Merge pull request #59 from sei-protocol/tony/pectra

Pectra upgrade
2026-07-25 06:06:44 +00:00 · 2025-06-25 10:42:28 +08:00 · 2025-06-25 10:42:28 +08:00 · bb62a288aa
commit bb62a288aa
parent 23651e4329 3bcf5415a5
1432 changed files with 179886 additions and 75073 deletions
--- a/.github/CODEOWNERS
+++ b/.github/CODEOWNERS
@ -1,22 +1,36 @@
 # Lines starting with '#' are comments.
 # Each line is a file pattern followed by one or more owners.

-accounts/usbwallet              @karalabe
-accounts/scwallet               @gballet
-accounts/abi                    @gballet @MariusVanDerWijden
-cmd/clef                        @holiman
-consensus                       @karalabe
-core/                           @karalabe @holiman @rjl493456442
-eth/                            @karalabe @holiman @rjl493456442
-eth/catalyst/                   @gballet
+accounts/usbwallet/             @gballet
+accounts/scwallet/              @gballet
+accounts/abi/                   @gballet @MariusVanDerWijden
+beacon/engine/                  @MariusVanDerWijden @lightclient @fjl
+beacon/light/                   @zsfelfoldi
+beacon/merkle/                  @zsfelfoldi 
+beacon/types/                   @zsfelfoldi @fjl
+beacon/params/                  @zsfelfoldi @fjl
+cmd/clef/                       @holiman
+cmd/evm/                        @holiman @MariusVanDerWijden @lightclient
+core/state/                     @rjl493456442 @holiman
+crypto/                         @gballet @jwasinger @holiman @fjl
+core/                           @holiman @rjl493456442
+eth/                            @holiman @rjl493456442
+eth/catalyst/                   @MariusVanDerWijden @lightclient @fjl @jwasinger
 eth/tracers/                    @s1na
+ethclient/                      @fjl
+ethdb/                          @rjl493456442
+event/                          @fjl
+trie/                           @rjl493456442
+triedb/                         @rjl493456442
+core/tracing/                   @s1na
 graphql/                        @s1na
-les/                            @zsfelfoldi @rjl493456442
-light/                          @zsfelfoldi @rjl493456442
+internal/ethapi/                @fjl @s1na @lightclient
+internal/era/                   @lightclient
+metrics/                        @holiman
+miner/                          @MariusVanDerWijden @holiman @fjl @rjl493456442
 node/                           @fjl
 p2p/                            @fjl @zsfelfoldi
+rlp/                            @fjl
+params/                         @fjl @holiman @karalabe @gballet @rjl493456442 @zsfelfoldi
 rpc/                            @fjl @holiman
-p2p/simulations                 @fjl
-p2p/protocols                   @fjl
-p2p/testing                     @fjl
 signer/                         @holiman
--- a/.github/workflows/unit_tests.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/unit_tests.yml
@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+
 name: Unit Tests

 on:
@ -52,19 +53,12 @@ jobs:
        run: go get github.com/wadey/gocovmerge && go install github.com/wadey/gocovmerge

      - name: Merge coverage reports
-        run: gocovmerge $(find . -type f -name '*coverage.out') > coverage.txt
+        run: gocovmerge $(find . -type f -name '*profile.out') > coverage.txt

      - name: Check coverage report lines
        run: wc -l coverage.txt
        continue-on-error: true

      - name: Check coverage report files
-        run: ls **/*coverage.out
-        continue-on-error: true
-
-      - name: Upload coverage to Codecov
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
-        with:
-          file: ./coverage.txt
-          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
-          fail_ci_if_error: true
+        run: ls **/*profile.out
+        continue-on-error: true
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@ -4,16 +4,11 @@
 # or operating system, you probably want to add a global ignore instead:
 #   git config --global core.excludesfile ~/.gitignore_global

-/tmp
 */**/*un~
 */**/*.test
 *un~
 .DS_Store
 */**/.DS_Store
-.ethtest
-*/**/*tx_database*
-*/**/*dapps*
-build/_vendor/pkg

 #*
 .#*
@ -28,25 +23,36 @@ build/_vendor/pkg
 /build/bin/
 /geth*.zip

+# used by the build/ci.go archive + upload tool
+/geth*.tar.gz
+/geth*.tar.gz.sig
+/geth*.tar.gz.asc
+/geth*.zip.sig
+/geth*.zip.asc
+
+
 # travis
 profile.tmp
 profile.cov

 # IdeaIDE
 .idea
+*.iml

 # VS Code
 .vscode

-# dashboard
-/dashboard/assets/flow-typed
-/dashboard/assets/node_modules
-/dashboard/assets/stats.json
-/dashboard/assets/bundle.js
-/dashboard/assets/bundle.js.map
-/dashboard/assets/package-lock.json
-
-**/yarn-error.log
-logs/
-
 tests/spec-tests/
+
+# binaries
+cmd/abidump/abidump
+cmd/abigen/abigen
+cmd/blsync/blsync
+cmd/clef/clef
+cmd/devp2p/devp2p
+cmd/era/era
+cmd/ethkey/ethkey
+cmd/evm/evm
+cmd/geth/geth
+cmd/rlpdump/rlpdump
+cmd/workload/workload
--- a/.golangci.yml
+++ b/.golangci.yml
@ -3,16 +3,10 @@
 run:
  timeout: 20m
  tests: true
-  # default is true. Enables skipping of directories:
-  #   vendor$, third_party$, testdata$, examples$, Godeps$, builtin$
-  skip-dirs-use-default: true
-  skip-files:
-    - core/genesis_alloc.go

 linters:
  disable-all: true
  enable:
-    - goconst
    - goimports
    - gosimple
    - govet
@ -24,9 +18,16 @@ linters:
    - staticcheck
    - bidichk
    - durationcheck
-    - exportloopref
+    - copyloopvar
    - whitespace
-
+    - revive # only certain checks enabled
+    - durationcheck
+    - gocheckcompilerdirectives
+    - reassign
+    - mirror
+    - usetesting
+    ### linters we tried and will not be using:
+    ###
    # - structcheck # lots of false positives
    # - errcheck #lot of false positives
    # - contextcheck
@ -39,24 +40,38 @@ linters:
 linters-settings:
  gofmt:
    simplify: true
-  goconst:
-    min-len: 3 # minimum length of string constant
-    min-occurrences: 6 # minimum number of occurrences
+  revive:
+    enable-all-rules: false
+    # here we enable specific useful rules
+    # see https://golangci-lint.run/usage/linters/#revive for supported rules
+    rules:
+      - name: receiver-naming
+        severity: warning
+        disabled: false
+        exclude: [""]

 issues:
+  # default is true. Enables skipping of directories:
+  #   vendor$, third_party$, testdata$, examples$, Godeps$, builtin$
+  exclude-dirs-use-default: true
+  exclude-files:
+    - core/genesis_alloc.go
  exclude-rules:
    - path: crypto/bn256/cloudflare/optate.go
      linters:
        - deadcode
        - staticcheck
+    - path: crypto/bn256/
+      linters:
+        - revive
+    - path: cmd/utils/flags.go
+      text: "SA1019: cfg.TxLookupLimit is deprecated: use 'TransactionHistory' instead."
+    - path: cmd/utils/flags.go
+      text: "SA1019: ethconfig.Defaults.TxLookupLimit is deprecated: use 'TransactionHistory' instead."
    - path: internal/build/pgp.go
      text: 'SA1019: "golang.org/x/crypto/openpgp" is deprecated: this package is unmaintained except for security fixes.'
    - path: core/vm/contracts.go
      text: 'SA1019: "golang.org/x/crypto/ripemd160" is deprecated: RIPEMD-160 is a legacy hash and should not be used for new applications.'
-    - path: accounts/usbwallet/trezor.go
-      text: 'SA1019: "github.com/golang/protobuf/proto" is deprecated: Use the "google.golang.org/protobuf/proto" package instead.'
-    - path: accounts/usbwallet/trezor/
-      text: 'SA1019: "github.com/golang/protobuf/proto" is deprecated: Use the "google.golang.org/protobuf/proto" package instead.'
  exclude:
    - 'SA1019: event.TypeMux is deprecated: use Feed'
    - 'SA1019: strings.Title is deprecated'
--- a/.mailmap
+++ b/.mailmap
@ -5,6 +5,9 @@ Aaron Kumavis <kumavis@users.noreply.github.com>
 Abel Nieto <abel.nieto90@gmail.com>
 Abel Nieto <abel.nieto90@gmail.com> <anietoro@uwaterloo.ca>

+Adrian Sutton <adrian@oplabs.co>
+Adrian Sutton <adrian@oplabs.co> <adrian@symphonious.net>
+
 Afri Schoedon <58883403+q9f@users.noreply.github.com>
 Afri Schoedon <5chdn@users.noreply.github.com> <58883403+q9f@users.noreply.github.com>

@ -22,6 +25,9 @@ Alexey Akhunov <akhounov@gmail.com>

 Alon Muroch <alonmuroch@gmail.com>

+Andrei Silviu Dragnea <andreidragnea.dev@gmail.com>
+Andrei Silviu Dragnea <andreidragnea.dev@gmail.com> <andreisilviudragnea@gmail.com>
+
 Andrey Petrov <shazow@gmail.com>
 Andrey Petrov <shazow@gmail.com> <andrey.petrov@shazow.net>

@ -51,10 +57,15 @@ Chris Ziogas <ziogaschr@gmail.com> <ziogas_chr@hotmail.com>

 Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>

+Daniel Liu <liudaniel@qq.com>
+Daniel Liu <liudaniel@qq.com> <139250065@qq.com>
+
 Diederik Loerakker <proto@protolambda.com>

 Dimitry Khokhlov <winsvega@mail.ru>

+Ha ĐANG <dvietha@gmail.com>
+
 Domino Valdano <dominoplural@gmail.com>
 Domino Valdano <dominoplural@gmail.com> <jeff@okcupid.com>

@ -83,6 +94,9 @@ Gavin Wood <i@gavwood.com>

 Gregg Dourgarian <greggd@tempworks.com>

+guangwu <guoguangwu@magic-shield.com>
+guangwu <guoguangwu@magic-shield.com> <guoguangwug@gmail.com>
+
 Guillaume Ballet <gballet@gmail.com>
 Guillaume Ballet <gballet@gmail.com> <3272758+gballet@users.noreply.github.com>

@ -96,13 +110,21 @@ Heiko Hees <heiko@heiko.org>
 Henning Diedrich <hd@eonblast.com>
 Henning Diedrich <hd@eonblast.com> Drake Burroughs <wildfyre@hotmail.com>

+henridf <henri@dubfer.com>
+henridf <henri@dubfer.com> <henridf@gmail.com>
+
 Hwanjo Heo <34005989+hwanjo@users.noreply.github.com>

+Ikko Eltociear Ashimine <eltociear@gmail.com>
+
 Iskander (Alex) Sharipov <quasilyte@gmail.com>
 Iskander (Alex) Sharipov <quasilyte@gmail.com> <i.sharipov@corp.vk.com>

 Jae Kwon <jkwon.work@gmail.com>

+James Prestwich <james@prestwi.ch>
+James Prestwich <james@prestwi.ch> <10149425+prestwich@users.noreply.github.com>
+
 Janoš Guljaš <janos@resenje.org> <janos@users.noreply.github.com>
 Janoš Guljaš <janos@resenje.org> Janos Guljas <janos@resenje.org>

@ -121,23 +143,38 @@ Jeffrey Wilcke <jeffrey@ethereum.org> <obscuren@users.noreply.github.com>

 Jens Agerberg <github@agerberg.me>

+Jeremy Schlatter <jeremy.schlatter@gmail.com>
+Jeremy Schlatter <jeremy.schlatter@gmail.com> <jeremy@jeremyschlatter.com>
+
+John Chase <68833933+joohhnnn@users.noreply.github.com>
+
 Joseph Chow <ethereum@outlook.com>
 Joseph Chow <ethereum@outlook.com> ethers <TODO>

-
 Joseph Goulden <joegoulden@gmail.com>

 Justin Drake <drakefjustin@gmail.com>

+Karl Bartel <karl.bartel@clabs.co>
+Karl Bartel <karl.bartel@clabs.co> <karl@karl.berlin>
+
 Kenso Trabing <ktrabing@acm.org>
 Kenso Trabing <ktrabing@acm.org> <kenso.trabing@bloomwebsite.com>

+Liyi Guo <102356659+colinlyguo@users.noreply.github.com>
+
+lmittmann <3458786+lmittmann@users.noreply.github.com>
+lmittmann <3458786+lmittmann@users.noreply.github.com> <lmittmann@users.noreply.github.com>
+
 Liang Ma <liangma@liangbit.com>
 Liang Ma <liangma@liangbit.com> <liangma.ul@gmail.com>

 Louis Holbrook <dev@holbrook.no>
 Louis Holbrook <dev@holbrook.no> <nolash@users.noreply.github.com>

+makcandrov <makcandrov@proton.me>
+makcandrov <makcandrov@proton.me> <108467407+makcandrov@users.noreply.github.com>
+
 Maran Hidskes <maran.hidskes@gmail.com>

