10x gas limit: snapshot code

This commit is contained in:
Po 2025-08-06 06:18:21 +02:00
parent af087d0581
commit a94d9ee531

562
core/blockchainN.go Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,562 @@
// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
//
// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
// Package core implements the Ethereum consensus protocol.
package core
import (
"errors"
"fmt"
"sync/atomic"
"time"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/mclock"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/stateless"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/tracing"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
)
func (bc *BlockChain) insertChainN(chain types.Blocks, setHead bool, makeWitness bool) (*stateless.Witness, int, error) {
// If the chain is terminating, don't even bother starting up.
if bc.insertStopped() {
return nil, 0, nil
}
if atomic.AddInt32(&bc.blockProcCounter, 1) == 1 {
bc.blockProcFeed.Send(true)
}
defer func() {
if atomic.AddInt32(&bc.blockProcCounter, -1) == 0 {
bc.blockProcFeed.Send(false)
}
}()
// Start a parallel signature recovery (signer will fluke on fork transition, minimal perf loss)
SenderCacher().RecoverFromBlocks(types.MakeSigner(bc.chainConfig, chain[0].Number(), chain[0].Time()), chain)
var (
stats = insertStats{startTime: mclock.Now()}
lastCanon *types.Block
)
// Fire a single chain head event if we've progressed the chain
defer func() {
if lastCanon != nil && bc.CurrentBlock().Hash() == lastCanon.Hash() {
bc.chainHeadFeed.Send(ChainHeadEvent{Header: lastCanon.Header()})
}
}()
// Start the parallel header verifier
headers := make([]*types.Header, len(chain))
for i, block := range chain {
headers[i] = block.Header()
}
abort, results := bc.engine.VerifyHeaders(bc, headers)
defer close(abort)
// Peek the error for the first block to decide the directing import logic
it := newInsertIterator(chain, results, bc.validator)
block, err := it.next()
// Left-trim all the known blocks that don't need to build snapshot
if bc.skipBlock(err, it) {
// First block (and state) is known
// 1. We did a roll-back, and should now do a re-import
// 2. The block is stored as a sidechain, and is lying about it's stateroot, and passes a stateroot
// from the canonical chain, which has not been verified.
// Skip all known blocks that are behind us.
current := bc.CurrentBlock()
for block != nil && bc.skipBlock(err, it) {
if block.NumberU64() > current.Number.Uint64() || bc.GetCanonicalHash(block.NumberU64()) != block.Hash() {
break
}
log.Debug("Ignoring already known block", "number", block.Number(), "hash", block.Hash())
stats.ignored++
block, err = it.next()
}
// The remaining blocks are still known blocks, the only scenario here is:
// During the snap sync, the pivot point is already submitted but rollback
// happens. Then node resets the head full block to a lower height via `rollback`
// and leaves a few known blocks in the database.
//
// When node runs a snap sync again, it can re-import a batch of known blocks via
// `insertChain` while a part of them have higher total difficulty than current
// head full block(new pivot point).
for block != nil && bc.skipBlock(err, it) {
log.Debug("Writing previously known block", "number", block.Number(), "hash", block.Hash())
if err := bc.writeKnownBlock(block); err != nil {
return nil, it.index, err
}
lastCanon = block
block, err = it.next()
}
// Falls through to the block import
}
switch {
// First block is pruned
case errors.Is(err, consensus.ErrPrunedAncestor):
if setHead {
// First block is pruned, insert as sidechain and reorg only if TD grows enough
log.Debug("Pruned ancestor, inserting as sidechain", "number", block.Number(), "hash", block.Hash())
return bc.insertSideChain(block, it, makeWitness)
} else {
// We're post-merge and the parent is pruned, try to recover the parent state
log.Debug("Pruned ancestor", "number", block.Number(), "hash", block.Hash())
_, err := bc.recoverAncestors(block, makeWitness)
return nil, it.index, err
}
// Some other error(except ErrKnownBlock) occurred, abort.
