diff --git a/triedb/pathdb/history_index.go b/triedb/pathdb/history_index.go
index 0c5eb8db21..eee4c10273 100644
--- a/triedb/pathdb/history_index.go
+++ b/triedb/pathdb/history_index.go
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ func parseIndex(blob []byte, bitmapSize int) ([]*indexBlockDesc, error) {
 	}
 	var (
 		lastID   uint32
-		descList []*indexBlockDesc
+		descList = make([]*indexBlockDesc, 0, len(blob)/size)
 	)
 	for i := 0; i < len(blob)/size; i++ {
 		var desc indexBlockDesc
diff --git a/triedb/pathdb/history_index_block.go b/triedb/pathdb/history_index_block.go
index fd43d81b78..bb823bb13f 100644
--- a/triedb/pathdb/history_index_block.go
+++ b/triedb/pathdb/history_index_block.go
@@ -65,13 +65,13 @@ func (d *indexBlockDesc) encode() []byte {
 	return buf[:]
 }
 
-// decode unpacks index block descriptor from byte stream. It's safe to mutate
+// decode unpacks index block descriptor from byte stream. It's unsafe to mutate
 // the provided byte stream after the function call.
 func (d *indexBlockDesc) decode(blob []byte) {
 	d.max = binary.BigEndian.Uint64(blob[:8])
 	d.entries = binary.BigEndian.Uint16(blob[8:10])
 	d.id = binary.BigEndian.Uint32(blob[10:14])
-	d.extBitmap = bytes.Clone(blob[indexBlockDescSize:])
+	d.extBitmap = blob[indexBlockDescSize:] // no-deep copy!
 }
 
 // copy returns a deep-copied object.
diff --git a/triedb/pathdb/history_reader.go b/triedb/pathdb/history_reader.go
index 8b45f9ffbb..4ae1fb36cb 100644
--- a/triedb/pathdb/history_reader.go
+++ b/triedb/pathdb/history_reader.go
@@ -285,10 +285,7 @@ func newTrienodeReader(disk ethdb.KeyValueReader, freezer ethdb.AncientReader, r
 
 // readTrienode retrieves the trienode data from the specified trienode history.
 func (r *trienodeReader) readTrienode(addrHash common.Hash, path string, historyID uint64) ([]byte, bool, error) {
-	tr, err := newTrienodeHistoryReader(historyID, r.freezer)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, false, err
-	}
+	tr := newTrienodeHistoryReader(historyID, r.freezer)
 	return tr.read(addrHash, path)
 }
 
diff --git a/triedb/pathdb/history_trienode.go b/triedb/pathdb/history_trienode.go
index ded7e2f854..6e4bec36a2 100644
--- a/triedb/pathdb/history_trienode.go
+++ b/triedb/pathdb/history_trienode.go
@@ -719,80 +719,60 @@ func (sr *singleTrienodeHistoryReader) read(key []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
 // It resolves data from the underlying ancient store only when needed, minimizing
 // I/O overhead.
 type trienodeHistoryReader struct {
-	id        uint64                                       // ID of the associated trienode history
-	reader    ethdb.AncientReader                          // Database reader of ancient store
-	keyRanges map[common.Hash]iRange                       // Key ranges identifying trie chunks
-	valRanges map[common.Hash]iRange                       // Value ranges identifying trie chunks
-	iReaders  map[common.Hash]*singleTrienodeHistoryReader // readers for each individual trie chunk
+	id     uint64              // ID of the associated trienode history
+	reader ethdb.AncientReader // Database reader of ancient store
 }
 
 // newTrienodeHistoryReader constructs the reader for specific trienode history.
-func newTrienodeHistoryReader(id uint64, reader ethdb.AncientReader) (*trienodeHistoryReader, error) {
-	r := &trienodeHistoryReader{
-		id:       id,
-		reader:   reader,
-		iReaders: make(map[common.Hash]*singleTrienodeHistoryReader),
+func newTrienodeHistoryReader(id uint64, reader ethdb.AncientReader) *trienodeHistoryReader {
+	return &trienodeHistoryReader{
+		id:     id,
+		reader: reader,
 	}
-	if err := r.decodeHeader(); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return r, nil
 }
 
 // decodeHeader decodes the header section of trienode history.
-func (r *trienodeHistoryReader) decodeHeader() error {
+func (r *trienodeHistoryReader) decodeHeader(owner common.Hash) (iRange, iRange, bool, error) {
 	header, err := rawdb.ReadTrienodeHistoryHeader(r.reader, r.id)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return iRange{}, iRange{}, false, err
 	}
 	_, owners, keyOffsets, valOffsets, err := decodeHeader(header)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return iRange{}, iRange{}, false, err
 	}
-	r.keyRanges = make(map[common.Hash]iRange, len(owners))
-	r.valRanges = make(map[common.Hash]iRange, len(owners))
+	pos := sort.Search(len(owners), func(i int) bool {
+		return owner.Cmp(owners[i]) <= 0
+	})
+	if pos == len(owners) || owners[pos] != owner {
+		return iRange{}, iRange{}, false, nil
+	}
+	var keyRange iRange
+	if pos != 0 {
+		keyRange.start = keyOffsets[pos-1]
+	}
+	keyRange.limit = keyOffsets[pos]
 
