diff --git a/cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool/execution.go b/cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool/execution.go
index 15973e934d..a2de58ad46 100644
--- a/cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool/execution.go
+++ b/cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool/execution.go
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ func (pre *Prestate) Apply(vmConfig vm.Config, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig,
 				continue
 			}
 		}
-		statedb.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), len(receipts))
+		statedb.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), len(receipts), uint32(len(receipts)+1))
 		var (
 			snapshot = statedb.Snapshot()
 			gp       = gaspool.Snapshot()
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ func (pre *Prestate) Apply(vmConfig vm.Config, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig,
 	for _, receipt := range receipts {
 		allLogs = append(allLogs, receipt.Logs...)
 	}
-	requests, err := core.PostExecution(context.Background(), chainConfig, vmContext.BlockNumber, vmContext.Time, allLogs, evm)
+	requests, err := core.PostExecution(context.Background(), chainConfig, vmContext.BlockNumber, vmContext.Time, allLogs, evm, uint32(len(receipts)+1))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, nil, NewError(ErrorEVM, fmt.Errorf("failed to process post-execution: %v", err))
 	}
diff --git a/core/chain_makers.go b/core/chain_makers.go
index 7474d892b1..cfd6302794 100644
--- a/core/chain_makers.go
+++ b/core/chain_makers.go
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ func (b *BlockGen) addTx(bc *BlockChain, vmConfig vm.Config, tx *types.Transacti
 		blockContext = NewEVMBlockContext(b.header, bc, &b.header.Coinbase)
 		evm          = vm.NewEVM(blockContext, b.statedb, b.cm.config, vmConfig)
 	)
-	b.statedb.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), len(b.txs))
+	b.statedb.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), len(b.txs), uint32(len(b.txs)+1))
 	receipt, err := ApplyTransaction(evm, b.gasPool, b.statedb, b.header, tx)
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ func (b *BlockGen) collectRequests(readonly bool) (requests [][]byte) {
 	blockContext := NewEVMBlockContext(b.header, b.cm, &b.header.Coinbase)
 	evm := vm.NewEVM(blockContext, statedb, b.cm.config, vm.Config{})
 
-	requests, err := PostExecution(context.Background(), b.cm.config, b.header.Number, b.header.Time, blockLogs, evm)
+	requests, err := PostExecution(context.Background(), b.cm.config, b.header.Number, b.header.Time, blockLogs, evm, uint32(len(b.txs)+1))
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(fmt.Sprintf("failed to run post-execution: %v", err))
 	}
diff --git a/core/state/journal.go b/core/state/journal.go
index a79bd7331a..353144a1c7 100644
--- a/core/state/journal.go
+++ b/core/state/journal.go
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ package state
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"maps"
 	"slices"
 	"sort"
 
@@ -32,26 +31,163 @@ type revision struct {
 	journalIndex int
 }
 
+// journalMutationKind indicates the type of account mutation.
+type journalMutationKind uint8
+
+const (
+	// journalMutationKindNone is the zero value returned by mutation() for
+	// entries that don't carry a tracked account mutation. The accompanying
+	// bool is false in that case; callers must gate on it before using the
+	// kind.
+	journalMutationKindNone journalMutationKind = iota
+	journalMutationKindTouch
+	journalMutationKindCreate
+	journalMutationKindSelfDestruct
+	journalMutationKindBalance
+	journalMutationKindNonce
+	journalMutationKindCode
+	journalMutationKindStorage
+	journalMutationKindCount // sentinel, must stay last
+)
+
+type journalMutationCounts [journalMutationKindCount]int
+
+// journalMutationState tracks, per account, both the per-kind count of mutation
+// entries currently present in the journal and the pre-tx value of each
+// metadata field captured on its first touch (balance/nonce/code).
+// The *Set flags indicate whether the corresponding field has been mutated
+// at least once in the current tx window; they are cleared when all entries
+// of that kind are reverted. Storage slots are tracked elsewhere.
+type journalMutationState struct {
+	counts journalMutationCounts
+
+	balance    *uint256.Int
+	balanceSet bool
+	nonce      uint64
+	nonceSet   bool
+	code       []byte
+	codeSet    bool
+}
+
+func (s *journalMutationState) add(kind journalMutationKind) {
+	s.counts.add(kind)
+}
+
+// remove drops one occurrence of the given mutation kind. It returns a flag
+// indicating whether no entries of any kind remain.
+func (s *journalMutationState) remove(kind journalMutationKind) bool {
+	if s.counts.remove(kind) {
+		// No entries of this kind remain for this account; drop the
+		// corresponding stashed original so the state mirrors the
+		// live mutation set.
+		s.clearKind(kind)
+	}
+	return s.counts == (journalMutationCounts{})
+}
+
+// clearKind drops the stashed original for the given mutation kind. It is
+// invoked during revert once no journal entries of that kind remain for the
+// account. Kinds that don't correspond to a tracked metadata field are no-ops.
+func (s *journalMutationState) clearKind(kind journalMutationKind) {
+	switch kind {
+	case journalMutationKindBalance:
+		s.balance = nil
+		s.balanceSet = false
+	case journalMutationKindNonce:
+		s.nonce = 0
+		s.nonceSet = false
+	case journalMutationKindCode:
+		s.code = nil
+		s.codeSet = false
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *journalMutationState) copy() *journalMutationState {
+	cpy := *s
+	if s.balance != nil {
+		cpy.balance = new(uint256.Int).Set(s.balance)
+	}
+	if s.code != nil {
+		cpy.code = slices.Clone(s.code)
+	}
+	return &cpy
+}
+
+func (c *journalMutationCounts) add(kind journalMutationKind) {
+	c[kind]++
+}
+
+func (c *journalMutationCounts) remove(kind journalMutationKind) bool {
+	c[kind]--
+	return c[kind] == 0
+}
+
 // journalEntry is a modification entry in the state change journal that can be
 // reverted on demand.
 type journalEntry interface {
 	// revert undoes the changes introduced by this journal entry.
 	revert(*StateDB)
 
-	// dirtied returns the Ethereum address modified by this journal entry.
-	// indicates false if no address was changed.
-	dirtied() (common.Address, bool)
+	// mutation returns the account mutation introduced by this entry.
+	// It indicates false if no tracked account mutation was made.
+	mutation() (common.Address, journalMutationKind, bool)
 
 	// copy returns a deep-copied journal entry.
 	copy() journalEntry
 }
 
+// stashBalance records prev as the pre-tx balance of addr, iff this is the
+// first balance touch seen in the current tx. Subsequent balance writes are
+// ignored so the stored value remains the true pre-tx original.
+func (j *journal) stashBalance(addr common.Address, prev *uint256.Int) {
+	s := j.mutationStateFor(addr)
+	if s.balanceSet {
+		return
+	}
+	// The balance is already deep-copied and safe to hold the object here.
+	s.balance = prev
+	s.balanceSet = true
+}
+
+// stashNonce records prev as the pre-tx nonce of addr on first touch.
+func (j *journal) stashNonce(addr common.Address, prev uint64) {
+	s := j.mutationStateFor(addr)
+	if s.nonceSet {
+		return
+	}
+	s.nonce = prev
+	s.nonceSet = true
+}
+
+// stashCode records prev as the pre-tx code of addr on first touch.
+func (j *journal) stashCode(addr common.Address, prev []byte) {
+	s := j.mutationStateFor(addr)
+	if s.codeSet {
+		return
+	}
+	// The code is already deep-copied in the StateDB, safe to
+	// hold the reference here.
+	s.code = prev
+	s.codeSet = true
+}
+
+// mutationStateFor returns the mutation state for addr, creating an empty one
+// if absent.
+func (j *journal) mutationStateFor(addr common.Address) *journalMutationState {
+	s := j.mutations[addr]
+	if s == nil {
+		s = new(journalMutationState)
+		j.mutations[addr] = s
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
 // journal contains the list of state modifications applied since the last state
 // commit. These are tracked to be able to be reverted in the case of an execution
 // exception or request for reversal.
 type journal struct {
-	entries []journalEntry         // Current changes tracked by the journal
-	dirties map[common.Address]int // Dirty accounts and the number of changes
+	entries   []journalEntry                           // Current changes tracked by the journal
+	mutations map[common.Address]*journalMutationState // Per-account mutation kinds and pre-tx originals
 