// ErrKnownBlock is allowed here since some known blocks
// still need re-execution to generate snapshots that are missing
case err != nil && !errors.Is(err, ErrKnownBlock):
stats.ignored += len(it.chain)
bc.reportBlock(block, nil, err)
return nil, it.index, err
}
// Track the singleton witness from this chain insertion (if any)
var witness *stateless.Witness
for ; block != nil && err == nil || errors.Is(err, ErrKnownBlock); block, err = it.next() {
// If the chain is terminating, stop processing blocks
if bc.insertStopped() {
log.Debug("Abort during block processing")
break
}
// If the block is known (in the middle of the chain), it's a special case for
// Clique blocks where they can share state among each other, so importing an
// older block might complete the state of the subsequent one. In this case,
// just skip the block (we already validated it once fully (and crashed), since
// its header and body was already in the database). But if the corresponding
// snapshot layer is missing, forcibly rerun the execution to build it.
if bc.skipBlock(err, it) {
logger := log.Debug
if bc.chainConfig.Clique == nil {
logger = log.Warn
}
logger("Inserted known block", "number", block.Number(), "hash", block.Hash(),
"uncles", len(block.Uncles()), "txs", len(block.Transactions()), "gas", block.GasUsed(),
"root", block.Root())
// Special case. Commit the empty receipt slice if we meet the known
// block in the middle. It can only happen in the clique chain. Whenever
// we insert blocks via `insertSideChain`, we only commit `td`, `header`
// and `body` if it's non-existent. Since we don't have receipts without
// reexecution, so nothing to commit. But if the sidechain will be adopted
// as the canonical chain eventually, it needs to be reexecuted for missing
// state, but if it's this special case here(skip reexecution) we will lose
// the empty receipt entry.
if len(block.Transactions()) == 0 {
rawdb.WriteReceipts(bc.db, block.Hash(), block.NumberU64(), nil)
} else {
log.Error("Please file an issue, skip known block execution without receipt",
"hash", block.Hash(), "number", block.NumberU64())
}
if err := bc.writeKnownBlock(block); err != nil {
return nil, it.index, err
}
stats.processed++
if bc.logger != nil && bc.logger.OnSkippedBlock != nil {
bc.logger.OnSkippedBlock(tracing.BlockEvent{
Block: block,
Finalized: bc.CurrentFinalBlock(),
Safe: bc.CurrentSafeBlock(),
})
}
// We can assume that logs are empty here, since the only way for consecutive
// Clique blocks to have the same state is if there are no transactions.
lastCanon = block
continue
}
// Retrieve the parent block and it's state to execute on top
parent := it.previous()
if parent == nil {
parent = bc.GetHeader(block.ParentHash(), block.NumberU64()-1)
}
// The traced section of block import.
start := time.Now()
res, err := bc.processBlock(parent.Root, block, setHead, makeWitness && len(chain) == 1)
if err != nil {
return nil, it.index, err
}
// Report the import stats before returning the various results
stats.processed++
stats.usedGas += res.usedGas
witness = res.witness
var snapDiffItems, snapBufItems common.StorageSize
if bc.snaps != nil {
snapDiffItems, snapBufItems = bc.snaps.Size()
}
trieDiffNodes, trieBufNodes, _ := bc.triedb.Size()
stats.report(chain, it.index, snapDiffItems, snapBufItems, trieDiffNodes, trieBufNodes, setHead)
// Print confirmation that a future fork is scheduled, but not yet active.
bc.logForkReadiness(block)
if !setHead {
// After merge we expect few side chains. Simply count
// all blocks the CL gives us for GC processing time
bc.gcproc += res.procTime
return witness, it.index, nil // Direct block insertion of a single block
}
switch res.status {
case CanonStatTy:
log.Debug("Inserted new block", "number", block.Number(), "hash", block.Hash(),
"uncles", len(block.Uncles()), "txs", len(block.Transactions()), "gas", block.GasUsed(),
"elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)),
"root", block.Root())
lastCanon = block
// Only count canonical blocks for GC processing time
bc.gcproc += res.procTime
case SideStatTy:
log.Debug("Inserted forked block", "number", block.Number(), "hash", block.Hash(),
"diff", block.Difficulty(), "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)),
"txs", len(block.Transactions()), "gas", block.GasUsed(), "uncles", len(block.Uncles()),
"root", block.Root())
default:
// This in theory is impossible, but lets be nice to our future selves and leave
// a log, instead of trying to track down blocks imports that don't emit logs.
log.Warn("Inserted block with unknown status", "number", block.Number(), "hash", block.Hash(),
"diff", block.Difficulty(), "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)),
"txs", len(block.Transactions()), "gas", block.GasUsed(), "uncles", len(block.Uncles()),
"root", block.Root())
}
}
stats.ignored += it.remaining()
return witness, it.index, err
}
func (bc *BlockChain) writeNBlocksWithState(block *types.Block, receipts []*types.Receipt, statedb *state.StateDB) error {
if !bc.HasHeader(block.ParentHash(), block.NumberU64()-1) {
return consensus.ErrUnknownAncestor
}
// Irrelevant of the canonical status, write the block itself to the database.