 Marian Oancea <contact@siteshop.ro>
@ -145,17 +182,33 @@ Marian Oancea <contact@siteshop.ro>
 Martin Becze <mjbecze@gmail.com>
 Martin Becze <mjbecze@gmail.com> <wanderer@users.noreply.github.com>

+Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>
+
 Martin Lundfall <martin.lundfall@protonmail.com>

-Matt Garnett <14004106+lightclient@users.noreply.github.com>
+Marius van der Wijden <m.vanderwijden@live.de>
+Marius van der Wijden <m.vanderwijden@live.de> <115323661+vdwijden@users.noreply.github.com>
+
+Matt Garnett <lightclient@protonmail.com>
+Matt Garnett <lightclient@protonmail.com> <14004106+lightclient@users.noreply.github.com>

 Matthew Halpern <matthalp@gmail.com>
 Matthew Halpern <matthalp@gmail.com> <matthalp@google.com>

+meowsbits <b5c6@protonmail.com>
+meowsbits <b5c6@protonmail.com> <45600330+meowsbits@users.noreply.github.com>
+
 Michael Riabzev <michael@starkware.co>

+Michael de Hoog <michael.dehoog@gmail.com>
+Michael de Hoog <michael.dehoog@gmail.com> <michael.dehoog@coinbase.com>
+
 Nchinda Nchinda <nchinda2@gmail.com>

+Nebojsa Urosevic <nebojsa94@users.noreply.github.com>
+
+nedifi <103940716+nedifi@users.noreply.github.com>
+
 Nick Dodson <silentcicero@outlook.com>

 Nick Johnson <arachnid@notdot.net>
@ -170,6 +223,9 @@ Olivier Hervieu <olivier.hervieu@gmail.com>
 Pascal Dierich <pascal@merkleplant.xyz>
 Pascal Dierich <pascal@merkleplant.xyz> <pascal@pascaldierich.com>

+Paweł Bylica <chfast@gmail.com>
+Paweł Bylica <chfast@gmail.com> <pawel@ethereum.org>
+
 RJ Catalano <catalanor0220@gmail.com>
 RJ Catalano <catalanor0220@gmail.com> <rj@erisindustries.com>

@ -180,8 +236,22 @@ Rene Lubov <41963722+renaynay@users.noreply.github.com>
 Robert Zaremba <robert@zaremba.ch>
 Robert Zaremba <robert@zaremba.ch> <robert.zaremba@scale-it.pl>

+Roberto Bayardo <bayardo@alum.mit.edu>
+Roberto Bayardo <bayardo@alum.mit.edu> <roberto.bayardo@coinbase.com>
+
 Roman Mandeleil <roman.mandeleil@gmail.com>

+Sebastian Stammler <seb@oplabs.co>
+Sebastian Stammler <seb@oplabs.co> <stammler.s@gmail.com>
+
+Seungbae Yu <dbadoy4874@gmail.com>
+Seungbae Yu <dbadoy4874@gmail.com> <72970043+dbadoy@users.noreply.github.com>
+
+Sina Mahmoodi <1591639+s1na@users.noreply.github.com>
+
+Steve Milk <wangpeculiar@gmail.com>
+Steve Milk <wangpeculiar@gmail.com> <915337710@qq.com>
+
 Sorin Neacsu <sorin.neacsu@gmail.com>
 Sorin Neacsu <sorin.neacsu@gmail.com> <sorin@users.noreply.github.com>

@ -192,8 +262,14 @@ Taylor Gerring <taylor.gerring@gmail.com> <taylor.gerring@ethereum.org>

 Thomas Bocek <tom@tomp2p.net>

+tianyeyouyou <tianyeyouyou@gmail.com>
+tianyeyouyou <tianyeyouyou@gmail.com> <150894831+tianyeyouyou@users.noreply.github.com>
+
 Tim Cooijmans <timcooijmans@gmail.com>

+ucwong <ethereum2k@gmail.com>
+ucwong <ethereum2k@gmail.com> <ucwong@126.com>
+
 Valentin Wüstholz <wuestholz@gmail.com>
 Valentin Wüstholz <wuestholz@gmail.com> <wuestholz@users.noreply.github.com>

@ -222,6 +298,9 @@ Xudong Liu <33193253+r1cs@users.noreply.github.com>

 Yohann Léon <sybiload@gmail.com>

+yzb <335357057@qq.com>
+yzb <335357057@qq.com> <flyingyzb@gmail.com>
+
 Zachinquarantine <Zachinquarantine@protonmail.com>
 Zachinquarantine <Zachinquarantine@protonmail.com> <zachinquarantine@yahoo.com>

@ -229,9 +308,4 @@ Ziyuan Zhong <zzy.albert@163.com>

 Zsolt Felföldi <zsfelfoldi@gmail.com>

-meowsbits <b5c6@protonmail.com>
-meowsbits <b5c6@protonmail.com> <45600330+meowsbits@users.noreply.github.com>
-
-nedifi <103940716+nedifi@users.noreply.github.com>
-
 Максим Чусовлянов <mchusovlianov@gmail.com>
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@ -2,33 +2,14 @@ language: go
 go_import_path: github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum
 sudo: false
 jobs:
-  allow_failures:
-    - stage: build
-      os: osx
-      env:
-        - azure-osx
-
  include:
-    # This builder only tests code linters on latest version of Go
-    - stage: lint
-      os: linux
-      dist: bionic
-      go: 1.21.x
-      env:
-        - lint
-      git:
-        submodules: false # avoid cloning ethereum/tests
-      script:
-        - go run build/ci.go lint
-
-    # These builders create the Docker sub-images for multi-arch push and each
-    # will attempt to push the multi-arch image if they are the last builder
+    # This builder create and push the Docker images for all architectures
    - stage: build
      if: type = push
      os: linux
      arch: amd64
-      dist: bionic
-      go: 1.21.x
+      dist: focal
+      go: 1.24.x
      env:
        - docker
      services:
@ -38,44 +19,27 @@ jobs:
      before_install:
        - export DOCKER_CLI_EXPERIMENTAL=enabled
      script:
-        - go run build/ci.go docker -image -manifest amd64,arm64 -upload ethereum/client-go
-
-    - stage: build
-      if: type = push
-      os: linux
-      arch: arm64
-      dist: bionic
-      go: 1.21.x
-      env:
-        - docker
-      services:
-        - docker
-      git:
-        submodules: false # avoid cloning ethereum/tests
-      before_install:
-        - export DOCKER_CLI_EXPERIMENTAL=enabled
-      script:
-        - go run build/ci.go docker -image -manifest amd64,arm64 -upload ethereum/client-go
+        - go run build/ci.go dockerx -platform "linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/riscv64" -hub ethereum/client-go -upload

    # This builder does the Linux Azure uploads
    - stage: build
      if: type = push
      os: linux
-      dist: bionic
+      dist: focal
      sudo: required
-      go: 1.21.x
+      go: 1.24.x
      env:
        - azure-linux
      git:
        submodules: false # avoid cloning ethereum/tests
-      addons:
-        apt:
-          packages:
-            - gcc-multilib
      script:
-        # Build for the primary platforms that Trusty can manage
+        # build amd64
        - go run build/ci.go install -dlgo
        - go run build/ci.go archive -type tar -signer LINUX_SIGNING_KEY -signify SIGNIFY_KEY -upload gethstore/builds
+
+        # build 386
+        - sudo -E apt-get -yq --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends install gcc-multilib
+        - git status --porcelain
        - go run build/ci.go install -dlgo -arch 386
        - go run build/ci.go archive -arch 386 -type tar -signer LINUX_SIGNING_KEY -signify SIGNIFY_KEY -upload gethstore/builds

@ -92,66 +56,36 @@ jobs:
        - go run build/ci.go install -dlgo -arch arm64 -cc aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc
        - go run build/ci.go archive -arch arm64 -type tar -signer LINUX_SIGNING_KEY -signify SIGNIFY_KEY -upload gethstore/builds

-    # This builder does the OSX Azure uploads
-    - stage: build
-      if: type = push
-      os: osx
-      osx_image: xcode14.2
-      go: 1.21.x
-      env:
-        - azure-osx
-      git:
-        submodules: false # avoid cloning ethereum/tests
-      script:
-        - go run build/ci.go install -dlgo
-        - go run build/ci.go archive -type tar -signer OSX_SIGNING_KEY -signify SIGNIFY_KEY -upload gethstore/builds
-        - go run build/ci.go install -dlgo -arch arm64
-        - go run build/ci.go archive -arch arm64 -type tar -signer OSX_SIGNING_KEY -signify SIGNIFY_KEY -upload gethstore/builds
-
    # These builders run the tests
    - stage: build
+      if: type = push
      os: linux
      arch: amd64
-      dist: bionic
-      go: 1.21.x
+      dist: focal
+      go: 1.24.x
      script:
-        - travis_wait 30 go run build/ci.go test $TEST_PACKAGES
+        - travis_wait 45 go run build/ci.go test $TEST_PACKAGES

    - stage: build
-      if: type = pull_request
+      if: type = push
      os: linux
-      arch: arm64
-      dist: bionic
-      go: 1.20.x
+      dist: focal
+      go: 1.23.x
      script:
-        - travis_wait 30 go run build/ci.go test $TEST_PACKAGES
-
-    - stage: build
-      os: linux
-      dist: bionic
-      go: 1.20.x
-      script:
-        - travis_wait 30 go run build/ci.go test $TEST_PACKAGES
+        - travis_wait 45 go run build/ci.go test $TEST_PACKAGES

    # This builder does the Ubuntu PPA nightly uploads
    - stage: build
      if: type = cron || (type = push && tag ~= /^v[0-9]/)
      os: linux
-      dist: bionic
-      go: 1.21.x
+      dist: focal
+      go: 1.24.x
      env:
        - ubuntu-ppa
      git:
        submodules: false # avoid cloning ethereum/tests
-      addons:
-        apt:
-          packages:
-            - devscripts
-            - debhelper
-            - dput
-            - fakeroot
-            - python-bzrlib
-            - python-paramiko
+      before_install:
+        - sudo -E apt-get -yq --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends install devscripts debhelper dput fakeroot
      script:
        - echo '|1|7SiYPr9xl3uctzovOTj4gMwAC1M=|t6ReES75Bo/PxlOPJ6/GsGbTrM0= ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEA0aKz5UTUndYgIGG7dQBV+HaeuEZJ2xPHo2DS2iSKvUL4xNMSAY4UguNW+pX56nAQmZKIZZ8MaEvSj6zMEDiq6HFfn5JcTlM80UwlnyKe8B8p7Nk06PPQLrnmQt5fh0HmEcZx+JU9TZsfCHPnX7MNz4ELfZE6cFsclClrKim3BHUIGq//t93DllB+h4O9LHjEUsQ1Sr63irDLSutkLJD6RXchjROXkNirlcNVHH/jwLWR5RcYilNX7S5bIkK8NlWPjsn/8Ua5O7I9/YoE97PpO6i73DTGLh5H9JN/SITwCKBkgSDWUt61uPK3Y11Gty7o2lWsBjhBUm2Y38CBsoGmBw==' >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts
        - go run build/ci.go debsrc -upload ethereum/ethereum -sftp-user geth-ci -signer "Go Ethereum Linux Builder <geth-ci@ethereum.org>"
@ -160,8 +94,8 @@ jobs:
    - stage: build
      if: type = cron
      os: linux
-      dist: bionic
-      go: 1.21.x
+      dist: focal
+      go: 1.24.x
      env:
        - azure-purge
      git:
@ -173,8 +107,9 @@ jobs:
    - stage: build
      if: type = cron
      os: linux
-      dist: bionic
-      go: 1.21.x
+      dist: focal
+      go: 1.24.x
+      env:
+        - racetests
      script:
-        - travis_wait 30 go run build/ci.go test  -race $TEST_PACKAGES
-
+        - travis_wait 60 go run build/ci.go test -race $TEST_PACKAGES
--- a/300
+++ b/300
@ -1,52 +1,81 @@
 # This is the official list of go-ethereum authors for copyright purposes.