 	validRevisions []revision
 	nextRevisionId int
@@ -60,7 +196,7 @@ type journal struct {
 // newJournal creates a new initialized journal.
 func newJournal() *journal {
 	return &journal{
-		dirties: make(map[common.Address]int),
+		mutations: make(map[common.Address]*journalMutationState),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -70,7 +206,7 @@ func newJournal() *journal {
 func (j *journal) reset() {
 	j.entries = j.entries[:0]
 	j.validRevisions = j.validRevisions[:0]
-	clear(j.dirties)
+	clear(j.mutations)
 	j.nextRevisionId = 0
 }
 
@@ -101,33 +237,52 @@ func (j *journal) revertToSnapshot(revid int, s *StateDB) {
 // append inserts a new modification entry to the end of the change journal.
 func (j *journal) append(entry journalEntry) {
 	j.entries = append(j.entries, entry)
-	if addr, dirty := entry.dirtied(); dirty {
-		j.dirties[addr]++
+	if addr, kind, dirty := entry.mutation(); dirty {
+		state := j.mutations[addr]
+		if state == nil {
+			state = new(journalMutationState)
+			j.mutations[addr] = state
+		}
+		state.add(kind)
 	}
 }
 
 // revert undoes a batch of journalled modifications along with any reverted
-// dirty handling too.
+// mutation tracking too.
 func (j *journal) revert(statedb *StateDB, snapshot int) {
 	for i := len(j.entries) - 1; i >= snapshot; i-- {
 		// Undo the changes made by the operation
 		j.entries[i].revert(statedb)
 
-		// Drop any dirty tracking induced by the change
-		if addr, dirty := j.entries[i].dirtied(); dirty {
-			if j.dirties[addr]--; j.dirties[addr] == 0 {
-				delete(j.dirties, addr)
+		// Drop any mutation tracking induced by the change.
+		if addr, kind, dirty := j.entries[i].mutation(); dirty {
+			state := j.mutations[addr]
+			if state == nil {
+				panic(fmt.Errorf("journal mutation tracking missing for %x", addr[:]))
+			}
+			if state.remove(kind) {
+				delete(j.mutations, addr)
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	j.entries = j.entries[:snapshot]
 }
 
-// dirty explicitly sets an address to dirty, even if the change entries would
-// otherwise suggest it as clean. This method is an ugly hack to handle the RIPEMD
-// precompile consensus exception.
-func (j *journal) dirty(addr common.Address) {
-	j.dirties[addr]++
+// ripemdMagic explicitly keeps RIPEMD160 in the mutation set with a touch change.
+//
+// Ethereum Mainnet contains an old empty-account touch/revert quirk for address
+// 0x03. If we only relied on the journal entry above, the revert path would
+// remove the account from the mutation set together with the touch.
+//
+// Keep an explicit touch marker so tx finalisation still sees RIPEMD160
+// on the mutation pass when replaying that historical case.
+func (j *journal) ripemdMagic() {
+	state := j.mutations[ripemd]
+	if state == nil {
+		state = new(journalMutationState)
+		j.mutations[ripemd] = state
+	}
+	state.add(journalMutationKindTouch)
 }
 
 // length returns the current number of entries in the journal.
@@ -141,9 +296,13 @@ func (j *journal) copy() *journal {
 	for i := 0; i < j.length(); i++ {
 		entries = append(entries, j.entries[i].copy())
 	}
+	mutations := make(map[common.Address]*journalMutationState, len(j.mutations))
+	for addr, state := range j.mutations {
+		mutations[addr] = state.copy()
+	}
 	return &journal{
 		entries:        entries,
-		dirties:        maps.Clone(j.dirties),
+		mutations:      mutations,
 		validRevisions: slices.Clone(j.validRevisions),
 		nextRevisionId: j.nextRevisionId,
 	}
@@ -187,13 +346,16 @@ func (j *journal) refundChange(previous uint64) {
 }
 
 func (j *journal) balanceChange(addr common.Address, previous *uint256.Int) {
+	prev := previous.Clone()
+	j.stashBalance(addr, prev)
 	j.append(balanceChange{
 		account: addr,
-		prev:    previous.Clone(),
+		prev:    prev,
 	})
 }
 
 func (j *journal) setCode(address common.Address, prevCode []byte) {
+	j.stashCode(address, prevCode)
 	j.append(codeChange{
 		account:  address,
 		prevCode: prevCode,
@@ -201,6 +363,7 @@ func (j *journal) setCode(address common.Address, prevCode []byte) {
 }
 
 func (j *journal) nonceChange(address common.Address, prev uint64) {
+	j.stashNonce(address, prev)
 	j.append(nonceChange{
 		account: address,
 		prev:    prev,
@@ -212,9 +375,18 @@ func (j *journal) touchChange(address common.Address) {
 		account: address,
 	})
 	if address == ripemd {
-		// Explicitly put it in the dirty-cache, which is otherwise generated from
-		// flattened journals.
-		j.dirty(address)
+		// Preserve the historical RIPEMD160 precompile consensus exception.
+		//
+		// Mainnet contains an old empty-account touch/revert quirk for address
+		// 0x03. If we only relied on the journal entry above, the revert path
+		// would remove the account from the dirty set together with the touch.
+		// Keep an explicit dirty marker so tx finalisation still sees the
+		// account on the dirty pass when replaying that historical case.
+		//
+		// This does not force deletion by itself: Finalise will still delete the
+		// account only if the state object is present at tx end and qualifies for
+		// deletion there.
+		j.ripemdMagic()
 	}
 }
 
@@ -295,8 +467,8 @@ func (ch createObjectChange) revert(s *StateDB) {
 	delete(s.stateObjects, ch.account)
 }
 
-func (ch createObjectChange) dirtied() (common.Address, bool) {
-	return ch.account, true
+func (ch createObjectChange) mutation() (common.Address, journalMutationKind, bool) {
+	return ch.account, journalMutationKindCreate, true
 }
 
 func (ch createObjectChange) copy() journalEntry {
@@ -309,8 +481,8 @@ func (ch createContractChange) revert(s *StateDB) {
 	s.getStateObject(ch.account).newContract = false
 }
 
-func (ch createContractChange) dirtied() (common.Address, bool) {
-	return common.Address{}, false
+func (ch createContractChange) mutation() (common.Address, journalMutationKind, bool) {
+	return common.Address{}, journalMutationKindNone, false
 }
 
 func (ch createContractChange) copy() journalEntry {
@@ -326,8 +498,8 @@ func (ch selfDestructChange) revert(s *StateDB) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (ch selfDestructChange) dirtied() (common.Address, bool) {
-	return ch.account, true
+func (ch selfDestructChange) mutation() (common.Address, journalMutationKind, bool) {
+	return ch.account, journalMutationKindSelfDestruct, true
 }
 
 func (ch selfDestructChange) copy() journalEntry {
@@ -341,8 +513,8 @@ var ripemd = common.HexToAddress("0000000000000000000000000000000000000003")
 func (ch touchChange) revert(s *StateDB) {
 }
 
