal"
 	"regexp"
@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger/glog"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
 	"github.com/peterh/liner"
 )
@ -143,6 +145,15 @@ func StartEthereum(ethereum *eth.Ethereum) {
 	}()
 }

+func InitOlympic() {
+	params.DurationLimit = big.NewInt(8)
+	params.GenesisGasLimit = big.NewInt(3141592)
+	params.MinGasLimit = big.NewInt(125000)
+	params.MaximumExtraDataSize = big.NewInt(1024)
+	NetworkIdFlag.Value = 0
+	core.BlockReward = big.NewInt(1.5e+18)
+}
+
 func FormatTransactionData(data string) []byte {
 	d := common.StringToByteFunc(data, func(s string) (ret []byte) {
 		slice := regexp.MustCompile("\\n|\\s").Split(s, 1000000000)
@ -203,6 +214,11 @@ func ImportChain(chain *core.ChainManager, fn string) error {
 			} else if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("at block %d: %v", n, err)
 			}
+			// don't import first block
+			if b.NumberU64() == 0 {
+				i--
+				continue
+			}
 			blocks[i] = &b
 			n++
 		}
@ -218,6 +234,7 @@ func ImportChain(chain *core.ChainManager, fn string) error {
 				batch, blocks[0].Hash().Bytes()[:4], blocks[i-1].Hash().Bytes()[:4])
 			continue
 		}
+
 		if _, err := chain.InsertChain(blocks[:i]); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("invalid block %d: %v", n, err)
 		}
--- a/cmd/utils/flags.go
+++ b/cmd/utils/flags.go
@ -126,6 +126,15 @@ var (
 		Name:  "natspec",
 		Usage: "Enable NatSpec confirmation notice",
 	}
+	CacheFlag = cli.IntFlag{
+		Name:  "cache",
+		Usage: "Megabytes of memory allocated to internal caching",
+		Value: 0,
+	}
+	OlympicFlag = cli.BoolFlag{
+		Name:  "olympic",
+		Usage: "Use olympic style protocol",
+	}

 	// miner settings
 	MinerThreadsFlag = cli.IntFlag{
@ -149,7 +158,7 @@ var (
 	GasPriceFlag = cli.StringFlag{
 		Name:  "gasprice",
 		Usage: "Sets the minimal gasprice when mining transactions",
-		Value: new(big.Int).Mul(big.NewInt(500), common.Shannon).String(),
+		Value: new(big.Int).Mul(big.NewInt(50), common.Shannon).String(),
 	}

 	UnlockedAccountFlag = cli.StringFlag{
@ -309,12 +318,12 @@ var (
 	GpoMinGasPriceFlag = cli.StringFlag{
 		Name:  "gpomin",
 		Usage: "Minimum suggested gas price",
-		Value: new(big.Int).Mul(big.NewInt(1), common.Szabo).String(),
+		Value: new(big.Int).Mul(big.NewInt(50), common.Shannon).String(),
 	}
 	GpoMaxGasPriceFlag = cli.StringFlag{
 		Name:  "gpomax",
 		Usage: "Maximum suggested gas price",
-		Value: new(big.Int).Mul(big.NewInt(100), common.Szabo).String(),
+		Value: new(big.Int).Mul(big.NewInt(500), common.Shannon).String(),
 	}
 	GpoFullBlockRatioFlag = cli.IntFlag{
 		Name:  "gpofull",
@ -384,6 +393,7 @@ func MakeEthConfig(clientID, version string, ctx *cli.Context) *eth.Config {
 		GenesisNonce:            ctx.GlobalInt(GenesisNonceFlag.Name),
 		GenesisFile:             ctx.GlobalString(GenesisFileFlag.Name),
 		BlockChainVersion:       ctx.GlobalInt(BlockchainVersionFlag.Name),
+		DatabaseCache:           ctx.GlobalInt(CacheFlag.Name),
 		SkipBcVersionCheck:      false,
 		NetworkId:               ctx.GlobalInt(NetworkIdFlag.Name),
 		LogFile:                 ctx.GlobalString(LogFileFlag.Name),
@ -396,6 +406,7 @@ func MakeEthConfig(clientID, version string, ctx *cli.Context) *eth.Config {
 		MaxPeers:                ctx.GlobalInt(MaxPeersFlag.Name),
 		MaxPendingPeers:         ctx.GlobalInt(MaxPendingPeersFlag.Name),
 		Port:                    ctx.GlobalString(ListenPortFlag.Name),
+		Olympic:                 ctx.GlobalBool(OlympicFlag.Name),
 		NAT:                     MakeNAT(ctx),
 		NatSpec:                 ctx.GlobalBool(NatspecEnabledFlag.Name),
 		Discovery:               !ctx.GlobalBool(NoDiscoverFlag.Name),
@ -425,17 +436,26 @@ func SetupLogger(ctx *cli.Context) {

 // MakeChain creates a chain manager from set command line flags.
 func MakeChain(ctx *cli.Context) (chain *core.ChainManager, blockDB, stateDB, extraDB common.Database) {
-	dd := ctx.GlobalString(DataDirFlag.Name)
+	datadir := ctx.GlobalString(DataDirFlag.Name)
+	cache := ctx.GlobalInt(CacheFlag.Name)
+
 	var err error
-	if blockDB, err = ethdb.NewLDBDatabase(filepath.Join(dd, "blockchain")); err != nil {
+	if blockDB, err = ethdb.NewLDBDatabase(filepath.Join(datadir, "blockchain"), cache); err != nil {
 		Fatalf("Could not open database: %v", err)
 	}
-	if stateDB, err = ethdb.NewLDBDatabase(filepath.Join(dd, "state")); err != nil {
+	if stateDB, err = ethdb.NewLDBDatabase(filepath.Join(datadir, "state"), cache); err != nil {
 		Fatalf("Could not open database: %v", err)
 	}
-	if extraDB, err = ethdb.NewLDBDatabase(filepath.Join(dd, "extra")); err != nil {
+	if extraDB, err = ethdb.NewLDBDatabase(filepath.Join(datadir, "extra"), cache); err != nil {
 		Fatalf("Could not open database: %v", err)
 	}
+	if ctx.GlobalBool(OlympicFlag.Name) {
+		InitOlympic()
+		_, err := core.WriteTestNetGenesisBlock(stateDB, blockDB, 42)
+		if err != nil {
+			glog.Fatalln(err)
+		}
+	}

 	eventMux := new(event.TypeMux)
 	pow := ethash.New()
--- a/core/bench_test.go
+++ b/core/bench_test.go
@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ func benchInsertChain(b *testing.B, disk bool, gen func(int, *BlockGen)) {
 			b.Fatalf("cannot create temporary directory: %v", err)
 		}
 		defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
-		db, err = ethdb.NewLDBDatabase(dir)
+		db, err = ethdb.NewLDBDatabase(dir, 0)
 		if err != nil {
 			b.Fatalf("cannot create temporary database: %v", err)
 		}
--- a/core/block_processor.go
+++ b/core/block_processor.go
@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ func ValidateHeader(pow pow.PoW, block *types.Header, parent *types.Block, check
 		return BlockEqualTSErr
 	}

-	expd := CalcDifficulty(block.Time, parent.Time(), parent.Difficulty())
+	expd := CalcDifficulty(block.Time, parent.Time(), parent.Number(), parent.Difficulty())
 	if expd.Cmp(block.Difficulty) != 0 {
 		return fmt.Errorf("Difficulty check failed for block %v, %v", block.Difficulty, expd)
 	}
--- a/core/chain_makers.go
+++ b/core/chain_makers.go
@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ func makeHeader(parent *types.Block, state *state.StateDB) *types.Header {
 		Root:       state.Root(),
 		ParentHash: parent.Hash(),
 		Coinbase:   parent.Coinbase(),
-		Difficulty: CalcDifficulty(time, parent.Time(), parent.Difficulty()),
+		Difficulty: CalcDifficulty(time, parent.Time(), parent.Number(), parent.Difficulty()),
 		GasLimit:   CalcGasLimit(parent),
 		GasUsed:    new(big.Int),
 		Number:     new(big.Int).Add(parent.Number(), common.Big1),
--- a/core/chain_manager.go
+++ b/core/chain_manager.go
@ -73,13 +73,11 @@ type ChainManager struct {
 	lastBlockHash   common.Hash
 	currentGasLimit *big.Int

-	transState *state.StateDB
-	txState    *state.ManagedState
-
 	cache        *lru.Cache // cache is the LRU caching
 	futureBlocks *lru.Cache // future blocks are blocks added for later processing

 	quit    chan struct{}
+	running int32 // running must be called automically
 	// procInterrupt must be atomically called
 	procInterrupt int32 // interrupt signaler for block processing
 	wg            sync.WaitGroup
@ -101,7 +99,19 @@ func NewChainManager(blockDb, stateDb, extraDb common.Database, pow pow.PoW, mux

 	bc.genesisBlock = bc.GetBlockByNumber(0)
 	if bc.genesisBlock == nil {
+<<<<<<< HEAD
 		return nil, ErrNoGenesis
+=======
+		reader, err := NewDefaultGenesisReader()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		bc.genesisBlock, err = WriteGenesisBlock(stateDb, blockDb, reader)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		glog.V(logger.Info).Infoln("WARNING: Wrote default ethereum genesis block")
+>>>>>>> 9a02f537260f64cc91a66074d920ae20b99b0a40
 	}

 	if err := bc.setLastState(); err != nil {
@ -122,9 +132,7 @@ func NewChainManager(blockDb, stateDb, extraDb common.Database, pow pow.PoW, mux
 		}
 	}

-	bc.transState = bc.State().Copy()
 	// Take ownership of this particular state
-	bc.txState = state.ManageState(bc.State().Copy())

 	bc.futureBlocks, _ = lru.New(maxFutureBlocks)
 	bc.makeCache()
@ -146,9 +154,6 @@ func (bc *ChainManager) SetHead(head *types.Block) {
 	bc.currentBlock = head
 	bc.makeCache()

-	statedb := state.New(head.Root(), bc.stateDb)
-	bc.txState = state.ManageState(statedb)
-	bc.transState = statedb.Copy()
 	bc.setTotalDifficulty(head.Td)
 	bc.insert(head)
 	bc.setLastState()
@ -197,17 +202,6 @@ func (self *ChainManager) State() *state.StateDB {
 	return state.New(self.CurrentBlock().Root(), self.stateDb)
 }

-func (self *ChainManager) TransState() *state.StateDB {
-	self.tsmu.RLock()
-	defer self.tsmu.RUnlock()
-
-	return self.transState
-}
-
-func (self *ChainManager) setTransState(statedb *state.StateDB) {
-	self.transState = statedb
-}
-
 func (bc *ChainManager) recover() bool {
 	data, _ := bc.blockDb.Get([]byte("checkpoint"))
 	if len(data) != 0 {
@ -462,6 +456,9 @@ func (bc *ChainManager) setTotalDifficulty(td *big.Int) {
 }

 func (bc *ChainManager) Stop() {
+	if !atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&bc.running, 0, 1) {
+		return
+	}
 	close(bc.quit)
 	atomic.StoreInt32(&bc.procInterrupt, 1)