+0xbeny <55846654+0xbeny@users.noreply.github.com>
+0xbstn <bastien-bouge@hotmail.fr>
+0xe3b0c4 <110295932+0xe3b0c4@users.noreply.github.com>
 6543 <6543@obermui.de>
+6xiaowu9 <736518585@qq.com>
 a e r t h <aerth@users.noreply.github.com>
 Aaron Buchwald <aaron.buchwald56@gmail.com>
+Aaron Chen <aaronchen.lisp@gmail.com>
+Aaron Kumavis <kumavis@users.noreply.github.com>
+Aayush Rajasekaran <arajasek94@gmail.com>
 Abel Nieto <abel.nieto90@gmail.com>
+Abirdcfly <fp544037857@gmail.com>
 Adam Babik <a.babik@designfortress.com>
 Adam Schmideg <adamschmideg@users.noreply.github.com>
 Aditya <adityasripal@gmail.com>
 Aditya Arora <arora.aditya520@gmail.com>
+Adrian Sutton <adrian@oplabs.co>
 Adrià Cidre <adria.cidre@gmail.com>
 Afanasii Kurakin <afanasy@users.noreply.github.com>
 Afri Schoedon <5chdn@users.noreply.github.com>
 Agustin Armellini Fischer <armellini13@gmail.com>
+Ahmet Avci <ahmetabdullahavci07@gmail.com>
 Ahyun <urbanart2251@gmail.com>
 Airead <fgh1987168@gmail.com>
 Alan Chen <alanchchen@users.noreply.github.com>
 Alejandro Isaza <alejandro.isaza@gmail.com>
 Aleksey Smyrnov <i@soar.name>
 Ales Katona <ales@coinbase.com>
+alex <152680487+bodhi-crypo@users.noreply.github.com>
 Alex Beregszaszi <alex@rtfs.hu>
+Alex Gartner <github@agartner.com>
 Alex Leverington <alex@ethdev.com>
 Alex Mazalov <mazalov@gmail.com>
+Alex Mylonas <alex.a.mylonas@gmail.com>
 Alex Pozhilenkov <alex_pozhilenkov@adoriasoft.com>
 Alex Prut <1648497+alexprut@users.noreply.github.com>
+Alex Stokes <r.alex.stokes@gmail.com>
 Alex Wu <wuyiding@gmail.com>
+Alexander Mint <webinfo.alexander@gmail.com>
 Alexander van der Meij <alexandervdm@users.noreply.github.com>
 Alexander Yastrebov <yastrebov.alex@gmail.com>
 Alexandre Van de Sande <alex.vandesande@ethdev.com>
 Alexey Akhunov <akhounov@gmail.com>
 Alexey Shekhirin <a.shekhirin@gmail.com>
 alexwang <39109351+dipingxian2@users.noreply.github.com>
+Alfie John <alfiedotwtf@users.noreply.github.com>
 Ali Atiia <42751398+aliatiia@users.noreply.github.com>
 Ali Hajimirza <Ali92hm@users.noreply.github.com>
+Alvaro Sevilla <alvarosevilla95@gmail.com>
 am2rican5 <am2rican5@gmail.com>
+Amin Talebi <talebi242@gmail.com>
+AMIR <31338382+amiremohamadi@users.noreply.github.com>
 AmitBRD <60668103+AmitBRD@users.noreply.github.com>
 Anatole <62328077+a2br@users.noreply.github.com>
+Andre Patta <andre_luis@outlook.com>
 Andrea Franz <andrea@gravityblast.com>
+Andrei Kostakov <bps@dzen.ws>
 Andrei Maiboroda <andrei@ethereum.org>
+Andrei Silviu Dragnea <andreidragnea.dev@gmail.com>
+Andrew Ashikhmin <34320705+yperbasis@users.noreply.github.com>
 Andrey Petrov <shazow@gmail.com>
+Andryanau Kanstantsin <andrianov.dev@yandex.by>
 ANOTHEL <anothel1@naver.com>
 Antoine Rondelet <rondelet.antoine@gmail.com>
 Antoine Toulme <atoulme@users.noreply.github.com>
 Anton Evangelatov <anton.evangelatov@gmail.com>
 Antonio Salazar Cardozo <savedfastcool@gmail.com>
+Antony Denyer <email@antonydenyer.co.uk>
+Anusha <63559942+anusha-ctrl@users.noreply.github.com>
 Arba Sasmoyo <arba.sasmoyo@gmail.com>
 Armani Ferrante <armaniferrante@berkeley.edu>
 Armin Braun <me@obrown.io>
 Aron Fischer <github@aron.guru>
+Arran Schlosberg <519948+ARR4N@users.noreply.github.com>
+ArtificialPB <matej.berger@hotmail.com>
+Artyom Aminov <artjoma@users.noreply.github.com>
 atsushi-ishibashi <atsushi.ishibashi@finatext.com>
 Austin Roberts <code@ausiv.com>
 ayeowch <ayeowch@gmail.com>
@ -54,83 +83,135 @@ b00ris <b00ris@mail.ru>
 b1ackd0t <blackd0t@protonmail.com>
 bailantaotao <Edwin@maicoin.com>
 baizhenxuan <nkbai@163.com>
+Bala Murali Krishna Komatireddy <krishna192reddy@gmail.com>
 Balaji Shetty Pachai <32358081+balajipachai@users.noreply.github.com>
 Balint Gabor <balint.g@gmail.com>
 baptiste-b-pegasys <85155432+baptiste-b-pegasys@users.noreply.github.com>
 Bas van Kervel <bas@ethdev.com>
 Benjamin Brent <benjamin@benjaminbrent.com>
+Benjamin Prosnitz <bprosnitz@gmail.com>
 benma <mbencun@gmail.com>
 Benoit Verkindt <benoit.verkindt@gmail.com>
+Bin <49082129+songzhibin97@users.noreply.github.com>
 Binacs <bin646891055@gmail.com>
+bitcoin-lightning <153181187+AtomicInnovation321@users.noreply.github.com>
+bk <5810624+bkellerman@users.noreply.github.com>
 bloonfield <bloonfield@163.com>
+bnovil <lzqcn2000@126.com>
 Bo <bohende@gmail.com>
 Bo Ye <boy.e.computer.1982@outlook.com>
 Bob Glickstein <bobg@users.noreply.github.com>
 Boqin Qin <bobbqqin@bupt.edu.cn>
+BorkBorked <107079055+BorkBorked@users.noreply.github.com>
 Brandon Harden <b.harden92@gmail.com>
+Brandon Liu <lzqcn2000@126.com>
 Brent <bmperrea@gmail.com>
 Brian Schroeder <bts@gmail.com>
+Brion <4777457+cifer76@users.noreply.github.com>
 Bruno Škvorc <bruno@skvorc.me>
+buddho <galaxystroller@gmail.com>
+bugmaker9371 <167614621+bugmaker9371@users.noreply.github.com>
 C. Brown <hackdom@majoolr.io>
 Caesar Chad <BLUE.WEB.GEEK@gmail.com>
+cam-schultz <78878559+cam-schultz@users.noreply.github.com>
 Casey Detrio <cdetrio@gmail.com>
+caseylove <casey4love@foxmail.com>
 CDsigma <cdsigma271@gmail.com>
+Cedrick <Cedrickentrep@gmail.com>
 Ceelog <chenwei@ceelog.org>
 Ceyhun Onur <ceyhun.onur@avalabs.org>
 chabashilah <doumodoumo@gmail.com>
 changhong <changhong.yu@shanbay.com>
+Charles Cooper <cooper.charles.m@gmail.com>
 Chase Wright <mysticryuujin@gmail.com>
+Chawin Aiemvaravutigul <nick41746@hotmail.com>
 Chen Quan <terasum@163.com>
+chen4903 <108803001+chen4903@users.noreply.github.com>
 Cheng Li <lob4tt@gmail.com>
 chenglin <910372762@qq.com>
 chenyufeng <yufengcode@gmail.com>
+Chirag Garg <38765776+DeVil2O@users.noreply.github.com>
+chirag-bgh <76247491+chirag-bgh@users.noreply.github.com>
 Chris Pacia <ctpacia@gmail.com>
 Chris Ziogas <ziogaschr@gmail.com>
 Christian Muehlhaeuser <muesli@gmail.com>
+Christina <156356273+cratiu222@users.noreply.github.com>
 Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
+Christopher Harrison <31964100+chrischarlesharrison@users.noreply.github.com>
 chuwt <weitaochu@gmail.com>
+cocoyeal <150209682+cocoyeal@users.noreply.github.com>
 cong <ackratos@users.noreply.github.com>
 Connor Stein <connor.stein@mail.mcgill.ca>
 Corey Lin <514971757@qq.com>
 courtier <derinilter@gmail.com>
 cpusoft <cpusoft@live.com>
+crazeteam <164632007+crazeteam@users.noreply.github.com>
 Crispin Flowerday <crispin@bitso.com>
 croath <croathliu@gmail.com>
 cui <523516579@qq.com>
+cui fliter <imcusg@gmail.com>
+cuinix <65650185+cuinix@users.noreply.github.com>
+Curith <oiooj@qq.com>
+cygaar <97691933+cygaar@users.noreply.github.com>
+Dan Cline <6798349+Rjected@users.noreply.github.com>
 Dan DeGreef <dan.degreef@gmail.com>
 Dan Kinsley <dan@joincivil.com>
+Dan Laine <daniel.laine@avalabs.org>
 Dan Sosedoff <dan.sosedoff@gmail.com>
+danceratopz <danceratopz@gmail.com>
 Daniel A. Nagy <nagy.da@gmail.com>
+Daniel Fernandes <711733+daferna@users.noreply.github.com>
+Daniel Katzan <108216499+dkatzan@users.noreply.github.com>
+Daniel Knopik <107140945+dknopik@users.noreply.github.com>
+Daniel Liu <liudaniel@qq.com>
 Daniel Perez <daniel@perez.sh>
 Daniel Sloof <goapsychadelic@gmail.com>
+Danno Ferrin <danno@numisight.com>
+Danyal Prout <me@dany.al>
 Darioush Jalali <darioush.jalali@avalabs.org>
 Darrel Herbst <dherbst@gmail.com>
+Darren Kelly <107671032+darrenvechain@users.noreply.github.com>
+dashangcun <907225865@qq.com>
 Dave Appleton <calistralabs@gmail.com>
 Dave McGregor <dave.s.mcgregor@gmail.com>
 David Cai <davidcai1993@yahoo.com>
+David Dzhalaev <72649244+DavidRomanovizc@users.noreply.github.com>
 David Huie <dahuie@gmail.com>
+David Murdoch <187813+davidmurdoch@users.noreply.github.com>
+David Theodore <29786815+infosecual@users.noreply.github.com>
+ddl <ddl196526@163.com>
+Dean Eigenmann <7621705+decanus@users.noreply.github.com>
+Delweng <delweng@gmail.com>
 Denver <aeharvlee@gmail.com>
 Derek Chiang <me@derekchiang.com>
 Derek Gottfrid <derek@codecubed.com>
+deterclosed <164524498+deterclosed@users.noreply.github.com>
+Devon Bear <itsdevbear@berachain.com>
 Di Peng <pendyaaa@gmail.com>
 Diederik Loerakker <proto@protolambda.com>
 Diego Siqueira <DiSiqueira@users.noreply.github.com>
 Diep Pham <mrfavadi@gmail.com>
+Dimitris Apostolou <dimitris.apostolou@icloud.com>
 dipingxian2 <39109351+dipingxian2@users.noreply.github.com>
 divergencetech <94644849+divergencetech@users.noreply.github.com>
+dknopik <107140945+dknopik@users.noreply.github.com>
 dm4 <sunrisedm4@gmail.com>
 Dmitrij Koniajev <dimchansky@gmail.com>
 Dmitry Shulyak <yashulyak@gmail.com>
 Dmitry Zenovich <dzenovich@gmail.com>
 Domino Valdano <dominoplural@gmail.com>
+DongXi Huang <418498589@qq.com>
 Dragan Milic <dragan@netice9.com>
 dragonvslinux <35779158+dragononcrypto@users.noreply.github.com>
+Dylan Vassallo <dylan.vassallo@hotmail.com>
+easyfold <137396765+easyfold@users.noreply.github.com>
 Edgar Aroutiounian <edgar.factorial@gmail.com>
 Eduard S <eduardsanou@posteo.net>
 Egon Elbre <egonelbre@gmail.com>
 Elad <theman@elad.im>
 Eli <elihanover@yahoo.com>
 Elias Naur <elias.naur@gmail.com>
+Elias Rad <146735585+nnsW3@users.noreply.github.com>
 Elliot Shepherd <elliot@identitii.com>
 Emil <mursalimovemeel@gmail.com>
 emile <emile@users.noreply.github.com>
@ -151,11 +232,13 @@ Evgeny <awesome.observer@yandex.com>
 Evgeny Danilenko <6655321@bk.ru>
 evgk <evgeniy.kamyshev@gmail.com>
 Evolution404 <35091674+Evolution404@users.noreply.github.com>
+Exca-DK <85954505+Exca-DK@users.noreply.github.com>
 EXEC <execvy@gmail.com>
 Fabian Vogelsteller <fabian@frozeman.de>
 Fabio Barone <fabio.barone.co@gmail.com>
 Fabio Berger <fabioberger1991@gmail.com>
 FaceHo <facehoshi@gmail.com>
+felipe <fselmo2@gmail.com>
 Felipe Strozberg <48066928+FelStroz@users.noreply.github.com>
 Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>
 Ferenc Szabo <frncmx@gmail.com>
@ -163,68 +246,102 @@ ferhat elmas <elmas.ferhat@gmail.com>
 Ferran Borreguero <ferranbt@protonmail.com>
 Fiisio <liangcszzu@163.com>
 Fire Man <55934298+basdevelop@users.noreply.github.com>
+FletcherMan <fanciture@163.com>
 flowerofdream <775654398@qq.com>
 fomotrader <82184770+fomotrader@users.noreply.github.com>
+Ford <153042616+guerrierindien@users.noreply.github.com>
 ForLina <471133417@qq.com>
 Frank Szendzielarz <33515470+FrankSzendzielarz@users.noreply.github.com>
 Frank Wang <eternnoir@gmail.com>
 Franklin <mr_franklin@126.com>
+Freeman Jiang <freeman.jiang.ca@gmail.com>
 Furkan KAMACI <furkankamaci@gmail.com>
 Fuyang Deng <dengfuyang@outlook.com>
 GagziW <leon.stanko@rwth-aachen.de>
 Gary Rong <garyrong0905@gmail.com>
 Gautam Botrel <gautam.botrel@gmail.com>
+Gealber Morales <48373523+Gealber@users.noreply.github.com>
+George Ma <164313692+availhang@users.noreply.github.com>
 George Ornbo <george@shapeshed.com>
+georgehao <haohongfan@gmail.com>
+gitglorythegreat <t4juu3@proton.me>
 Giuseppe Bertone <bertone.giuseppe@gmail.com>
 Greg Colvin <greg@colvin.org>
 Gregg Dourgarian <greggd@tempworks.com>
 Gregory Markou <16929357+GregTheGreek@users.noreply.github.com>
+guangwu <guoguangwu@magic-shield.com>
+Guido Vranken <guidovranken@users.noreply.github.com>
 Guifel <toowik@gmail.com>
 Guilherme Salgado <gsalgado@gmail.com>
 Guillaume Ballet <gballet@gmail.com>
+Guillaume Michel <guillaumemichel@users.noreply.github.com>
 Guillaume Nicolas <guin56@gmail.com>
 GuiltyMorishita <morilliantblue@gmail.com>
 Guruprasad Kamath <48196632+gurukamath@users.noreply.github.com>
 Gus <yo@soygus.com>
 Gustav Simonsson <gustav.simonsson@gmail.com>
+Gustavo Silva <GustavoRSSilva@users.noreply.github.com>
 Gísli Kristjánsson <gislik@hamstur.is>
 Ha ĐANG <dvietha@gmail.com>