-func (ch touchChange) dirtied() (common.Address, bool) {
-	return ch.account, true
+func (ch touchChange) mutation() (common.Address, journalMutationKind, bool) {
+	return ch.account, journalMutationKindTouch, true
 }
 
 func (ch touchChange) copy() journalEntry {
@@ -355,8 +527,8 @@ func (ch balanceChange) revert(s *StateDB) {
 	s.getStateObject(ch.account).setBalance(ch.prev)
 }
 
-func (ch balanceChange) dirtied() (common.Address, bool) {
-	return ch.account, true
+func (ch balanceChange) mutation() (common.Address, journalMutationKind, bool) {
+	return ch.account, journalMutationKindBalance, true
 }
 
 func (ch balanceChange) copy() journalEntry {
@@ -370,8 +542,8 @@ func (ch nonceChange) revert(s *StateDB) {
 	s.getStateObject(ch.account).setNonce(ch.prev)
 }
 
-func (ch nonceChange) dirtied() (common.Address, bool) {
-	return ch.account, true
+func (ch nonceChange) mutation() (common.Address, journalMutationKind, bool) {
+	return ch.account, journalMutationKindNonce, true
 }
 
 func (ch nonceChange) copy() journalEntry {
@@ -385,8 +557,8 @@ func (ch codeChange) revert(s *StateDB) {
 	s.getStateObject(ch.account).setCode(crypto.Keccak256Hash(ch.prevCode), ch.prevCode)
 }
 
-func (ch codeChange) dirtied() (common.Address, bool) {
-	return ch.account, true
+func (ch codeChange) mutation() (common.Address, journalMutationKind, bool) {
+	return ch.account, journalMutationKindCode, true
 }
 
 func (ch codeChange) copy() journalEntry {
@@ -400,8 +572,8 @@ func (ch storageChange) revert(s *StateDB) {
 	s.getStateObject(ch.account).setState(ch.key, ch.prevvalue, ch.origvalue)
 }
 
-func (ch storageChange) dirtied() (common.Address, bool) {
-	return ch.account, true
+func (ch storageChange) mutation() (common.Address, journalMutationKind, bool) {
+	return ch.account, journalMutationKindStorage, true
 }
 
 func (ch storageChange) copy() journalEntry {
@@ -417,8 +589,8 @@ func (ch transientStorageChange) revert(s *StateDB) {
 	s.setTransientState(ch.account, ch.key, ch.prevalue)
 }
 
-func (ch transientStorageChange) dirtied() (common.Address, bool) {
-	return common.Address{}, false
+func (ch transientStorageChange) mutation() (common.Address, journalMutationKind, bool) {
+	return common.Address{}, journalMutationKindNone, false
 }
 
 func (ch transientStorageChange) copy() journalEntry {
@@ -433,8 +605,8 @@ func (ch refundChange) revert(s *StateDB) {
 	s.refund = ch.prev
 }
 
-func (ch refundChange) dirtied() (common.Address, bool) {
-	return common.Address{}, false
+func (ch refundChange) mutation() (common.Address, journalMutationKind, bool) {
+	return common.Address{}, journalMutationKindNone, false
 }
 
 func (ch refundChange) copy() journalEntry {
@@ -453,8 +625,8 @@ func (ch addLogChange) revert(s *StateDB) {
 	s.logSize--
 }
 
-func (ch addLogChange) dirtied() (common.Address, bool) {
-	return common.Address{}, false
+func (ch addLogChange) mutation() (common.Address, journalMutationKind, bool) {
+	return common.Address{}, journalMutationKindNone, false
 }
 
 func (ch addLogChange) copy() journalEntry {
@@ -476,8 +648,8 @@ func (ch accessListAddAccountChange) revert(s *StateDB) {
 	s.accessList.DeleteAddress(ch.address)
 }
 
-func (ch accessListAddAccountChange) dirtied() (common.Address, bool) {
-	return common.Address{}, false
+func (ch accessListAddAccountChange) mutation() (common.Address, journalMutationKind, bool) {
+	return common.Address{}, journalMutationKindNone, false
 }
 
 func (ch accessListAddAccountChange) copy() journalEntry {
@@ -490,8 +662,8 @@ func (ch accessListAddSlotChange) revert(s *StateDB) {
 	s.accessList.DeleteSlot(ch.address, ch.slot)
 }
 
-func (ch accessListAddSlotChange) dirtied() (common.Address, bool) {
-	return common.Address{}, false
+func (ch accessListAddSlotChange) mutation() (common.Address, journalMutationKind, bool) {
+	return common.Address{}, journalMutationKindNone, false
 }
 