@ -523,9 +520,6 @@ func (self *ChainManager) WriteBlock(block *types.Block, queued bool) (status wr
 		self.insert(block)
 		self.mu.Unlock()

-		self.setTransState(state.New(block.Root(), self.stateDb))
-		self.txState.SetState(state.New(block.Root(), self.stateDb))
-
 		status = CanonStatTy
 	} else {
 		status = SideStatTy
--- a/core/chain_manager_test.go
+++ b/core/chain_manager_test.go
@ -392,7 +392,6 @@ func chm(genesis *types.Block, db common.Database) *ChainManager {
 	bc.futureBlocks, _ = lru.New(100)
 	bc.processor = bproc{}
 	bc.ResetWithGenesisBlock(genesis)
-	bc.txState = state.ManageState(bc.State())

 	return bc
 }
--- a/core/chain_util.go
+++ b/core/chain_util.go
@ -32,12 +32,13 @@ import (
 var (
 	blockHashPre  = []byte("block-hash-")
 	blockNumPre   = []byte("block-num-")
+	expDiffPeriod = big.NewInt(100000)
 )

 // CalcDifficulty is the difficulty adjustment algorithm. It returns
 // the difficulty that a new block b should have when created at time
 // given the parent block's time and difficulty.
-func CalcDifficulty(time, parentTime uint64, parentDiff *big.Int) *big.Int {
+func CalcDifficulty(time, parentTime uint64, parentNumber, parentDiff *big.Int) *big.Int {
 	diff := new(big.Int)
 	adjust := new(big.Int).Div(parentDiff, params.DifficultyBoundDivisor)
 	bigTime := new(big.Int)
@ -52,8 +53,19 @@ func CalcDifficulty(time, parentTime uint64, parentDiff *big.Int) *big.Int {
 		diff.Sub(parentDiff, adjust)
 	}
 	if diff.Cmp(params.MinimumDifficulty) < 0 {
-		return params.MinimumDifficulty
+		diff = params.MinimumDifficulty
 	}
+
+	periodCount := new(big.Int).Add(parentNumber, common.Big1)
+	periodCount.Div(periodCount, expDiffPeriod)
+	if periodCount.Cmp(common.Big1) > 0 {
+		// diff = diff + 2^(periodCount - 2)
+		expDiff := periodCount.Sub(periodCount, common.Big2)
+		expDiff.Exp(common.Big2, expDiff, nil)
+		diff.Add(diff, expDiff)
+		diff = common.BigMax(diff, params.MinimumDifficulty)
+	}
+
 	return diff
 }

@ -69,17 +81,30 @@ func CalcTD(block, parent *types.Block) *big.Int {

 // CalcGasLimit computes the gas limit of the next block after parent.
 // The result may be modified by the caller.
+// This is miner strategy, not consensus protocol.
 func CalcGasLimit(parent *types.Block) *big.Int {
-	decay := new(big.Int).Div(parent.GasLimit(), params.GasLimitBoundDivisor)
+	// contrib = (parentGasUsed * 3 / 2) / 1024
 	contrib := new(big.Int).Mul(parent.GasUsed(), big.NewInt(3))
 	contrib = contrib.Div(contrib, big.NewInt(2))
 	contrib = contrib.Div(contrib, params.GasLimitBoundDivisor)

+	// decay = parentGasLimit / 1024 -1
+	decay := new(big.Int).Div(parent.GasLimit(), params.GasLimitBoundDivisor)
+	decay.Sub(decay, big.NewInt(1))
+
+	/*
+		strategy: gasLimit of block-to-mine is set based on parent's
+		gasUsed value.  if parentGasUsed > parentGasLimit * (2/3) then we
+		increase it, otherwise lower it (or leave it unchanged if it's right
+		at that usage) the amount increased/decreased depends on how far away
+		from parentGasLimit * (2/3) parentGasUsed is.
+	*/
 	gl := new(big.Int).Sub(parent.GasLimit(), decay)
 	gl = gl.Add(gl, contrib)
-	gl = gl.Add(gl, big.NewInt(1))
 	gl.Set(common.BigMax(gl, params.MinGasLimit))

+	// however, if we're now below the target (GenesisGasLimit) we increase the
+	// limit as much as we can (parentGasLimit / 1024 -1)
 	if gl.Cmp(params.GenesisGasLimit) < 0 {
 		gl.Add(parent.GasLimit(), decay)
 		gl.Set(common.BigMin(gl, params.GenesisGasLimit))
--- a/core/chain_util_test.go
+++ b/core/chain_util_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package core
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"math/big"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+)
+
+type diffTest struct {
+	ParentTimestamp    uint64
+	ParentDifficulty   *big.Int
+	CurrentTimestamp   uint64
+	CurrentBlocknumber *big.Int
+	CurrentDifficulty  *big.Int
+}
+
+func (d *diffTest) UnmarshalJSON(b []byte) (err error) {
+	var ext struct {
+		ParentTimestamp    string
+		ParentDifficulty   string
+		CurrentTimestamp   string
+		CurrentBlocknumber string
+		CurrentDifficulty  string
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &ext); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	d.ParentTimestamp = common.String2Big(ext.ParentTimestamp).Uint64()
+	d.ParentDifficulty = common.String2Big(ext.ParentDifficulty)
+	d.CurrentTimestamp = common.String2Big(ext.CurrentTimestamp).Uint64()
+	d.CurrentBlocknumber = common.String2Big(ext.CurrentBlocknumber)
+	d.CurrentDifficulty = common.String2Big(ext.CurrentDifficulty)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func TestDifficulty(t *testing.T) {
+	file, err := os.Open("../tests/files/BasicTests/difficulty.json")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer file.Close()
+
+	tests := make(map[string]diffTest)
+	err = json.NewDecoder(file).Decode(&tests)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	for name, test := range tests {
+		number := new(big.Int).Sub(test.CurrentBlocknumber, big.NewInt(1))
+		diff := CalcDifficulty(test.CurrentTimestamp, test.ParentTimestamp, number, test.ParentDifficulty)
+		if diff.Cmp(test.CurrentDifficulty) != 0 {
+			t.Error(name, "failed. Expected", test.CurrentDifficulty, "and calculated", diff)
+		}
+	}
+}
--- a/core/default_genesis.go
+++ b/core/default_genesis.go
--- a/core/state/statedb.go
+++ b/core/state/statedb.go
@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ type StateDB struct {
 	thash, bhash common.Hash
 	txIndex      int
 	logs         map[common.Hash]Logs
+	logSize      uint
 }

 // Create a new state from a given trie
@ -66,7 +67,9 @@ func (self *StateDB) AddLog(log *Log) {
 	log.TxHash = self.thash
 	log.BlockHash = self.bhash
 	log.TxIndex = uint(self.txIndex)
+	log.Index = self.logSize
 	self.logs[self.thash] = append(self.logs[self.thash], log)
+	self.logSize++
 }

 func (self *StateDB) GetLogs(hash common.Hash) Logs {
@ -288,6 +291,7 @@ func (self *StateDB) Copy() *StateDB {
 		state.logs[hash] = make(Logs, len(logs))
 		copy(state.logs[hash], logs)
 	}
+	state.logSize = self.logSize

 	return state
 }
@ -298,6 +302,7 @@ func (self *StateDB) Set(state *StateDB) {

 	self.refund = state.refund
 	self.logs = state.logs
+	self.logSize = state.logSize
 }

 func (s *StateDB) Root() common.Hash {
--- a/core/transaction_pool.go
+++ b/core/transaction_pool.go
@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) resetState() {
 func (pool *TxPool) Stop() {
 	close(pool.quit)
 	pool.events.Unsubscribe()
-	glog.V(logger.Info).Infoln("TX Pool stopped")
+	glog.V(logger.Info).Infoln("Transaction pool stopped")
 }

 func (pool *TxPool) State() *state.ManagedState {
@ -356,11 +356,12 @@ func (self *TxPool) RemoveTransactions(txs types.Transactions) {
 	self.mu.Lock()
 	defer self.mu.Unlock()
 	for _, tx := range txs {
-		self.removeTx(tx.Hash())
+		self.RemoveTx(tx.Hash())
 	}
 }

-func (pool *TxPool) removeTx(hash common.Hash) {
+// RemoveTx removes the transaction with the given hash from the pool.
+func (pool *TxPool) RemoveTx(hash common.Hash) {
 	// delete from pending pool
 	delete(pool.pending, hash)
 	// delete from queue
--- a/core/transaction_pool_test.go
+++ b/core/transaction_pool_test.go
@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ func TestRemoveTx(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Error("expected txs to be 1, got", len(pool.pending))
 	}

-	pool.removeTx(tx.Hash())
+	pool.RemoveTx(tx.Hash())

 	if len(pool.queue) > 0 {
 		t.Error("expected queue to be 0, got", len(pool.queue))
--- a/core/transaction_util.go
+++ b/core/transaction_util.go
@ -19,9 +19,11 @@ package core
 import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger/glog"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
+	"github.com/syndtr/goleveldb/leveldb"
 )

 var (
@ -31,13 +33,21 @@ var (

 // PutTransactions stores the transactions in the given database
 func PutTransactions(db common.Database, block *types.Block, txs types.Transactions) {
+	batch := new(leveldb.Batch)
+	_, batchWrite := db.(*ethdb.LDBDatabase)
+
 	for i, tx := range block.Transactions() {
 		rlpEnc, err := rlp.EncodeToBytes(tx)
 		if err != nil {
 			glog.V(logger.Debug).Infoln("Failed encoding tx", err)
 			return
 		}
+
+		if batchWrite {
+			batch.Put(tx.Hash().Bytes(), rlpEnc)
+		} else {
 			db.Put(tx.Hash().Bytes(), rlpEnc)
+		}

 		var txExtra struct {
 			BlockHash  common.Hash
@ -52,23 +62,47 @@ func PutTransactions(db common.Database, block *types.Block, txs types.Transacti
 			glog.V(logger.Debug).Infoln("Failed encoding tx meta data", err)
 			return
 		}
+
+		if batchWrite {
+			batch.Put(append(tx.Hash().Bytes(), 0x0001), rlpMeta)
+		} else {
 			db.Put(append(tx.Hash().Bytes(), 0x0001), rlpMeta)
 		}
 	}

