diff --git a/core/chain_makers.go b/core/chain_makers.go
index e1dafb32dc..4a838a5aa7 100644
--- a/core/chain_makers.go
+++ b/core/chain_makers.go
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ func (b *BlockGen) AddTx(tx *types.Transaction) {
 		b.SetCoinbase(common.Address{})
 	}
 	b.statedb.StartRecord(tx.Hash(), common.Hash{}, len(b.txs))
-	receipt, _, _, err := ApplyTransaction(b.config, nil, b.gasPool, b.statedb, b.header, tx, b.header.GasUsed, vm.Config{})
+	receipt, _, err := ApplyTransaction(b.config, nil, b.gasPool, b.statedb, b.header, tx, b.header.GasUsed, vm.Config{})
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
diff --git a/core/state_processor.go b/core/state_processor.go
index 67a7ad5a12..bc715cfc67 100644
--- a/core/state_processor.go
+++ b/core/state_processor.go
@@ -74,12 +74,12 @@ func (p *StateProcessor) Process(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, cfg
 	for i, tx := range block.Transactions() {
 		//fmt.Println("tx:", i)
 		statedb.StartRecord(tx.Hash(), block.Hash(), i)
-		receipt, logs, _, err := ApplyTransaction(p.config, p.bc, gp, statedb, header, tx, totalUsedGas, cfg)
+		receipt, _, err := ApplyTransaction(p.config, p.bc, gp, statedb, header, tx, totalUsedGas, cfg)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, nil, nil, err
 		}
 		receipts = append(receipts, receipt)
-		allLogs = append(allLogs, logs...)
+		allLogs = append(allLogs, receipt.Logs...)
 	}
 	AccumulateRewards(statedb, header, block.Uncles())
 
@@ -87,14 +87,13 @@ func (p *StateProcessor) Process(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, cfg
 }
 
 // ApplyTransaction attempts to apply a transaction to the given state database
-// and uses the input parameters for its environment.
-//
-// ApplyTransactions returns the generated receipts and vm logs during the
-// execution of the state transition phase.
-func ApplyTransaction(config *params.ChainConfig, bc *BlockChain, gp *GasPool, statedb *state.StateDB, header *types.Header, tx *types.Transaction, usedGas *big.Int, cfg vm.Config) (*types.Receipt, vm.Logs, *big.Int, error) {
+// and uses the input parameters for its environment. It returns the receipt
+// for the transaction, gas used and an error if the transaction failed,
+// indicating the block was invalid.
+func ApplyTransaction(config *params.ChainConfig, bc *BlockChain, gp *GasPool, statedb *state.StateDB, header *types.Header, tx *types.Transaction, usedGas *big.Int, cfg vm.Config) (*types.Receipt, *big.Int, error) {
 	msg, err := tx.AsMessage(types.MakeSigner(config, header.Number))
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, err
+		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 	// Create a new context to be used in the EVM environment
 	context := NewEVMContext(msg, header, bc)
@@ -104,7 +103,7 @@ func ApplyTransaction(config *params.ChainConfig, bc *BlockChain, gp *GasPool, s
 	// Apply the transaction to the current state (included in the env)
 	_, gas, err := ApplyMessage(vmenv, msg, gp)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, err
+		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 
 	// Update the state with pending changes
@@ -125,7 +124,7 @@ func ApplyTransaction(config *params.ChainConfig, bc *BlockChain, gp *GasPool, s
 
 	glog.V(logger.Debug).Infoln(receipt)
 
-	return receipt, receipt.Logs, gas, err
+	return receipt, gas, err
 }
 
 // AccumulateRewards credits the coinbase of the given block with the
diff --git a/core/vm_env.go b/core/vm_env.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 58e71e305d..0000000000
--- a/core/vm_env.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
-// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
-//
-// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
-// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-// (at your option) any later version.
-//
-// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
-// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
-//
-// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
-// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-package core
diff --git a/miner/worker.go b/miner/worker.go
index f29566c0a9..3ae51d1208 100644
--- a/miner/worker.go
+++ b/miner/worker.go
@@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ func (env *Work) commitTransactions(mux *event.TypeMux, txs *types.TransactionsB
 func (env *Work) commitTransaction(tx *types.Transaction, bc *core.BlockChain, gp *core.GasPool) (error, vm.Logs) {
 	snap := env.state.Snapshot()
 
-	receipt, logs, _, err := core.ApplyTransaction(env.config, bc, gp, env.state, env.header, tx, env.header.GasUsed, vm.Config{})
+	receipt, _, err := core.ApplyTransaction(env.config, bc, gp, env.state, env.header, tx, env.header.GasUsed, vm.Config{})
 	if err != nil {
 		env.state.RevertToSnapshot(snap)
 		return err, nil
@@ -624,7 +624,7 @@ func (env *Work) commitTransaction(tx *types.Transaction, bc *core.BlockChain, g
 	env.txs = append(env.txs, tx)
 	env.receipts = append(env.receipts, receipt)
 
-	return nil, logs
+	return nil, receipt.Logs
 }
 
 // TODO: remove or use