built cmd

cmd/geth/chaincmd.go

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/debug"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/era"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/era/eradl"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/era2"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/flags"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/node"
@@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ be gzipped.`,
 		Name:      "import-history",
 		Usage:     "Import an Era archive",
 		ArgsUsage: "<dir>",
-		Flags:     slices.Concat([]cli.Flag{utils.TxLookupLimitFlag, utils.TransactionHistoryFlag}, utils.DatabaseFlags, utils.NetworkFlags),
+		Flags:     slices.Concat([]cli.Flag{utils.TxLookupLimitFlag, utils.TransactionHistoryFlag, utils.EraFormatFlag}, utils.DatabaseFlags, utils.NetworkFlags),
 		Description: `
 The import-history command will import blocks and their corresponding receipts
 from Era archives.
@@ -163,7 +164,7 @@ from Era archives.
 		Name:      "export-history",
 		Usage:     "Export blockchain history to Era archives",
 		ArgsUsage: "<dir> <first> <last>",
-		Flags:     utils.DatabaseFlags,
+		Flags:     slices.Concat([]cli.Flag{utils.EraFormatFlag}, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Description: `
 The export-history command will export blocks and their corresponding receipts
 into Era archives. Eras are typically packaged in steps of 8192 blocks.
@@ -515,15 +516,25 @@ func importHistory(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		network = networks[0]
 	}
 
-	if err := utils.ImportHistory(chain, dir, network); err != nil {
+	format := ctx.String(utils.EraFormatFlag.Name)
-		return err
+	switch format {
+	case "era1", "era":
+		if err := utils.ImportHistory(chain, dir, network); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	case "erae":
+		if err := utils.ImportHistoryEraE(chain, dir, network); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("unknown --era.format %q (expected 'era1' or 'erae')", format)
 	}
+
 	fmt.Printf("Import done in %v\n", time.Since(start))
 	return nil
 }
 
-// exportHistory exports chain history in Era archives at a specified
+// exportHistory exports chain history in Era archives at a specified directory.
-// directory.
 func exportHistory(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	if ctx.Args().Len() != 3 {
 		utils.Fatalf("usage: %s", ctx.Command.ArgsUsage)
@@ -549,10 +560,21 @@ func exportHistory(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	if head := chain.CurrentSnapBlock(); uint64(last) > head.Number.Uint64() {
 		utils.Fatalf("Export error: block number %d larger than head block %d\n", uint64(last), head.Number.Uint64())
 	}
-	err := utils.ExportHistory(chain, dir, uint64(first), uint64(last), uint64(era.MaxEra1Size), utils.EraE)
+
-	if err != nil {
+	format := ctx.String(utils.EraFormatFlag.Name)
-		utils.Fatalf("Export error: %v\n", err)
+	switch format {
+	case "era1", "era":
+		if err := utils.ExportHistory(chain, dir, uint64(first), uint64(last), uint64(era.MaxEra1Size), utils.Era1); err != nil {
+			utils.Fatalf("Export error: %v\n", err)
+		}
+	case "erae":
+		if err := utils.ExportHistory(chain, dir, uint64(first), uint64(last), uint64(era2.MaxEraESize), utils.EraE); err != nil {
+			utils.Fatalf("Export error: %v\n", err)
+		}
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("unknown archive format %q (use 'era1' or 'erae')", format)
 	}
+
 	fmt.Printf("Export done in %v\n", time.Since(start))
 	return nil
 }

cmd/utils/cmd.go

@@ -342,6 +342,105 @@ func ImportHistory(chain *core.BlockChain, dir string, network string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// ImportHistoryEraE imports Era-E files containing historical block information,
+// starting from genesis. Currently this function follows the assumptions that the provided chain
+// segment in Era-E file should all be canonical and verified. In the future, this function will be
+// extended to support importing Era-E files with proof verification.
+func ImportHistoryEraE(chain *core.BlockChain, dir, network string) error {
+	if chain.CurrentSnapBlock().Number.Sign() != 0 {
+		return errors.New("history import only supported when starting from genesis")
+	}
+
+	entries, err := era2.ReadDir(dir, network)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("reading %q: %w", dir, err)
+	}
+	checksums, err := readList(filepath.Join(dir, "checksums.txt"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("reading checksums.txt: %w", err)
+	}
+	if len(entries) != len(checksums) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("mismatch: %d erae files, %d checksums", len(entries), len(checksums))
+	}
+
+	var (
+		start    = time.Now()
+		reported = time.Now()
+		imported int
+		h        = sha256.New()
+		scratch  bytes.Buffer
+	)
+
+	for i, file := range entries {
+		path := filepath.Join(dir, file)
+
+		// validate against checksum file in directory
+		f, err := os.Open(path)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("open %s: %w", path, err)
+		}
+		if _, err := io.Copy(h, f); err != nil {
+			f.Close()
+			return fmt.Errorf("checksum %s: %w", path, err)
+		}
+		got := common.BytesToHash(h.Sum(scratch.Bytes()[:])).Hex()
+		want := checksums[i]
+		h.Reset()
+		scratch.Reset()
+		if got != want {
+			f.Close()
+			return fmt.Errorf("%s checksum mismatch: have %s want %s", file, got, want)
+		}
+		// rewind for reading
+		if _, err := f.Seek(0, io.SeekStart); err != nil {
+			f.Close()
+			return fmt.Errorf("rewind %s: %w", file, err)
+		}
+		// import archive
+		e, err := era2.From(f)
+		if err != nil {
+			f.Close()
+			return fmt.Errorf("open erae %s: %w", file, err)
+		}
+		blockCount := e.Count()
+
+		for j := uint64(0); j < blockCount; j++ {
+			hdr, err := e.GetHeader(e.Start() + j)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("header #%d: %w", hdr.Number.Uint64(), err)
+			}
+			if hdr.Number.Sign() == 0 { // skip genesis
+				continue
+			}
+			body, err := e.GetBody(hdr.Number.Uint64())
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("body #%d: %w", hdr.Number.Uint64(), err)
+			}
+			rcpts, err := e.GetReceipts(hdr.Number.Uint64(), 1)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("receipts #%d: %w", hdr.Number.Uint64(), err)
+			}
+			blk := types.NewBlockWithHeader(hdr).WithBody(*body)
+
+			enc := types.EncodeBlockReceiptLists(rcpts)
+			if _, err := chain.InsertReceiptChain([]*types.Block{blk}, enc, ^uint64(0)); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("insert #%d: %w", hdr.Number.Uint64(), err)
+			}
+
+			imported++
+			if time.Since(reported) >= 8*time.Second {
+				log.Info("Importing Era‑E", "head", hdr.Number, "imported", imported, "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)))
+				reported = time.Now()
+				imported = 0
+			}
+		}
+		f.Close()
+	}
+
+	log.Info("Era‑E import complete", "duration", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)))
+	return nil
+}
+
 func missingBlocks(chain *core.BlockChain, blocks []*types.Block) []*types.Block {
 	head := chain.CurrentBlock()
 	for i, block := range blocks {