-	for i, owner := range owners {
-		// Decode the key range for this trie chunk
-		var keyStart uint32
-		if i != 0 {
-			keyStart = keyOffsets[i-1]
-		}
-		r.keyRanges[owner] = iRange{
-			start: keyStart,
-			limit: keyOffsets[i],
-		}
-		// Decode the value range for this trie chunk
-		var valStart uint32
-		if i != 0 {
-			valStart = valOffsets[i-1]
-		}
-		r.valRanges[owner] = iRange{
-			start: valStart,
-			limit: valOffsets[i],
-		}
+	var valRange iRange
+	if pos != 0 {
+		valRange.start = valOffsets[pos-1]
 	}
-	return nil
+	valRange.limit = valOffsets[pos]
+	return keyRange, valRange, true, nil
 }
 
 // read retrieves the trie node data with the provided TrieID and node path.
 func (r *trienodeHistoryReader) read(owner common.Hash, path string) ([]byte, bool, error) {
-	ir, ok := r.iReaders[owner]
-	if !ok {
-		keyRange, exists := r.keyRanges[owner]
-		if !exists {
-			return nil, false, nil // not found
-		}
-		valRange, exists := r.valRanges[owner]
-		if !exists {
-			return nil, false, nil // not found
-		}
-		var err error
-		ir, err = newSingleTrienodeHistoryReader(r.id, r.reader, keyRange, valRange)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, false, err
-		}
-		r.iReaders[owner] = ir
+	keyRange, valRange, found, err := r.decodeHeader(owner)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, false, err
+	}
+	if !found {
+		return nil, false, nil
+	}
+	ir, err := newSingleTrienodeHistoryReader(r.id, r.reader, keyRange, valRange)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, false, err
 	}
 	return ir.read([]byte(path))
 }
diff --git a/triedb/pathdb/history_trienode_test.go b/triedb/pathdb/history_trienode_test.go
index 531b749c31..05278c30b1 100644
--- a/triedb/pathdb/history_trienode_test.go
+++ b/triedb/pathdb/history_trienode_test.go
@@ -138,10 +138,7 @@ func TestTrienodeHistoryReader(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 	for i, h := range hs {
-		tr, err := newTrienodeHistoryReader(uint64(i+1), freezer)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Failed to construct the history reader: %v", err)
-		}
+		tr := newTrienodeHistoryReader(uint64(i+1), freezer)
 		for _, owner := range h.owners {
 			nodes := h.nodes[owner]
 			for key, value := range nodes {
@@ -418,14 +415,13 @@ func TestTrienodeHistoryReaderNonExistentPath(t *testing.T) {
 	if err := rawdb.WriteTrienodeHistory(freezer, 1, header, keySection, valueSection); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to write trienode history: %v", err)
 	}
-
-	tr, err := newTrienodeHistoryReader(1, freezer)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Failed to construct history reader: %v", err)
-	}
+	tr := newTrienodeHistoryReader(1, freezer)
 
 	// Try to read a non-existent path
-	var found bool
+	var (
+		err   error
+		found bool
+	)
 	_, found, err = tr.read(testrand.Hash(), "nonexistent")
 	if found || err != nil {
 		t.Fatal("Expected not found for non-existent trie owner")
@@ -459,11 +455,7 @@ func TestTrienodeHistoryReaderNilValues(t *testing.T) {
 	if err := rawdb.WriteTrienodeHistory(freezer, 1, header, keySection, valueSection); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to write trienode history: %v", err)
 	}
-
-	tr, err := newTrienodeHistoryReader(1, freezer)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Failed to construct history reader: %v", err)
-	}
+	tr := newTrienodeHistoryReader(1, freezer)
 
 	// Test reading nil values
 	data1, found, err := tr.read(owner, "nil1")
@@ -511,11 +503,7 @@ func TestTrienodeHistoryReaderNilKey(t *testing.T) {
 	if err := rawdb.WriteTrienodeHistory(freezer, 1, header, keySection, valueSection); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to write trienode history: %v", err)
 	}
-
-	tr, err := newTrienodeHistoryReader(1, freezer)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Failed to construct history reader: %v", err)
-	}
+	tr := newTrienodeHistoryReader(1, freezer)
 
 	// Test reading nil values
 	data1, _, err := tr.read(owner, "")
@@ -713,11 +701,7 @@ func TestSearchSingle(t *testing.T) {
 	if err := rawdb.WriteTrienodeHistory(freezer, 1, header, keySection, valueSection); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to write trienode history: %v", err)
 	}
-
-	tr, err := newTrienodeHistoryReader(1, freezer)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Failed to construct history reader: %v", err)
-	}
+	tr := newTrienodeHistoryReader(1, freezer)
 
 	// Test reading non-existent entry
 	keys := []string{