 HackyMiner <hackyminer@gmail.com>
-hadv <dvietha@gmail.com>
+Halimao <1065621723@qq.com>
 Hanjiang Yu <delacroix.yu@gmail.com>
 Hao Bryan Cheng <haobcheng@gmail.com>
 Hao Duan <duanhao0814@gmail.com>
+haoran <159284258+hr98w@users.noreply.github.com>
+Haotian <51777534+tmelhao@users.noreply.github.com>
 HAOYUatHZ <37070449+HAOYUatHZ@users.noreply.github.com>
 Harry Dutton <me@bytejedi.com>
+Harry Kalodner <harry.kalodner@gmail.com>
 haryu703 <34744512+haryu703@users.noreply.github.com>
+hattizai <hattizai@gmail.com>
 Hendrik Hofstadt <hendrik@nexantic.com>
 Henning Diedrich <hd@eonblast.com>
 henopied <13500516+henopied@users.noreply.github.com>
+henridf <henri@dubfer.com>
+Henry <101552941+henry-0@users.noreply.github.com>
 hero5512 <lvshuaino@gmail.com>
 holisticode <holistic.computing@gmail.com>
 Hongbin Mao <hello2mao@gmail.com>
 Hsien-Tang Kao <htkao@pm.me>
 hsyodyssey <47173566+hsyodyssey@users.noreply.github.com>
+Hteev Oli <gethorz@proton.me>
 Husam Ibrahim <39692071+HusamIbrahim@users.noreply.github.com>
 Hwanjo Heo <34005989+hwanjo@users.noreply.github.com>
 hydai <z54981220@gmail.com>
+hyhnet <cyrusyun@qq.com>
+hyunchel <3271191+hyunchel@users.noreply.github.com>
 Hyung-Kyu Hqueue Choi <hyungkyu.choi@gmail.com>
+Hyunsoo Shin (Lake) <hyunsooda@kaist.ac.kr>
+hzysvilla <ecjgvmhc@gmail.com>
 Håvard Anda Estensen <haavard.ae@gmail.com>
 Ian Macalinao <me@ian.pw>
 Ian Norden <iannordenn@gmail.com>
+Icarus Wu <icaruswu66@qq.com>
 icodezjb <icodezjb@163.com>
-Ikko Ashimine <eltociear@gmail.com>
+ids <tonyhaha163@163.com>
+Ignacio Hagopian <jsign.uy@gmail.com>
+Ikko Eltociear Ashimine <eltociear@gmail.com>
 Ilan Gitter <8359193+gitteri@users.noreply.github.com>
+imalasong <55082705+imalasong@users.noreply.github.com>
 ImanSharaf <78227895+ImanSharaf@users.noreply.github.com>
+imulmat4 <117636097+imulmat4@users.noreply.github.com>
+Inphi <mlaw2501@gmail.com>
+int88 <106391185+int88@users.noreply.github.com>
 Isidoro Ghezzi <isidoro.ghezzi@icloud.com>
 Iskander (Alex) Sharipov <quasilyte@gmail.com>
+Ivan Aracki <aracki.ivan@gmail.com>
 Ivan Bogatyy <bogatyi@gmail.com>
 Ivan Daniluk <ivan.daniluk@gmail.com>
 Ivo Georgiev <ivo@strem.io>
+j2gg0s <j2gg0s@gmail.com>
 jacksoom <lifengliu1994@gmail.com>
+jackyin <648588267@qq.com>
 Jae Kwon <jkwon.work@gmail.com>
-James Prestwich <10149425+prestwich@users.noreply.github.com>
+Jakub Freebit <49676311+jakub-freebit@users.noreply.github.com>
+James Prestwich <james@prestwi.ch>
 Jamie Pitts <james.pitts@gmail.com>
+Janko Simonovic <simonovic86@gmail.com>
 Janoš Guljaš <janos@resenje.org>
 Jared Wasinger <j-wasinger@hotmail.com>
 Jason Carver <jacarver@linkedin.com>
@ -239,42 +356,63 @@ Jeff Wentworth <jeff@curvegrid.com>
 Jeffery Robert Walsh <rlxrlps@gmail.com>
 Jeffrey Wilcke <jeffrey@ethereum.org>
 Jens Agerberg <github@agerberg.me>
+Jens W <8270201+DragonDev1906@users.noreply.github.com>
 Jeremy McNevin <jeremy.mcnevin@optum.com>
 Jeremy Schlatter <jeremy.schlatter@gmail.com>
 Jerzy Lasyk <jerzylasyk@gmail.com>
 Jesse Tane <jesse.tane@gmail.com>
 Jia Chenhui <jiachenhui1989@gmail.com>
 Jim McDonald <Jim@mcdee.net>
+jin <35813306+lochjin@users.noreply.github.com>
 jk-jeongkyun <45347815+jeongkyun-oh@users.noreply.github.com>
 jkcomment <jkcomment@gmail.com>
+Joe Netti <joe@netti.dev>
 JoeGruffins <34998433+JoeGruffins@users.noreply.github.com>
 Joel Burget <joelburget@gmail.com>
 John C. Vernaleo <john@netpurgatory.com>
+John Chase <68833933+joohhnnn@users.noreply.github.com>
 John Difool <johndifoolpi@gmail.com>
+John Hilliard <jhilliard@polygon.technology>
+John Xu <dyxushuai@gmail.com>
 Johns Beharry <johns@peakshift.com>
+Jolly Zhao <zhaolei@pm.me>
 Jonas <felberj@users.noreply.github.com>
 Jonathan Brown <jbrown@bluedroplet.com>
 Jonathan Chappelow <chappjc@users.noreply.github.com>
 Jonathan Gimeno <jgimeno@gmail.com>
+Jonathan Otto <jonathan.otto@gmail.com>
 JoranHonig <JoranHonig@users.noreply.github.com>
 Jordan Krage <jmank88@gmail.com>
+Jorge <jorgeacortes@users.noreply.github.com>
 Jorropo <jorropo.pgm@gmail.com>
 Joseph Chow <ethereum@outlook.com>
+Joseph Cook <33655003+jmcook1186@users.noreply.github.com>
 Joshua Colvin <jcolvin@offchainlabs.com>
 Joshua Gutow <jbgutow@gmail.com>
 jovijovi <mageyul@hotmail.com>
+jp-imx <109574657+jp-imx@users.noreply.github.com>
 jtakalai <juuso.takalainen@streamr.com>
 JU HYEONG PARK <dkdkajej@gmail.com>
 Julian Y <jyap808@users.noreply.github.com>
 Justin Clark-Casey <justincc@justincc.org>
+Justin Dhillon <justin.singh.dhillon@gmail.com>
 Justin Drake <drakefjustin@gmail.com>
+Justin Traglia <95511699+jtraglia@users.noreply.github.com>
 Justus <jus@gtsbr.org>
+KAI <35927054+ThreeAndTwo@users.noreply.github.com>
+kaliubuntu0206 <139627505+kaliubuntu0206@users.noreply.github.com>
+Karl Bartel <karl.bartel@clabs.co>
+Karol Chojnowski <karolchojnowski95@gmail.com>
 Kawashima <91420903+sscodereth@users.noreply.github.com>
+kazak <alright-epsilon8h@icloud.com>
 ken10100147 <sunhongping@kanjian.com>
 Kenji Siu <kenji@isuntv.com>
 Kenso Trabing <ktrabing@acm.org>
+Kero <keroroxx520@gmail.com>
+kevaundray <kevtheappdev@gmail.com>
 Kevin <denk.kevin@web.de>
 kevin.xu <cming.xu@gmail.com>
+Kiarash Hajian <133909368+kiarash8112@users.noreply.github.com>
 KibGzr <kibgzr@gmail.com>
 kiel barry <kiel.j.barry@gmail.com>
 kilic <onurkilic1004@gmail.com>
@ -282,8 +420,10 @@ kimmylin <30611210+kimmylin@users.noreply.github.com>
 Kitten King <53072918+kittenking@users.noreply.github.com>
 knarfeh <hejun1874@gmail.com>
 Kobi Gurkan <kobigurk@gmail.com>
+Koichi Shiraishi <zchee.io@gmail.com>
 komika <komika@komika.org>
 Konrad Feldmeier <konrad@brainbot.com>
+Kosuke Taniguchi <73885532+TaniguchiKosuke@users.noreply.github.com>
 Kris Shinn <raggamuffin.music@gmail.com>
 Kristofer Peterson <svenski123@users.noreply.github.com>
 Kumar Anirudha <mail@anirudha.dev>
@ -296,6 +436,8 @@ Lefteris Karapetsas <lefteris@refu.co>
 Leif Jurvetson <leijurv@gmail.com>
 Leo Shklovskii <leo@thermopylae.net>
 LeoLiao <leofantast@gmail.com>
+Leon <316032931@qq.com>
+levisyin <150114626+levisyin@users.noreply.github.com>
 Lewis Marshall <lewis@lmars.net>
 lhendre <lhendre2@gmail.com>
 Li Dongwei <lidw1988@126.com>
@ -305,36 +447,58 @@ libby kent <viskovitzzz@gmail.com>
 libotony <liboliqi@gmail.com>
 LieutenantRoger <dijsky_2015@hotmail.com>
 ligi <ligi@ligi.de>
+lilasxie <thanklilas@163.com>
+Lindlof <mikael@lindlof.io>
 Lio李欧 <lionello@users.noreply.github.com>
-lmittmann <lmittmann@users.noreply.github.com>
+Liyi Guo <102356659+colinlyguo@users.noreply.github.com>
+llkhacquan <3724362+llkhacquan@users.noreply.github.com>
+lmittmann <3458786+lmittmann@users.noreply.github.com>
+lorenzo <31852651+lorenzo-dev1@users.noreply.github.com>
 Lorenzo Manacorda <lorenzo@kinvolk.io>
 Louis Holbrook <dev@holbrook.no>
 Luca Zeug <luclu@users.noreply.github.com>
+Lucas <lucaslg360@gmail.com>
 Lucas Hendren <lhendre2@gmail.com>
+Luozhu <70309026+LuozhuZhang@users.noreply.github.com>
+lwh <lwhile521@gmail.com>
 lzhfromustc <43191155+lzhfromustc@users.noreply.github.com>
+Maciej Kulawik <10907694+magicxyyz@users.noreply.github.com>
+Madhur Shrimal <madhur.shrimal@gmail.com>
 Magicking <s@6120.eu>
+makcandrov <makcandrov@proton.me>
 manlio <manlio.poltronieri@gmail.com>
+Manoj Kumar <mnjkmr398@gmail.com>
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+Marcin Sobczak <77129288+marcindsobczak@users.noreply.github.com>
+Marcus Baldassarre <baldassarremarcus@gmail.com>
 Marek Kotewicz <marek.kotewicz@gmail.com>
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+Mario Vega <marioevz@gmail.com>
+Marius G <90795310+bearpebble@users.noreply.github.com>
+Marius Kjærstad <sandakersmann@users.noreply.github.com>
 Marius van der Wijden <m.vanderwijden@live.de>
 Mark <markya0616@gmail.com>
 Mark Rushakoff <mark.rushakoff@gmail.com>
+Mark Tyneway <mark.tyneway@gmail.com>
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+markus <55011443+mdymalla@users.noreply.github.com>
+Marquis Shanahan <29431502+9547@users.noreply.github.com>
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 Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>
 Martin Klepsch <martinklepsch@googlemail.com>
 Martin Lundfall <martin.lundfall@protonmail.com>
 Martin Michlmayr <tbm@cyrius.com>
 Martin Redmond <21436+reds@users.noreply.github.com>
+maskpp <maskpp266@gmail.com>
 Mason Fischer <mason@kissr.co>
 Mateusz Morusiewicz <11313015+Ruteri@users.noreply.github.com>
 Mats Julian Olsen <mats@plysjbyen.net>
-Matt Garnett <14004106+lightclient@users.noreply.github.com>
+Matt Garnett <lightclient@protonmail.com>
 Matt K <1036969+mkrump@users.noreply.github.com>
 Matthew Di Ferrante <mattdf@users.noreply.github.com>
 Matthew Halpern <matthalp@gmail.com>
 Matthew Wampler-Doty <matthew.wampler.doty@gmail.com>
+Matthieu Vachon <matt@streamingfast.io>
 Max Sistemich <mafrasi2@googlemail.com>
 Maxim Zhiburt <zhiburt@gmail.com>
 Maximilian Meister <mmeister@suse.de>
@ -342,34 +506,55 @@ me020523 <me020523@gmail.com>
 Melvin Junhee Woo <melvin.woo@groundx.xyz>
 meowsbits <b5c6@protonmail.com>
 Micah Zoltu <micah@zoltu.net>
+Michael de Hoog <michael.dehoog@gmail.com>
 Michael Forney <mforney@mforney.org>
 Michael Riabzev <michael@starkware.co>
 Michael Ruminer <michael.ruminer+github@gmail.com>
 michael1011 <me@michael1011.at>
 Miguel Mota <miguelmota2@gmail.com>
 Mike Burr <mburr@nightmare.com>
+Mikel Cortes <45786396+cortze@users.noreply.github.com>
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+Mikhail Vazhnov <michael.vazhnov@gmail.com>
+miles <66052478+miles-six@users.noreply.github.com>
+Miles Chen <fearlesschenc@gmail.com>
 milesvant <milesvant@gmail.com>
+minh-bq <97180373+minh-bq@users.noreply.github.com>
+Mio <mshimmeris@gmail.com>
 Miro <mirokuratczyk@users.noreply.github.com>
 Miya Chen <miyatlchen@gmail.com>
+mmsqe <mavis@crypto.com>
+Mobin Mohanan <47410557+tr1sm0s1n@users.noreply.github.com>
 Mohanson <mohanson@outlook.com>
+moomin <67548026+nothingmin@users.noreply.github.com>
 mr_franklin <mr_franklin@126.com>
+Mskxn <118117161+Mskxn@users.noreply.github.com>
 Mudit Gupta <guptamudit@ymail.com>
 Mymskmkt <1847234666@qq.com>
 Nalin Bhardwaj <nalinbhardwaj@nibnalin.me>
+nand2 <nicolas@deschildre.fr>
+Nathan <Nathan.l@nodereal.io>
+Nathan Jo <162083209+qqqeck@users.noreply.github.com>
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+Naveen <116692862+naveen-imtb@users.noreply.github.com>
 Nchinda Nchinda <nchinda2@gmail.com>
-nebojsa94 <nebojsa94@users.noreply.github.com>
+Nebojsa Urosevic <nebojsa94@users.noreply.github.com>
 necaremus <necaremus@gmail.com>
 nedifi <103940716+nedifi@users.noreply.github.com>
 needkane <604476380@qq.com>
+Newt6611 <45097780+Newt6611@users.noreply.github.com>
+Ng Wei Han <47109095+weiihann@users.noreply.github.com>
 Nguyen Kien Trung <trung.n.k@gmail.com>
 Nguyen Sy Thanh Son <thanhson1085@gmail.com>
 Nic Jansma <nic@nicj.net>
+Nicholas <nicholas.zhaoyu@gmail.com>
 Nick Dodson <silentcicero@outlook.com>
 Nick Johnson <arachnid@notdot.net>
+Nicola Cocchiaro <3538109+ncocchiaro@users.noreply.github.com>
 Nicolas Feignon <nfeignon@gmail.com>
+Nicolas Gotchac <ngotchac@gmail.com>
 Nicolas Guillaume <gunicolas@sqli.com>
+Nikhil Suri <nikhilsuri@comcast.net>
 Nikita Kozhemyakin <enginegl.ec@gmail.com>
 Nikola Madjarevic <nikola.madjarevic@gmail.com>
 Nilesh Trivedi <nilesh@hypertrack.io>
@ -379,32 +564,47 @@ njupt-moon <1015041018@njupt.edu.cn>
 nkbai <nkbai@163.com>
 noam-alchemy <76969113+noam-alchemy@users.noreply.github.com>
 nobody <ddean2009@163.com>