 func (ch accessListAddSlotChange) copy() journalEntry {
diff --git a/core/state/journal_test.go b/core/state/journal_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..262cee77fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/state/journal_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package state
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/tracing"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/holiman/uint256"
+)
+
+// fuzzJournalAddrs is a small fixed pool used by the fuzz harness to force
+// repeated collisions on the same account, which exercises the multi-entry
+// path in the journal's mutation tracking and originals cleanup on revert.
+// It deliberately excludes the RIPEMD-160 precompile (0x03), which has a
+// consensus-level touch/revert exception that would complicate invariants.
+var fuzzJournalAddrs = []common.Address{
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x11}),
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x22}),
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x44}),
+}
+
+// checkJournalInvariants validates that:
+//   - journal.mutations exactly reflects the dirty entries currently in
+//     journal.entries (per-kind counts and mask match what you'd get by
+//     walking the entries from scratch).
+//   - journal.originals mirrors that set for the three tracked metadata kinds
+//     (balance/nonce/code): a *Set flag is true iff the account currently has
+//     at least one corresponding entry in the journal.
+//   - An address is present in originals only if it also has at least one
+//     tracked-kind mutation in the journal.
+func checkJournalInvariants(t *testing.T, j *journal) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	// Reconstruct the expected per-address counts from the live entries.
+	expected := make(map[common.Address]*journalMutationCounts)
+	for _, e := range j.entries {
+		addr, kind, dirty := e.mutation()
+		if !dirty {
+			continue
+		}
+		c := expected[addr]
+		if c == nil {
+			c = &journalMutationCounts{}
+			expected[addr] = c
+		}
+		c.add(kind)
+	}
+
+	if len(j.mutations) != len(expected) {
+		t.Fatalf("mutations size %d, want %d", len(j.mutations), len(expected))
+	}
+	for addr, state := range j.mutations {
+		want, ok := expected[addr]
+		if !ok {
+			t.Fatalf("mutations has extra address %x", addr)
+		}
+		if state.counts != *want {
+			t.Fatalf("addr %x: counts=%+v want=%+v", addr, state.counts, *want)
+		}
+		// First-touch *Set flags must mirror the live per-kind counts.
+		if state.balanceSet != (want[journalMutationKindBalance] > 0) {
+			t.Fatalf("addr %x: balanceSet=%v want=%v (balance count=%d)",
+				addr, state.balanceSet, want[journalMutationKindBalance] > 0, want[journalMutationKindBalance])
+		}
+		if state.nonceSet != (want[journalMutationKindNonce] > 0) {
+			t.Fatalf("addr %x: nonceSet=%v want=%v (nonce count=%d)",
+				addr, state.nonceSet, want[journalMutationKindNonce] > 0, want[journalMutationKindNonce])
+		}
+		if state.codeSet != (want[journalMutationKindCode] > 0) {
+			t.Fatalf("addr %x: codeSet=%v want=%v (code count=%d)",
+				addr, state.codeSet, want[journalMutationKindCode] > 0, want[journalMutationKindCode])
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// FuzzJournal drives a randomised sequence of state mutations, snapshots and
+// reverts against a fresh StateDB and validates the journal's internal
+// bookkeeping invariants after every step. It also asserts that reverting
+// back to the root snapshot empties mutations, originals and entries
+// completely. The seed corpus ensures the test also runs as a regular unit
+// test via `go test -run FuzzJournal`.
+func FuzzJournal(f *testing.F) {
+	seeds := [][]byte{
+		// balance then full revert (simplest a→b→a case).
+		{0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x05, 0x00},
+		// balance+nonce+code mixed, then revert to root.
+		{0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x00, 0x03, 0x05, 0x00},
+		// snapshot, mutate, revert, mutate again.
+		{0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x05},
+		// storage interleaved with metadata.
+		{0x03, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x05, 0x03, 0x02, 0x02, 0x04, 0x03, 0x01, 0x07},
+		// many ops, no explicit revert — exercises steady-state invariants.
+		{0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02,
+			0x03, 0x04, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x00, 0x06, 0x08, 0x0a, 0x0c},
+	}
+	for _, s := range seeds {
+		f.Add(s)
+	}
+
+	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, data []byte) {
+		sdb, err := New(types.EmptyRootHash, NewDatabaseForTesting())
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		root := sdb.Snapshot()
+
+		// Stack of snapshot IDs taken during the fuzz loop.
+		var pending []int
+
+		// readByte returns the next byte and advances the cursor. Returns
+		// (0, false) if exhausted.
+		i := 0
+		readByte := func() (byte, bool) {
+			if i >= len(data) {
+				return 0, false
+			}
+			b := data[i]
+			i++
+			return b, true
+		}
+
+		for {
+			op, ok := readByte()
+			if !ok {
+				break
+			}
+			switch op % 6 {
+			case 0: // SetBalance
+				a, ok1 := readByte()
+				v, ok2 := readByte()
+				if !ok1 || !ok2 {
+					break
+				}
+				addr := fuzzJournalAddrs[int(a)%len(fuzzJournalAddrs)]
+				sdb.SetBalance(addr, uint256.NewInt(uint64(v)), tracing.BalanceChangeUnspecified)
+			case 1: // SetNonce
+				a, ok1 := readByte()
+				n, ok2 := readByte()
+				if !ok1 || !ok2 {
+					break
+				}
+				addr := fuzzJournalAddrs[int(a)%len(fuzzJournalAddrs)]
+				sdb.SetNonce(addr, uint64(n), tracing.NonceChangeUnspecified)
+			case 2: // SetCode
+				a, ok1 := readByte()
+				l, ok2 := readByte()
+				if !ok1 || !ok2 {
+					break
+				}
+				addr := fuzzJournalAddrs[int(a)%len(fuzzJournalAddrs)]
+				code := make([]byte, int(l)%8)
+				for k := range code {
+					b, ok := readByte()
+					if !ok {
+						break
+					}
+					code[k] = b
+				}
+				sdb.SetCode(addr, code, tracing.CodeChangeUnspecified)
+			case 3: // SetState (storage; tracked as mutation kind, no original)
+				a, ok1 := readByte()
+				k, ok2 := readByte()
+				v, ok3 := readByte()
+				if !ok1 || !ok2 || !ok3 {
+					break
+				}
+				addr := fuzzJournalAddrs[int(a)%len(fuzzJournalAddrs)]
+				sdb.SetState(addr,
+					common.BytesToHash([]byte{k}),
+					common.BytesToHash([]byte{v}))
+			case 4: // Snapshot
+				pending = append(pending, sdb.Snapshot())
+			case 5: // RevertToSnapshot
+				if len(pending) == 0 {
+					break
+				}
+				sel, ok := readByte()
+				if !ok {
+					break
+				}
+				idx := int(sel) % len(pending)
+				sdb.RevertToSnapshot(pending[idx])
+				pending = pending[:idx]
+			}
+			checkJournalInvariants(t, sdb.journal)
+		}
+
+		// After reverting to the root snapshot, the journal must be fully
+		// drained: no entries, no mutations, no originals. This is the core
+		// guarantee the user cares about — "all mutations against a single
+		// account reverted" taken to its limit across every account.
+		sdb.RevertToSnapshot(root)
+		checkJournalInvariants(t, sdb.journal)
+
+		if n := len(sdb.journal.entries); n != 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("entries not drained after revert-to-root: %d remain", n)
+		}
+		if n := len(sdb.journal.mutations); n != 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("mutations not drained after revert-to-root: %d remain", n)
+		}
+	})
+}
diff --git a/core/state/state_object.go b/core/state/state_object.go
index 8e72486825..ce456e7668 100644
--- a/core/state/state_object.go
+++ b/core/state/state_object.go
@@ -184,8 +184,9 @@ func (s *stateObject) getState(key common.Hash) (common.Hash, common.Hash) {
 // without any mutations caused in the current execution.
 func (s *stateObject) GetCommittedState(key common.Hash) common.Hash {
 	// Record slot access regardless of whether the storage slot exists.
-	s.db.stateReadList.AddState(s.address, key)
-
+	if s.db.stateAccessList != nil {
+		s.db.stateAccessList.StorageRead(s.address, key)
+	}
 	// If we have a pending write or clean cached, return that
 	if value, pending := s.pendingStorage[key]; pending {
 		return value
@@ -274,6 +275,13 @@ func (s *stateObject) finalise() {
 		// map as the dirty slot might have been committed already (before the
 		// byzantium fork) and entry is necessary to modify the value back.
 		s.pendingStorage[key] = value
+
+		// Aggregate storage writes into the block-level access list.
+		// All slots in the dirtyStorage set must have post-transaction
+		// values that differ from their pre-transaction values.
+		if s.db.stateAccessList != nil {
+			s.db.stateAccessList.StorageWrite(s.db.blockAccessIndex, s.address, key, value)
+		}
 	}
 	if s.db.prefetcher != nil && len(slotsToPrefetch) > 0 && s.data.Root != types.EmptyRootHash {
 		if err := s.db.prefetcher.prefetch(s.addrHash(), s.data.Root, s.address, nil, slotsToPrefetch, false); err != nil {
diff --git a/core/state/statedb.go b/core/state/statedb.go
index e6d8b5bffc..1c49d46020 100644
--- a/core/state/statedb.go
+++ b/core/state/statedb.go
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 package state
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"maps"
@@ -128,7 +129,10 @@ type StateDB struct {
 	accessEvents *AccessEvents
 
 	// Per-transaction state access footprint for EIP-7928
-	stateReadList *bal.StateAccessList
+	stateAccessList *bal.ConstructionBlockAccessList
+
+	// Block access index (0 for pre-execution, 1..n for transactions, n+1 for post-execution)
+	blockAccessIndex uint32
 