+	if db, ok := db.(*ethdb.LDBDatabase); ok {
+		if err := db.LDB().Write(batch, nil); err != nil {
+			glog.V(logger.Error).Infoln("db write err:", err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 // PutReceipts stores the receipts in the current database
 func PutReceipts(db common.Database, receipts types.Receipts) error {
+	batch := new(leveldb.Batch)
+	_, batchWrite := db.(*ethdb.LDBDatabase)
+
 	for _, receipt := range receipts {
 		storageReceipt := (*types.ReceiptForStorage)(receipt)
 		bytes, err := rlp.EncodeToBytes(storageReceipt)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+
+		if batchWrite {
+			batch.Put(append(receiptsPre, receipt.TxHash[:]...), bytes)
+		} else {
 			err = db.Put(append(receiptsPre, receipt.TxHash[:]...), bytes)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 		}
+	}
+	if db, ok := db.(*ethdb.LDBDatabase); ok {
+		if err := db.LDB().Write(batch, nil); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}

 	return nil
 }
--- a/core/types/block.go
+++ b/core/types/block.go
@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ func (b *Block) DecodeRLP(s *rlp.Stream) error {
 	return nil
 }

-func (b Block) EncodeRLP(w io.Writer) error {
+func (b *Block) EncodeRLP(w io.Writer) error {
 	return rlp.Encode(w, extblock{
 		Header: b.header,
 		Txs:    b.transactions,
@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ func (b *StorageBlock) DecodeRLP(s *rlp.Stream) error {
 	return nil
 }

-func (b StorageBlock) EncodeRLP(w io.Writer) error {
+func (b *StorageBlock) EncodeRLP(w io.Writer) error {
 	return rlp.Encode(w, storageblock{
 		Header: b.header,
 		Txs:    b.transactions,
--- a/core/types/transaction.go
+++ b/core/types/transaction.go
@ -97,15 +97,6 @@ func NewTransaction(nonce uint64, to common.Address, amount, gasLimit, gasPrice
 	return &Transaction{data: d}
 }

-func NewTransactionFromBytes(data []byte) *Transaction {
-	// TODO: remove this function if possible. callers would
-	// much better off decoding into transaction directly.
-	// it's not that hard.
-	tx := new(Transaction)
-	rlp.DecodeBytes(data, tx)
-	return tx
-}
-
 func (tx *Transaction) EncodeRLP(w io.Writer) error {
 	return rlp.Encode(w, &tx.data)
 }
@ -298,3 +289,22 @@ type TxByNonce struct{ Transactions }
 func (s TxByNonce) Less(i, j int) bool {
 	return s.Transactions[i].data.AccountNonce < s.Transactions[j].data.AccountNonce
 }
+
+type TxByPrice struct{ Transactions }
+
+func (s TxByPrice) Less(i, j int) bool {
+	return s.Transactions[i].data.Price.Cmp(s.Transactions[j].data.Price) > 0
+}
+
+type TxByPriceAndNonce struct{ Transactions }
+
+func (s TxByPriceAndNonce) Less(i, j int) bool {
+	// we can ignore the error here. Sorting shouldn't care about validness
+	ifrom, _ := s.Transactions[i].From()
+	jfrom, _ := s.Transactions[j].From()
+	// favour nonce if they are from the same recipient
+	if ifrom == jfrom {
+		return s.Transactions[i].data.AccountNonce < s.Transactions[j].data.AccountNonce
+	}
+	return s.Transactions[i].data.Price.Cmp(s.Transactions[j].data.Price) > 0
+}
--- a/crypto/ecies/asn1.go
+++ b/crypto/ecies/asn1.go
@ -81,11 +81,9 @@ func doScheme(base, v []int) asn1.ObjectIdentifier {
 type secgNamedCurve asn1.ObjectIdentifier

 var (
-	secgNamedCurveP224 = secgNamedCurve{1, 3, 132, 0, 33}
 	secgNamedCurveP256 = secgNamedCurve{1, 2, 840, 10045, 3, 1, 7}
 	secgNamedCurveP384 = secgNamedCurve{1, 3, 132, 0, 34}
 	secgNamedCurveP521 = secgNamedCurve{1, 3, 132, 0, 35}
-	rawCurveP224       = []byte{6, 5, 4, 3, 1, 2, 9, 4, 0, 3, 3}
 	rawCurveP256       = []byte{6, 8, 4, 2, 1, 3, 4, 7, 2, 2, 0, 6, 6, 1, 3, 1, 7}
 	rawCurveP384       = []byte{6, 5, 4, 3, 1, 2, 9, 4, 0, 3, 4}
 	rawCurveP521       = []byte{6, 5, 4, 3, 1, 2, 9, 4, 0, 3, 5}
@ -93,8 +91,6 @@ var (

 func rawCurve(curve elliptic.Curve) []byte {
 	switch curve {
-	case elliptic.P224():
-		return rawCurveP224
 	case elliptic.P256():
 		return rawCurveP256
 	case elliptic.P384():
@ -120,8 +116,6 @@ func (curve secgNamedCurve) Equal(curve2 secgNamedCurve) bool {

 func namedCurveFromOID(curve secgNamedCurve) elliptic.Curve {
 	switch {
-	case curve.Equal(secgNamedCurveP224):
-		return elliptic.P224()
 	case curve.Equal(secgNamedCurveP256):
 		return elliptic.P256()
 	case curve.Equal(secgNamedCurveP384):
@ -134,8 +128,6 @@ func namedCurveFromOID(curve secgNamedCurve) elliptic.Curve {

 func oidFromNamedCurve(curve elliptic.Curve) (secgNamedCurve, bool) {
 	switch curve {
-	case elliptic.P224():
-		return secgNamedCurveP224, true
 	case elliptic.P256():
 		return secgNamedCurveP256, true
 	case elliptic.P384():
@ -248,7 +240,7 @@ var idEcPublicKeySupplemented = doScheme(idPublicKeyType, []int{0})

 func curveToRaw(curve elliptic.Curve) (rv asn1.RawValue, ok bool) {
 	switch curve {
-	case elliptic.P224(), elliptic.P256(), elliptic.P384(), elliptic.P521():
+	case elliptic.P256(), elliptic.P384(), elliptic.P521():
 		raw := rawCurve(curve)
 		return asn1.RawValue{
 			Tag:       30,
--- a/crypto/ecies/ecies_test.go
+++ b/crypto/ecies/ecies_test.go
@ -407,11 +407,6 @@ type testCase struct {
 }

 var testCases = []testCase{
-	testCase{
-		Curve:    elliptic.P224(),
-		Name:     "P224",
-		Expected: false,
-	},
 	testCase{
 		Curve:    elliptic.P256(),
 		Name:     "P256",
--- a/crypto/key_store_passphrase.go
+++ b/crypto/key_store_passphrase.go
@ -147,7 +147,6 @@ func (ks keyStorePassphrase) DeleteKey(keyAddr common.Address, auth string) (err
 }

 func decryptKeyFromFile(keysDirPath string, keyAddr common.Address, auth string) (keyBytes []byte, keyId []byte, err error) {
-	fmt.Printf("%v\n", keyAddr.Hex())
 	m := make(map[string]interface{})
 	err = getKey(keysDirPath, keyAddr, &m)
 	if err != nil {
--- a/crypto/secp256k1/secp256.go
+++ b/crypto/secp256k1/secp256.go
@ -21,9 +21,11 @@ package secp256k1
 /*
 #cgo CFLAGS: -I./secp256k1
 #cgo darwin CFLAGS: -I/usr/local/include
+#cgo freebsd CFLAGS: -I/usr/local/include
 #cgo linux,arm CFLAGS: -I/usr/local/arm/include
 #cgo LDFLAGS: -lgmp
 #cgo darwin LDFLAGS: -L/usr/local/lib
+#cgo freebsd LDFLAGS: -L/usr/local/lib
 #cgo linux,arm LDFLAGS: -L/usr/local/arm/lib
 #define USE_NUM_GMP
 #define USE_FIELD_10X26
--- a/eth/backend.go
+++ b/eth/backend.go
@ -78,9 +78,14 @@ type Config struct {
 	GenesisNonce int
 	GenesisFile  string
 	GenesisBlock *types.Block // used by block tests
+<<<<<<< HEAD
+=======
+	Olympic      bool
+>>>>>>> 9a02f537260f64cc91a66074d920ae20b99b0a40

 	BlockChainVersion  int
 	SkipBcVersionCheck bool // e.g. blockchain export
+	DatabaseCache      int

 	DataDir   string
 	LogFile   string
@ -262,7 +267,7 @@ func New(config *Config) (*Ethereum, error) {

 	newdb := config.NewDB
 	if newdb == nil {
-		newdb = func(path string) (common.Database, error) { return ethdb.NewLDBDatabase(path) }
+		newdb = func(path string) (common.Database, error) { return ethdb.NewLDBDatabase(path, config.DatabaseCache) }
 	}
 	blockDb, err := newdb(filepath.Join(config.DataDir, "blockchain"))
 	if err != nil {
@ -301,6 +306,17 @@ func New(config *Config) (*Ethereum, error) {
 		glog.V(logger.Info).Infof("Successfully wrote genesis block. New genesis hash = %x\n", block.Hash())
 	}

+<<<<<<< HEAD
+=======
+	if config.Olympic {
+		_, err := core.WriteTestNetGenesisBlock(stateDb, blockDb, 42)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		glog.V(logger.Error).Infoln("Starting Olympic network")
+	}
+
+>>>>>>> 9a02f537260f64cc91a66074d920ae20b99b0a40
 	// This is for testing only.
 	if config.GenesisBlock != nil {
 		core.WriteBlock(blockDb, config.GenesisBlock)
--- a/eth/fetcher/fetcher_test.go
+++ b/eth/fetcher/fetcher_test.go
@ -28,12 +28,13 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 )

 var (
 	testdb, _    = ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
 	genesis      = core.GenesisBlockForTesting(testdb, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0))
-	unknownBlock = types.NewBlock(&types.Header{}, nil, nil, nil)
+	unknownBlock = types.NewBlock(&types.Header{GasLimit: params.GenesisGasLimit}, nil, nil, nil)
 )

 // makeChain creates a chain of n blocks starting at and including parent.
--- a/ethdb/database.go
+++ b/ethdb/database.go
@ -17,10 +17,16 @@
 package ethdb

 import (
+<<<<<<< HEAD
        "strconv"
        "strings"
        "time"
        "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+=======
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+>>>>>>> 9a02f537260f64cc91a66074d920ae20b99b0a40
 	"sync"

 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
@ -37,6 +43,14 @@ import (

 var OpenFileLimit = common.MaxOpenFileLimit()