+noel <72006780+0x00Duke@users.noreply.github.com>
 Noman <noman@noman.land>
+norwnd <112318969+norwnd@users.noreply.github.com>
 nujabes403 <nujabes403@gmail.com>
 Nye Liu <nyet@nyet.org>
+Obtuse7772 <117080049+Obtuse7772@users.noreply.github.com>
 Oleg Kovalov <iamolegkovalov@gmail.com>
 Oli Bye <olibye@users.noreply.github.com>
 Oliver Tale-Yazdi <oliver@perun.network>
 Olivier Hervieu <olivier.hervieu@gmail.com>
+openex <openexkevin@gmail.com>
 Or Neeman <oneeman@gmail.com>
+oseau <harbin.kyang@gmail.com>
 Osoro Bironga <fanosoro@gmail.com>
 Osuke <arget-fee.free.dgm@hotmail.co.jp>
+panicalways <113693386+panicalways@users.noreply.github.com>
 Pantelis Peslis <pespantelis@gmail.com>
+Parithosh Jayanthi <parithosh@indenwolken.xyz>
+Park Changwan <pcw109550@gmail.com>
 Pascal Dierich <pascal@merkleplant.xyz>
 Patrick O'Grady <prohb125@gmail.com>
 Pau <pau@dabax.net>
+Paul <41552663+molecula451@users.noreply.github.com>
 Paul Berg <hello@paulrberg.com>
+Paul Lange <palango@users.noreply.github.com>
 Paul Litvak <litvakpol@012.net.il>
 Paul-Armand Verhaegen <paularmand.verhaegen@gmail.com>
 Paulo L F Casaretto <pcasaretto@gmail.com>
+Pawan Dhananjay <pawandhananjay@gmail.com>
 Paweł Bylica <chfast@gmail.com>
 Pedro Gomes <otherview@gmail.com>
 Pedro Pombeiro <PombeirP@users.noreply.github.com>
+persmor <166146971+persmor@users.noreply.github.com>
+Peter (bitfly) <1674920+peterbitfly@users.noreply.github.com>
 Peter Broadhurst <peter@themumbles.net>
 peter cresswell <pcresswell@gmail.com>
 Peter Pratscher <pratscher@gmail.com>
 Peter Simard <petesimard56@gmail.com>
+Peter Straus <153843855+krauspt@users.noreply.github.com>
 Petr Mikusek <petr@mikusek.info>
+phenix3443 <phenix3443@gmail.com>
 Philip Schlump <pschlump@gmail.com>
 Pierre Neter <pierreneter@gmail.com>
 Pierre R <p.rousset@gmail.com>
@ -412,15 +612,24 @@ piersy <pierspowlesland@gmail.com>
 PilkyuJung <anothel1@naver.com>
 Piotr Dyraga <piotr.dyraga@keep.network>
 ploui <64719999+ploui@users.noreply.github.com>
+PolyMa <151764357+polymaer@users.noreply.github.com>
 Preston Van Loon <preston@prysmaticlabs.com>
 Prince Sinha <sinhaprince013@gmail.com>
+psogv0308 <psogv0308@gmail.com>
+puhtaytow <18026645+puhtaytow@users.noreply.github.com>
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+qcrao <qcrao91@gmail.com>
 qd-ethan <31876119+qdgogogo@users.noreply.github.com>
 Qian Bin <cola.tin.com@gmail.com>
+qiuhaohao <trouserrr@gmail.com>
+Qt <golang.chen@gmail.com>
+Quentin McGaw <quentin.mcgaw@gmail.com>
 Quest Henkart <qhenkart@gmail.com>
+Rachel Bousfield <nfranks@protonmail.com>
 Rachel Franks <nfranks@protonmail.com>
 Rafael Matias <rafael@skyle.net>
 Raghav Sood <raghavsood@gmail.com>
+Rajaram Gaunker <zimbabao@gmail.com>
 Ralph Caraveo <deckarep@gmail.com>
 Ramesh Nair <ram@hiddentao.com>
 rangzen <public@l-homme.com>
@ -430,45 +639,65 @@ rhaps107 <dod-source@yandex.ru>
 Ricardo Catalinas Jiménez <r@untroubled.be>
 Ricardo Domingos <ricardohsd@gmail.com>
 Richard Hart <richardhart92@gmail.com>
+RichΛrd <info@richardramos.me>
 Rick <rick.no@groundx.xyz>
 RJ Catalano <catalanor0220@gmail.com>
 Rob <robert@rojotek.com>
 Rob Mulholand <rmulholand@8thlight.com>
 Robert Zaremba <robert@zaremba.ch>
+Roberto Bayardo <bayardo@alum.mit.edu>
 Roc Yu <rociiu0112@gmail.com>
+Roman Krasiuk <rokrassyuk@gmail.com>
 Roman Mazalov <83914728+gopherxyz@users.noreply.github.com>
 Ross <9055337+Chadsr@users.noreply.github.com>
+Rossen Krastev <rosen4obg@gmail.com>
+Roy Crihfield <roy@manteia.ltd>
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+Ruohui Wang <nomaru@outlook.com>
 Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
 Ryan Schneider <ryanleeschneider@gmail.com>
+Ryan Tinianov <tinianov@live.com>
 ryanc414 <ryan@tokencard.io>
 Rémy Roy <remyroy@remyroy.com>
 S. Matthew English <s-matthew-english@users.noreply.github.com>
 salanfe <salanfe@users.noreply.github.com>
 Sam <39165351+Xia-Sam@users.noreply.github.com>
+Saman H. Pasha <51169592+saman-pasha@users.noreply.github.com>
 Sammy Libre <7374093+sammy007@users.noreply.github.com>
 Samuel Marks <samuelmarks@gmail.com>
+Sanghee Choi <32831939+pengin7384@users.noreply.github.com>
+SangIlMo <156392700+SangIlMo@users.noreply.github.com>
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+SanYe <kumakichi@users.noreply.github.com>
 Sarlor <kinsleer@outlook.com>
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 Satpal <28562234+SatpalSandhu61@users.noreply.github.com>
 Saulius Grigaitis <saulius@necolt.com>
 Sean <darcys22@gmail.com>
+seayyyy <163325936+seay404@users.noreply.github.com>
+Sebastian Stammler <seb@oplabs.co>
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+Seungbae Yu <dbadoy4874@gmail.com>
+Seungmin Kim <a7965344@gmail.com>
 Shane Bammel <sjb933@gmail.com>
 shawn <36943337+lxex@users.noreply.github.com>
 shigeyuki azuchi <azuchi@chaintope.com>
 Shihao Xia <charlesxsh@hotmail.com>
 Shiming <codingmylife@gmail.com>
+Shiming Zhang <wzshiming@hotmail.com>
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 shiqinfeng1 <150627601@qq.com>
+Shivam Sandbhor <shivam.sandbhor@gmail.com>
+shivhg <shivhg@gmail.com>
 Shuai Qi <qishuai231@gmail.com>
 Shude Li <islishude@gmail.com>
 Shunsuke Watanabe <ww.shunsuke@gmail.com>
+shuo <shuoli84@gmail.com>
 silence <wangsai.silence@qq.com>
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 sixdays <lj491685571@126.com>
+sjlee1125 <47561537+sjlee1125@users.noreply.github.com>
 SjonHortensius <SjonHortensius@users.noreply.github.com>
 Slava Karpenko <slavikus@gmail.com>
 slumber1122 <slumber1122@gmail.com>
@ -477,17 +706,29 @@ soc1c <soc1c@users.noreply.github.com>
 Sorin Neacsu <sorin.neacsu@gmail.com>
 Sparty <vignesh.crysis@gmail.com>
 Stein Dekker <dekker.stein@gmail.com>
+Stephen Flynn <ssflynn@gmail.com>
+Stephen Guo <stephen.fire@gmail.com>
 Steve Gattuso <steve@stevegattuso.me>
+Steve Milk <wangpeculiar@gmail.com>
 Steve Ruckdashel <steve.ruckdashel@gmail.com>
 Steve Waldman <swaldman@mchange.com>
 Steven E. Harris <seh@panix.com>
 Steven Roose <stevenroose@gmail.com>
 stompesi <stompesi@gmail.com>
 stormpang <jialinpeng@vip.qq.com>
+storyicon <storyicon@foxmail.com>
+strykerin <dacosta.pereirafabio@gmail.com>
+sudeep <sudeepdino008@gmail.com>
+SuiYuan <165623542+suiyuan1314@users.noreply.github.com>
+Sungwoo Kim <git@sung-woo.kim>
 sunxiaojun2014 <sunxiaojun-xy@360.cn>
 Suriyaa Sundararuban <isc.suriyaa@gmail.com>
 Sylvain Laurent <s@6120.eu>
+Szupingwang <cara4bear@gmail.com>
+tactical_retreat <tactical0retreat@gmail.com>
+Taeguk Kwon <xornrbboy@gmail.com>
 Taeik Lim <sibera21@gmail.com>
+taiking <c.tsujiyan727@gmail.com>
 tamirms <tamir@trello.com>
 Tangui Clairet <tangui.clairet@gmail.com>
 Tatsuya Shimoda <tacoo@users.noreply.github.com>
@ -495,21 +736,35 @@ Taylor Gerring <taylor.gerring@gmail.com>
 TColl <38299499+TColl@users.noreply.github.com>
 terasum <terasum@163.com>
 tgyKomgo <52910426+tgyKomgo@users.noreply.github.com>
+Thabokani <149070269+Thabokani@users.noreply.github.com>
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+therainisme <therainisme@qq.com>
 Thomas Bocek <tom@tomp2p.net>
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 thumb8432 <thumb8432@gmail.com>
 Ti Zhou <tizhou1986@gmail.com>
 tia-99 <67107070+tia-99@users.noreply.github.com>
+tianyeyouyou <tianyeyouyou@gmail.com>
+Tien Nguyen <116023870+htiennv@users.noreply.github.com>
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+TinyFoxy <tiny.fox@foxmail.com>
 Tobias Hildebrandt <79341166+tobias-hildebrandt@users.noreply.github.com>
+tokikuch <msmania@users.noreply.github.com>
+Tom <45168162+tomdever@users.noreply.github.com>
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+trillo <trillo8652@gmail.com>
+Tristan-Wilson <87238672+Tristan-Wilson@users.noreply.github.com>
+trocher <trooocher@proton.me>
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+TY <45994721+tylerK1294@users.noreply.github.com>
 Tyler Chambers <2775339+tylerchambers@users.noreply.github.com>
+tylerni7 <tylerni7@gmail.com>
 tzapu <alex@tzapu.com>
-ucwong <ucwong@126.com>
+ucwong <ethereum2k@gmail.com>
 uji <49834542+uji@users.noreply.github.com>
 ult-bobonovski <alex@ultiledger.io>
+Undefinedor <wanghao@imwh.net>
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 Valentin Wüstholz <wuestholz@gmail.com>
 Vedhavyas Singareddi <vedhavyas.singareddi@gmail.com>
@ -528,39 +783,60 @@ Vitaly V <vvelikodny@gmail.com>
 Vivek Anand <vivekanand1101@users.noreply.github.com>
 Vlad Bokov <razum2um@mail.ru>
 Vlad Gluhovsky <gluk256@gmail.com>
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+wangjingcun <wangjingcun@aliyun.com>
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 Water <44689567+codeoneline@users.noreply.github.com>
 wbt <wbt@users.noreply.github.com>
+Wei Tang <acc@pacna.org>
 weimumu <934657014@qq.com>
 Wenbiao Zheng <delweng@gmail.com>
 Wenshao Zhong <wzhong20@uic.edu>
+Wihan de Beer <debeerwihan@gmail.com>
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 William Morriss <wjmelements@gmail.com>
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 williambannas <wrschwartz@wpi.edu>
+willian.eth <willian@ufpa.br>
+winniehere <winnie050812@qq.com>
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+xiaodong <81516175+javaandfly@users.noreply.github.com>
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+xinbenlv <zzn@zzn.im>
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 xinluyin <31590468+xinluyin@users.noreply.github.com>
+xiyang <90125263+JBossBC@users.noreply.github.com>
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 YaoZengzeng <yaozengzeng@zju.edu.cn>
+ycyraum <ycyraum@fastmail.com>
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+Yier <90763233+yierx@users.noreply.github.com>
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+yihuang <huang@crypto.com>
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 Yole <007yuyue@gmail.com>
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+yong <33920876+yzhaoyu@users.noreply.github.com>
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+ysh0566 <ysh0566@qq.com>
+yudrywet <166895665+yudrywet@users.noreply.github.com>
+yujinpark <petere123123@gmail.com>
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 ywzqwwt <39263032+ywzqwwt@users.noreply.github.com>
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@ -568,24 +844,34 @@ zah <zahary@gmail.com>
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+zhen peng <505380967@qq.com>
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+Zheyuan He <ecjgvmhc@gmail.com>
+Zhihao Lin <3955922+kkqy@users.noreply.github.com>
 zhiqiangxu <652732310@qq.com>
 Zhou Zhiyao <ZHOU0250@e.ntu.edu.sg>
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+zoereco <158379334+zoereco@users.noreply.github.com>
+Zoo <zoosilence@gmail.com>
+Zoro <40222601+BabyHalimao@users.noreply.github.com>
 Zou Guangxian <zouguangxian@gmail.com>
 Zsolt Felföldi <zsfelfoldi@gmail.com>
 Łukasz Kurowski <crackcomm@users.noreply.github.com>
 Łukasz Zimnoch <lukaszzimnoch1994@gmail.com>
 ΞTHΞЯSPHΞЯΞ <{viktor.tron,nagydani,zsfelfoldi}@gmail.com>
 Максим Чусовлянов <mchusovlianov@gmail.com>
+かげ <47621124+ronething-bot@users.noreply.github.com>
+スパイク <1311798+spkjp@users.noreply.github.com>
 大彬 <hz_stb@163.com>
 沉风 <myself659@users.noreply.github.com>
+牛晓婕 <30611384+niuxiaojie81@users.noreply.github.com>
 贺鹏飞 <hpf@hackerful.cn>
 陈佳 <chenjiablog@gmail.com>
 유용환 <33824408+eric-yoo@users.noreply.github.com>
--- a/4
+++ b/4
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ARG VERSION=""
 ARG BUILDNUM=""