//
// Note all the components of block(hash->number map, header, body, receipts)
// should be written atomically. BlockBatch is used for containing all components.
blockBatch := bc.db.NewBatch()
rawdb.WriteBlock(blockBatch, block)
rawdb.WriteReceipts(blockBatch, block.Hash(), block.NumberU64(), receipts)
rawdb.WritePreimages(blockBatch, statedb.Preimages())
if err := blockBatch.Write(); err != nil {
log.Crit("Failed to write block into disk", "err", err)
}
// Commit all cached state changes into underlying memory database.
root, err := statedb.Commit(block.NumberU64(), bc.chainConfig.IsEIP158(block.Number()), bc.chainConfig.IsCancun(block.Number(), block.Time()))
if err != nil {
return err
}
// If node is running in path mode, skip explicit gc operation
// which is unnecessary in this mode.
if bc.triedb.Scheme() == rawdb.PathScheme {
return nil
}
// If we're running an archive node, always flush
if bc.cfg.ArchiveMode {
return bc.triedb.Commit(root, false)
}
// Full but not archive node, do proper garbage collection
bc.triedb.Reference(root, common.Hash{}) // metadata reference to keep trie alive
bc.triegc.Push(root, -int64(block.NumberU64()))
// Flush limits are not considered for the first TriesInMemory blocks.
current := block.NumberU64()
if current <= state.TriesInMemory {
return nil
}
// If we exceeded our memory allowance, flush matured singleton nodes to disk
var (
_, nodes, imgs = bc.triedb.Size() // all memory is contained within the nodes return for hashdb
limit = common.StorageSize(bc.cfg.TrieDirtyLimit) * 1024 * 1024
)
if nodes > limit || imgs > 4*1024*1024 {
bc.triedb.Cap(limit - ethdb.IdealBatchSize)
}
// Find the next state trie we need to commit
chosen := current - state.TriesInMemory
flushInterval := time.Duration(bc.flushInterval.Load())
// If we exceeded time allowance, flush an entire trie to disk
if bc.gcproc > flushInterval {
// If the header is missing (canonical chain behind), we're reorging a low
// diff sidechain. Suspend committing until this operation is completed.
header := bc.GetHeaderByNumber(chosen)
if header == nil {
log.Warn("Reorg in progress, trie commit postponed", "number", chosen)
} else {
// If we're exceeding limits but haven't reached a large enough memory gap,
// warn the user that the system is becoming unstable.
if chosen < bc.lastWrite+state.TriesInMemory && bc.gcproc >= 2*flushInterval {
log.Info("State in memory for too long, committing", "time", bc.gcproc, "allowance", flushInterval, "optimum", float64(chosen-bc.lastWrite)/state.TriesInMemory)
}
// Flush an entire trie and restart the counters
bc.triedb.Commit(header.Root, true)
bc.lastWrite = chosen
bc.gcproc = 0
}
}
// Garbage collect anything below our required write retention
for !bc.triegc.Empty() {
root, number := bc.triegc.Pop()
if uint64(-number) > chosen {
bc.triegc.Push(root, number)
break
}
bc.triedb.Dereference(root)
}
return nil
}
func (bc *BlockChain) writeNBlocksAndSetHead(block *types.Block, receipts []*types.Receipt, logs []*types.Log, state *state.StateDB, emitHeadEvent bool) (status WriteStatus, err error) {
if err := bc.writeBlockWithState(block, receipts, state); err != nil {
return NonStatTy, err
}
currentBlock := bc.CurrentBlock()
// Reorganise the chain if the parent is not the head block
if block.ParentHash() != currentBlock.Hash() {
if err := bc.reorg(currentBlock, block.Header()); err != nil {
return NonStatTy, err
}
}
// Set new head.
