diff --git a/cmd/utils/flags.go b/cmd/utils/flags.go
index b360536909..9505160f72 100644
--- a/cmd/utils/flags.go
+++ b/cmd/utils/flags.go
@@ -1589,9 +1589,6 @@ func SetEthConfig(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node, cfg *ethconfig.Config) {
 		log.Info("Using developer account", "address", developer.Address)
 
 		cfg.Genesis = core.DeveloperGenesisBlock(uint64(ctx.Int(DeveloperPeriodFlag.Name)), developer.Address)
-		if !ctx.IsSet(MinerGasPriceFlag.Name) {
-			cfg.GasPrice = big.NewInt(1)
-		}
 	}
 
 	// VM tracing config.
diff --git a/core/txpool/txpool.go b/core/txpool/txpool.go
index f04c2ed1d4..b893006924 100644
--- a/core/txpool/txpool.go
+++ b/core/txpool/txpool.go
@@ -93,10 +93,6 @@ var (
 	// transaction. Future transactions should only be able to replace other future transactions.
 	ErrFutureReplacePending = errors.New("future transaction tries to replace pending")
 
-	// ErrOverdraft is returned if a transaction would cause the sender's balance to go negative
-	// thus invalidating a potential large number of transactions.
-	ErrOverdraft = errors.New("transaction would cause overdraft")
-
 	ErrZeroGasPrice = errors.New("zero gas price")
 
 	ErrUnderMinGasPrice = errors.New("under min gas price")
@@ -198,8 +194,7 @@ type Config struct {
 	Lifetime time.Duration // Maximum amount of time non-executable transaction are queued
 }
 
-// DefaultConfig contains the default configurations for the transaction
-// pool.
+// DefaultConfig contains the default configurations for the transaction pool.
 var DefaultConfig = Config{
 	Journal:   "transactions.rlp",
 	Rejournal: time.Hour,
@@ -215,7 +210,7 @@ var DefaultConfig = Config{
 	Lifetime: 3 * time.Hour,
 }
 
-var defaultMaxPrice = big.NewInt(1000 * params.GWei)
+var defaultMaxTip = big.NewInt(1000 * params.GWei)
 
 // sanitize checks the provided user configurations and changes anything that's
 // unreasonable or unworkable.
@@ -263,18 +258,15 @@ type TxPool struct {
 	config      Config
 	chainconfig *params.ChainConfig
 	chain       blockChain
-	gasPrice    *big.Int
+	gasTip      atomic.Pointer[big.Int]
 	txFeed      event.Feed
 	scope       event.SubscriptionScope
 	signer      types.Signer
 	mu          sync.RWMutex
 
-	eip2718 atomic.Bool // Fork indicator whether we are using EIP-2718 type transactions.
-	eip1559 atomic.Bool // Fork indicator whether we are using EIP-1559 type transactions.
-
-	currentState  *state.StateDB // Current state in the blockchain head
-	pendingNonces *noncer        // Pending state tracking virtual nonces
-	currentMaxGas atomic.Uint64  // Current gas limit for transaction caps
+	currentHead   atomic.Pointer[types.Header] // Current head of the blockchain
+	currentState  *state.StateDB               // Current state in the blockchain head
+	pendingNonces *noncer                      // Pending state tracking virtual nonces
 
 	locals  *accountSet // Set of local transaction to exempt from eviction rules
 	journal *journal    // Journal of local transaction to back up to disk
@@ -305,9 +297,9 @@ type txpoolResetRequest struct {
 	oldHead, newHead *types.Header
 }
 
-// NewTxPool creates a new transaction pool to gather, sort and filter inbound
+// New creates a new transaction pool to gather, sort and filter inbound
 // transactions from the network.
-func NewTxPool(config Config, chainconfig *params.ChainConfig, chain blockChain) *TxPool {
+func New(config Config, chainconfig *params.ChainConfig, chain blockChain) *TxPool {
 	// Sanitize the input to ensure no vulnerable gas prices are set
 	config = (&config).sanitize()
 
@@ -328,9 +320,9 @@ func NewTxPool(config Config, chainconfig *params.ChainConfig, chain blockChain)
 		reorgDoneCh:      make(chan chan struct{}),
 		reorgShutdownCh:  make(chan struct{}),
 		initDoneCh:       make(chan struct{}),
-		gasPrice:         new(big.Int).SetUint64(config.PriceLimit),
 		trc21FeeCapacity: map[common.Address]*big.Int{},
 	}
+	pool.gasTip.Store(new(big.Int).SetUint64(config.PriceLimit))
 	pool.locals = newAccountSet(pool.signer)
 	for _, addr := range config.Locals {
 		log.Info("Setting new local account", "address", addr)
@@ -459,48 +451,40 @@ func (pool *TxPool) SubscribeNewTxsEvent(ch chan<- core.NewTxsEvent) event.Subsc
 	return pool.scope.Track(pool.txFeed.Subscribe(ch))
 }
 
-// GasPrice returns the current gas price enforced by the transaction pool.
-func (pool *TxPool) GasPrice() *big.Int {
-	pool.mu.RLock()
-	defer pool.mu.RUnlock()
-
-	return new(big.Int).Set(pool.gasPrice)
-}
-
-// SetGasPrice updates the minimum price required by the transaction pool for a
+// SetGasTip updates the minimum gas tip required by the transaction pool for a
 // new transaction, and drops all transactions below this threshold. Negative
 // gas prices and prices exceeding 1000 GWei are considered invalid and will be
 // rejected without updating the threshold.
-func (pool *TxPool) SetGasPrice(price *big.Int) error {
+func (pool *TxPool) SetGasTip(tip *big.Int) error {
 	pool.mu.Lock()
 	defer pool.mu.Unlock()
 
-	if price == nil {
-		log.Warn("Reject nil gas price")
-		return errors.New("reject nil gas price")
+	if tip == nil {
+		log.Warn("Reject nil gas tip")
+		return errors.New("reject nil gas tip")
 	}
-	if price.Sign() < 0 {
-		log.Warn("Reject invalid gas price", "price", price)
-		return fmt.Errorf("reject negative gas price: %v", price)
+	if tip.Sign() < 0 {
+		log.Warn("Reject invalid gas tip", "tip", tip)
+		return fmt.Errorf("reject negative gas tip: %v", tip)
 	}
-	if price.Cmp(defaultMaxPrice) > 0 {
-		log.Warn("Reject invalid gas price", "price", price, "max", defaultMaxPrice)
-		return fmt.Errorf("reject too high gas price: %v, maximum: %v", price, defaultMaxPrice)
+	if tip.Cmp(defaultMaxTip) > 0 {
+		log.Warn("Reject invalid gas tip", "tip", tip, "max", defaultMaxTip)
+		return fmt.Errorf("reject too high gas tip: %v, maximum: %v", tip, defaultMaxTip)
 	}
 