 # Build Geth in a stock Go builder container
-FROM golang:1.21-alpine as builder
+FROM golang:1.24-alpine AS builder

 RUN apk add --no-cache gcc musl-dev linux-headers git

@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ COPY --from=builder /go-ethereum/build/bin/geth /usr/local/bin/
 EXPOSE 8545 8546 30303 30303/udp
 ENTRYPOINT ["geth"]

-# Add some metadata labels to help programatic image consumption
+# Add some metadata labels to help programmatic image consumption
 ARG COMMIT=""
 ARG VERSION=""
 ARG BUILDNUM=""
--- a/Dockerfile.alltools
+++ b/Dockerfile.alltools
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ARG VERSION=""
 ARG BUILDNUM=""

 # Build Geth in a stock Go builder container
-FROM golang:1.21-alpine as builder
+FROM golang:1.24-alpine AS builder

 RUN apk add --no-cache gcc musl-dev linux-headers git

@ -14,6 +14,13 @@ COPY go.sum /go-ethereum/
 RUN cd /go-ethereum && go mod download

 ADD . /go-ethereum
+
+# This is not strictly necessary, but it matches the "Dockerfile" steps, thus
+# makes it so that under certain circumstances, the docker layer can be cached,
+# and the builder can jump to the next (build all) command, with the go cache fully loaded.
+#
+RUN cd /go-ethereum && go run build/ci.go install -static ./cmd/geth
+
 RUN cd /go-ethereum && go run build/ci.go install -static

 # Pull all binaries into a second stage deploy alpine container
@ -24,7 +31,7 @@ COPY --from=builder /go-ethereum/build/bin/* /usr/local/bin/

 EXPOSE 8545 8546 30303 30303/udp

-# Add some metadata labels to help programatic image consumption
+# Add some metadata labels to help programmatic image consumption
 ARG COMMIT=""
 ARG VERSION=""
 ARG BUILDNUM=""
--- a/23
+++ b/23
@ -2,26 +2,35 @@
 # with Go source code. If you know what GOPATH is then you probably
 # don't need to bother with make.

-.PHONY: geth android ios evm all test clean
+.PHONY: geth all test lint fmt clean devtools help

 GOBIN = ./build/bin
 GO ?= latest
 GORUN = go run

+#? geth: Build geth.
 geth:
 	$(GORUN) build/ci.go install ./cmd/geth
 	@echo "Done building."
 	@echo "Run \"$(GOBIN)/geth\" to launch geth."

+#? all: Build all packages and executables.
 all:
 	$(GORUN) build/ci.go install

+#? test: Run the tests.
 test: all
 	$(GORUN) build/ci.go test

+#? lint: Run certain pre-selected linters.
 lint: ## Run linters.
 	$(GORUN) build/ci.go lint

+#? fmt: Ensure consistent code formatting.
+fmt:
+	gofmt -s -w $(shell find . -name "*.go")
+
+#? clean: Clean go cache, built executables, and the auto generated folder.
 clean:
 	go clean -cache
 	rm -fr build/_workspace/pkg/ $(GOBIN)/*
@ -29,10 +38,20 @@ clean:
 # The devtools target installs tools required for 'go generate'.
 # You need to put $GOBIN (or $GOPATH/bin) in your PATH to use 'go generate'.

+#? devtools: Install recommended developer tools.
 devtools:
 	env GOBIN= go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/stringer@latest
 	env GOBIN= go install github.com/fjl/gencodec@latest
-	env GOBIN= go install github.com/golang/protobuf/protoc-gen-go@latest
+	env GOBIN= go install google.golang.org/protobuf/cmd/protoc-gen-go@latest
 	env GOBIN= go install ./cmd/abigen
 	@type "solc" 2> /dev/null || echo 'Please install solc'
 	@type "protoc" 2> /dev/null || echo 'Please install protoc'
+
+#? help: Get more info on make commands.
+help: Makefile
+	@echo ''
+	@echo 'Usage:'
+	@echo '  make [target]'
+	@echo ''
+	@echo 'Targets:'
+	@sed -n 's/^#?//p' $< | column -t -s ':' |  sort | sed -e 's/^/ /'
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 ## Go Ethereum

-Official Golang execution layer implementation of the Ethereum protocol.
+Golang execution layer implementation of the Ethereum protocol.

 [![API Reference](
-https://camo.githubusercontent.com/915b7be44ada53c290eb157634330494ebe3e30a/68747470733a2f2f676f646f632e6f72672f6769746875622e636f6d2f676f6c616e672f6764646f3f7374617475732e737667
+https://pkg.go.dev/badge/github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum
 )](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum?tab=doc)
 [![Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum)](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum)
-[![Travis](https://travis-ci.com/ethereum/go-ethereum.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.com/ethereum/go-ethereum)
+[![Travis](https://app.travis-ci.com/ethereum/go-ethereum.svg?branch=master)](https://app.travis-ci.com/github/ethereum/go-ethereum)
 [![Discord](https://img.shields.io/badge/discord-join%20chat-blue.svg)](https://discord.gg/nthXNEv)

 Automated builds are available for stable releases and the unstable master branch. Binary
@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ archives are published at https://geth.ethereum.org/downloads/.

 For prerequisites and detailed build instructions please read the [Installation Instructions](https://geth.ethereum.org/docs/getting-started/installing-geth).

-Building `geth` requires both a Go (version 1.19 or later) and a C compiler. You can install
+Building `geth` requires both a Go (version 1.23 or later) and a C compiler. You can install
 them using your favourite package manager. Once the dependencies are installed, run

 ```shell
@ -40,7 +40,6 @@ directory.
 |   `clef`   | Stand-alone signing tool, which can be used as a backend signer for `geth`.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
 |  `devp2p`  | Utilities to interact with nodes on the networking layer, without running a full blockchain.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
 |  `abigen`  | Source code generator to convert Ethereum contract definitions into easy-to-use, compile-time type-safe Go packages. It operates on plain [Ethereum contract ABIs](https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/develop/abi-spec.html) with expanded functionality if the contract bytecode is also available. However, it also accepts Solidity source files, making development much more streamlined. Please see our [Native DApps](https://geth.ethereum.org/docs/developers/dapp-developer/native-bindings) page for details.                                  |
-| `bootnode` | Stripped down version of our Ethereum client implementation that only takes part in the network node discovery protocol, but does not run any of the higher level application protocols. It can be used as a lightweight bootstrap node to aid in finding peers in private networks.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
 |   `evm`    | Developer utility version of the EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) that is capable of running bytecode snippets within a configurable environment and execution mode. Its purpose is to allow isolated, fine-grained debugging of EVM opcodes (e.g. `evm --code 60ff60ff --debug run`).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
 | `rlpdump`  | Developer utility tool to convert binary RLP ([Recursive Length Prefix](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/data-structures-and-encoding/rlp)) dumps (data encoding used by the Ethereum protocol both network as well as consensus wise) to user-friendlier hierarchical representation (e.g. `rlpdump --hex CE0183FFFFFFC4C304050583616263`).                                                                                                                                                                                |

@ -55,14 +54,14 @@ on how you can run your own `geth` instance.

 Minimum:

-* CPU with 2+ cores
-* 4GB RAM
+* CPU with 4+ cores
+* 8GB RAM
 * 1TB free storage space to sync the Mainnet
 * 8 MBit/sec download Internet service

 Recommended:

-* Fast CPU with 4+ cores
+* Fast CPU with 8+ cores
 * 16GB+ RAM
 * High-performance SSD with at least 1TB of free space
 * 25+ MBit/sec download Internet service
@ -89,7 +88,7 @@ This command will:
   This tool is optional and if you leave it out you can always attach it to an already running
   `geth` instance with `geth attach`.

-### A Full node on the Görli test network
+### A Full node on the Holesky test network

 Transitioning towards developers, if you'd like to play around with creating Ethereum
 contracts, you almost certainly would like to do that without any real money involved until
@ -98,23 +97,23 @@ network, you want to join the **test** network with your node, which is fully eq
 the main network, but with play-Ether only.