bc.writeHeadBlock(block)
bc.chainFeed.Send(ChainEvent{Header: block.Header()})
if len(logs) > 0 {
bc.logsFeed.Send(logs)
}
// In theory, we should fire a ChainHeadEvent when we inject
// a canonical block, but sometimes we can insert a batch of
// canonical blocks. Avoid firing too many ChainHeadEvents,
// we will fire an accumulated ChainHeadEvent and disable fire
// event here.
if emitHeadEvent {
bc.chainHeadFeed.Send(ChainHeadEvent{Header: block.Header()})
}
return CanonStatTy, nil
}
func (bc *BlockChain) processBlockWithState(parentRoot common.Hash, block *types.Block, setHead bool, makeWitness bool) (_ *blockProcessingResult, blockEndErr error) {
var (
err error
startTime = time.Now()
statedb *state.StateDB
interrupt atomic.Bool
)
defer interrupt.Store(true) // terminate the prefetch at the end
if bc.cfg.NoPrefetch {
statedb, err = state.New(parentRoot, bc.statedb)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// reader, err := bc.statedb.ReaderWithCache(parentRoot)
// if err != nil {
// return nil, err
// }
// statedb, err = state.NewWithReader(parentRoot, bc.statedb, reader)
// if err != nil {
// return nil, err
// }
} else {
fmt.Println("prefetch enabled===========================")
// If prefetching is enabled, run that against the current state to pre-cache
// transactions and probabilistically some of the account/storage trie nodes.
//
// Note: the main processor and prefetcher share the same reader with a local
// cache for mitigating the overhead of state access.
prefetch, process, err := bc.statedb.ReadersWithCacheStats(parentRoot)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
throwaway, err := state.NewWithReader(parentRoot, bc.statedb, prefetch)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
statedb, err = state.NewWithReader(parentRoot, bc.statedb, process)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// Upload the statistics of reader at the end
defer func() {
stats := prefetch.GetStats()
accountCacheHitPrefetchMeter.Mark(stats.AccountHit)
accountCacheMissPrefetchMeter.Mark(stats.AccountMiss)
storageCacheHitPrefetchMeter.Mark(stats.StorageHit)
storageCacheMissPrefetchMeter.Mark(stats.StorageMiss)
stats = process.GetStats()
accountCacheHitMeter.Mark(stats.AccountHit)
accountCacheMissMeter.Mark(stats.AccountMiss)
storageCacheHitMeter.Mark(stats.StorageHit)
storageCacheMissMeter.Mark(stats.StorageMiss)
}()
go func(start time.Time, throwaway *state.StateDB, block *types.Block) {
// Disable tracing for prefetcher executions.
vmCfg := bc.cfg.VmConfig
vmCfg.Tracer = nil
bc.prefetcher.Prefetch(block, throwaway, vmCfg, &interrupt)
blockPrefetchExecuteTimer.Update(time.Since(start))
if interrupt.Load() {
blockPrefetchInterruptMeter.Mark(1)
}
}(time.Now(), throwaway, block)
}
// If we are past Byzantium, enable prefetching to pull in trie node paths
// while processing transactions. Before Byzantium the prefetcher is mostly
// useless due to the intermediate root hashing after each transaction.
var witness *stateless.Witness
if bc.chainConfig.IsByzantium(block.Number()) {
// Generate witnesses either if we're self-testing, or if it's the
// only block being inserted. A bit crude, but witnesses are huge,
// so we refuse to make an entire chain of them.
if bc.cfg.VmConfig.StatelessSelfValidation || makeWitness {
witness, err = stateless.NewWitness(block.Header(), bc)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
}
statedb.StartPrefetcher("chain", witness)
defer statedb.StopPrefetcher()
}
if bc.logger != nil && bc.logger.OnBlockStart != nil {
bc.logger.OnBlockStart(tracing.BlockEvent{
Block: block,
Finalized: bc.CurrentFinalBlock(),
Safe: bc.CurrentSafeBlock(),
})
}
if bc.logger != nil && bc.logger.OnBlockEnd != nil {
defer func() {
bc.logger.OnBlockEnd(blockEndErr)
}()
}
// Process block using the parent state as reference point
pstart := time.Now()
res, err := bc.processor.Process(block, statedb, bc.cfg.VmConfig)
if err != nil {
bc.reportBlock(block, res, err)
return nil, err
}
ptime := time.Since(pstart)
vstart := time.Now()
if err := bc.validator.ValidateState(block, statedb, res, false); err != nil {
bc.reportBlock(block, res, err)
return nil, err
}
vtime := time.Since(vstart)
// If witnesses was generated and stateless self-validation requested, do
// that now. Self validation should *never* run in production, it's more of
// a tight integration to enable running *all* consensus tests through the
// witness builder/runner, which would otherwise be impossible due to the
// various invalid chain states/behaviors being contained in those tests.