-	old := pool.gasPrice
-	pool.gasPrice = price
-	// if the min miner fee increased, remove transactions below the new threshold
-	if price.Cmp(old) > 0 {
+	old := pool.gasTip.Load()
+	pool.gasTip.Store(new(big.Int).Set(tip))
+
+	// If the min miner fee increased, remove transactions below the new threshold
+	if tip.Cmp(old) > 0 {
 		// pool.priced is sorted by GasFeeCap, so we have to iterate through pool.all instead
-		drop := pool.all.RemotesBelowTip(price)
+		drop := pool.all.RemotesBelowTip(tip)
 		for _, tx := range drop {
 			pool.removeTx(tx.Hash(), false)
 		}
 		pool.priced.Removed(len(drop))
 	}
-
-	log.Info("Transaction pool price threshold updated", "price", price)
+	log.Info("Transaction pool tip threshold updated", "tip", tip)
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -588,7 +572,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) Pending(enforceTips bool) map[common.Address]types.Transacti
 		// If the miner requests tip enforcement, cap the lists now
 		if enforceTips && !pool.locals.contains(addr) {
 			for i, tx := range txs {
-				if !tx.IsSpecialTransaction() && tx.EffectiveGasTipIntCmp(pool.gasPrice, pool.priced.urgent.baseFee) < 0 {
+				if !tx.IsSpecialTransaction() && tx.EffectiveGasTipIntCmp(pool.gasTip.Load(), pool.priced.urgent.baseFee) < 0 {
 					txs = txs[:i]
 					break
 				}
@@ -630,155 +614,79 @@ func (pool *TxPool) local() map[common.Address]types.Transactions {
 // This check is meant as an early check which only needs to be performed once,
 // and does not require the pool mutex to be held.
 func (pool *TxPool) validateTxBasics(tx *types.Transaction, local bool) error {
-	// Accept only legacy transactions until EIP-2718/2930 activates.
-	if !pool.eip2718.Load() && tx.Type() != types.LegacyTxType {
-		return core.ErrTxTypeNotSupported
+	opts := &ValidationOptions{
+		Config: pool.chainconfig,
+		Accept: 0 |
+			1<<types.LegacyTxType |
+			1<<types.AccessListTxType |
+			1<<types.DynamicFeeTxType,
+		MaxSize: txMaxSize,
+		MinTip:  pool.gasTip.Load(),
+		NotSigner: func(from common.Address) bool {
+			return pool.IsSigner != nil && !pool.IsSigner(from)
+		},
 	}
-	// Reject dynamic fee transactions until EIP-1559 activates.
-	if !pool.eip1559.Load() && tx.Type() == types.DynamicFeeTxType {
-		return core.ErrTxTypeNotSupported
+	if local {
+		opts.MinTip = new(big.Int)
 	}
-	// Reject transactions over defined size to prevent DOS attacks
-	if tx.Size() > txMaxSize {
-		return ErrOversizedData
-	}
-	// Check whether the init code size has been exceeded.
-	if pool.eip1559.Load() && tx.To() == nil && len(tx.Data()) > params.MaxInitCodeSize {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: code size %v limit %v", core.ErrMaxInitCodeSizeExceeded, len(tx.Data()), params.MaxInitCodeSize)
-	}
-	// Transactions can't be negative. This may never happen using RLP decoded
-	// transactions but may occur if you create a transaction using the RPC.
-	if tx.Value().Sign() < 0 {
-		return ErrNegativeValue
-	}
-	// Ensure the transaction doesn't exceed the current block limit gas.
-	if pool.currentMaxGas.Load() < tx.Gas() {
-		return ErrGasLimit
-	}
-	// Sanity check for extremely large numbers
-	if tx.GasFeeCap().BitLen() > 256 {
-		return core.ErrFeeCapVeryHigh
-	}
-	if tx.GasTipCap().BitLen() > 256 {
-		return core.ErrTipVeryHigh
-	}
-	// Ensure gasFeeCap is greater than or equal to gasTipCap.
-	if tx.GasFeeCapIntCmp(tx.GasTipCap()) < 0 {
-		return core.ErrTipAboveFeeCap
-	}
-	// Make sure the transaction is signed properly.
-	from, err := types.Sender(pool.signer, tx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return ErrInvalidSender
-	}
-	// Limit nonce to 2^64-1 per EIP-2681
-	if tx.Nonce()+1 < tx.Nonce() {
-		return core.ErrNonceMax
-	}
-	// Drop non-local transactions under our own minimal accepted gas price or tip
-	if !local && tx.GasTipCapIntCmp(pool.gasPrice) < 0 {
-		if !tx.IsSpecialTransaction() || (pool.IsSigner != nil && !pool.IsSigner(from)) {
-			return ErrUnderpriced
-		}
-	}
-	// Stop checking for special transactions
-	if tx.IsSpecialTransaction() {
-		return nil
-	}
-	// Ensure the transaction has more gas than the basic tx fee.
-	intrGas, err := core.IntrinsicGas(tx.Data(), tx.AccessList(), tx.SetCodeAuthorizations(), tx.To() == nil, true, pool.eip1559.Load())
-	if err != nil {
+	if err := ValidateTransaction(tx, pool.currentHead.Load(), pool.signer, opts); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if tx.Gas() < intrGas {
-		return core.ErrIntrinsicGas
-	}
-	// Check zero gas price.
-	if tx.GasPrice().Sign() == 0 {
-		return ErrZeroGasPrice
-	}
 	return nil
 }
 