+// cacheRatio specifies how the total alloted cache is distributed between the
+// various system databases.
+var cacheRatio = map[string]float64{
+	"blockchain": 1.0 / 13.0,
+	"extra":      2.0 / 13.0,
+	"state":      10.0 / 13.0,
+}
+
 type LDBDatabase struct {
 	fn string      // filename for reporting
 	db *leveldb.DB // LevelDB instance
@ -58,14 +72,24 @@ type LDBDatabase struct {
 // NewLDBDatabase returns a LevelDB wrapped object. LDBDatabase does not persist data by
 // it self but requires a background poller which syncs every X. `Flush` should be called
 // when data needs to be stored and written to disk.
-func NewLDBDatabase(file string) (*LDBDatabase, error) {
-	// Open the db
-	db, err := leveldb.OpenFile(file, &opt.Options{OpenFilesCacheCapacity: OpenFileLimit})
-	// check for corruption and attempt to recover
-	if _, iscorrupted := err.(*errors.ErrCorrupted); iscorrupted {
+func NewLDBDatabase(file string, cache int) (*LDBDatabase, error) {
+	// Calculate the cache allowance for this particular database
+	cache = int(float64(cache) * cacheRatio[filepath.Base(file)])
+	if cache < 16 {
+		cache = 16
+	}
+	glog.V(logger.Info).Infof("Alloted %dMB cache to %s", cache, file)
+
+	// Open the db and recover any potential corruptions
+	db, err := leveldb.OpenFile(file, &opt.Options{
+		OpenFilesCacheCapacity: OpenFileLimit,
+		BlockCacheCapacity:     cache / 2 * opt.MiB,
+		WriteBuffer:            cache / 4 * opt.MiB, // Two of these are used internally
+	})
+	if _, corrupted := err.(*errors.ErrCorrupted); corrupted {
 		db, err = leveldb.RecoverFile(file, nil)
 	}
-	// (re) check for errors and abort if opening of the db failed
+	// (Re)check for errors and abort if opening of the db failed
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
--- a/ethdb/database_test.go
+++ b/ethdb/database_test.go
@ -28,8 +28,7 @@ func newDb() *LDBDatabase {
 	if common.FileExist(file) {
 		os.RemoveAll(file)
 	}
-
-	db, _ := NewLDBDatabase(file)
+	db, _ := NewLDBDatabase(file, 0)

 	return db
 }
--- a/fdtrack/fdtrack.go
+++ b/fdtrack/fdtrack.go
@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// Package fdtrack logs statistics about open file descriptors.
+package fdtrack
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"sort"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger/glog"
+)
+
+var (
+	mutex sync.Mutex
+	all   = make(map[string]int)
+)
+
+func Open(desc string) {
+	mutex.Lock()
+	all[desc] += 1
+	mutex.Unlock()
+}
+
+func Close(desc string) {
+	mutex.Lock()
+	defer mutex.Unlock()
+	if c, ok := all[desc]; ok {
+		if c == 1 {
+			delete(all, desc)
+		} else {
+			all[desc]--
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func WrapListener(desc string, l net.Listener) net.Listener {
+	Open(desc)
+	return &wrappedListener{l, desc}
+}
+
+type wrappedListener struct {
+	net.Listener
+	desc string
+}
+
+func (w *wrappedListener) Accept() (net.Conn, error) {
+	c, err := w.Listener.Accept()
+	if err == nil {
+		c = WrapConn(w.desc, c)
+	}
+	return c, err
+}
+
+func (w *wrappedListener) Close() error {
+	err := w.Listener.Close()
+	if err == nil {
+		Close(w.desc)
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+func WrapConn(desc string, conn net.Conn) net.Conn {
+	Open(desc)
+	return &wrappedConn{conn, desc}
+}
+
+type wrappedConn struct {
+	net.Conn
+	desc string
+}
+
+func (w *wrappedConn) Close() error {
+	err := w.Conn.Close()
+	if err == nil {
+		Close(w.desc)
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+func Start() {
+	go func() {
+		for range time.Tick(15 * time.Second) {
+			mutex.Lock()
+			var sum, tracked = 0, []string{}
+			for what, n := range all {
+				sum += n
+				tracked = append(tracked, fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", what, n))
+			}
+			mutex.Unlock()
+			used, _ := fdusage()
+			sort.Strings(tracked)
+			glog.Infof("fd usage %d/%d, tracked %d %v", used, fdlimit(), sum, tracked)
+		}
+	}()
+}
--- a/fdtrack/fdusage.go
+++ b/fdtrack/fdusage.go
@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// +build !linux,!darwin
+
+package fdtrack
+
+import "errors"
+
+func fdlimit() int {
+	return 0
+}
+
+func fdusage() (int, error) {
+	return 0, errors.New("not implemented")
+}
--- a/fdtrack/fdusage_darwin.go
+++ b/fdtrack/fdusage_darwin.go
@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// +build darwin
+
+package fdtrack
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"syscall"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+// #cgo CFLAGS: -lproc
+// #include <libproc.h>
+// #include <stdlib.h>
+import "C"
+
+func fdlimit() int {
+	var nofile syscall.Rlimit
+	if err := syscall.Getrlimit(syscall.RLIMIT_NOFILE, &nofile); err != nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return int(nofile.Cur)
+}
+
+func fdusage() (int, error) {
+	pid := C.int(os.Getpid())
+	// Query for a rough estimate on the amout of data that
+	// proc_pidinfo will return.
+	rlen, err := C.proc_pidinfo(pid, C.PROC_PIDLISTFDS, 0, nil, 0)
+	if rlen <= 0 {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	// Load the list of file descriptors. We don't actually care about
+	// the content, only about the size. Since the number of fds can
+	// change while we're reading them, the loop enlarges the buffer
+	// until proc_pidinfo says the result fitted.
+	var buf unsafe.Pointer
+	defer func() {
+		if buf != nil {
+			C.free(buf)
+		}
+	}()
+	for buflen := rlen; ; buflen *= 2 {
+		buf, err = C.reallocf(buf, C.size_t(buflen))
+		if buf == nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+		rlen, err = C.proc_pidinfo(pid, C.PROC_PIDLISTFDS, 0, buf, buflen)
+		if rlen <= 0 {
+			return 0, err
+		} else if rlen == buflen {
+			continue
+		}
+		return int(rlen / C.PROC_PIDLISTFD_SIZE), nil
+	}
+	panic("unreachable")
+}
--- a/fdtrack/fdusage_linux.go
+++ b/fdtrack/fdusage_linux.go
@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// +build linux
+
+package fdtrack
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+func fdlimit() int {
+	var nofile syscall.Rlimit
+	if err := syscall.Getrlimit(syscall.RLIMIT_NOFILE, &nofile); err != nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return int(nofile.Cur)
+}
+
+func fdusage() (int, error) {
+	f, err := os.Open("/proc/self/fd")
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+	const batchSize = 100
+	n := 0
+	for {
+		list, err := f.Readdirnames(batchSize)
+		n += len(list)
+		if err == io.EOF {
+			break
+		} else if err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+	}
+	return n, nil
+}
--- a/metrics/disk_linux.go
+++ b/metrics/disk_linux.go
@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ func ReadDiskStats(stats *DiskStats) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	defer inf.Close()
 	in := bufio.NewReader(inf)

 	// Iterate over the IO counter, and extract what we need
--- a/miner/agent.go
+++ b/miner/agent.go
@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ import (
 	"sync"

 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger/glog"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pow"
@ -29,10 +28,10 @@ import (
 type CpuAgent struct {
 	mu sync.Mutex

-	workCh        chan *types.Block
+	workCh        chan *Work
 	quit          chan struct{}
 	quitCurrentOp chan struct{}
-	returnCh      chan<- *types.Block
+	returnCh      chan<- *Result

 	index int
 	pow   pow.PoW
@ -47,9 +46,9 @@ func NewCpuAgent(index int, pow pow.PoW) *CpuAgent {
 	return miner
 }

-func (self *CpuAgent) Work() chan<- *types.Block          { return self.workCh }
+func (self *CpuAgent) Work() chan<- *Work            { return self.workCh }
 func (self *CpuAgent) Pow() pow.PoW                  { return self.pow }
-func (self *CpuAgent) SetReturnCh(ch chan<- *types.Block) { self.returnCh = ch }
+func (self *CpuAgent) SetReturnCh(ch chan<- *Result) { self.returnCh = ch }

 func (self *CpuAgent) Stop() {
 	self.mu.Lock()
@ -65,7 +64,7 @@ func (self *CpuAgent) Start() {
 	self.quit = make(chan struct{})
 	// creating current op ch makes sure we're not closing a nil ch
 	// later on
-	self.workCh = make(chan *types.Block, 1)
+	self.workCh = make(chan *Work, 1)

 	go self.update()
 }
@ -74,13 +73,13 @@ func (self *CpuAgent) update() {
 out:
 	for {
 		select {
-		case block := <-self.workCh:
+		case work := <-self.workCh:
 			self.mu.Lock()
 			if self.quitCurrentOp != nil {
 				close(self.quitCurrentOp)
 			}
 			self.quitCurrentOp = make(chan struct{})
-			go self.mine(block, self.quitCurrentOp)
+			go self.mine(work, self.quitCurrentOp)
 			self.mu.Unlock()
 		case <-self.quit:
 			self.mu.Lock()
@ -106,13 +105,14 @@ done:
 	}
 }

-func (self *CpuAgent) mine(block *types.Block, stop <-chan struct{}) {
+func (self *CpuAgent) mine(work *Work, stop <-chan struct{}) {
 	glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("(re)started agent[%d]. mining...\n", self.index)

 	// Mine
-	nonce, mixDigest := self.pow.Search(block, stop)
+	nonce, mixDigest := self.pow.Search(work.Block, stop)
 	if nonce != 0 {
-		self.returnCh <- block.WithMiningResult(nonce, common.BytesToHash(mixDigest))
+		block := work.Block.WithMiningResult(nonce, common.BytesToHash(mixDigest))
+		self.returnCh <- &Result{work, block}
 	} else {
 		self.returnCh <- nil
 	}
--- a/miner/remote_agent.go
+++ b/miner/remote_agent.go
@ -18,39 +18,44 @@ package miner

 import (
 	"math/big"
+	"sync"
+	"time"

 	"github.com/ethereum/ethash"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger/glog"
 )

 type RemoteAgent struct {
-	work        *types.Block
-	currentWork *types.Block
+	mu sync.Mutex

 	quit     chan struct{}
-	workCh   chan *types.Block
-	returnCh chan<- *types.Block
+	workCh   chan *Work
+	returnCh chan<- *Result
+
+	currentWork *Work
+	work        map[common.Hash]*Work
 }

 func NewRemoteAgent() *RemoteAgent {
-	agent := &RemoteAgent{}
+	agent := &RemoteAgent{work: make(map[common.Hash]*Work)}

 	return agent
 }

-func (a *RemoteAgent) Work() chan<- *types.Block {
+func (a *RemoteAgent) Work() chan<- *Work {
 	return a.workCh
 }