xvstart := time.Now()
if witness := statedb.Witness(); witness != nil && bc.cfg.VmConfig.StatelessSelfValidation {
log.Warn("Running stateless self-validation", "block", block.Number(), "hash", block.Hash())
// Remove critical computed fields from the block to force true recalculation
context := block.Header()
context.Root = common.Hash{}
context.ReceiptHash = common.Hash{}
task := types.NewBlockWithHeader(context).WithBody(*block.Body())
// Run the stateless self-cross-validation
crossStateRoot, crossReceiptRoot, err := ExecuteStateless(bc.chainConfig, bc.cfg.VmConfig, task, witness)
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("stateless self-validation failed: %v", err)
}
if crossStateRoot != block.Root() {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("stateless self-validation root mismatch (cross: %x local: %x)", crossStateRoot, block.Root())
}
if crossReceiptRoot != block.ReceiptHash() {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("stateless self-validation receipt root mismatch (cross: %x local: %x)", crossReceiptRoot, block.ReceiptHash())
}
}
xvtime := time.Since(xvstart)
proctime := time.Since(startTime) // processing + validation + cross validation
// Update the metrics touched during block processing and validation
accountReadTimer.Update(statedb.AccountReads) // Account reads are complete(in processing)
storageReadTimer.Update(statedb.StorageReads) // Storage reads are complete(in processing)
if statedb.AccountLoaded != 0 {
accountReadSingleTimer.Update(statedb.AccountReads / time.Duration(statedb.AccountLoaded))
}
if statedb.StorageLoaded != 0 {
storageReadSingleTimer.Update(statedb.StorageReads / time.Duration(statedb.StorageLoaded))
}
accountUpdateTimer.Update(statedb.AccountUpdates) // Account updates are complete(in validation)
storageUpdateTimer.Update(statedb.StorageUpdates) // Storage updates are complete(in validation)
accountHashTimer.Update(statedb.AccountHashes) // Account hashes are complete(in validation)
triehash := statedb.AccountHashes // The time spent on tries hashing
trieUpdate := statedb.AccountUpdates + statedb.StorageUpdates // The time spent on tries update
blockExecutionTimer.Update(ptime - (statedb.AccountReads + statedb.StorageReads)) // The time spent on EVM processing
blockValidationTimer.Update(vtime - (triehash + trieUpdate)) // The time spent on block validation
blockCrossValidationTimer.Update(xvtime) // The time spent on stateless cross validation
// Write the block to the chain and get the status.
var (
wstart = time.Now()
status WriteStatus
)
if !setHead {
// Don't set the head, only insert the block
err = bc.writeBlockWithState(block, res.Receipts, statedb)
} else {
status, err = bc.writeBlockAndSetHead(block, res.Receipts, res.Logs, statedb, false)
}
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// Update the metrics touched during block commit
accountCommitTimer.Update(statedb.AccountCommits) // Account commits are complete, we can mark them
storageCommitTimer.Update(statedb.StorageCommits) // Storage commits are complete, we can mark them
snapshotCommitTimer.Update(statedb.SnapshotCommits) // Snapshot commits are complete, we can mark them
triedbCommitTimer.Update(statedb.TrieDBCommits) // Trie database commits are complete, we can mark them
blockWriteTimer.Update(time.Since(wstart) - max(statedb.AccountCommits, statedb.StorageCommits) /* concurrent */ - statedb.SnapshotCommits - statedb.TrieDBCommits)
elapsed := time.Since(startTime) + 1 // prevent zero division
blockInsertTimer.Update(elapsed)
// TODO(rjl493456442) generalize the ResettingTimer
mgasps := float64(res.GasUsed) * 1000 / float64(elapsed)
chainMgaspsMeter.Update(time.Duration(mgasps))
return &blockProcessingResult{
usedGas: res.GasUsed,
procTime: proctime,
status: status,
witness: witness,
}, nil
}