 // validateTx checks whether a transaction is valid according to the consensus
 // rules and adheres to some heuristic limits of the local node (price and size).
 func (pool *TxPool) validateTx(tx *types.Transaction, local bool) error {
-	// Signature has been checked already, this cannot error.
-	from, _ := types.Sender(pool.signer, tx)
-	// Ensure the transaction adheres to nonce ordering
-	if pool.currentState.GetNonce(from) > tx.Nonce() {
-		return core.ErrNonceTooLow
-	}
-	if pool.pendingNonces.get(from)+common.LimitThresholdNonceInQueue < tx.Nonce() {
-		return core.ErrNonceTooHigh
-	}
-	// Get current block number
-	var number *big.Int = nil
-	if pool.chain.CurrentHeader() != nil {
-		number = pool.chain.CurrentHeader().Number
-	}
-	if number == nil || number.Uint64() >= common.BlackListHFNumber {
-		// check if sender is in black list
-		if common.IsInBlacklist(tx.From()) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("reject transaction with sender in black-list: %v", tx.From().Hex())
-		}
-		// check if receiver is in black list
-		if common.IsInBlacklist(tx.To()) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("reject transaction with receiver in black-list: %v", tx.To().Hex())
-		}
-	}
-	// Transactor should have enough funds to cover the costs
-	// cost == V + GP * GL
-	balance := pool.currentState.GetBalance(from)
-	cost := tx.Cost()
-	feeCapacity := big.NewInt(0)
-	if tx.To() != nil {
-		if value, ok := pool.trc21FeeCapacity[*tx.To()]; ok {
-			feeCapacity = value
-			if !pool.currentState.ValidateTRC21Tx(from, *tx.To(), tx.Data()) {
-				return core.ErrInsufficientFunds
+	opts := &ValidationOptionsWithState{
+		State: pool.currentState,
+
+		FirstNonceGap: nil, // Pool allows arbitrary arrival order, don't invalidate nonce gaps
+		ExistingExpenditure: func(addr common.Address) *big.Int {
+			if list := pool.pending[addr]; list != nil {
+				return list.totalcost
 			}
-			cost = tx.TxCost(number)
-		}
+			return new(big.Int)
+		},
+		ExistingCost: func(addr common.Address, nonce uint64) *big.Int {
+			if list := pool.pending[addr]; list != nil {
+				if tx := list.txs.Get(nonce); tx != nil {
+					return tx.Cost()
+				}
+			}
+			return nil
+		},
+
+		Trc21FeeCapacity: pool.trc21FeeCapacity,
+
+		PendingNonce: func(addr common.Address) uint64 {
+			return pool.pendingNonces.get(addr)
+		},
+
+		CurrentNumber: func() *big.Int {
+			header := pool.currentHead.Load()
+			if header == nil {
+				return nil
+			}
+			return header.Number
+		},
 	}
-	newBalance := new(big.Int).Add(balance, feeCapacity)
-	if newBalance.Cmp(cost) < 0 {
-		return core.ErrInsufficientFunds
+	if err := ValidateTransactionWithState(tx, pool.signer, opts); err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
-	// Verify that replacing transactions will not result in overdraft
-	list := pool.pending[from]
-	if list != nil { // Sender already has pending txs
-		sum := new(big.Int).Add(cost, list.totalcost)
-		if repl := list.txs.Get(tx.Nonce()); repl != nil {
-			// Deduct the cost of a transaction replaced by this
-			sum.Sub(sum, repl.Cost())
-		}
-		if newBalance.Cmp(sum) < 0 {
-			log.Trace("Replacing transactions would overdraft", "sender", from, "balance", pool.currentState.GetBalance(from), "required", sum)
-			return ErrOverdraft
-		}
-	}
-
-	if !tx.IsSpecialTransaction() {
-		// under min gas price
-		minGasPrice := common.GetMinGasPrice(number)
-		if tx.GasPrice().Cmp(minGasPrice) < 0 {
-			return ErrUnderMinGasPrice
-		}
-	}
-
-	// validate minFee slot for XDCZ
+	// Validate minFee slot for XDCZ
 	if tx.IsXDCZApplyTransaction() {
-		copyState := pool.currentState.Copy()
+		copyState := opts.State.Copy()
 		return core.ValidateXDCZApplyTransaction(pool.chain, nil, copyState, common.BytesToAddress(tx.Data()[4:]))
 	}
 
-	// validate balance slot, token decimal for XDCX
+	// Validate balance slot, token decimal for XDCX
 	if tx.IsXDCXApplyTransaction() {
-		copyState := pool.currentState.Copy()
+		copyState := opts.State.Copy()
 		return core.ValidateXDCXApplyTransaction(pool.chain, nil, copyState, common.BytesToAddress(tx.Data()[4:]))
 	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -1129,7 +1037,6 @@ func (pool *TxPool) addTxs(txs []*types.Transaction, local, sync bool) []error {
 		// Exclude transactions with basic errors, e.g invalid signatures and
 		// insufficient intrinsic gas as soon as possible and cache senders
 		// in transactions before obtaining lock
-
 		if err := pool.validateTxBasics(tx, local); err != nil {
 			errs[i] = err
 			invalidTxMeter.Mark(1)
@@ -1517,20 +1424,15 @@ func (pool *TxPool) reset(oldHead, newHead *types.Header) {
 		log.Error("Failed to reset txpool state", "err", err)
 		return
 	}
+	pool.currentHead.Store(newHead)
 	pool.currentState = statedb
 	pool.trc21FeeCapacity = statedb.GetTRC21FeeCapacityFromStateWithCache(newHead.Root)
 	pool.pendingNonces = newNoncer(statedb)
-	pool.currentMaxGas.Store(newHead.GasLimit)
 
 	// Inject any transactions discarded due to reorgs
 	log.Debug("Reinjecting stale transactions", "count", len(reinject))
 	core.SenderCacher.Recover(pool.signer, reinject)
 	pool.addTxsLocked(reinject, false)
-
-	// Update all fork indicator by next pending block number.
-	next := new(big.Int).Add(newHead.Number, big.NewInt(1))
-	pool.eip2718.Store(pool.chainconfig.IsEIP1559(next))
-	pool.eip1559.Store(pool.chainconfig.IsEIP1559(next))
 }
 
 // promoteExecutables moves transactions that have become processable from the
@@ -1546,6 +1448,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) promoteExecutables(accounts []common.Address) []*types.Trans
 	var promoted []*types.Transaction
 
 	// Iterate over all accounts and promote any executable transactions
+	gasLimit := pool.currentHead.Load().GasLimit
 	for _, addr := range accounts {
 		list := pool.queue[addr]
 		if list == nil {
@@ -1563,7 +1466,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) promoteExecutables(accounts []common.Address) []*types.Trans
 		if pool.chain.CurrentHeader() != nil {
 			number = pool.chain.CurrentHeader().Number
 		}
-		drops, _ := list.Filter(pool.currentState.GetBalance(addr), pool.currentMaxGas.Load(), pool.trc21FeeCapacity, number)
+		drops, _ := list.Filter(pool.currentState.GetBalance(addr), gasLimit, pool.trc21FeeCapacity, number)
 		for _, tx := range drops {
 			hash := tx.Hash()
 			pool.all.Remove(hash)
@@ -1749,6 +1652,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) truncateQueue() {
 // to trigger a re-heap is this function
 func (pool *TxPool) demoteUnexecutables() {
 	// Iterate over all accounts and demote any non-executable transactions
+	gasLimit := pool.currentHead.Load().GasLimit
 	for addr, list := range pool.pending {
 		nonce := pool.currentState.GetNonce(addr)
 
@@ -1764,7 +1668,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) demoteUnexecutables() {
 		if pool.chain.CurrentHeader() != nil {
 			number = pool.chain.CurrentHeader().Number
 		}
-		drops, invalids := list.Filter(pool.currentState.GetBalance(addr), pool.currentMaxGas.Load(), pool.trc21FeeCapacity, number)
+		drops, invalids := list.Filter(pool.currentState.GetBalance(addr), gasLimit, pool.trc21FeeCapacity, number)
 		for _, tx := range drops {
 			hash := tx.Hash()
 			log.Trace("Removed unpayable pending transaction", "hash", hash)
diff --git a/core/txpool/txpool2_test.go b/core/txpool/txpool2_test.go
index cfd1482374..035bec9397 100644
--- a/core/txpool/txpool2_test.go
+++ b/core/txpool/txpool2_test.go
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ func TestTransactionFutureAttack(t *testing.T) {
 	config := testTxPoolConfig
 	config.GlobalQueue = 100
 	config.GlobalSlots = 100
-	pool := NewTxPool(config, eip1559Config, blockchain)
+	pool := New(config, eip1559Config, blockchain)
 	defer pool.Stop()
 	fillPool(t, pool)
 	pending, _ := pool.Stats()
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ func TestTransactionFuture1559(t *testing.T) {
 	// Create the pool to test the pricing enforcement with
 	statedb, _ := state.New(types.EmptyRootHash, state.NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()))
 	blockchain := newTestBlockChain(1000000, statedb, new(event.Feed))
-	pool := NewTxPool(testTxPoolConfig, eip1559Config, blockchain)
+	pool := New(testTxPoolConfig, eip1559Config, blockchain)
 	defer pool.Stop()
 