 	// Transient storage
 	transientStorage transientStorage
@@ -589,8 +593,9 @@ func (s *StateDB) deleteStateObject(addr common.Address) {
 // the object is not found or was deleted in this execution context.
 func (s *StateDB) getStateObject(addr common.Address) *stateObject {
 	// Record state access regardless of whether the account exists.
-	s.stateReadList.AddAccount(addr)
-
+	if s.stateAccessList != nil {
+		s.stateAccessList.AccountRead(addr)
+	}
 	// Prefer live objects if any is available
 	if obj := s.stateObjects[addr]; obj != nil {
 		return obj
@@ -693,6 +698,7 @@ func (s *StateDB) Copy() *StateDB {
 		refund:               s.refund,
 		thash:                s.thash,
 		txIndex:              s.txIndex,
+		blockAccessIndex:     s.blockAccessIndex,
 		logs:                 make(map[common.Hash][]*types.Log, len(s.logs)),
 		logSize:              s.logSize,
 		preimages:            maps.Clone(s.preimages),
@@ -716,9 +722,6 @@ func (s *StateDB) Copy() *StateDB {
 	if s.accessEvents != nil {
 		state.accessEvents = s.accessEvents.Copy()
 	}
-	if s.stateReadList != nil {
-		state.stateReadList = s.stateReadList.Copy()
-	}
 	// Deep copy cached state objects.
 	for addr, obj := range s.stateObjects {
 		state.stateObjects[addr] = obj.deepCopy(state)
@@ -740,6 +743,9 @@ func (s *StateDB) Copy() *StateDB {
 		}
 		state.logs[hash] = cpy
 	}
+	if s.stateAccessList != nil {
+		state.stateAccessList = s.stateAccessList.Copy()
+	}
 	return state
 }
 
@@ -775,7 +781,7 @@ type removedAccountWithBalance struct {
 // before the Finalise.
 func (s *StateDB) LogsForBurnAccounts() []*types.Log {
 	var list []removedAccountWithBalance
-	for addr := range s.journal.dirties {
+	for addr := range s.journal.mutations {
 		if obj, exist := s.stateObjects[addr]; exist && obj.selfDestructed && !obj.Balance().IsZero() {
 			list = append(list, removedAccountWithBalance{
 				address: obj.address,
@@ -799,17 +805,20 @@ func (s *StateDB) LogsForBurnAccounts() []*types.Log {
 // Finalise finalises the state by removing the destructed objects and clears
 // the journal as well as the refunds. Finalise, however, will not push any updates
 // into the tries just yet. Only IntermediateRoot or Commit will do that.
-func (s *StateDB) Finalise(deleteEmptyObjects bool) *bal.StateAccessList {
-	addressesToPrefetch := make([]common.Address, 0, len(s.journal.dirties))
-	for addr := range s.journal.dirties {
+func (s *StateDB) Finalise(deleteEmptyObjects bool) *bal.ConstructionBlockAccessList {
+	addressesToPrefetch := make([]common.Address, 0, len(s.journal.mutations))
+	for addr, state := range s.journal.mutations {
 		obj, exist := s.stateObjects[addr]
 		if !exist {
-			// ripeMD is 'touched' at block 1714175, in tx 0x1237f737031e40bcde4a8b7e717b2d15e3ecadfe49bb1bbc71ee9deb09c6fcf2
-			// That tx goes out of gas, and although the notion of 'touched' does not exist there, the
-			// touch-event will still be recorded in the journal. Since ripeMD is a special snowflake,
-			// it will persist in the journal even though the journal is reverted. In this special circumstance,
-			// it may exist in `s.journal.dirties` but not in `s.stateObjects`.
-			// Thus, we can safely ignore it here
+			// RIPEMD160 (0x03) gets an extra dirty marker for a historical
+			// mainnet consensus exception (at block 1714175, in tx
+			// 0x1237f737031e40bcde4a8b7e717b2d15e3ecadfe49bb1bbc71ee9deb09c6fcf2)
+			// around empty-account touch/revert handling.
+			//
+			// That marker survives journal revert, so the account may remain in
+			// s.journal.mutations even though its state object was rolled
+			// back and no longer exists. In that case there is nothing to
+			// finalise or delete, so ignore it here.
 			continue
 		}
 		if obj.selfDestructed || (deleteEmptyObjects && obj.empty()) {
@@ -822,7 +831,43 @@ func (s *StateDB) Finalise(deleteEmptyObjects bool) *bal.StateAccessList {
 			if _, ok := s.stateObjectsDestruct[obj.address]; !ok {
 				s.stateObjectsDestruct[obj.address] = obj
 			}
+			// Aggregate the account mutation into the block-level accessList
+			// if Amsterdam has been activated.
+			if s.stateAccessList != nil {
+				// Notably, if the account is deleted during the transaction,
+				// its pre-transaction nonce, code, and storage must be empty.
+				//
+				// EIP-6780 restricts self-destruct to contracts deployed within
+				// the same transaction, while EIP-7610 rejects deployments to
+				// destinations with non-empty storage, non-zero nonce and non-empty
+				// code.
+				//
+				// Therefore, when an account is deleted, its pre-transaction nonce
+				// code and storage is guaranteed to be empty, leaving nothing to
+				// clean up here.
+				balance := uint256.NewInt(0)
+				if state.balanceSet && balance.Cmp(state.balance) != 0 {
+					s.stateAccessList.BalanceChange(s.blockAccessIndex, addr, balance)
+				}
+			}
 		} else {
+			// Aggregate the account mutation into the block-level accessList
+			// if Amsterdam has been activated.
+			if s.stateAccessList != nil {
+				balance := obj.Balance()
+				if state.balanceSet && balance.Cmp(state.balance) != 0 {
+					s.stateAccessList.BalanceChange(s.blockAccessIndex, addr, balance)
+				}
+				nonce := obj.Nonce()
+				if state.nonceSet && nonce != state.nonce {
+					s.stateAccessList.NonceChange(addr, s.blockAccessIndex, nonce)
+				}
+				if state.codeSet {
+					if code := obj.Code(); !bytes.Equal(code, state.code) {
+						s.stateAccessList.CodeChange(addr, s.blockAccessIndex, code)
+					}
+				}
+			}
 			obj.finalise()
 			s.markUpdate(addr)
 		}
@@ -839,7 +884,7 @@ func (s *StateDB) Finalise(deleteEmptyObjects bool) *bal.StateAccessList {
 	// Invalidate journal because reverting across transactions is not allowed.
 	s.clearJournalAndRefund()
 
-	return s.stateReadList
+	return s.stateAccessList
 }
 
 // IntermediateRoot computes the current root hash of the state trie.
@@ -1052,9 +1097,10 @@ func (s *StateDB) IntermediateRoot(deleteEmptyObjects bool) common.Hash {
 // SetTxContext sets the current transaction hash and index which are
 // used when the EVM emits new state logs. It should be invoked before
 // transaction execution.
-func (s *StateDB) SetTxContext(thash common.Hash, ti int) {
+func (s *StateDB) SetTxContext(thash common.Hash, ti int, blockAccessIndex uint32) {
 	s.thash = thash
 	s.txIndex = ti
+	s.blockAccessIndex = blockAccessIndex
 }
 
 func (s *StateDB) clearJournalAndRefund() {
@@ -1435,7 +1481,7 @@ func (s *StateDB) Prepare(rules params.Rules, sender, coinbase common.Address, d
 	s.transientStorage = newTransientStorage()
 
 	if rules.IsAmsterdam {
-		s.stateReadList = bal.NewStateAccessList()
+		s.stateAccessList = bal.NewConstructionBlockAccessList()
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/core/state/statedb_hooked.go b/core/state/statedb_hooked.go
index c5faa7c98e..98d01343a4 100644
--- a/core/state/statedb_hooked.go
+++ b/core/state/statedb_hooked.go
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ func (s *hookedStateDB) LogsForBurnAccounts() []*types.Log {
 	return s.inner.LogsForBurnAccounts()
 }
 