-func (a *RemoteAgent) SetReturnCh(returnCh chan<- *types.Block) {
+func (a *RemoteAgent) SetReturnCh(returnCh chan<- *Result) {
 	a.returnCh = returnCh
 }

 func (a *RemoteAgent) Start() {
 	a.quit = make(chan struct{})
-	a.workCh = make(chan *types.Block, 1)
-	go a.run()
+	a.workCh = make(chan *Work, 1)
+	go a.maintainLoop()
 }

 func (a *RemoteAgent) Stop() {
@ -60,47 +65,72 @@ func (a *RemoteAgent) Stop() {

 func (a *RemoteAgent) GetHashRate() int64 { return 0 }

-func (a *RemoteAgent) run() {
+func (a *RemoteAgent) GetWork() [3]string {
+	a.mu.Lock()
+	defer a.mu.Unlock()
+
+	var res [3]string
+
+	if a.currentWork != nil {
+		block := a.currentWork.Block
+
+		res[0] = block.HashNoNonce().Hex()
+		seedHash, _ := ethash.GetSeedHash(block.NumberU64())
+		res[1] = common.BytesToHash(seedHash).Hex()
+		// Calculate the "target" to be returned to the external miner
+		n := big.NewInt(1)
+		n.Lsh(n, 255)
+		n.Div(n, block.Difficulty())
+		n.Lsh(n, 1)
+		res[2] = common.BytesToHash(n.Bytes()).Hex()
+
+		a.work[block.HashNoNonce()] = a.currentWork
+	}
+
+	return res
+}
+
+// Returns true or false, but does not indicate if the PoW was correct
+func (a *RemoteAgent) SubmitWork(nonce uint64, mixDigest, hash common.Hash) bool {
+	a.mu.Lock()
+	defer a.mu.Unlock()
+
+	// Make sure the work submitted is present
+	if a.work[hash] != nil {
+		block := a.work[hash].Block.WithMiningResult(nonce, mixDigest)
+		a.returnCh <- &Result{a.work[hash], block}
+
+		delete(a.work, hash)
+
+		return true
+	} else {
+		glog.V(logger.Info).Infof("Work was submitted for %x but no pending work found\n", hash)
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+func (a *RemoteAgent) maintainLoop() {
+	ticker := time.Tick(5 * time.Second)
+
 out:
 	for {
 		select {
 		case <-a.quit:
 			break out
 		case work := <-a.workCh:
-			a.work = work
+			a.mu.Lock()
+			a.currentWork = work
+			a.mu.Unlock()
+		case <-ticker:
+			// cleanup
+			a.mu.Lock()
+			for hash, work := range a.work {
+				if time.Since(work.createdAt) > 7*(12*time.Second) {
+					delete(a.work, hash)
+				}
+			}
+			a.mu.Unlock()
 		}
 	}
 }
-
-func (a *RemoteAgent) GetWork() [3]string {
-	var res [3]string
-
-	if a.work != nil {
-		a.currentWork = a.work
-
-		res[0] = a.work.HashNoNonce().Hex()
-		seedHash, _ := ethash.GetSeedHash(a.currentWork.NumberU64())
-		res[1] = common.BytesToHash(seedHash).Hex()
-		// Calculate the "target" to be returned to the external miner
-		n := big.NewInt(1)
-		n.Lsh(n, 255)
-		n.Div(n, a.work.Difficulty())
-		n.Lsh(n, 1)
-		res[2] = common.BytesToHash(n.Bytes()).Hex()
-	}
-
-	return res
-}
-
-func (a *RemoteAgent) SubmitWork(nonce uint64, mixDigest, seedHash common.Hash) bool {
-	// Return true or false, but does not indicate if the PoW was correct
-
-	// Make sure the external miner was working on the right hash
-	if a.currentWork != nil && a.work != nil {
-		a.returnCh <- a.currentWork.WithMiningResult(nonce, mixDigest)
-		//a.returnCh <- Work{a.currentWork.Number().Uint64(), nonce, mixDigest.Bytes(), seedHash.Bytes()}
-		return true
-	}
-
-	return false
-}
--- a/miner/worker.go
+++ b/miner/worker.go
@ -38,25 +38,20 @@ import (

 var jsonlogger = logger.NewJsonLogger()

-// Work holds the current work
-type Work struct {
-	Number    uint64
-	Nonce     uint64
-	MixDigest []byte
-	SeedHash  []byte
-}
+const (
+	resultQueueSize  = 10
+	miningLogAtDepth = 5
+)

 // Agent can register themself with the worker
 type Agent interface {
-	Work() chan<- *types.Block
-	SetReturnCh(chan<- *types.Block)
+	Work() chan<- *Work
+	SetReturnCh(chan<- *Result)
 	Stop()
 	Start()
 	GetHashRate() int64
 }

-const miningLogAtDepth = 5
-
 type uint64RingBuffer struct {
 	ints []uint64 //array of all integers in buffer
 	next int      //where is the next insertion? assert 0 <= next < len(ints)
@ -64,7 +59,7 @@ type uint64RingBuffer struct {

 // environment is the workers current environment and holds
 // all of the current state information
-type environment struct {
+type Work struct {
 	state              *state.StateDB     // apply state changes here
 	coinbase           *state.StateObject // the miner's account
 	ancestors          *set.Set           // ancestor set (used for checking uncle parent validity)
@ -78,11 +73,18 @@ type environment struct {
 	lowGasTxs          types.Transactions
 	localMinedBlocks   *uint64RingBuffer // the most recent block numbers that were mined locally (used to check block inclusion)

-	block *types.Block // the new block
+	Block *types.Block // the new block

 	header   *types.Header
 	txs      []*types.Transaction
 	receipts []*types.Receipt
+
+	createdAt time.Time
+}
+
+type Result struct {
+	Work  *Work
+	Block *types.Block
 }

 // worker is the main object which takes care of applying messages to the new state
@ -90,7 +92,7 @@ type worker struct {
 	mu sync.Mutex

 	agents []Agent
-	recv   chan *types.Block
+	recv   chan *Result
 	mux    *event.TypeMux
 	quit   chan struct{}
 	pow    pow.PoW
@ -105,7 +107,7 @@ type worker struct {
 	extra    []byte

 	currentMu sync.Mutex
-	current   *environment
+	current   *Work

 	uncleMu        sync.Mutex
 	possibleUncles map[common.Hash]*types.Block
@ -116,6 +118,8 @@ type worker struct {
 	// atomic status counters
 	mining int32
 	atWork int32
+
+	fullValidation bool
 }

 func newWorker(coinbase common.Address, eth core.Backend) *worker {
@ -123,7 +127,7 @@ func newWorker(coinbase common.Address, eth core.Backend) *worker {
 		eth:            eth,
 		mux:            eth.EventMux(),
 		extraDb:        eth.ExtraDb(),
-		recv:           make(chan *types.Block),
+		recv:           make(chan *Result, resultQueueSize),
 		gasPrice:       new(big.Int),
 		chain:          eth.ChainManager(),
 		proc:           eth.BlockProcessor(),
@ -131,6 +135,7 @@ func newWorker(coinbase common.Address, eth core.Backend) *worker {
 		coinbase:       coinbase,
 		txQueue:        make(map[common.Hash]*types.Transaction),
 		quit:           make(chan struct{}),
+		fullValidation: false,
 	}
 	go worker.update()
 	go worker.wait()
@ -164,7 +169,7 @@ func (self *worker) pendingBlock() *types.Block {
 			self.current.receipts,
 		)
 	}
-	return self.current.block
+	return self.current.Block
 }

 func (self *worker) start() {
@ -251,13 +256,23 @@ func newLocalMinedBlock(blockNumber uint64, prevMinedBlocks *uint64RingBuffer) (

 func (self *worker) wait() {
 	for {
-		for block := range self.recv {
+		for result := range self.recv {
 			atomic.AddInt32(&self.atWork, -1)

-			if block == nil {
+			if result == nil {
 				continue
 			}
+			block := result.Block
+			work := result.Work

+			work.state.Sync()
+			if self.fullValidation {
+				if _, err := self.chain.InsertChain(types.Blocks{block}); err != nil {
+					glog.V(logger.Error).Infoln("mining err", err)
+					continue
+				}
+				go self.mux.Post(core.NewMinedBlockEvent{block})
+			} else {
 				parent := self.chain.GetBlock(block.ParentHash())
 				if parent == nil {
 					glog.V(logger.Error).Infoln("Invalid block found during mining")
@ -278,21 +293,9 @@ func (self *worker) wait() {
 					// This puts transactions in a extra db for rpc
 					core.PutTransactions(self.extraDb, block, block.Transactions())
 					// store the receipts
-				core.PutReceipts(self.extraDb, self.current.receipts)
+					core.PutReceipts(self.extraDb, work.receipts)
 				}

-			// check staleness and display confirmation
-			var stale, confirm string
-			canonBlock := self.chain.GetBlockByNumber(block.NumberU64())
-			if canonBlock != nil && canonBlock.Hash() != block.Hash() {
-				stale = "stale "
-			} else {
-				confirm = "Wait 5 blocks for confirmation"
-				self.current.localMinedBlocks = newLocalMinedBlock(block.Number().Uint64(), self.current.localMinedBlocks)
-			}
-
-			glog.V(logger.Info).Infof("🔨  Mined %sblock (#%v / %x). %s", stale, block.Number(), block.Hash().Bytes()[:4], confirm)
-
 				// broadcast before waiting for validation
 				go func(block *types.Block, logs state.Logs) {
 					self.mux.Post(core.NewMinedBlockEvent{block})
@ -301,16 +304,28 @@ func (self *worker) wait() {
 						self.mux.Post(core.ChainHeadEvent{block})
 						self.mux.Post(logs)
 					}
-			}(block, self.current.state.Logs())
+				}(block, work.state.Logs())
+			}
+
+			// check staleness and display confirmation
+			var stale, confirm string
+			canonBlock := self.chain.GetBlockByNumber(block.NumberU64())
+			if canonBlock != nil && canonBlock.Hash() != block.Hash() {
+				stale = "stale "
+			} else {
+				confirm = "Wait 5 blocks for confirmation"
+				work.localMinedBlocks = newLocalMinedBlock(block.Number().Uint64(), work.localMinedBlocks)
+			}
+			glog.V(logger.Info).Infof("🔨  Mined %sblock (#%v / %x). %s", stale, block.Number(), block.Hash().Bytes()[:4], confirm)

 			self.commitNewWork()
 		}
 	}
 }

-func (self *worker) push() {
+func (self *worker) push(work *Work) {
 	if atomic.LoadInt32(&self.mining) == 1 {
-		if core.Canary(self.current.state) {
+		if core.Canary(work.state) {
 			glog.Infoln("Toxicity levels rising to deadly levels. Your canary has died. You can go back or continue down the mineshaft --more--")
 			glog.Infoln("You turn back and abort mining")
 			return
@ -321,7 +336,7 @@ func (self *worker) push() {
 			atomic.AddInt32(&self.atWork, 1)

 			if agent.Work() != nil {
-				agent.Work() <- self.current.block
+				agent.Work() <- work
 			}
 		}
 	}
@ -330,35 +345,36 @@ func (self *worker) push() {
 // makeCurrent creates a new environment for the current cycle.
 func (self *worker) makeCurrent(parent *types.Block, header *types.Header) {
 	state := state.New(parent.Root(), self.eth.StateDb())
-	current := &environment{
+	work := &Work{
 		state:     state,
 		ancestors: set.New(),
 		family:    set.New(),
 		uncles:    set.New(),
 		header:    header,
 		coinbase:  state.GetOrNewStateObject(self.coinbase),
+		createdAt: time.Now(),
 	}