 	// Create a number of test accounts, fund them and make transactions
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ func TestTransactionZAttack(t *testing.T) {
 	// Create the pool to test the pricing enforcement with
 	statedb, _ := state.New(types.EmptyRootHash, state.NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()))
 	blockchain := newTestBlockChain(1000000, statedb, new(event.Feed))
-	pool := NewTxPool(testTxPoolConfig, eip1559Config, blockchain)
+	pool := New(testTxPoolConfig, eip1559Config, blockchain)
 	defer pool.Stop()
 	// Create a number of test accounts, fund them and make transactions
 	fillPool(t, pool)
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ func BenchmarkFutureAttack(b *testing.B) {
 	config := testTxPoolConfig
 	config.GlobalQueue = 100
 	config.GlobalSlots = 100
-	pool := NewTxPool(config, eip1559Config, blockchain)
+	pool := New(config, eip1559Config, blockchain)
 	defer pool.Stop()
 	fillPool(b, pool)
 
diff --git a/core/txpool/txpool_test.go b/core/txpool/txpool_test.go
index f9bea9345e..7be57393a1 100644
--- a/core/txpool/txpool_test.go
+++ b/core/txpool/txpool_test.go
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ func setupPoolWithConfig(config *params.ChainConfig) (*TxPool, *ecdsa.PrivateKey
 	blockchain := newTestBlockChain(10000000, statedb, new(event.Feed))
 
 	key, _ := crypto.GenerateKey()
-	pool := NewTxPool(testTxPoolConfig, config, blockchain)
+	pool := New(testTxPoolConfig, config, blockchain)
 
 	// wait for the pool to initialize
 	<-pool.initDoneCh
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ func TestStateChangeDuringReset(t *testing.T) {
 	tx0 := pricedTransaction(0, 100000, big.NewInt(250000000), key)
 	tx1 := pricedTransaction(1, 100000, big.NewInt(250000000), key)
 
-	pool := NewTxPool(testTxPoolConfig, params.TestChainConfig, blockchain)
+	pool := New(testTxPoolConfig, params.TestChainConfig, blockchain)
 	defer pool.Stop()
 
 	nonce := pool.Nonce(address)
@@ -335,11 +335,15 @@ func TestInvalidTransactions(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("want %v have %v", want, err)
 	}
 
+	// Test underpriced: set pool gasTip first, then create transaction with lower gas price
+	// MinGasPrice is 250000000 (0.25 Gwei), so use gas price 300000000 (0.3 Gwei)
+	// which is higher than MinGasPrice but lower than pool's gasTip (1 Gwei)
+	pool.gasTip.Store(big.NewInt(1000000000)) // Set pool gasTip to 1 Gwei (1000000000)
 	tx = pricedTransaction(1, 100000, big.NewInt(300000000), key)
-	pool.gasPrice = big.NewInt(1000000000)
 	if err, want := pool.AddRemote(tx), ErrUnderpriced; !errors.Is(err, want) {
 		t.Errorf("want %v have %v", want, err)
 	}
+	// Local transactions should be accepted even if underpriced
 	if err := pool.AddLocal(tx); err != nil {
 		t.Error("expected", nil, "got", err)
 	}
@@ -761,7 +765,7 @@ func TestPostponing(t *testing.T) {
 	statedb, _ := state.New(types.EmptyRootHash, state.NewDatabase(db))
 	blockchain := newTestBlockChain(1000000, statedb, new(event.Feed))
 
-	pool := NewTxPool(testTxPoolConfig, params.TestChainConfig, blockchain)
+	pool := New(testTxPoolConfig, params.TestChainConfig, blockchain)
 	defer pool.Stop()
 
 	// Create two test accounts to produce different gap profiles with
@@ -979,7 +983,7 @@ func testQueueGlobalLimiting(t *testing.T, nolocals bool) {
 	config.AccountQueue = 1
 	config.GlobalQueue = config.AccountQueue*3 - 1 // reduce the queue limits to shorten test time (-1 to make it non divisible)
 
-	pool := NewTxPool(config, params.TestChainConfig, blockchain)
+	pool := New(config, params.TestChainConfig, blockchain)
 	defer pool.Stop()
 
 	// Create a number of test accounts and fund them (last one will be the local)
@@ -1070,7 +1074,7 @@ func testQueueTimeLimiting(t *testing.T, nolocals bool) {
 	config.Lifetime = time.Second
 	config.NoLocals = nolocals
 
-	pool := NewTxPool(config, params.TestChainConfig, blockchain)
+	pool := New(config, params.TestChainConfig, blockchain)
 	defer pool.Stop()
 
 	// Create two test accounts to ensure remotes expire but locals do not
@@ -1256,7 +1260,7 @@ func TestPendingGlobalLimiting(t *testing.T) {
 	config := testTxPoolConfig
 	config.GlobalSlots = config.AccountSlots * 10
 
-	pool := NewTxPool(config, params.TestChainConfig, blockchain)
+	pool := New(config, params.TestChainConfig, blockchain)
 	defer pool.Stop()
 
 	// Create a number of test accounts and fund them
@@ -1308,7 +1312,7 @@ func TestAllowedTxSize(t *testing.T) {
 	//
 	// It is assumed the fields in the transaction (except of the data) are:
 	//   - nonce     <= 32 bytes
-	//   - gasPrice  <= 32 bytes
+	//   - gasTip  <= 32 bytes
 	//   - gasLimit  <= 32 bytes
 	//   - recipient == 20 bytes
 	//   - value     <= 32 bytes
@@ -1316,22 +1320,21 @@ func TestAllowedTxSize(t *testing.T) {
 	// All those fields are summed up to at most 213 bytes.
 	baseSize := uint64(213)
 	dataSize := txMaxSize - baseSize
-	maxGas := pool.currentMaxGas.Load()
 	// Try adding a transaction with maximal allowed size
-	tx := pricedDataTransaction(0, pool.currentMaxGas.Load(), big.NewInt(300000000), key, dataSize)
+	tx := pricedDataTransaction(0, pool.currentHead.Load().GasLimit, big.NewInt(300000000), key, dataSize)
 	if err := pool.addRemoteSync(tx); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to add transaction of size %d, close to maximal: %v", int(tx.Size()), err)
 	}
 	// Try adding a transaction with random allowed size
-	if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedDataTransaction(1, maxGas, big.NewInt(300000000), key, uint64(rand.Intn(int(dataSize))))); err != nil {
+	if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedDataTransaction(1, pool.currentHead.Load().GasLimit, big.NewInt(300000000), key, uint64(rand.Intn(int(dataSize))))); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to add transaction of random allowed size: %v", err)
 	}
 	// Try adding a transaction of minimal not allowed size
-	if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedDataTransaction(2, maxGas, big.NewInt(300000000), key, txMaxSize)); err == nil {
+	if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedDataTransaction(2, pool.currentHead.Load().GasLimit, big.NewInt(300000000), key, txMaxSize)); err == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("expected rejection on slightly oversize transaction")
 	}
 	// Try adding a transaction of random not allowed size
-	if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedDataTransaction(2, maxGas, big.NewInt(300000000), key, dataSize+1+uint64(rand.Intn(int(10*txMaxSize))))); err == nil {
+	if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedDataTransaction(2, pool.currentHead.Load().GasLimit, big.NewInt(300000000), key, dataSize+1+uint64(rand.Intn(int(10*txMaxSize))))); err == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("expected rejection on oversize transaction")
 	}
 	// Run some sanity checks on the pool internals
@@ -1361,7 +1364,7 @@ func TestCapClearsFromAll(t *testing.T) {
 	config.AccountQueue = 2
 	config.GlobalSlots = 8
 