-func (s *hookedStateDB) Finalise(deleteEmptyObjects bool) *bal.StateAccessList {
+func (s *hookedStateDB) Finalise(deleteEmptyObjects bool) *bal.ConstructionBlockAccessList {
 	if s.hooks.OnBalanceChange == nil && s.hooks.OnNonceChangeV2 == nil && s.hooks.OnNonceChange == nil && s.hooks.OnCodeChangeV2 == nil && s.hooks.OnCodeChange == nil {
 		// Short circuit if no relevant hooks are set.
 		return s.inner.Finalise(deleteEmptyObjects)
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ func (s *hookedStateDB) Finalise(deleteEmptyObjects bool) *bal.StateAccessList {
 	// that state change hooks will be invoked in deterministic
 	// order when the accounts are deleted below
 	var selfDestructedAddrs []common.Address
-	for addr := range s.inner.journal.dirties {
+	for addr := range s.inner.journal.mutations {
 		obj := s.inner.stateObjects[addr]
 		if obj == nil || !obj.selfDestructed {
 			// Not self-destructed, keep searching.
@@ -288,3 +288,7 @@ func (s *hookedStateDB) Finalise(deleteEmptyObjects bool) *bal.StateAccessList {
 	}
 	return s.inner.Finalise(deleteEmptyObjects)
 }
+
+func (s *hookedStateDB) SetTxContext(thash common.Hash, ti int, blockAccessIndex uint32) {
+	s.inner.SetTxContext(thash, ti, blockAccessIndex)
+}
diff --git a/core/state/statedb_hooked_test.go b/core/state/statedb_hooked_test.go
index 6fe17ec1b4..fad234f848 100644
--- a/core/state/statedb_hooked_test.go
+++ b/core/state/statedb_hooked_test.go
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ func TestBurn(t *testing.T) {
 // TestHooks is a basic sanity-check of all hooks
 func TestHooks(t *testing.T) {
 	inner, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, NewDatabaseForTesting())
-	inner.SetTxContext(common.Hash{0x11}, 100) // For the log
+	inner.SetTxContext(common.Hash{0x11}, 100, 101) // For the log
 	var result []string
 	var wants = []string{
 		"0xaa00000000000000000000000000000000000000.balance: 0->100 (Unspecified)",
diff --git a/core/state/statedb_test.go b/core/state/statedb_test.go
index b5ef42b3e0..0bf9b50e7b 100644
--- a/core/state/statedb_test.go
+++ b/core/state/statedb_test.go
@@ -662,26 +662,30 @@ func (test *snapshotTest) checkEqual(state, checkstate *StateDB) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("got GetLogs(common.Hash{}) == %v, want GetLogs(common.Hash{}) == %v",
 			state.GetLogs(common.Hash{}, 0, common.Hash{}, 0), checkstate.GetLogs(common.Hash{}, 0, common.Hash{}, 0))
 	}
-	if !maps.Equal(state.journal.dirties, checkstate.journal.dirties) {
-		getKeys := func(dirty map[common.Address]int) string {
-			var keys []common.Address
-			out := new(strings.Builder)
-			for key := range dirty {
-				keys = append(keys, key)
-			}
-			slices.SortFunc(keys, common.Address.Cmp)
-			for i, key := range keys {
-				fmt.Fprintf(out, "  %d. %v\n", i, key)
-			}
-			return out.String()
-		}
-		have := getKeys(state.journal.dirties)
-		want := getKeys(checkstate.journal.dirties)
-		return fmt.Errorf("dirty-journal set mismatch.\nhave:\n%v\nwant:\n%v\n", have, want)
+	if !equalMutationSets(state.journal.mutations, checkstate.journal.mutations) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("journal mutation set mismatch.\nhave:\n%v\nwant:\n%v\n", state.journal.mutations, checkstate.journal.mutations)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
+// equalMutationSets checks that two journal mutation maps have the same set of
+// addresses and, for each address, the same per-kind counts. The stashed
+// original values are ignored because comparing them across two independent
+// state databases (with distinct pointer identities) isn't the point of this
+// check — we only care that the two journals agree on what was touched.
+func equalMutationSets(a, b map[common.Address]*journalMutationState) bool {
+	if len(a) != len(b) {
+		return false
+	}
+	for addr, sa := range a {
+		sb, ok := b[addr]
+		if !ok || sa.counts != sb.counts {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
 func TestTouchDelete(t *testing.T) {
 	s := newStateEnv()
 	s.state.getOrNewStateObject(common.Address{})
@@ -691,12 +695,54 @@ func TestTouchDelete(t *testing.T) {
 	snapshot := s.state.Snapshot()
 	s.state.AddBalance(common.Address{}, new(uint256.Int), tracing.BalanceChangeUnspecified)
 
-	if len(s.state.journal.dirties) != 1 {
-		t.Fatal("expected one dirty state object")
+	if len(s.state.journal.mutations) != 1 {
+		t.Fatal("expected one mutated state object")
 	}
 	s.state.RevertToSnapshot(snapshot)
-	if len(s.state.journal.dirties) != 0 {
-		t.Fatal("expected no dirty state object")
+	if len(s.state.journal.mutations) != 0 {
+		t.Fatal("expected no journal mutations")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestJournalMutationTracking(t *testing.T) {
+	state, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, NewDatabaseForTesting())
+	addr := common.HexToAddress("0x01")
+	key := common.HexToHash("0x02")
+
+	if _, ok := state.journal.mutations[addr]; ok {
+		t.Fatal("unexpected initial mutation entry")
+	}
+	snapshot := state.Snapshot()
+
+	state.SetBalance(addr, uint256.NewInt(1), tracing.BalanceChangeUnspecified)
+	state.SetNonce(addr, 2, tracing.NonceChangeUnspecified)
+	state.SetCode(addr, []byte{0x1}, tracing.CodeChangeUnspecified)
+	state.SetState(addr, key, common.Hash{0x3})
+
+	want := journalMutationCounts{
+		journalMutationKindCreate:  1,
+		journalMutationKindBalance: 1,
+		journalMutationKindNonce:   1,
+		journalMutationKindCode:    1,
+		journalMutationKindStorage: 1,
+	}
+	checkCounts := func(got *journalMutationState, label string) {
+		t.Helper()
+		if got == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("%s: missing mutation entry for %x", label, addr)
+		}
+		if got.counts != want {
+			t.Fatalf("%s: counts=%+v, want=%+v", label, got.counts, want)
+		}
+	}
+	checkCounts(state.journal.mutations[addr], "state")
+
+	copy := state.Copy()
+	checkCounts(copy.journal.mutations[addr], "copy")
+
+	state.RevertToSnapshot(snapshot)
+	if _, ok := state.journal.mutations[addr]; ok {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected mutation entry after revert")
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/core/state_prefetcher.go b/core/state_prefetcher.go
index ed292d0beb..d99611ff2c 100644
--- a/core/state_prefetcher.go
+++ b/core/state_prefetcher.go
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ func (p *statePrefetcher) Prefetch(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, c
 			// Disable the nonce check
 			msg.SkipNonceChecks = true
 
-			stateCpy.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), i)
+			stateCpy.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), i, uint32(i+1))
 