 	// when 08 is processed ancestors contain 07 (quick block)
 	for _, ancestor := range self.chain.GetBlocksFromHash(parent.Hash(), 7) {
 		for _, uncle := range ancestor.Uncles() {
-			current.family.Add(uncle.Hash())
+			work.family.Add(uncle.Hash())
 		}
-		current.family.Add(ancestor.Hash())
-		current.ancestors.Add(ancestor.Hash())
+		work.family.Add(ancestor.Hash())
+		work.ancestors.Add(ancestor.Hash())
 	}
 	accounts, _ := self.eth.AccountManager().Accounts()

 	// Keep track of transactions which return errors so they can be removed
-	current.remove = set.New()
-	current.tcount = 0
-	current.ignoredTransactors = set.New()
-	current.lowGasTransactors = set.New()
-	current.ownedAccounts = accountAddressesSet(accounts)
+	work.remove = set.New()
+	work.tcount = 0
+	work.ignoredTransactors = set.New()
+	work.lowGasTransactors = set.New()
+	work.ownedAccounts = accountAddressesSet(accounts)
 	if self.current != nil {
-		current.localMinedBlocks = self.current.localMinedBlocks
+		work.localMinedBlocks = self.current.localMinedBlocks
 	}
-	self.current = current
+	self.current = work
 }

 func (w *worker) setGasPrice(p *big.Int) {
@ -372,13 +388,13 @@ func (w *worker) setGasPrice(p *big.Int) {
 	w.mux.Post(core.GasPriceChanged{w.gasPrice})
 }

-func (self *worker) isBlockLocallyMined(deepBlockNum uint64) bool {
+func (self *worker) isBlockLocallyMined(current *Work, deepBlockNum uint64) bool {
 	//Did this instance mine a block at {deepBlockNum} ?
 	var isLocal = false
-	for idx, blockNum := range self.current.localMinedBlocks.ints {
+	for idx, blockNum := range current.localMinedBlocks.ints {
 		if deepBlockNum == blockNum {
 			isLocal = true
-			self.current.localMinedBlocks.ints[idx] = 0 //prevent showing duplicate logs
+			current.localMinedBlocks.ints[idx] = 0 //prevent showing duplicate logs
 			break
 		}
 	}
@ -392,12 +408,12 @@ func (self *worker) isBlockLocallyMined(deepBlockNum uint64) bool {
 	return block != nil && block.Coinbase() == self.coinbase
 }

-func (self *worker) logLocalMinedBlocks(previous *environment) {
-	if previous != nil && self.current.localMinedBlocks != nil {
-		nextBlockNum := self.current.block.NumberU64()
-		for checkBlockNum := previous.block.NumberU64(); checkBlockNum < nextBlockNum; checkBlockNum++ {
+func (self *worker) logLocalMinedBlocks(current, previous *Work) {
+	if previous != nil && current.localMinedBlocks != nil {
+		nextBlockNum := current.Block.NumberU64()
+		for checkBlockNum := previous.Block.NumberU64(); checkBlockNum < nextBlockNum; checkBlockNum++ {
 			inspectBlockNum := checkBlockNum - miningLogAtDepth
-			if self.isBlockLocallyMined(inspectBlockNum) {
+			if self.isBlockLocallyMined(current, inspectBlockNum) {
 				glog.V(logger.Info).Infof("🔨 🔗  Mined %d blocks back: block #%v", miningLogAtDepth, inspectBlockNum)
 			}
 		}
@ -429,7 +445,7 @@ func (self *worker) commitNewWork() {
 	header := &types.Header{
 		ParentHash: parent.Hash(),
 		Number:     num.Add(num, common.Big1),
-		Difficulty: core.CalcDifficulty(uint64(tstamp), parent.Time(), parent.Difficulty()),
+		Difficulty: core.CalcDifficulty(uint64(tstamp), parent.Time(), parent.Number(), parent.Difficulty()),
 		GasLimit:   core.CalcGasLimit(parent),
 		GasUsed:    new(big.Int),
 		Coinbase:   self.coinbase,
@ -439,14 +455,47 @@ func (self *worker) commitNewWork() {

 	previous := self.current
 	self.makeCurrent(parent, header)
-	current := self.current
+	work := self.current

-	// commit transactions for this run.
+	/* //approach 1
 	transactions := self.eth.TxPool().GetTransactions()
 	sort.Sort(types.TxByNonce{transactions})
-	current.coinbase.SetGasLimit(header.GasLimit)
-	current.commitTransactions(transactions, self.gasPrice, self.proc)
-	self.eth.TxPool().RemoveTransactions(current.lowGasTxs)
+	*/
+
+	//approach 2
+	transactions := self.eth.TxPool().GetTransactions()
+	sort.Sort(types.TxByPriceAndNonce{transactions})
+
+	/* // approach 3
+	// commit transactions for this run.
+	txPerOwner := make(map[common.Address]types.Transactions)
+	// Sort transactions by owner
+	for _, tx := range self.eth.TxPool().GetTransactions() {
+		from, _ := tx.From() // we can ignore the sender error
+		txPerOwner[from] = append(txPerOwner[from], tx)
+	}
+	var (
+		singleTxOwner types.Transactions
+		multiTxOwner  types.Transactions
+	)
+	// Categorise transactions by
+	// 1. 1 owner tx per block
+	// 2. multi txs owner per block
+	for _, txs := range txPerOwner {
+		if len(txs) == 1 {
+			singleTxOwner = append(singleTxOwner, txs[0])
+		} else {
+			multiTxOwner = append(multiTxOwner, txs...)
+		}
+	}
+	sort.Sort(types.TxByPrice{singleTxOwner})
+	sort.Sort(types.TxByNonce{multiTxOwner})
+	transactions := append(singleTxOwner, multiTxOwner...)
+	*/
+
+	work.coinbase.SetGasLimit(header.GasLimit)
+	work.commitTransactions(transactions, self.gasPrice, self.proc)
+	self.eth.TxPool().RemoveTransactions(work.lowGasTxs)

 	// compute uncles for the new block.
 	var (
@ -457,7 +506,7 @@ func (self *worker) commitNewWork() {
 		if len(uncles) == 2 {
 			break
 		}
-		if err := self.commitUncle(uncle.Header()); err != nil {
+		if err := self.commitUncle(work, uncle.Header()); err != nil {
 			if glog.V(logger.Ridiculousness) {
 				glog.V(logger.Detail).Infof("Bad uncle found and will be removed (%x)\n", hash[:4])
 				glog.V(logger.Detail).Infoln(uncle)
@ -474,41 +523,40 @@ func (self *worker) commitNewWork() {

 	if atomic.LoadInt32(&self.mining) == 1 {
 		// commit state root after all state transitions.
-		core.AccumulateRewards(self.current.state, header, uncles)
-		current.state.SyncObjects()
-		self.current.state.Sync()
-		header.Root = current.state.Root()
+		core.AccumulateRewards(work.state, header, uncles)
+		work.state.SyncObjects()
+		header.Root = work.state.Root()
 	}

 	// create the new block whose nonce will be mined.
-	current.block = types.NewBlock(header, current.txs, uncles, current.receipts)
-	self.current.block.Td = new(big.Int).Set(core.CalcTD(self.current.block, self.chain.GetBlock(self.current.block.ParentHash())))
+	work.Block = types.NewBlock(header, work.txs, uncles, work.receipts)
+	work.Block.Td = new(big.Int).Set(core.CalcTD(work.Block, self.chain.GetBlock(work.Block.ParentHash())))

 	// We only care about logging if we're actually mining.
 	if atomic.LoadInt32(&self.mining) == 1 {
-		glog.V(logger.Info).Infof("commit new work on block %v with %d txs & %d uncles. Took %v\n", current.block.Number(), current.tcount, len(uncles), time.Since(tstart))
-		self.logLocalMinedBlocks(previous)
+		glog.V(logger.Info).Infof("commit new work on block %v with %d txs & %d uncles. Took %v\n", work.Block.Number(), work.tcount, len(uncles), time.Since(tstart))
+		self.logLocalMinedBlocks(work, previous)
 	}

-	self.push()
+	self.push(work)
 }

-func (self *worker) commitUncle(uncle *types.Header) error {
+func (self *worker) commitUncle(work *Work, uncle *types.Header) error {
 	hash := uncle.Hash()
-	if self.current.uncles.Has(hash) {
+	if work.uncles.Has(hash) {
 		return core.UncleError("Uncle not unique")
 	}
-	if !self.current.ancestors.Has(uncle.ParentHash) {
+	if !work.ancestors.Has(uncle.ParentHash) {
 		return core.UncleError(fmt.Sprintf("Uncle's parent unknown (%x)", uncle.ParentHash[0:4]))
 	}
-	if self.current.family.Has(hash) {
+	if work.family.Has(hash) {
 		return core.UncleError(fmt.Sprintf("Uncle already in family (%x)", hash))
 	}
-	self.current.uncles.Add(uncle.Hash())
+	work.uncles.Add(uncle.Hash())
 	return nil
 }

-func (env *environment) commitTransactions(transactions types.Transactions, gasPrice *big.Int, proc *core.BlockProcessor) {
+func (env *Work) commitTransactions(transactions types.Transactions, gasPrice *big.Int, proc *core.BlockProcessor) {
 	for _, tx := range transactions {
 		// We can skip err. It has already been validated in the tx pool
 		from, _ := tx.From()
@ -566,7 +614,7 @@ func (env *environment) commitTransactions(transactions types.Transactions, gasP
 	}
 }

-func (env *environment) commitTransaction(tx *types.Transaction, proc *core.BlockProcessor) error {
+func (env *Work) commitTransaction(tx *types.Transaction, proc *core.BlockProcessor) error {
 	snap := env.state.Copy()
 	receipt, _, err := proc.ApplyTransaction(env.coinbase, env.state, env.header, tx, env.header.GasUsed, true)
 	if err != nil {
--- a/p2p/dial.go
+++ b/p2p/dial.go
@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"time"

+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/fdtrack"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger/glog"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p/discover"
@ -212,6 +213,7 @@ func (t *dialTask) Do(srv *Server) {
 		glog.V(logger.Detail).Infof("dial error: %v", err)
 		return
 	}
+	fd = fdtrack.WrapConn("p2p", fd)
 	mfd := newMeteredConn(fd, false)

 	srv.setupConn(mfd, t.flags, t.dest)
--- a/p2p/discover/udp.go
+++ b/p2p/discover/udp.go
@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/fdtrack"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger/glog"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p/nat"
@ -197,6 +198,7 @@ func ListenUDP(priv *ecdsa.PrivateKey, laddr string, natm nat.Interface, nodeDBP
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	fdtrack.Open("p2p")
 	conn, err := net.ListenUDP("udp", addr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@ -234,6 +236,7 @@ func newUDP(priv *ecdsa.PrivateKey, c conn, natm nat.Interface, nodeDBPath strin

 func (t *udp) close() {
 	close(t.closing)
+	fdtrack.Close("p2p")
 	t.conn.Close()
 	// TODO: wait for the loops to end.
 }
--- a/p2p/metrics.go
+++ b/p2p/metrics.go
@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ var (
 // meteredConn is a wrapper around a network TCP connection that meters both the
 // inbound and outbound network traffic.
 type meteredConn struct {
-	*net.TCPConn // Network connection to wrap with metering
+	net.Conn
 }