-	pool := NewTxPool(config, params.TestChainConfig, blockchain)
+	pool := New(config, params.TestChainConfig, blockchain)
 	defer pool.Stop()
 
 	// Create a number of test accounts and fund them
@@ -1394,7 +1397,7 @@ func TestPendingMinimumAllowance(t *testing.T) {
 	config := testTxPoolConfig
 	config.AccountSlots = 5
 	config.GlobalSlots = 1
-	pool := NewTxPool(config, params.TestChainConfig, blockchain)
+	pool := New(config, params.TestChainConfig, blockchain)
 	defer pool.Stop()
 
 	// Create a number of test accounts and fund them
@@ -1440,7 +1443,7 @@ func TestRepricing(t *testing.T) {
 	statedb, _ := state.New(types.EmptyRootHash, state.NewDatabase(db))
 	blockchain := newTestBlockChain(1000000, statedb, new(event.Feed))
 
-	pool := NewTxPool(testTxPoolConfig, params.TestChainConfig, blockchain)
+	pool := New(testTxPoolConfig, params.TestChainConfig, blockchain)
 	defer pool.Stop()
 
 	// Keep track of transaction events to ensure all executables get announced
@@ -1489,7 +1492,7 @@ func TestRepricing(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("pool internal state corrupted: %v", err)
 	}
 	// Reprice the pool and check that underpriced transactions get dropped
-	pool.SetGasPrice(big.NewInt(500000000))
+	pool.SetGasTip(big.NewInt(500000000))
 
 	pending, queued = pool.Stats()
 	if pending != 2 {
@@ -1505,13 +1508,13 @@ func TestRepricing(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("pool internal state corrupted: %v", err)
 	}
 	// Check that we can't add the old transactions back
-	if err := pool.AddRemote(pricedTransaction(1, 100000, big.NewInt(250000000), keys[0])); err != ErrUnderpriced {
+	if err := pool.AddRemote(pricedTransaction(1, 100000, big.NewInt(250000000), keys[0])); !errors.Is(err, ErrUnderpriced) {
 		t.Fatalf("adding underpriced pending transaction error mismatch: have %v, want %v", err, ErrUnderpriced)
 	}
-	if err := pool.AddRemote(pricedTransaction(0, 100000, big.NewInt(250000000), keys[1])); err != ErrUnderpriced {
+	if err := pool.AddRemote(pricedTransaction(0, 100000, big.NewInt(250000000), keys[1])); !errors.Is(err, ErrUnderpriced) {
 		t.Fatalf("adding underpriced pending transaction error mismatch: have %v, want %v", err, ErrUnderpriced)
 	}
-	if err := pool.AddRemote(pricedTransaction(2, 100000, big.NewInt(250000000), keys[2])); err != ErrUnderpriced {
+	if err := pool.AddRemote(pricedTransaction(2, 100000, big.NewInt(250000000), keys[2])); !errors.Is(err, ErrUnderpriced) {
 		t.Fatalf("adding underpriced queued transaction error mismatch: have %v, want %v", err, ErrUnderpriced)
 	}
 	if err := validateEvents(events, 0); err != nil {
@@ -1610,7 +1613,7 @@ func TestRepricingDynamicFee(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("pool internal state corrupted: %v", err)
 	}
 	// Reprice the pool and check that underpriced transactions get dropped
-	pool.SetGasPrice(big.NewInt(350000000))
+	pool.SetGasTip(big.NewInt(350000000))
 
 	pending, queued = pool.Stats()
 	if pending != 2 {
@@ -1627,15 +1630,15 @@ func TestRepricingDynamicFee(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	// Check that we can't add the old transactions back
 	tx := pricedTransaction(1, 100000, big.NewInt(300000000), keys[0])
-	if err := pool.AddRemote(tx); err != ErrUnderpriced {
+	if err := pool.AddRemote(tx); !errors.Is(err, ErrUnderpriced) {
 		t.Fatalf("adding underpriced pending transaction error mismatch: have %v, want %v", err, ErrUnderpriced)
 	}
 	tx = dynamicFeeTx(0, 100000, big.NewInt(350000000), big.NewInt(300000000), keys[1])
-	if err := pool.AddRemote(tx); err != ErrUnderpriced {
+	if err := pool.AddRemote(tx); !errors.Is(err, ErrUnderpriced) {
 		t.Fatalf("adding underpriced pending transaction error mismatch: have %v, want %v", err, ErrUnderpriced)
 	}
 	tx = dynamicFeeTx(2, 100000, big.NewInt(300000000), big.NewInt(300000000), keys[2])
-	if err := pool.AddRemote(tx); err != ErrUnderpriced {
+	if err := pool.AddRemote(tx); !errors.Is(err, ErrUnderpriced) {
 		t.Fatalf("adding underpriced queued transaction error mismatch: have %v, want %v", err, ErrUnderpriced)
 	}
 	if err := validateEvents(events, 0); err != nil {
@@ -1689,7 +1692,7 @@ func TestRepricingKeepsLocals(t *testing.T) {
 	statedb, _ := state.New(types.EmptyRootHash, state.NewDatabase(db))
 	blockchain := newTestBlockChain(1000000, statedb, new(event.Feed))
 
-	pool := NewTxPool(testTxPoolConfig, eip1559Config, blockchain)
+	pool := New(testTxPoolConfig, eip1559Config, blockchain)
 	defer pool.Stop()
 
 	// Create a number of test accounts and fund them
@@ -1741,13 +1744,13 @@ func TestRepricingKeepsLocals(t *testing.T) {
 	validate()
 
 	// Reprice the pool and check that nothing is dropped
-	pool.SetGasPrice(big.NewInt(500000000))
+	pool.SetGasTip(big.NewInt(500000000))
 	validate()
 
-	pool.SetGasPrice(big.NewInt(500000000))
-	pool.SetGasPrice(big.NewInt(1000000000))
-	pool.SetGasPrice(big.NewInt(2000000000))
-	pool.SetGasPrice(big.NewInt(25000000000))
+	pool.SetGasTip(big.NewInt(500000000))
+	pool.SetGasTip(big.NewInt(1000000000))
+	pool.SetGasTip(big.NewInt(2000000000))
+	pool.SetGasTip(big.NewInt(25000000000))
 	validate()
 }
 
@@ -1768,7 +1771,7 @@ func TestPoolUnderpricing(t *testing.T) {
 	config.GlobalSlots = 2
 	config.GlobalQueue = 2
 
-	pool := NewTxPool(config, params.TestChainConfig, blockchain)
+	pool := New(config, params.TestChainConfig, blockchain)
 	defer pool.Stop()
 