 			// We attempt to apply a transaction. The goal is not to execute
 			// the transaction successfully, rather to warm up touched data slots.
diff --git a/core/state_processor.go b/core/state_processor.go
index 4bffece7ac..13466b7815 100644
--- a/core/state_processor.go
+++ b/core/state_processor.go
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ func (p *StateProcessor) Process(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, stated
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not apply tx %d [%v]: %w", i, tx.Hash().Hex(), err)
 		}
-		statedb.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), i)
+		statedb.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), i, uint32(i+1))
 		_, _, spanEnd := telemetry.StartSpan(ctx, "core.ApplyTransactionWithEVM",
 			telemetry.StringAttribute("tx.hash", tx.Hash().Hex()),
 			telemetry.Int64Attribute("tx.index", int64(i)),
@@ -109,8 +109,7 @@ func (p *StateProcessor) Process(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, stated
 		allLogs = append(allLogs, receipt.Logs...)
 		spanEnd(nil)
 	}
-	// Run the post-execution system calls
-	requests, err := PostExecution(ctx, config, block.Number(), block.Time(), allLogs, evm)
+	requests, err := PostExecution(ctx, config, block.Number(), block.Time(), allLogs, evm, uint32(len(block.Transactions())+1))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -143,7 +142,7 @@ func PreExecution(ctx context.Context, beaconRoot *common.Hash, parent common.Ha
 // PostExecution processes post-execution system calls when Prague is enabled.
 // If Prague is not activated, it returns null requests to differentiate from
 // empty requests.
-func PostExecution(ctx context.Context, config *params.ChainConfig, number *big.Int, time uint64, allLogs []*types.Log, evm *vm.EVM) (requests [][]byte, err error) {
+func PostExecution(ctx context.Context, config *params.ChainConfig, number *big.Int, time uint64, allLogs []*types.Log, evm *vm.EVM, blockAccessIndex uint32) (requests [][]byte, err error) {
 	_, _, spanEnd := telemetry.StartSpan(ctx, "core.postExecution")
 	defer spanEnd(&err)
 
@@ -155,11 +154,11 @@ func PostExecution(ctx context.Context, config *params.ChainConfig, number *big.
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse deposit logs: %w", err)
 		}
 		// EIP-7002
-		if err := ProcessWithdrawalQueue(&requests, evm); err != nil {
+		if err := ProcessWithdrawalQueue(&requests, evm, blockAccessIndex); err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to process withdrawal queue: %w", err)
 		}
 		// EIP-7251
-		if err := ProcessConsolidationQueue(&requests, evm); err != nil {
+		if err := ProcessConsolidationQueue(&requests, evm, blockAccessIndex); err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to process consolidation queue: %w", err)
 		}
 	}
@@ -268,6 +267,7 @@ func ProcessBeaconBlockRoot(beaconRoot common.Hash, evm *vm.EVM) {
 		Data:      beaconRoot[:],
 	}
 	evm.SetTxContext(NewEVMTxContext(msg))
+	evm.StateDB.SetTxContext(common.Hash{}, 0, 0)
 	evm.StateDB.AddAddressToAccessList(params.BeaconRootsAddress)
 	_, _, _ = evm.Call(msg.From, *msg.To, msg.Data, vm.NewGasBudget(30_000_000), common.U2560)
 	if evm.StateDB.AccessEvents() != nil {
@@ -295,6 +295,7 @@ func ProcessParentBlockHash(prevHash common.Hash, evm *vm.EVM) {
 		Data:      prevHash.Bytes(),
 	}
 	evm.SetTxContext(NewEVMTxContext(msg))
+	evm.StateDB.SetTxContext(common.Hash{}, 0, 0)
 	evm.StateDB.AddAddressToAccessList(params.HistoryStorageAddress)
 	_, _, err := evm.Call(msg.From, *msg.To, msg.Data, vm.NewGasBudget(30_000_000), common.U2560)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -308,17 +309,17 @@ func ProcessParentBlockHash(prevHash common.Hash, evm *vm.EVM) {
 
 // ProcessWithdrawalQueue calls the EIP-7002 withdrawal queue contract.
 // It returns the opaque request data returned by the contract.
-func ProcessWithdrawalQueue(requests *[][]byte, evm *vm.EVM) error {
-	return processRequestsSystemCall(requests, evm, 0x01, params.WithdrawalQueueAddress)
+func ProcessWithdrawalQueue(requests *[][]byte, evm *vm.EVM, blockAccessIndex uint32) error {
+	return processRequestsSystemCall(requests, evm, 0x01, params.WithdrawalQueueAddress, blockAccessIndex)
 }
 
 // ProcessConsolidationQueue calls the EIP-7251 consolidation queue contract.
 // It returns the opaque request data returned by the contract.
-func ProcessConsolidationQueue(requests *[][]byte, evm *vm.EVM) error {
-	return processRequestsSystemCall(requests, evm, 0x02, params.ConsolidationQueueAddress)
+func ProcessConsolidationQueue(requests *[][]byte, evm *vm.EVM, blockAccessIndex uint32) error {
+	return processRequestsSystemCall(requests, evm, 0x02, params.ConsolidationQueueAddress, blockAccessIndex)
 }
 
-func processRequestsSystemCall(requests *[][]byte, evm *vm.EVM, requestType byte, addr common.Address) error {
+func processRequestsSystemCall(requests *[][]byte, evm *vm.EVM, requestType byte, addr common.Address, blockAccessIndex uint32) error {
 	if tracer := evm.Config.Tracer; tracer != nil {
 		onSystemCallStart(tracer, evm.GetVMContext())
 		if tracer.OnSystemCallEnd != nil {
@@ -334,6 +335,7 @@ func processRequestsSystemCall(requests *[][]byte, evm *vm.EVM, requestType byte
 		To:        &addr,
 	}
 	evm.SetTxContext(NewEVMTxContext(msg))
+	evm.StateDB.SetTxContext(common.Hash{}, 0, blockAccessIndex)
 	evm.StateDB.AddAddressToAccessList(addr)
 	ret, _, err := evm.Call(msg.From, *msg.To, msg.Data, vm.NewGasBudget(30_000_000), common.U2560)
 	if evm.StateDB.AccessEvents() != nil {
diff --git a/core/types/bal/access_list.go b/core/types/bal/access_list.go
deleted file mode 100644
index e563fa22e2..0000000000
--- a/core/types/bal/access_list.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,94 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2026 The go-ethereum Authors
-// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
-//
-// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
-// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-// (at your option) any later version.
-//
-// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
-// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
-//
-// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
-// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>
-
-package bal
-
-import (
-	"maps"
-
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
-)
-
-// StorageAccessList represents a set of storage slots accessed within an account.
-type StorageAccessList map[common.Hash]struct{}
-
-// StateAccessList records the set of accounts and storage slots that have been
-// accessed. An entry with an empty StorageAccessList denotes an account access
-// without any storage slot access.
-type StateAccessList struct {
-	list map[common.Address]StorageAccessList
-}
-
-// NewStateAccessList returns an empty StateAccessList ready for use.
-func NewStateAccessList() *StateAccessList {
-	return &StateAccessList{
-		list: make(map[common.Address]StorageAccessList),
-	}
-}
-
-// AddAccount records an access to the given account. It is a no-op if the
-// account is already present.
-func (s *StateAccessList) AddAccount(addr common.Address) {
-	if s == nil {
-		return
-	}
-	if _, exists := s.list[addr]; !exists {
-		s.list[addr] = make(StorageAccessList)
-	}
-}
-
-// AddState records an access to the given storage slot. The owning account is
-// implicitly recorded as well.
-func (s *StateAccessList) AddState(addr common.Address, slot common.Hash) {
-	if s == nil {
-		return
-	}
-	slots, exists := s.list[addr]
-	if !exists {
-		slots = make(StorageAccessList)
-		s.list[addr] = slots
-	}
-	slots[slot] = struct{}{}
-}
-
-// Merge merges the entries from other into the receiver.
-func (s *StateAccessList) Merge(other *StateAccessList) {
-	if s == nil || other == nil {
-		return
-	}
-	for addr, otherSlots := range other.list {
-		slots, exists := s.list[addr]
-		if !exists {
-			s.list[addr] = otherSlots
-			continue
-		}
-		maps.Copy(slots, otherSlots)
-	}
-}
-
-// Copy returns a deep copy of the StateAccessList.
-func (s *StateAccessList) Copy() *StateAccessList {
-	if s == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	cpy := &StateAccessList{
-		list: make(map[common.Address]StorageAccessList, len(s.list)),
-	}
-	for addr, slots := range s.list {
-		cpy.list[addr] = maps.Clone(slots)
-	}
-	return cpy
-}
diff --git a/core/types/bal/bal.go b/core/types/bal/bal.go
index 99ead8d6f0..9cbc1faeb9 100644
--- a/core/types/bal/bal.go
+++ b/core/types/bal/bal.go
@@ -71,8 +71,8 @@ type ConstructionBlockAccessList struct {
 }
 