 ```shell
-$ geth --goerli console
+$ geth --holesky console
 ```

 The `console` subcommand has the same meaning as above and is equally
 useful on the testnet too.

-Specifying the `--goerli` flag, however, will reconfigure your `geth` instance a bit:
+Specifying the `--holesky` flag, however, will reconfigure your `geth` instance a bit:

- * Instead of connecting to the main Ethereum network, the client will connect to the Görli
+ * Instead of connecting to the main Ethereum network, the client will connect to the Holesky 
   test network, which uses different P2P bootnodes, different network IDs and genesis
   states.
 * Instead of using the default data directory (`~/.ethereum` on Linux for example), `geth`
-   will nest itself one level deeper into a `goerli` subfolder (`~/.ethereum/goerli` on
+   will nest itself one level deeper into a `holesky` subfolder (`~/.ethereum/holesky` on
   Linux). Note, on OSX and Linux this also means that attaching to a running testnet node
   requires the use of a custom endpoint since `geth attach` will try to attach to a
   production node endpoint by default, e.g.,
-   `geth attach <datadir>/goerli/geth.ipc`. Windows users are not affected by
+   `geth attach <datadir>/holesky/geth.ipc`. Windows users are not affected by
   this.

 *Note: Although some internal protective measures prevent transactions from
@ -139,8 +138,6 @@ export your existing configuration:
 $ geth --your-favourite-flags dumpconfig
 ```

-*Note: This works only with `geth` v1.6.0 and above.*
-
 #### Docker quick start

 One of the quickest ways to get Ethereum up and running on your machine is by using
@ -181,14 +178,13 @@ HTTP based JSON-RPC API options:
  * `--http.addr` HTTP-RPC server listening interface (default: `localhost`)
  * `--http.port` HTTP-RPC server listening port (default: `8545`)
  * `--http.api` API's offered over the HTTP-RPC interface (default: `eth,net,web3`)
-  * `--http.corsdomain` Comma separated list of domains from which to accept cross origin requests (browser enforced)
+  * `--http.corsdomain` Comma separated list of domains from which to accept cross-origin requests (browser enforced)
  * `--ws` Enable the WS-RPC server
  * `--ws.addr` WS-RPC server listening interface (default: `localhost`)
  * `--ws.port` WS-RPC server listening port (default: `8546`)
  * `--ws.api` API's offered over the WS-RPC interface (default: `eth,net,web3`)
  * `--ws.origins` Origins from which to accept WebSocket requests
  * `--ipcdisable` Disable the IPC-RPC server
-  * `--ipcapi` API's offered over the IPC-RPC interface (default: `admin,debug,eth,miner,net,personal,txpool,web3`)
  * `--ipcpath` Filename for IPC socket/pipe within the datadir (explicit paths escape it)

 You'll need to use your own programming environments' capabilities (libraries, tools, etc) to
@ -207,113 +203,14 @@ APIs!**
 Maintaining your own private network is more involved as a lot of configurations taken for
 granted in the official networks need to be manually set up.

-#### Defining the private genesis state
+Unfortunately since [the Merge](https://ethereum.org/en/roadmap/merge/) it is no longer possible
+to easily set up a network of geth nodes without also setting up a corresponding beacon chain.

-First, you'll need to create the genesis state of your networks, which all nodes need to be
-aware of and agree upon. This consists of a small JSON file (e.g. call it `genesis.json`):
+There are three different solutions depending on your use case:

-```json
-{
-  "config": {
-    "chainId": <arbitrary positive integer>,
-    "homesteadBlock": 0,
-    "eip150Block": 0,
-    "eip155Block": 0,
-    "eip158Block": 0,
-    "byzantiumBlock": 0,
-    "constantinopleBlock": 0,
-    "petersburgBlock": 0,
-    "istanbulBlock": 0,
-    "berlinBlock": 0,
-    "londonBlock": 0
-  },
-  "alloc": {},
-  "coinbase": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
-  "difficulty": "0x20000",
-  "extraData": "",
-  "gasLimit": "0x2fefd8",
-  "nonce": "0x0000000000000042",
-  "mixhash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
-  "parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
-  "timestamp": "0x00"
-}
-```
-
-The above fields should be fine for most purposes, although we'd recommend changing
-the `nonce` to some random value so you prevent unknown remote nodes from being able
-to connect to you. If you'd like to pre-fund some accounts for easier testing, create
-the accounts and populate the `alloc` field with their addresses.
-
-```json
-"alloc": {
-  "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000001": {
-    "balance": "111111111"
-  },
-  "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000002": {
-    "balance": "222222222"
-  }
-}
-```
-
-With the genesis state defined in the above JSON file, you'll need to initialize **every**
-`geth` node with it prior to starting it up to ensure all blockchain parameters are correctly
-set:
-
-```shell
-$ geth init path/to/genesis.json
-```
-
-#### Creating the rendezvous point
-
-With all nodes that you want to run initialized to the desired genesis state, you'll need to
-start a bootstrap node that others can use to find each other in your network and/or over
-the internet. The clean way is to configure and run a dedicated bootnode:
-
-```shell
-$ bootnode --genkey=boot.key
-$ bootnode --nodekey=boot.key
-```
-
-With the bootnode online, it will display an [`enode` URL](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/networking-layer/network-addresses/#enode)
-that other nodes can use to connect to it and exchange peer information. Make sure to
-replace the displayed IP address information (most probably `[::]`) with your externally
-accessible IP to get the actual `enode` URL.
-
-*Note: You could also use a full-fledged `geth` node as a bootnode, but it's the less
-recommended way.*
-
-#### Starting up your member nodes
-
-With the bootnode operational and externally reachable (you can try
-`telnet <ip> <port>` to ensure it's indeed reachable), start every subsequent `geth`
-node pointed to the bootnode for peer discovery via the `--bootnodes` flag. It will
-probably also be desirable to keep the data directory of your private network separated, so
-do also specify a custom `--datadir` flag.
-
-```shell
-$ geth --datadir=path/to/custom/data/folder --bootnodes=<bootnode-enode-url-from-above>
-```
-
-*Note: Since your network will be completely cut off from the main and test networks, you'll
-also need to configure a miner to process transactions and create new blocks for you.*
-
-#### Running a private miner
-
-
-In a private network setting a single CPU miner instance is more than enough for
-practical purposes as it can produce a stable stream of blocks at the correct intervals
-without needing heavy resources (consider running on a single thread, no need for multiple
-ones either). To start a `geth` instance for mining, run it with all your usual flags, extended
-by:
-
-```shell
-$ geth <usual-flags> --mine --miner.threads=1 --miner.etherbase=0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
-```
-
-Which will start mining blocks and transactions on a single CPU thread, crediting all
-proceedings to the account specified by `--miner.etherbase`. You can further tune the mining
-by changing the default gas limit blocks converge to (`--miner.targetgaslimit`) and the price
-transactions are accepted at (`--miner.gasprice`).
+  * If you are looking for a simple way to test smart contracts from go in your CI, you can use the [Simulated Backend](https://geth.ethereum.org/docs/developers/dapp-developer/native-bindings#blockchain-simulator).
+  * If you want a convenient single node environment for testing, you can use our [Dev Mode](https://geth.ethereum.org/docs/developers/dapp-developer/dev-mode).
+  * If you are looking for a multiple node test network, you can set one up quite easily with [Kurtosis](https://geth.ethereum.org/docs/fundamentals/kurtosis).

 ## Contribution

--- a/SECURITY.md
+++ b/SECURITY.md
@ -29,147 +29,69 @@ Fingerprint: `AE96 ED96 9E47 9B00 84F3 E17F E88D 3334 FA5F 6A0A`

 ```
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+RSLNEhJZJsMMFLf8RAQPXmshG1ZixY2ZliNe/TTm6eEfFCw0KcQxoX9LmurLWE9w
+dIKgn1/nQ04GFnmtcq3hVxY/m9BvzY1jmZXNd4TdpfrPXhi0W/GDn53ERFPJmw5L
+F8ogxzD/ekxzyd9nCCgtzkamtBKDJk35x/MoVWMLjD5k6P+yW7YY4xMQliSJHKss
+leLnaPpgDBi4KPtLxPswgFqObcy4TNse07rFO4AyHf11FBwMTEfuODCOMnQTpi3z
+Zx6KxvS3BEY36abjvwrqsmt8dJ/+/QXT0e82fo2kJ65sXIszez3e0VUZ8KrMp+wd
+X0GWYWAfqXws6HrQFYfIpEE0Vz9gXDxEOTFZ2FoVIvIHyRfyDrAIz3wZLmnLGk1h
+l3CDjHF0Wigv0CacIQ1V1aYp3NhIVwAvShQ+qS5nFgik6UZnjjWibobOm3yQDzll
+6F7hEeTW+gnXEI2gPjfb5w==
+=b5eA
+-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
 ```
--- a/accounts/abi/abi.go
+++ b/accounts/abi/abi.go
@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ import (
 )

 // The ABI holds information about a contract's context and available
-// invokable methods. It will allow you to type check function calls and
+// invocable methods. It will allow you to type check function calls and
 // packs data accordingly.
 type ABI struct {
 	Constructor Method
@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ func (abi ABI) Pack(name string, args ...interface{}) ([]byte, error) {

 func (abi ABI) getArguments(name string, data []byte) (Arguments, error) {
 	// since there can't be naming collisions with contracts and events,
-	// we need to decide whether we're calling a method or an event
+	// we need to decide whether we're calling a method, event or an error
 	var args Arguments
 	if method, ok := abi.Methods[name]; ok {
 		if len(data)%32 != 0 {
@ -95,8 +95,11 @@ func (abi ABI) getArguments(name string, data []byte) (Arguments, error) {
 	if event, ok := abi.Events[name]; ok {
 		args = event.Inputs
 	}
+	if err, ok := abi.Errors[name]; ok {
+		args = err.Inputs
+	}
 	if args == nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("abi: could not locate named method or event: %s", name)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("abi: could not locate named method, event or error: %s", name)
 	}
 	return args, nil
 }
@ -251,7 +254,7 @@ var revertSelector = crypto.Keccak256([]byte("Error(string)"))[:4]
 var panicSelector = crypto.Keccak256([]byte("Panic(uint256)"))[:4]

 // panicReasons map is for readable panic codes
-// see this linkage for the deails
+// see this linkage for the details
 // https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/v0.8.21/control-structures.html#panic-via-assert-and-error-via-require
 // the reason string list is copied from ether.js
 // https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/blob/fa3a883ff7c88611ce766f58bdd4b8ac90814470/src.ts/abi/interface.ts#L207-L218
--- a/accounts/abi/abi_test.go
+++ b/accounts/abi/abi_test.go
@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/math"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/testrand"
 )

 const jsondata = `
@ -317,6 +318,38 @@ func TestCustomErrors(t *testing.T) {
 	check("MyError", "MyError(uint256)")
 }

+func TestCustomErrorUnpackIntoInterface(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	errorName := "MyError"
+	json := fmt.Sprintf(`[{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"sender","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"balance","type":"uint256"}],"name":"%s","type":"error"}]`, errorName)
+	abi, err := JSON(strings.NewReader(json))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	type MyError struct {
+		Sender  common.Address
+		Balance *big.Int
+	}
+
+	sender := testrand.Address()
+	balance := new(big.Int).SetBytes(testrand.Bytes(8))
+	encoded, err := abi.Errors[errorName].Inputs.Pack(sender, balance)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	result := MyError{}
+	err = abi.UnpackIntoInterface(&result, errorName, encoded)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if result.Sender != sender {
+		t.Errorf("expected %x got %x", sender, result.Sender)
+	}
+	if result.Balance.Cmp(balance) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected %v got %v", balance, result.Balance)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestMultiPack(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	abi, err := JSON(strings.NewReader(jsondata))
@ -1199,7 +1232,6 @@ func TestUnpackRevert(t *testing.T) {
 		{"4e487b7100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ff", "unknown panic code: 0xff", nil},
 	}
 	for index, c := range cases {
-		index, c := index, c
 		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("case %d", index), func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()
 			got, err := UnpackRevert(common.Hex2Bytes(c.input))
@ -1218,3 +1250,10 @@ func TestUnpackRevert(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestInternalContractType(t *testing.T) {
+	jsonData := `[{"inputs":[{"components":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"dailyLimit","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"txLimit","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"accountDailyLimit","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"minAmount","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"bool","name":"onlyWhitelisted","type":"bool"}],"internalType":"struct IMessagePassingBridge.BridgeLimits","name":"bridgeLimits","type":"tuple"},{"components":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"lastTransferReset","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"bridged24Hours","type":"uint256"}],"internalType":"struct IMessagePassingBridge.AccountLimit","name":"accountDailyLimit","type":"tuple"},{"components":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"lastTransferReset","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"bridged24Hours","type":"uint256"}],"internalType":"struct IMessagePassingBridge.BridgeDailyLimit","name":"bridgeDailyLimit","type":"tuple"},{"internalType":"contract INameService","name":"nameService","type":"INameService"},{"internalType":"bool","name":"isClosed","type":"bool"},{"internalType":"address","name":"from","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"canBridge","outputs":[{"internalType":"bool","name":"isWithinLimit","type":"bool"},{"internalType":"string","name":"error","type":"string"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint8","name":"decimals","type":"uint8"}],"name":"normalizeFrom18ToTokenDecimals","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"normalized","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"pure","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint8","name":"decimals","type":"uint8"}],"name":"normalizeFromTokenTo18Decimals","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"normalized","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"pure","type":"function"}]`
+	if _, err := JSON(strings.NewReader(jsonData)); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
--- a/accounts/abi/argument.go
+++ b/accounts/abi/argument.go
@ -77,18 +77,18 @@ func (arguments Arguments) isTuple() bool {
 }