 	// Keep track of transaction events to ensure all executables get announced
@@ -1813,7 +1816,7 @@ func TestPoolUnderpricing(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("pool internal state corrupted: %v", err)
 	}
 	// Ensure that adding an underpriced transaction on block limit fails
-	if err := pool.AddRemote(pricedTransaction(0, 100000, big.NewInt(250000000), keys[1])); err != ErrUnderpriced {
+	if err := pool.AddRemote(pricedTransaction(0, 100000, big.NewInt(250000000), keys[1])); !errors.Is(err, ErrUnderpriced) {
 		t.Fatalf("adding underpriced pending transaction error mismatch: have %v, want %v", err, ErrUnderpriced)
 	}
 	// Replace a future transaction with a future transaction
@@ -1887,7 +1890,7 @@ func TestPoolStableUnderpricing(t *testing.T) {
 	config.GlobalQueue = 0
 	config.AccountSlots = config.GlobalSlots - 1
 
-	pool := NewTxPool(config, params.TestChainConfig, blockchain)
+	pool := New(config, params.TestChainConfig, blockchain)
 	defer pool.Stop()
 
 	// Keep track of transaction events to ensure all executables get announced
@@ -1995,7 +1998,7 @@ func TestUnderpricingDynamicFee(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Ensure that adding an underpriced transaction fails
 	tx := dynamicFeeTx(0, 100000, big.NewInt(260000000), big.NewInt(250000000), keys[1])
-	if err := pool.AddRemote(tx); err != ErrUnderpriced { // Pend K0:0, K0:1, K2:0; Que K1:1
+	if err := pool.AddRemote(tx); !errors.Is(err, ErrUnderpriced) { // Pend K0:0, K0:1, K2:0; Que K1:1
 		t.Fatalf("adding underpriced pending transaction error mismatch: have %v, want %v", err, ErrUnderpriced)
 	}
 
@@ -2115,7 +2118,7 @@ func TestDeduplication(t *testing.T) {
 	statedb, _ := state.New(types.EmptyRootHash, state.NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()))
 	blockchain := newTestBlockChain(1000000, statedb, new(event.Feed))
 
-	pool := NewTxPool(testTxPoolConfig, params.TestChainConfig, blockchain)
+	pool := New(testTxPoolConfig, params.TestChainConfig, blockchain)
 	defer pool.Stop()
 
 	// Create a test account to add transactions with
@@ -2182,7 +2185,7 @@ func TestReplacement(t *testing.T) {
 	statedb, _ := state.New(types.EmptyRootHash, state.NewDatabase(db))
 	blockchain := newTestBlockChain(1000000, statedb, new(event.Feed))
 
-	pool := NewTxPool(testTxPoolConfig, params.TestChainConfig, blockchain)
+	pool := New(testTxPoolConfig, params.TestChainConfig, blockchain)
 	defer pool.Stop()
 
 	// Keep track of transaction events to ensure all executables get announced
@@ -2394,7 +2397,7 @@ func testTransactionJournaling(t *testing.T, nolocals bool) {
 	config.Journal = journal
 	config.Rejournal = time.Second
 
-	pool := NewTxPool(config, params.TestChainConfig, blockchain)
+	pool := New(config, params.TestChainConfig, blockchain)
 
 	// Create two test accounts to ensure remotes expire but locals do not
 	local, _ := crypto.GenerateKey()
@@ -2431,7 +2434,7 @@ func testTransactionJournaling(t *testing.T, nolocals bool) {
 	statedb.SetNonce(crypto.PubkeyToAddress(local.PublicKey), 1)
 	blockchain = newTestBlockChain(1000000, statedb, new(event.Feed))
 
-	pool = NewTxPool(config, params.TestChainConfig, blockchain)
+	pool = New(config, params.TestChainConfig, blockchain)
 
 	pending, queued = pool.Stats()
 	if queued != 0 {
@@ -2457,7 +2460,7 @@ func testTransactionJournaling(t *testing.T, nolocals bool) {
 
 	statedb.SetNonce(crypto.PubkeyToAddress(local.PublicKey), 1)
 	blockchain = newTestBlockChain(1000000, statedb, new(event.Feed))
-	pool = NewTxPool(config, params.TestChainConfig, blockchain)
+	pool = New(config, params.TestChainConfig, blockchain)
 
 	pending, queued = pool.Stats()
 	if pending != 0 {
@@ -2488,7 +2491,7 @@ func TestStatusCheck(t *testing.T) {
 	statedb, _ := state.New(types.EmptyRootHash, state.NewDatabase(db))
 	blockchain := newTestBlockChain(1000000, statedb, new(event.Feed))
 
-	pool := NewTxPool(testTxPoolConfig, params.TestChainConfig, blockchain)
+	pool := New(testTxPoolConfig, params.TestChainConfig, blockchain)
 	defer pool.Stop()
 
 	// Create the test accounts to check various transaction statuses with
@@ -2698,75 +2701,75 @@ func BenchmarkMultiAccountBatchInsert(b *testing.B) {
 func TestSetGasPrice(t *testing.T) {
 	testCases := []struct {
 		name        string
-		price       *big.Int
+		tip         *big.Int
 		wantErr     error
 		description string
 	}{
 		// Invalid cases - should be rejected
 		{
-			name:        "nil gas price",
-			price:       nil,
-			wantErr:     errors.New("reject nil gas price"),
+			name:        "nil gas tip",
+			tip:         nil,
+			wantErr:     errors.New("reject nil gas tip"),
 			description: "nil pointer should be rejected gracefully",
 		},
 		{
-			name:        "negative gas price",
-			price:       big.NewInt(-1),
-			wantErr:     fmt.Errorf("reject negative gas price: %v", big.NewInt(-1)),
+			name:        "negative gas tip",
+			tip:         big.NewInt(-1),
+			wantErr:     fmt.Errorf("reject negative gas tip: %v", big.NewInt(-1)),
 			description: "negative value should be rejected",
 		},
 		{
 			name:        "exceeds maximum by 1",
-			price:       new(big.Int).Add(defaultMaxPrice, big.NewInt(1)),
-			wantErr:     fmt.Errorf("reject too high gas price: %v, maximum: %v", new(big.Int).Add(defaultMaxPrice, big.NewInt(1)), defaultMaxPrice),
+			tip:         new(big.Int).Add(defaultMaxTip, big.NewInt(1)),
+			wantErr:     fmt.Errorf("reject too high gas tip: %v, maximum: %v", new(big.Int).Add(defaultMaxTip, big.NewInt(1)), defaultMaxTip),
 			description: "value exceeding 1000 GWei should be rejected",
 		},
 		{
 			name:        "exceeds maximum significantly",
-			price:       big.NewInt(10000 * params.GWei),
-			wantErr:     fmt.Errorf("reject too high gas price: %v, maximum: %v", big.NewInt(10000*params.GWei), defaultMaxPrice),
+			tip:         big.NewInt(10000 * params.GWei),
+			wantErr:     fmt.Errorf("reject too high gas tip: %v, maximum: %v", big.NewInt(10000*params.GWei), defaultMaxTip),
 			description: "value far exceeding maximum should be rejected",
 		},
 		// Valid cases - should be accepted
 		{
-			name:        "zero gas price",
-			price:       big.NewInt(0),
+			name:        "zero gas tip",
+			tip:         big.NewInt(0),
 			wantErr:     nil,
 			description: "zero is valid as it's not negative",
 		},
 		{
 			name:        "minimum positive value",
-			price:       big.NewInt(1),
+			tip:         big.NewInt(1),
 			wantErr:     nil,
 			description: "minimum positive value should be accepted",
 		},
 		{
 			name:        "1 GWei",
-			price:       big.NewInt(params.GWei),
+			tip:         big.NewInt(params.GWei),
 			wantErr:     nil,
 			description: "1 GWei should be accepted",
 		},
 		{
 			name:        "100 GWei",
-			price:       big.NewInt(100 * params.GWei),
+			tip:         big.NewInt(100 * params.GWei),
 			wantErr:     nil,
 			description: "100 GWei should be accepted",
 		},
 		{
 			name:        "500 GWei",
-			price:       big.NewInt(500 * params.GWei),
+			tip:         big.NewInt(500 * params.GWei),
 			wantErr:     nil,
 			description: "500 GWei should be accepted",
 		},
 		{
 			name:        "just below maximum",
-			price:       new(big.Int).Sub(defaultMaxPrice, big.NewInt(1)),
+			tip:         new(big.Int).Sub(defaultMaxTip, big.NewInt(1)),
 			wantErr:     nil,
 			description: "value just below maximum should be accepted",
 		},
 		{
 			name:        "exactly at maximum",
-			price:       defaultMaxPrice,
+			tip:         defaultMaxTip,
 			wantErr:     nil,
 			description: "exactly 1000 GWei should be accepted",
 		},
@@ -2778,9 +2781,9 @@ func TestSetGasPrice(t *testing.T) {
 			pool, _ := setupPool()
 			defer pool.Stop()
 