cmd/utils/flags.go

@@ -114,6 +114,12 @@ var (
 		Usage:    "Root directory for era1 history (default = inside ancient/chain)",
 		Category: flags.EthCategory,
 	}
+	EraFormatFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+		Name:     "era.format",
+		Usage:    "Archive format to import: 'era1' or 'erae'",
+		Value:    "era1",
+		Category: flags.EthCategory,
+	}
 	MinFreeDiskSpaceFlag = &cli.IntFlag{
 		Name:     "datadir.minfreedisk",
 		Usage:    "Minimum free disk space in MB, once reached triggers auto shut down (default = --cache.gc converted to MB, 0 = disabled)",

internal/era2/builder.go

@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ type offsets struct {
 // Builder is used to build an Era2 e2store file. It collects block entries and writes them to the underlying e2store.Writer.
 type Builder struct {
 	w   *e2store.Writer
-	buf *bytes.Buffer
+	tmp *bytes.Buffer
 
 	buff buffer
 	off  offsets
@@ -105,10 +105,10 @@ type Builder struct {
 
 // NewBuilder returns a new Builder instance.
 func NewBuilder(w io.Writer) *Builder {
-	buf := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
+	tmp := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
 	return &Builder{
 		w:   e2store.NewWriter(w),
-		buf: buf,
+		tmp: tmp,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -259,17 +259,17 @@ func uint256LE(v *big.Int) []byte {
 
 // SnappyWrite compresses the input data using snappy and writes it to the e2store file.
 func (b *Builder) snappyWrite(typ uint16, in []byte) error {
-	var buf = b.buf
+	var tmp = b.tmp
-	snappy := snappy.NewBufferedWriter(b.buf)
+	snappy := snappy.NewBufferedWriter(b.tmp)
-	buf.Reset()
+	tmp.Reset()
-	snappy.Reset(buf)
+	snappy.Reset(tmp)
 	if _, err := snappy.Write(in); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error snappy encoding: %w", err)
 	}
 	if err := snappy.Flush(); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error flushing snappy encoding: %w", err)
 	}
-	n, err := b.w.Write(typ, b.buf.Bytes())
+	n, err := b.w.Write(typ, b.tmp.Bytes())
 	b.written += uint64(n)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error writing e2store entry: %w", err)

internal/era2/era.go

@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"math/big"
 	"os"
+	"path"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
@@ -92,6 +95,47 @@ func (e *Era) Close() error {
 	return err
 }
 
+// From returns an Era backed by f.
+func From(f ReadAtSeekCloser) (*Era, error) {
+	e := &Era{f: f, s: e2store.NewReader(f)}
+	if err := e.loadIndex(); err != nil {
+		f.Close()
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return e, nil
+}
+
+// ReadDir reads all the era1 files in a directory for a given network.
+// Format: <network>-<epoch>-<hexroot>.erae
+func ReadDir(dir, network string) ([]string, error) {
+	entries, err := os.ReadDir(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error reading directory %s: %w", dir, err)
+	}
+	var (
+		next = uint64(0)
+		eras []string
+	)
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		if path.Ext(entry.Name()) != ".erae" {
+			continue
+		}
+		parts := strings.Split(entry.Name(), "-")
+		if len(parts) != 3 || parts[0] != network {
+			// Invalid era1 filename, skip.
+			continue
+		}
+		if epoch, err := strconv.ParseUint(parts[1], 10, 64); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("malformed era1 filename: %s", entry.Name())
+		} else if epoch != next {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("missing epoch %d", next)
+		}
+		next += 1
+		eras = append(eras, entry.Name())
+	}
+	return eras, nil
+}
+
 // Start retrieves the starting block number.
 func (e *Era) Start() uint64 {
 	return e.m.start