 // newMeteredConn creates a new metered connection, also bumping the ingress or
@ -45,13 +45,13 @@ func newMeteredConn(conn net.Conn, ingress bool) net.Conn {
 	} else {
 		egressConnectMeter.Mark(1)
 	}
-	return &meteredConn{conn.(*net.TCPConn)}
+	return &meteredConn{conn}
 }

 // Read delegates a network read to the underlying connection, bumping the ingress
 // traffic meter along the way.
 func (c *meteredConn) Read(b []byte) (n int, err error) {
-	n, err = c.TCPConn.Read(b)
+	n, err = c.Conn.Read(b)
 	ingressTrafficMeter.Mark(int64(n))
 	return
 }
@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ func (c *meteredConn) Read(b []byte) (n int, err error) {
 // Write delegates a network write to the underlying connection, bumping the
 // egress traffic meter along the way.
 func (c *meteredConn) Write(b []byte) (n int, err error) {
-	n, err = c.TCPConn.Write(b)
+	n, err = c.Conn.Write(b)
 	egressTrafficMeter.Mark(int64(n))
 	return
 }
--- a/p2p/server.go
+++ b/p2p/server.go
@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"

+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/fdtrack"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger/glog"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p/discover"
@ -372,7 +373,7 @@ func (srv *Server) startListening() error {
 	}
 	laddr := listener.Addr().(*net.TCPAddr)
 	srv.ListenAddr = laddr.String()
-	srv.listener = listener
+	srv.listener = fdtrack.WrapListener("p2p", listener)
 	srv.loopWG.Add(1)
 	go srv.listenLoop()
 	// Map the TCP listening port if NAT is configured.
--- a/params/protocol_params.go
+++ b/params/protocol_params.go
@ -39,8 +39,13 @@ var (
 	EcrecoverGas           = big.NewInt(3000)   //
 	Sha256WordGas          = big.NewInt(12)     //

+<<<<<<< HEAD
 	MinGasLimit     = big.NewInt(5000) // Minimum the gas limit may ever be.
 	GenesisGasLimit = big.NewInt(5000) // Gas limit of the Genesis block.
+=======
+	MinGasLimit     = big.NewInt(5000)    // Minimum the gas limit may ever be.
+	GenesisGasLimit = big.NewInt(3141592) // Gas limit of the Genesis block.
+>>>>>>> 9a02f537260f64cc91a66074d920ae20b99b0a40

 	Sha3Gas              = big.NewInt(30)     // Once per SHA3 operation.
 	Sha256Gas            = big.NewInt(60)     //
--- a/rpc/api/args_test.go
+++ b/rpc/api/args_test.go
@ -935,9 +935,9 @@ func TestCallArgsNotStrings(t *testing.T) {
 func TestCallArgsToEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 	input := `[{"from": "0xb60e8dd61c5d32be8058bb8eb970870f07233155"}]`
 	args := new(CallArgs)
-	str := ExpectValidationError(json.Unmarshal([]byte(input), &args))
-	if len(str) > 0 {
-		t.Error(str)
+	err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(input), &args)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error("Did not expect error. Got", err)
 	}
 }

--- a/rpc/api/eth.go
+++ b/rpc/api/eth.go
@ -21,8 +21,9 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"math/big"

+	"fmt"
+
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc/codec"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc/shared"
@ -322,7 +323,7 @@ func (self *ethApi) EstimateGas(req *shared.Request) (interface{}, error) {
 	if len(gas) == 0 {
 		return newHexNum(0), nil
 	} else {
-		return newHexNum(gas), nil
+		return newHexNum(common.String2Big(gas)), err
 	}
 }

@ -578,14 +579,17 @@ func (self *ethApi) Resend(req *shared.Request) (interface{}, error) {
 		return nil, shared.NewDecodeParamError(err.Error())
 	}

-	ret, err := self.xeth.Transact(args.Tx.From, args.Tx.To, args.Tx.Nonce, args.Tx.Value, args.GasLimit, args.GasPrice, args.Tx.Data)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+	from := common.HexToAddress(args.Tx.From)
+
+	pending := self.ethereum.TxPool().GetTransactions()
+	for _, p := range pending {
+		if pFrom, err := p.From(); err == nil && pFrom == from && p.SigHash() == args.Tx.tx.SigHash() {
+			self.ethereum.TxPool().RemoveTx(common.HexToHash(args.Tx.Hash))
+			return self.xeth.Transact(args.Tx.From, args.Tx.To, args.Tx.Nonce, args.Tx.Value, args.GasLimit, args.GasPrice, args.Tx.Data)
+		}
 	}

-	self.ethereum.TxPool().RemoveTransactions(types.Transactions{args.Tx.tx})
-
-	return ret, nil
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("Transaction %s not found", args.Tx.Hash)
 }

 func (self *ethApi) PendingTransactions(req *shared.Request) (interface{}, error) {
--- a/rpc/api/eth_args.go
+++ b/rpc/api/eth_args.go
@ -469,10 +469,6 @@ func (args *CallArgs) UnmarshalJSON(b []byte) (err error) {
 	}

 	args.From = ext.From
-
-	if len(ext.To) == 0 {
-		return shared.NewValidationError("to", "is required")
-	}
 	args.To = ext.To

 	var num *big.Int
@ -888,6 +884,7 @@ type tx struct {
 	Data     string
 	GasLimit string
 	GasPrice string
+	Hash     string
 }

 func newTx(t *types.Transaction) *tx {
@ -906,6 +903,7 @@ func newTx(t *types.Transaction) *tx {
 		Data:     "0x" + common.Bytes2Hex(t.Data()),
 		GasLimit: t.Gas().String(),
 		GasPrice: t.GasPrice().String(),
+		Hash:     t.Hash().Hex(),
 	}
 }

@ -931,6 +929,12 @@ func (tx *tx) UnmarshalJSON(b []byte) (err error) {
 		contractCreation = true
 	)

+	if val, found := fields["Hash"]; found {
+		if hashVal, ok := val.(string); ok {
+			tx.Hash = hashVal
+		}
+	}
+
 	if val, found := fields["To"]; found {
 		if strVal, ok := val.(string); ok && len(strVal) > 0 {
 			tx.To = strVal
--- a/rpc/api/utils.go
+++ b/rpc/api/utils.go
@ -32,16 +32,22 @@ var (
 	AutoCompletion = map[string][]string{
 		"admin": []string{
 			"addPeer",
-			"peers",
-			"nodeInfo",
-			"exportChain",
-			"importChain",
-			"verbosity",
 			"chainSyncStatus",
-			"setSolc",
 			"datadir",
+			"exportChain",
+			"getContractInfo",
+			"importChain",
+			"nodeInfo",
+			"peers",
+			"register",
+			"registerUrl",
+			"setSolc",
+			"sleepBlocks",
+			"startNatSpec",
 			"startRPC",
+			"stopNatSpec",
 			"stopRPC",
+			"verbosity",
 		},
 		"db": []string{
 			"getString",
@ -97,6 +103,7 @@ var (
 		"miner": []string{
 			"hashrate",
 			"makeDAG",
+			"setEtherbase",
 			"setExtra",
 			"setGasPrice",
 			"startAutoDAG",
--- a/rpc/comms/http.go
+++ b/rpc/comms/http.go
@ -17,13 +17,19 @@
 package comms

 import (
+	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"

 	"bytes"
+	"io"
 	"io/ioutil"

+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/fdtrack"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger/glog"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc/codec"
@ -31,10 +37,15 @@ import (
 	"github.com/rs/cors"
 )

+const (
+	serverIdleTimeout  = 10 * time.Second // idle keep-alive connections
+	serverReadTimeout  = 15 * time.Second // per-request read timeout
+	serverWriteTimeout = 15 * time.Second // per-request read timeout
+)
+
 var (
-	// main HTTP rpc listener
-	httpListener         *stoppableTCPListener
-	listenerStoppedError = fmt.Errorf("Listener has stopped")
+	httpServerMu sync.Mutex
+	httpServer   *stopServer
 )

 type HttpConfig struct {
@ -43,42 +54,172 @@ type HttpConfig struct {
 	CorsDomain    string
 }

+// stopServer augments http.Server with idle connection tracking.
+// Idle keep-alive connections are shut down when Close is called.
+type stopServer struct {
+	*http.Server
+	l net.Listener
+	// connection tracking state
+	mu       sync.Mutex
+	shutdown bool // true when Stop has returned
+	idle     map[net.Conn]struct{}
+}
+
+type handler struct {
+	codec codec.Codec
+	api   shared.EthereumApi
+}
+
+// StartHTTP starts listening for RPC requests sent via HTTP.
 func StartHttp(cfg HttpConfig, codec codec.Codec, api shared.EthereumApi) error {
-	if httpListener != nil {
-		if fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", cfg.ListenAddress, cfg.ListenPort) != httpListener.Addr().String() {
-			return fmt.Errorf("RPC service already running on %s ", httpListener.Addr().String())
+	httpServerMu.Lock()
+	defer httpServerMu.Unlock()
+
+	addr := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", cfg.ListenAddress, cfg.ListenPort)
+	if httpServer != nil {
+		if addr != httpServer.Addr {
+			return fmt.Errorf("RPC service already running on %s ", httpServer.Addr)
 		}
 		return nil // RPC service already running on given host/port
 	}
-
-	l, err := newStoppableTCPListener(fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", cfg.ListenAddress, cfg.ListenPort))
+	// Set up the request handler, wrapping it with CORS headers if configured.
+	handler := http.Handler(&handler{codec, api})
+	if len(cfg.CorsDomain) > 0 {
+		opts := cors.Options{
+			AllowedMethods: []string{"POST"},
+			AllowedOrigins: strings.Split(cfg.CorsDomain, " "),
+		}
+		handler = cors.New(opts).Handler(handler)
+	}
+	// Start the server.
+	s, err := listenHTTP(addr, handler)
 	if err != nil {
 		glog.V(logger.Error).Infof("Can't listen on %s:%d: %v", cfg.ListenAddress, cfg.ListenPort, err)
 		return err
 	}
-	httpListener = l
-
-	var handler http.Handler
-	if len(cfg.CorsDomain) > 0 {
-		var opts cors.Options
-		opts.AllowedMethods = []string{"POST"}
-		opts.AllowedOrigins = strings.Split(cfg.CorsDomain, " ")
-
-		c := cors.New(opts)
-		handler = newStoppableHandler(c.Handler(gethHttpHandler(codec, api)), l.stop)
-	} else {
-		handler = newStoppableHandler(gethHttpHandler(codec, api), l.stop)
-	}
-
-	go http.Serve(l, handler)
-
+	httpServer = s
 	return nil
 }