-			oldPrice := pool.GasPrice()
-			haveErr := pool.SetGasPrice(tc.price)
-			newPrice := pool.GasPrice()
+			oldPrice := pool.gasTip.Load()
+			haveErr := pool.SetGasTip(tc.tip)
+			newPrice := pool.gasTip.Load()
 
 			if tc.wantErr != nil {
 				// Invalid case: should return error and price should remain unchanged
@@ -2797,8 +2800,8 @@ func TestSetGasPrice(t *testing.T) {
 				if haveErr != nil {
 					t.Errorf("%s: Expected no error, got: %v", tc.description, haveErr)
 				}
-				if newPrice.Cmp(tc.price) != 0 {
-					t.Errorf("%s: Expected gas price to be set to %v, got %v", tc.description, tc.price, newPrice)
+				if newPrice.Cmp(tc.tip) != 0 {
+					t.Errorf("%s: Expected gas price to be set to %v, got %v", tc.description, tc.tip, newPrice)
 				}
 			}
 		})
diff --git a/core/txpool/validation.go b/core/txpool/validation.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..daf5b106a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/txpool/validation.go
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package txpool
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"math/big"
+
+	"github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/common"
+	"github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/core"
+	"github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/core/state"
+	"github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/core/types"
+	"github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/log"
+	"github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/params"
+)
+
+// ValidationOptions define certain differences between transaction validation
+// across the different pools without having to duplicate those checks.
+type ValidationOptions struct {
+	Config *params.ChainConfig // Chain configuration to selectively validate based on current fork rules
+
+	Accept  uint8    // Bitmap of transaction types that should be accepted for the calling pool
+	MaxSize uint64   // Maximum size of a transaction that the caller can meaningfully handle
+	MinTip  *big.Int // Minimum gas tip needed to allow a transaction into the caller pool
+
+	NotSigner func(addr common.Address) bool
+}
+
+// ValidateTransaction is a helper method to check whether a transaction is valid
+// according to the consensus rules, but does not check state-dependent validation
+// (balance, nonce, etc).
+//
+// This check is public to allow different transaction pools to check the basic
+// rules without duplicating code and running the risk of missed updates.
+func ValidateTransaction(tx *types.Transaction, head *types.Header, signer types.Signer, opts *ValidationOptions) error {
+	// Ensure transactions not implemented by the calling pool are rejected
+	if opts.Accept&(1<<tx.Type()) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: tx type %v not supported by this pool", core.ErrTxTypeNotSupported, tx.Type())
+	}
+	// Before performing any expensive validations, sanity check that the tx is
+	// smaller than the maximum limit the pool can meaningfully handle
+	if tx.Size() > opts.MaxSize {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: transaction size %v, limit %v", ErrOversizedData, tx.Size(), opts.MaxSize)
+	}
+	// Ensure only transactions that have been enabled are accepted
+	if !opts.Config.IsEIP1559(head.Number) && tx.Type() != types.LegacyTxType {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: type %d rejected, pool not yet in EIP1559", core.ErrTxTypeNotSupported, tx.Type())
+	}
+	// Check whether the init code size has been exceeded
+	if opts.Config.IsEIP1559(head.Number) && tx.To() == nil && len(tx.Data()) > params.MaxInitCodeSize {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: code size %v, limit %v", core.ErrMaxInitCodeSizeExceeded, len(tx.Data()), params.MaxInitCodeSize)
+	}
+	// Transactions can't be negative. This may never happen using RLP decoded
+	// transactions but may occur for transactions created using the RPC.
+	if tx.Value().Sign() < 0 {
+		return ErrNegativeValue
+	}
+	// Ensure the transaction doesn't exceed the current block limit gas
+	if head.GasLimit < tx.Gas() {
+		return ErrGasLimit
+	}
+	// Sanity check for extremely large numbers (supported by RLP or RPC)
+	if tx.GasFeeCap().BitLen() > 256 {
+		return core.ErrFeeCapVeryHigh
+	}
+	if tx.GasTipCap().BitLen() > 256 {
+		return core.ErrTipVeryHigh
+	}
+	// Ensure gasFeeCap is greater than or equal to gasTipCap
+	if tx.GasFeeCapIntCmp(tx.GasTipCap()) < 0 {
+		return core.ErrTipAboveFeeCap
+	}
+	// Make sure the transaction is signed properly
+	from, err := types.Sender(signer, tx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ErrInvalidSender
+	}
+	// Limit nonce to 2^64-1 per EIP-2681
+	if tx.Nonce()+1 < tx.Nonce() {
+		return core.ErrNonceMax
+	}
+	isSpecial := tx.IsSpecialTransaction()
+	// Ensure the gasprice is high enough to cover the requirement of
+	// the calling pool and/or block producer
+	if tx.GasTipCapIntCmp(opts.MinTip) < 0 {
+		// For special transactions, only check if the sender is not a signer
+		// For regular transactions, always check (to preserve old logic)
+		if !isSpecial || opts.NotSigner(from) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%w: tip needed %v, tip permitted %v", ErrUnderpriced, opts.MinTip, tx.GasTipCap())
+		}
+	}
+	// Skip further checks for special transactions
+	if isSpecial {
+		return nil
+	}
+	// Check zero gas price.
+	if tx.GasPrice().Sign() == 0 {
+		return ErrZeroGasPrice
+	}
+	// Ensure the transaction has more gas than the bare minimum needed to
+	// cover the transaction metadata
+	intrGas, err := core.IntrinsicGas(tx.Data(), tx.AccessList(), tx.SetCodeAuthorizations(), tx.To() == nil, true, opts.Config.IsEIP1559(head.Number))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if tx.Gas() < intrGas {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: needed %v, allowed %v", core.ErrIntrinsicGas, intrGas, tx.Gas())
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ValidationOptionsWithState define certain differences between stateful transaction
+// validation across the different pools without having to duplicate those checks.
+type ValidationOptionsWithState struct {
+	State *state.StateDB // State database to check nonces and balances against
