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move 'connecting to the network' into interface/

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Felix Lange 2019-11-01 12:16:54 +01:00
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docs/_doc/Connecting-to-the-network.md → docs/_interface/peer-to-peer.md
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@ -1,42 +1,43 @@
--- ---
title: Connecting to the network title: Connecting To The Network
--- ---
## How Peers Are Found ## How Peers Are Found
Geth continuously attempts to connect to other nodes on the network Geth continuously attempts to connect to other nodes on the network until it has peers. If
until it has peers. If you have UPnP enabled on your router or run you have UPnP enabled on your router or run ethereum on an Internet-facing server, it will
ethereum on an Internet-facing server, it will also accept connections also accept connections from other nodes.
from other nodes.
Geth finds peers through something called the discovery protocol. In Geth finds peers through something called the discovery protocol. In the discovery
the discovery protocol, nodes are gossipping with each other to find protocol, nodes are gossipping with each other to find out about other nodes on the
out about other nodes on the network. In order to get going initially, network. In order to get going initially, geth uses a set of bootstrap nodes whose
geth uses a set of bootstrap nodes whose endpoints are recorded in the endpoints are recorded in the source code.
source code.
To change the bootnodes on startup, use the `--bootnodes` option and To change the bootnodes on startup, use the `--bootnodes` option and separate the nodes by
separate the nodes by commas. For example: commas. For example:
geth --bootnodes enode://pubkey1@ip1:port1,enode://pubkey2@ip2:port2,enode://pubkey3@ip3:port3 geth --bootnodes enode://pubkey1@ip1:port1,enode://pubkey2@ip2:port2,enode://pubkey3@ip3:port3
## Common Problems With Connectivity ## Common Problems With Connectivity
Sometimes you just can't get connected. The most common reasons are Sometimes you just can't get connected. The most common reasons are as follows:
as follows:
- Your local time might be incorrect. An accurate clock is required - Your local time might be incorrect. An accurate clock is required to participate in the
to participate in the Ethereum network. Check your OS for how to resync Ethereum network. Check your OS for how to resync your clock (example sudo ntpdate -s
your clock (example sudo ntpdate -s time.nist.gov) because even 12 time.nist.gov) because even 12 seconds too fast can lead to 0 peers.
seconds too fast can lead to 0 peers. - Some firewall configurations can prevent UDP traffic from flowing. You can use the
- Some firewall configurations can prevent UDP traffic from flowing. static nodes feature or `admin.addPeer()` on the console to configure connections by
You can use the static nodes feature or `admin.addPeer()` on the console hand.
to configure connections by hand.
To start geth without the discovery protocol, you can use the `--nodiscover` parameter. You only want this is you are running a test node or an experimental test network with fixed nodes. To start geth without the discovery protocol, you can use the `--nodiscover` parameter.
You only want this is you are running a test node or an experimental test network with
fixed nodes.
## Checking Connectivity ## Checking Connectivity
To check how many peers the client is connected to in the interactive console, the `net` module has two attributes give you info about the number of peers and whether you are a listening node. To check how many peers the client is connected to in the interactive console, the `net`
module has two attributes give you info about the number of peers and whether you are a
listening node.
```js ```js
> net.listening > net.listening
@ -45,7 +46,9 @@ true
4 4
``` ```
To get more information about the connected peers, such as IP address and port number, supported protocols, use the `peers()` function of the `admin` object. `admin.peers()` returns the list of currently connected peers. To get more information about the connected peers, such as IP address and port number,
supported protocols, use the `peers()` function of the `admin` object. `admin.peers()`
returns the list of currently connected peers.
``` ```
> admin.peers > admin.peers
@ -78,6 +81,7 @@ To get more information about the connected peers, such as IP address and port n
``` ```
To check the ports used by geth and also find your enode URI run: To check the ports used by geth and also find your enode URI run:
``` ```
> admin.nodeInfo > admin.nodeInfo
{ {
@ -92,21 +96,18 @@ To check the ports used by geth and also find your enode URI run:
} }
``` ```
## Custom Networks ## Custom Networks
Sometimes you might not need to connect to the live public network, Sometimes you might not need to connect to the live public network, you can instead choose
you can instead choose to create your own private testnet. This is to create your own private testnet. This is very useful if you don't need to test external
very useful if you don't need to test external contracts and want just contracts and want just to test the technology, because you won't have to compete with
to test the technology, because you won't have to compete with other other miners and will easily generate a lot of test ether to play around (replace 12345
miners and will easily generate a lot of test ether to play around with any non-negative number):
(replace 12345 with any non-negative number):
geth -—networkid="12345" console geth -—networkid="12345" console
It is also possible to run geth with a custom genesis block from a JSON file It is also possible to run geth with a custom genesis block from a JSON file by supplying
by supplying the `--genesis` flag. The genesis JSON file should have the following the `--genesis` flag. The genesis JSON file should have the following format:
format:
```js ```js
{ {
@ -132,10 +133,10 @@ format:
## Static nodes ## Static nodes
Geth also supports a feature called static nodes if you have certain Geth also supports a feature called static nodes if you have certain peers you always want
peers you always want to connect to. Static nodes are re-connected to connect to. Static nodes are re-connected on disconnects. You can configure permanent
on disconnects. You can configure permanent static nodes by putting something like static nodes by putting something like the following into
the following into `<datadir>/geth/static-nodes.json`: `<datadir>/geth/static-nodes.json`:
```js ```js
[ [
@ -144,10 +145,9 @@ the following into `<datadir>/geth/static-nodes.json`:
] ]
``` ```
You can also add static nodes at runtime via the js console using [`admin.addPeer()`](../interface/management-apis#admin_addpeer): You can also add static nodes at runtime via the js console using
[`admin.addPeer()`](../interface/management-apis#admin_addpeer):
```js ```js
admin.addPeer("enode://f4642fa65af50cfdea8fa7414a5def7bb7991478b768e296f5e4a54e8b995de102e0ceae2e826f293c481b5325f89be6d207b003382e18a8ecba66fbaf6416c0@33.4.2.1:30303") admin.addPeer("enode://f4642fa65af50cfdea8fa7414a5def7bb7991478b768e296f5e4a54e8b995de102e0ceae2e826f293c481b5325f89be6d207b003382e18a8ecba66fbaf6416c0@33.4.2.1:30303")
``` ```
Caveat: Currently the console is lacking support for removing a peer, increasing peercount or adding a non-static peer but not to keep try reconnecting.