+func (h *handler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	// Limit request size to resist DoS
+	if req.ContentLength > maxHttpSizeReqLength {
+		err := fmt.Errorf("Request too large")
+		response := shared.NewRpcErrorResponse(-1, shared.JsonRpcVersion, -32700, err)
+		sendJSON(w, &response)
+		return
+	}
+
+	defer req.Body.Close()
+	payload, err := ioutil.ReadAll(req.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		err := fmt.Errorf("Could not read request body")
+		response := shared.NewRpcErrorResponse(-1, shared.JsonRpcVersion, -32700, err)
+		sendJSON(w, &response)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c := h.codec.New(nil)
+	var rpcReq shared.Request
+	if err = c.Decode(payload, &rpcReq); err == nil {
+		reply, err := h.api.Execute(&rpcReq)
+		res := shared.NewRpcResponse(rpcReq.Id, rpcReq.Jsonrpc, reply, err)
+		sendJSON(w, &res)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var reqBatch []shared.Request
+	if err = c.Decode(payload, &reqBatch); err == nil {
+		resBatch := make([]*interface{}, len(reqBatch))
+		resCount := 0
+		for i, rpcReq := range reqBatch {
+			reply, err := h.api.Execute(&rpcReq)
+			if rpcReq.Id != nil { // this leaves nil entries in the response batch for later removal
+				resBatch[i] = shared.NewRpcResponse(rpcReq.Id, rpcReq.Jsonrpc, reply, err)
+				resCount += 1
+			}
+		}
+		// make response omitting nil entries
+		sendJSON(w, resBatch[:resCount])
+		return
+	}
+
+	// invalid request
+	err = fmt.Errorf("Could not decode request")
+	res := shared.NewRpcErrorResponse(-1, shared.JsonRpcVersion, -32600, err)
+	sendJSON(w, res)
+}
+
+func sendJSON(w io.Writer, v interface{}) {
+	if glog.V(logger.Detail) {
+		if payload, err := json.MarshalIndent(v, "", "\t"); err == nil {
+			glog.Infof("Sending payload: %s", payload)
+		}
+	}
+	if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(v); err != nil {
+		glog.V(logger.Error).Infoln("Error sending JSON:", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// Stop closes all active HTTP connections and shuts down the server.
 func StopHttp() {
-	if httpListener != nil {
-		httpListener.Stop()
-		httpListener = nil
+	httpServerMu.Lock()
+	defer httpServerMu.Unlock()
+	if httpServer != nil {
+		httpServer.Close()
+		httpServer = nil
+	}
+}
+
+func listenHTTP(addr string, h http.Handler) (*stopServer, error) {
+	l, err := net.Listen("tcp", addr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	l = fdtrack.WrapListener("rpc", l)
+	s := &stopServer{l: l, idle: make(map[net.Conn]struct{})}
+	s.Server = &http.Server{
+		Addr:         addr,
+		Handler:      h,
+		ReadTimeout:  serverReadTimeout,
+		WriteTimeout: serverWriteTimeout,
+		ConnState:    s.connState,
+	}
+	go s.Serve(l)
+	return s, nil
+}
+
+func (s *stopServer) connState(c net.Conn, state http.ConnState) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	// Close c immediately if we're past shutdown.
+	if s.shutdown {
+		if state != http.StateClosed {
+			c.Close()
+		}
+		return
+	}
+	if state == http.StateIdle {
+		s.idle[c] = struct{}{}
+	} else {
+		delete(s.idle, c)
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *stopServer) Close() {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	// Shut down the acceptor. No new connections can be created.
+	s.l.Close()
+	// Drop all idle connections. Non-idle connections will be
+	// closed by connState as soon as they become idle.
+	s.shutdown = true
+	for c := range s.idle {
+		glog.V(logger.Detail).Infof("closing idle connection %v", c.RemoteAddr())
+		c.Close()
+		delete(s.idle, c)
 	}
 }

--- a/rpc/comms/ipc_unix.go
+++ b/rpc/comms/ipc_unix.go
@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"os"

+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/fdtrack"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger/glog"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc/codec"
@ -50,15 +51,16 @@ func (self *ipcClient) reconnect() error {
 func startIpc(cfg IpcConfig, codec codec.Codec, api shared.EthereumApi) error {
 	os.Remove(cfg.Endpoint) // in case it still exists from a previous run

-	l, err := net.ListenUnix("unix", &net.UnixAddr{Name: cfg.Endpoint, Net: "unix"})
+	l, err := net.Listen("unix", cfg.Endpoint)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	l = fdtrack.WrapListener("ipc", l)
 	os.Chmod(cfg.Endpoint, 0600)

 	go func() {
 		for {
-			conn, err := l.AcceptUnix()
+			conn, err := l.Accept()
 			if err != nil {
 				glog.V(logger.Error).Infof("Error accepting ipc connection - %v\n", err)
 				continue
--- a/tests/files/BasicTests/difficulty.json
+++ b/tests/files/BasicTests/difficulty.json
@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+{
+    "preExpDiffIncrease" : {
+        "parentTimestamp" : "42",
+        "parentDifficulty" : "1000000",
+        "currentTimestamp" : "43",
+        "currentBlockNumber" : "42",
+        "currentDifficulty" : "1000488"
+    },
+    "preExpDiffDecrease" : {
+        "parentTimestamp" : "42",
+        "parentDifficulty" : "1000000",
+        "currentTimestamp" : "60",
+        "currentBlockNumber" : "42",
+        "currentDifficulty" : "999512"
+    },
+    "ExpDiffAtBlock200000Increase" : {
+        "parentTimestamp" : "42",
+        "parentDifficulty" : "1000000",
+        "currentTimestamp" : "43",
+        "currentBlockNumber" : "200000",
+        "currentDifficulty" : "1000489"
+    },
+    "ExpDiffAtBlock200000Decrease" : {
+        "parentTimestamp" : "42",
+        "parentDifficulty" : "1000000",
+        "currentTimestamp" : "60",
+        "currentBlockNumber" : "200000",
+        "currentDifficulty" : "999513"
+    },
+    "ExpDiffPostBlock200000Increase" : {
+        "parentTimestamp" : "42",
+        "parentDifficulty" : "1000000",
+        "currentTimestamp" : "43",
+        "currentBlockNumber" : "200001",
+        "currentDifficulty" : "1000489"
+    },
+    "ExpDiffPostBlock200000Decrease" : {
+        "parentTimestamp" : "42",
+        "parentDifficulty" : "1000000",
+        "currentTimestamp" : "60",
+        "currentBlockNumber" : "200001",
+        "currentDifficulty" : "999513"
+    },
+    "ExpDiffPreBlock300000Increase" : {
+        "parentTimestamp" : "42",
+        "parentDifficulty" : "1000000",
+        "currentTimestamp" : "43",
+        "currentBlockNumber" : "299999",
+        "currentDifficulty" : "1000489"
+    },
+    "ExpDiffPreBlock300000Decrease" : {
+        "parentTimestamp" : "42",
+        "parentDifficulty" : "1000000",
+        "currentTimestamp" : "60",
+        "currentBlockNumber" : "299999",
+        "currentDifficulty" : "999513"
+    },
+    "ExpDiffAtBlock300000Increase" : {
+        "parentTimestamp" : "42",
+        "parentDifficulty" : "1000000",
+        "currentTimestamp" : "43",
+        "currentBlockNumber" : "300000",
+        "currentDifficulty" : "1000490"
+    },
+    "ExpDiffAtBlock300000Decrease" : {
+        "parentTimestamp" : "42",
+        "parentDifficulty" : "1000000",
+        "currentTimestamp" : "60",
+        "currentBlockNumber" : "300000",
+        "currentDifficulty" : "999514"
+    },
+    "ExpDiffPostBlock300000Increase" : {
+        "parentTimestamp" : "42",
+        "parentDifficulty" : "1000000",
+        "currentTimestamp" : "43",
+        "currentBlockNumber" : "300001",
+        "currentDifficulty" : "1000490"
+    },
+    "ExpDiffPostBlock300000Decrease" : {
+        "parentTimestamp" : "42",
+        "parentDifficulty" : "1000000",
+        "currentTimestamp" : "60",
+        "currentBlockNumber" : "300001",
+        "currentDifficulty" : "999514"
+    },
+    "ExpDiffInAYearIncrease" : {
+        "parentTimestamp" : "42",
+        "parentDifficulty" : "1000000",
+        "currentTimestamp" : "43",
+        "currentBlockNumber" : "2302400",
+        "currentDifficulty" : "3097640"
+    },
+    "ExpDiffInAYearDecrease" : {
+        "parentTimestamp" : "42",
+        "parentDifficulty" : "1000000",
+        "currentTimestamp" : "60",
+        "currentBlockNumber" : "2302400",
+        "currentDifficulty" : "3096664"
+    }
+}
--- a/xeth/xeth.go
+++ b/xeth/xeth.go
@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ func New(ethereum *eth.Ethereum, frontend Frontend) *XEth {
 	if frontend == nil {
 		xeth.frontend = dummyFrontend{}
 	}
-	xeth.state = NewState(xeth, xeth.backend.ChainManager().TransState())
+	xeth.state = NewState(xeth, xeth.backend.ChainManager().State())

 	go xeth.start()
 	go xeth.filterManager.Start()
@ -310,7 +310,12 @@ func (self *XEth) EthTransactionByHash(hash string) (tx *types.Transaction, blha
 	// some chain, this probably needs to be refactored for more expressiveness
 	data, _ := self.backend.ExtraDb().Get(common.FromHex(hash))
 	if len(data) != 0 {
-		tx = types.NewTransactionFromBytes(data)
+		dtx := new(types.Transaction)
+		if err := rlp.DecodeBytes(data, dtx); err != nil {
+			glog.V(logger.Error).Infoln(err)
+			return
+		}
+		tx = dtx
 	} else { // check pending transactions
 		tx = self.backend.TxPool().GetTransaction(common.HexToHash(hash))
 	}
@ -773,8 +778,14 @@ func (self *XEth) FromNumber(str string) string {
 }

 func (self *XEth) PushTx(encodedTx string) (string, error) {
-	tx := types.NewTransactionFromBytes(common.FromHex(encodedTx))
-	err := self.backend.TxPool().Add(tx)
+	tx := new(types.Transaction)
+	err := rlp.DecodeBytes(common.FromHex(encodedTx), tx)
+	if err != nil {
+		glog.V(logger.Error).Infoln(err)
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	err = self.backend.TxPool().Add(tx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}