+
+	// FirstNonceGap is an optional callback to retrieve the first nonce gap in
+	// the list of pooled transactions of a specific account. If this method is
+	// set, nonce gaps will be checked and forbidden. If this method is not set,
+	// nonce gaps will be ignored and permitted.
+	FirstNonceGap func(addr common.Address) uint64
+
+	// ExistingExpenditure is a mandatory callback to retrieve the cumulative
+	// cost of the already pooled transactions to check for overdrafts.
+	ExistingExpenditure func(addr common.Address) *big.Int
+
+	// ExistingCost is a mandatory callback to retrieve an already pooled
+	// transaction's cost with the given nonce to check for overdrafts.
+	ExistingCost func(addr common.Address, nonce uint64) *big.Int
+
+	Trc21FeeCapacity map[common.Address]*big.Int
+
+	PendingNonce func(addr common.Address) uint64
+
+	CurrentNumber func() *big.Int
+}
+
+// ValidateTransactionWithState is a helper method to check whether a transaction
+// is valid according to the pool's internal state checks (balance, nonce, gaps).
+//
+// This check is public to allow different transaction pools to check the stateful
+// rules without duplicating code and running the risk of missed updates.
+func ValidateTransactionWithState(tx *types.Transaction, signer types.Signer, opts *ValidationOptionsWithState) error {
+	// Ensure the transaction adheres to nonce ordering
+	from, err := signer.Sender(tx) // already validated (and cached), but cleaner to check
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("Transaction sender recovery failed", "err", err)
+		return err
+	}
+	// Ensure the transaction nonce is in a valid range
+	next := opts.State.GetNonce(from)
+	if next > tx.Nonce() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: next nonce %v, tx nonce %v", core.ErrNonceTooLow, next, tx.Nonce())
+	}
+	if opts.PendingNonce(from)+common.LimitThresholdNonceInQueue < tx.Nonce() {
+		return core.ErrNonceTooHigh
+	}
+	// Ensure the transaction doesn't produce a nonce gap in pools that do not
+	// support arbitrary orderings
+	if opts.FirstNonceGap != nil {
+		if gap := opts.FirstNonceGap(from); gap < tx.Nonce() {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%w: tx nonce %v, gapped nonce %v", core.ErrNonceTooHigh, tx.Nonce(), gap)
+		}
+	}
+	// Ensure the transactor has enough funds to cover the transaction costs
+	var (
+		balance     = opts.State.GetBalance(from)
+		cost        = tx.Cost()
+		feeCapacity = big.NewInt(0)
+		number      = opts.CurrentNumber()
+		to          = tx.To()
+	)
+	if to != nil {
+		if value, ok := opts.Trc21FeeCapacity[*to]; ok {
+			feeCapacity = value
+			if !opts.State.ValidateTRC21Tx(from, *to, tx.Data()) {
+				return core.ErrInsufficientFunds
+			}
+			cost = tx.TxCost(number)
+		}
+	}
+	newBalance := new(big.Int).Add(balance, feeCapacity)
+	if newBalance.Cmp(cost) < 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: balance %v, tx cost %v, overshot %v", core.ErrInsufficientFunds, balance, cost, new(big.Int).Sub(cost, balance))
+	}
+
+	// Ensure the transactor has enough funds to cover for replacements or nonce
+	// expansions without overdrafts
+	spent := opts.ExistingExpenditure(from)
+	if prev := opts.ExistingCost(from, tx.Nonce()); prev != nil {
+		bump := new(big.Int).Sub(cost, prev)
+		need := new(big.Int).Add(spent, bump)
+		if newBalance.Cmp(need) < 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%w: balance %v, queued cost %v, tx bumped %v, overshot %v", core.ErrInsufficientFunds, balance, spent, bump, new(big.Int).Sub(need, newBalance))
+		}
+	} else {
+		need := new(big.Int).Add(spent, cost)
+		if newBalance.Cmp(need) < 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%w: balance %v, queued cost %v, tx cost %v, overshot %v", core.ErrInsufficientFunds, balance, spent, cost, new(big.Int).Sub(need, newBalance))
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Ensure sender and receiver are not in black list
+	if number == nil || number.Cmp(new(big.Int).SetUint64(common.BlackListHFNumber)) >= 0 {
+		// check if sender is in black list
+		if common.IsInBlacklist(tx.From()) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("reject transaction with sender in black-list: %v", tx.From().Hex())
+		}
+		// check if receiver is in black list
+		if common.IsInBlacklist(to) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("reject transaction with receiver in black-list: %v", to.Hex())
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Validate gas price
+	if !tx.IsSpecialTransaction() {
+		minGasPrice := common.GetMinGasPrice(number)
+		if tx.GasPrice().Cmp(minGasPrice) < 0 {
+			return ErrUnderMinGasPrice
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/eth/api_miner.go b/eth/api_miner.go
index b316d950da..2213058a90 100644
--- a/eth/api_miner.go
+++ b/eth/api_miner.go
@@ -62,10 +62,11 @@ func (api *MinerAPI) Start(threads *int) error {
 	if !api.e.IsStaking() {
 		// Propagate the initial price point to the transaction pool
 		api.e.lock.RLock()
+		// api.e.gasPrice is from MinerGasPriceFlag
 		price := api.e.gasPrice
 		api.e.lock.RUnlock()
 
-		api.e.txPool.SetGasPrice(price)
+		api.e.txPool.SetGasTip(price)
 		return api.e.StartStaking(true)
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -97,7 +98,7 @@ func (api *MinerAPI) SetGasPrice(gasPrice hexutil.Big) bool {
 	api.e.gasPrice = (*big.Int)(&gasPrice)
 	api.e.lock.Unlock()
 
-	err := api.e.txPool.SetGasPrice((*big.Int)(&gasPrice))
+	err := api.e.txPool.SetGasTip((*big.Int)(&gasPrice))
 	return err == nil
 }
 
diff --git a/eth/backend.go b/eth/backend.go
index 6095b816b3..ebe31ec139 100644
--- a/eth/backend.go
+++ b/eth/backend.go
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ func New(stack *node.Node, config *ethconfig.Config, XDCXServ *XDCx.XDCX, lendin
 	if config.TxPool.Journal != "" {
 		config.TxPool.Journal = stack.ResolvePath(config.TxPool.Journal)
 	}
-	eth.txPool = txpool.NewTxPool(config.TxPool, eth.chainConfig, eth.blockchain)
+	eth.txPool = txpool.New(config.TxPool, eth.chainConfig, eth.blockchain)
 	eth.orderPool = txpool.NewOrderPool(eth.chainConfig, eth.blockchain)
 	eth.lendingPool = txpool.NewLendingPool(eth.chainConfig, eth.blockchain)