 // NewConstructionBlockAccessList instantiates an empty access list.
-func NewConstructionBlockAccessList() ConstructionBlockAccessList {
-	return ConstructionBlockAccessList{
+func NewConstructionBlockAccessList() *ConstructionBlockAccessList {
+	return &ConstructionBlockAccessList{
 		Accounts: make(map[common.Address]*ConstructionAccountAccess),
 	}
 }
@@ -169,5 +169,5 @@ func (b *ConstructionBlockAccessList) Copy() *ConstructionBlockAccessList {
 		aaCopy.CodeChange = codes
 		res.Accounts[addr] = &aaCopy
 	}
-	return &res
+	return res
 }
diff --git a/core/vm/interface.go b/core/vm/interface.go
index 487d8002f9..a9938c2a28 100644
--- a/core/vm/interface.go
+++ b/core/vm/interface.go
@@ -98,5 +98,6 @@ type StateDB interface {
 	AccessEvents() *state.AccessEvents
 
 	// Finalise must be invoked at the end of a transaction
-	Finalise(bool) *bal.StateAccessList
+	Finalise(bool) *bal.ConstructionBlockAccessList
+	SetTxContext(thash common.Hash, ti int, blockAccessIndex uint32)
 }
diff --git a/eth/state_accessor.go b/eth/state_accessor.go
index 53dfb7d458..284ddf4305 100644
--- a/eth/state_accessor.go
+++ b/eth/state_accessor.go
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ func (eth *Ethereum) stateAtTransaction(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block,
 		msg, _ := core.TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, block.BaseFee())
 
 		// Not yet the searched for transaction, execute on top of the current state
-		statedb.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), idx)
+		statedb.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), idx, uint32(idx+1))
 		if _, err := core.ApplyMessage(evm, msg, nil); err != nil {
 			return nil, vm.BlockContext{}, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("transaction %#x failed: %v", tx.Hash(), err)
 		}
diff --git a/eth/tracers/api.go b/eth/tracers/api.go
index d9e40f7ec1..0df02388b3 100644
--- a/eth/tracers/api.go
+++ b/eth/tracers/api.go
@@ -530,7 +530,7 @@ func (api *API) IntermediateRoots(ctx context.Context, hash common.Hash, config
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		msg, _ := core.TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, block.BaseFee())
-		statedb.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), i)
+		statedb.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), i, uint32(i+1))
 		if _, err := core.ApplyMessage(evm, msg, nil); err != nil {
 			log.Warn("Tracing intermediate roots did not complete", "txindex", i, "txhash", tx.Hash(), "err", err)
 			// We intentionally don't return the error here: if we do, then the RPC server will not
@@ -681,7 +681,7 @@ txloop:
 
 		// Generate the next state snapshot fast without tracing
 		msg, _ := core.TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, block.BaseFee())
-		statedb.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), i)
+		statedb.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), i, uint32(i+1))
 		if _, err := core.ApplyMessage(evm, msg, nil); err != nil {
 			failed = err
 			break txloop
@@ -793,7 +793,7 @@ func (api *API) standardTraceBlockToFile(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block
 			})
 		)
 		// Execute the transaction and flush any traces to disk
-		statedb.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), i)
+		statedb.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), i, uint32(i+1))
 		if tracer.OnTxStart != nil {
 			tracer.OnTxStart(evm.GetVMContext(), tx, msg.From)
 		}
@@ -1016,7 +1016,7 @@ func (api *API) traceTx(ctx context.Context, tx *types.Transaction, message *cor
 	defer cancel()
 
 	// Call Prepare to clear out the statedb access list
-	statedb.SetTxContext(txctx.TxHash, txctx.TxIndex)
+	statedb.SetTxContext(txctx.TxHash, txctx.TxIndex, uint32(txctx.TxIndex+1))
 
 	_, err = core.ApplyTransactionWithEVM(message, core.NewGasPool(message.GasLimit), statedb, vmctx.BlockNumber, txctx.BlockHash, vmctx.Time, tx, evm)
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/internal/ethapi/simulate.go b/internal/ethapi/simulate.go
index c34970578c..fa2ff2c32b 100644
--- a/internal/ethapi/simulate.go
+++ b/internal/ethapi/simulate.go
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ func (sim *simulator) processBlock(ctx context.Context, block *simBlock, header,
 		tracer.reset(txHash, uint(i))
 
 		// EoA check is always skipped, even in validation mode.
-		sim.state.SetTxContext(txHash, i)
+		sim.state.SetTxContext(txHash, i, uint32(i+1))
 		msg := call.ToMessage(header.BaseFee, !sim.validate)
 		result, err := applyMessageWithEVM(ctx, evm, msg, timeout, gp)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -390,8 +390,8 @@ func (sim *simulator) processBlock(ctx context.Context, block *simBlock, header,
 		header.BlobGasUsed = &blobGasUsed
 	}
 
-	// Run post-execution system calls
-	requests, err := core.PostExecution(ctx, sim.chainConfig, header.Number, header.Time, allLogs, evm)
+	// Process EIP-7685 requests
+	requests, err := core.PostExecution(ctx, sim.chainConfig, header.Number, header.Time, allLogs, evm, uint32(len(block.Calls)+1))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, nil, err
 	}
diff --git a/miner/worker.go b/miner/worker.go
index ccafa20b29..026bafc4e5 100644
--- a/miner/worker.go
+++ b/miner/worker.go
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ func (miner *Miner) generateWork(ctx context.Context, genParam *generateParams,
 		// otherwise, fill the block with the current transactions from the txpool
 		if genParam.forceOverrides && len(genParam.overrideTxs) > 0 {
 			for _, tx := range genParam.overrideTxs {
-				work.state.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), work.tcount)
+				work.state.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), work.tcount, uint32(work.tcount+1))
 				if err := miner.commitTransaction(ctx, work, tx); err != nil {
 					// all passed transactions HAVE to be valid at this point
 					return &newPayloadResult{err: err}
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ func (miner *Miner) generateWork(ctx context.Context, genParam *generateParams,
 	}
 
 	// Collect consensus-layer requests if Prague is enabled.
-	requests, err := core.PostExecution(ctx, miner.chainConfig, work.header.Number, work.header.Time, allLogs, work.evm)
+	requests, err := core.PostExecution(ctx, miner.chainConfig, work.header.Number, work.header.Time, allLogs, work.evm, uint32(work.tcount+1))
 	if err != nil {
 		return &newPayloadResult{err: err}
 	}
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ func (miner *Miner) commitTransactions(ctx context.Context, env *environment, pl
 			continue
 		}
 		// Start executing the transaction
-		env.state.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), env.tcount)
+		env.state.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), env.tcount, uint32(env.tcount+1))
 
 		err := miner.commitTransaction(ctx, env, tx)
 		switch {