 // Unpack performs the operation hexdata -> Go format.
-func (arguments Arguments) Unpack(data []byte) ([]interface{}, error) {
+func (arguments Arguments) Unpack(data []byte) ([]any, error) {
 	if len(data) == 0 {
 		if len(arguments.NonIndexed()) != 0 {
 			return nil, errors.New("abi: attempting to unmarshal an empty string while arguments are expected")
 		}
-		return make([]interface{}, 0), nil
+		return make([]any, 0), nil
 	}
 	return arguments.UnpackValues(data)
 }

 // UnpackIntoMap performs the operation hexdata -> mapping of argument name to argument value.
-func (arguments Arguments) UnpackIntoMap(v map[string]interface{}, data []byte) error {
+func (arguments Arguments) UnpackIntoMap(v map[string]any, data []byte) error {
 	// Make sure map is not nil
 	if v == nil {
 		return errors.New("abi: cannot unpack into a nil map")
@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ func (arguments Arguments) UnpackIntoMap(v map[string]interface{}, data []byte)
 }

 // Copy performs the operation go format -> provided struct.
-func (arguments Arguments) Copy(v interface{}, values []interface{}) error {
+func (arguments Arguments) Copy(v any, values []any) error {
 	// make sure the passed value is arguments pointer
 	if reflect.Ptr != reflect.ValueOf(v).Kind() {
 		return fmt.Errorf("abi: Unpack(non-pointer %T)", v)
@ -127,8 +127,8 @@ func (arguments Arguments) Copy(v interface{}, values []interface{}) error {
 	return arguments.copyAtomic(v, values[0])
 }

-// unpackAtomic unpacks ( hexdata -> go ) a single value
-func (arguments Arguments) copyAtomic(v interface{}, marshalledValues interface{}) error {
+// copyAtomic copies ( hexdata -> go ) a single value
+func (arguments Arguments) copyAtomic(v any, marshalledValues any) error {
 	dst := reflect.ValueOf(v).Elem()
 	src := reflect.ValueOf(marshalledValues)

@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ func (arguments Arguments) copyAtomic(v interface{}, marshalledValues interface{
 }

 // copyTuple copies a batch of values from marshalledValues to v.
-func (arguments Arguments) copyTuple(v interface{}, marshalledValues []interface{}) error {
+func (arguments Arguments) copyTuple(v any, marshalledValues []any) error {
 	value := reflect.ValueOf(v).Elem()
 	nonIndexedArgs := arguments.NonIndexed()

@ -181,11 +181,17 @@ func (arguments Arguments) copyTuple(v interface{}, marshalledValues []interface
 // UnpackValues can be used to unpack ABI-encoded hexdata according to the ABI-specification,
 // without supplying a struct to unpack into. Instead, this method returns a list containing the
 // values. An atomic argument will be a list with one element.
-func (arguments Arguments) UnpackValues(data []byte) ([]interface{}, error) {
-	nonIndexedArgs := arguments.NonIndexed()
-	retval := make([]interface{}, 0, len(nonIndexedArgs))
-	virtualArgs := 0
-	for index, arg := range nonIndexedArgs {
+func (arguments Arguments) UnpackValues(data []byte) ([]any, error) {
+	var (
+		retval      = make([]any, 0)
+		virtualArgs = 0
+		index       = 0
+	)
+
+	for _, arg := range arguments {
+		if arg.Indexed {
+			continue
+		}
 		marshalledValue, err := toGoType((index+virtualArgs)*32, arg.Type, data)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
@ -208,18 +214,19 @@ func (arguments Arguments) UnpackValues(data []byte) ([]interface{}, error) {
 			virtualArgs += getTypeSize(arg.Type)/32 - 1
 		}
 		retval = append(retval, marshalledValue)
+		index++
 	}
 	return retval, nil
 }

 // PackValues performs the operation Go format -> Hexdata.
 // It is the semantic opposite of UnpackValues.
-func (arguments Arguments) PackValues(args []interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
+func (arguments Arguments) PackValues(args []any) ([]byte, error) {
 	return arguments.Pack(args...)
 }

 // Pack performs the operation Go format -> Hexdata.
-func (arguments Arguments) Pack(args ...interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
+func (arguments Arguments) Pack(args ...any) ([]byte, error) {
 	// Make sure arguments match up and pack them
 	abiArgs := arguments
 	if len(args) != len(abiArgs) {
--- a/accounts/abi/bind/auth.go
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/auth.go
@ -1,179 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2016 The go-ethereum Authors
-// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
-//
-// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
-// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-// (at your option) any later version.
-//
-// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
-// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
-//
-// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
-// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-package bind
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"crypto/ecdsa"
-	"errors"
-	"io"
-	"math/big"
-
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/external"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/keystore"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
-)
-
-// ErrNoChainID is returned whenever the user failed to specify a chain id.
-var ErrNoChainID = errors.New("no chain id specified")
-
-// ErrNotAuthorized is returned when an account is not properly unlocked.
-var ErrNotAuthorized = errors.New("not authorized to sign this account")
-
-// NewTransactor is a utility method to easily create a transaction signer from
-// an encrypted json key stream and the associated passphrase.
-//
-// Deprecated: Use NewTransactorWithChainID instead.
-func NewTransactor(keyin io.Reader, passphrase string) (*TransactOpts, error) {
-	log.Warn("WARNING: NewTransactor has been deprecated in favour of NewTransactorWithChainID")
-	json, err := io.ReadAll(keyin)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	key, err := keystore.DecryptKey(json, passphrase)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return NewKeyedTransactor(key.PrivateKey), nil
-}
-
-// NewKeyStoreTransactor is a utility method to easily create a transaction signer from
-// a decrypted key from a keystore.
-//
-// Deprecated: Use NewKeyStoreTransactorWithChainID instead.
-func NewKeyStoreTransactor(keystore *keystore.KeyStore, account accounts.Account) (*TransactOpts, error) {
-	log.Warn("WARNING: NewKeyStoreTransactor has been deprecated in favour of NewTransactorWithChainID")
-	signer := types.HomesteadSigner{}
-	return &TransactOpts{
-		From: account.Address,
-		Signer: func(address common.Address, tx *types.Transaction) (*types.Transaction, error) {
-			if address != account.Address {
-				return nil, ErrNotAuthorized
-			}
-			signature, err := keystore.SignHash(account, signer.Hash(tx).Bytes())
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			return tx.WithSignature(signer, signature)
-		},
-		Context: context.Background(),
-	}, nil
-}
-
-// NewKeyedTransactor is a utility method to easily create a transaction signer
-// from a single private key.
-//
-// Deprecated: Use NewKeyedTransactorWithChainID instead.
-func NewKeyedTransactor(key *ecdsa.PrivateKey) *TransactOpts {
-	log.Warn("WARNING: NewKeyedTransactor has been deprecated in favour of NewKeyedTransactorWithChainID")
-	keyAddr := crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key.PublicKey)
-	signer := types.HomesteadSigner{}
-	return &TransactOpts{
-		From: keyAddr,
-		Signer: func(address common.Address, tx *types.Transaction) (*types.Transaction, error) {
-			if address != keyAddr {
-				return nil, ErrNotAuthorized
-			}
-			signature, err := crypto.Sign(signer.Hash(tx).Bytes(), key)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			return tx.WithSignature(signer, signature)
-		},
-		Context: context.Background(),
-	}
-}
-
-// NewTransactorWithChainID is a utility method to easily create a transaction signer from
-// an encrypted json key stream and the associated passphrase.
-func NewTransactorWithChainID(keyin io.Reader, passphrase string, chainID *big.Int) (*TransactOpts, error) {
-	json, err := io.ReadAll(keyin)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	key, err := keystore.DecryptKey(json, passphrase)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return NewKeyedTransactorWithChainID(key.PrivateKey, chainID)
-}
-
-// NewKeyStoreTransactorWithChainID is a utility method to easily create a transaction signer from
-// an decrypted key from a keystore.
-func NewKeyStoreTransactorWithChainID(keystore *keystore.KeyStore, account accounts.Account, chainID *big.Int) (*TransactOpts, error) {
-	if chainID == nil {
-		return nil, ErrNoChainID
-	}
-	signer := types.LatestSignerForChainID(chainID)
-	return &TransactOpts{
-		From: account.Address,
-		Signer: func(address common.Address, tx *types.Transaction) (*types.Transaction, error) {
-			if address != account.Address {
-				return nil, ErrNotAuthorized
-			}
-			signature, err := keystore.SignHash(account, signer.Hash(tx).Bytes())
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			return tx.WithSignature(signer, signature)
-		},
-		Context: context.Background(),
-	}, nil
-}
-
-// NewKeyedTransactorWithChainID is a utility method to easily create a transaction signer
-// from a single private key.
-func NewKeyedTransactorWithChainID(key *ecdsa.PrivateKey, chainID *big.Int) (*TransactOpts, error) {
-	keyAddr := crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key.PublicKey)
-	if chainID == nil {
-		return nil, ErrNoChainID
-	}
-	signer := types.LatestSignerForChainID(chainID)
-	return &TransactOpts{
-		From: keyAddr,
-		Signer: func(address common.Address, tx *types.Transaction) (*types.Transaction, error) {
-			if address != keyAddr {
-				return nil, ErrNotAuthorized
-			}
-			signature, err := crypto.Sign(signer.Hash(tx).Bytes(), key)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			return tx.WithSignature(signer, signature)
-		},
-		Context: context.Background(),
-	}, nil
-}
-
-// NewClefTransactor is a utility method to easily create a transaction signer
-// with a clef backend.
-func NewClefTransactor(clef *external.ExternalSigner, account accounts.Account) *TransactOpts {
-	return &TransactOpts{
-		From: account.Address,
-		Signer: func(address common.Address, transaction *types.Transaction) (*types.Transaction, error) {
-			if address != account.Address {
-				return nil, ErrNotAuthorized
-			}
-			return clef.SignTx(account, transaction, nil) // Clef enforces its own chain id
-		},
-		Context: context.Background(),
-	}
-}
--- a/accounts/abi/bind/bind.go
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/bind.go
@ -1,496 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2016 The go-ethereum Authors
-// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
-//
-// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
-// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-// (at your option) any later version.
-//
-// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
-// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
-//
-// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
-// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-// Package bind generates Ethereum contract Go bindings.
-//
-// Detailed usage document and tutorial available on the go-ethereum Wiki page:
-// https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/wiki/Native-DApps:-Go-bindings-to-Ethereum-contracts
-package bind
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"fmt"
-	"go/format"
-	"regexp"
-	"strings"
-	"text/template"
-	"unicode"
-
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
-)
-
-// Lang is a target programming language selector to generate bindings for.
-type Lang int
-
-const (
-	LangGo Lang = iota
-)
-
-func isKeyWord(arg string) bool {
-	switch arg {
-	case "break":
-	case "case":
-	case "chan":
-	case "const":
-	case "continue":
-	case "default":
-	case "defer":
-	case "else":
-	case "fallthrough":
-	case "for":
-	case "func":
-	case "go":
-	case "goto":
-	case "if":
-	case "import":
-	case "interface":
-	case "iota":
-	case "map":
-	case "make":
-	case "new":
-	case "package":
-	case "range":
-	case "return":
-	case "select":
-	case "struct":
-	case "switch":
-	case "type":
-	case "var":
-	default:
-		return false
-	}
-
-	return true
-}
-
-// Bind generates a Go wrapper around a contract ABI. This wrapper isn't meant
-// to be used as is in client code, but rather as an intermediate struct which
-// enforces compile time type safety and naming convention opposed to having to
-// manually maintain hard coded strings that break on runtime.
-func Bind(types []string, abis []string, bytecodes []string, fsigs []map[string]string, pkg string, lang Lang, libs map[string]string, aliases map[string]string) (string, error) {
-	var (
-		// contracts is the map of each individual contract requested binding
-		contracts = make(map[string]*tmplContract)
-
-		// structs is the map of all redeclared structs shared by passed contracts.
-		structs = make(map[string]*tmplStruct)
-
-		// isLib is the map used to flag each encountered library as such
-		isLib = make(map[string]struct{})
-	)
-	for i := 0; i < len(types); i++ {
-		// Parse the actual ABI to generate the binding for
-		evmABI, err := abi.JSON(strings.NewReader(abis[i]))
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", err
-		}
-		// Strip any whitespace from the JSON ABI
-		strippedABI := strings.Map(func(r rune) rune {
-			if unicode.IsSpace(r) {
-				return -1
-			}
-			return r
-		}, abis[i])
-
-		// Extract the call and transact methods; events, struct definitions; and sort them alphabetically
-		var (
-			calls     = make(map[string]*tmplMethod)
-			transacts = make(map[string]*tmplMethod)
-			events    = make(map[string]*tmplEvent)
-			fallback  *tmplMethod
-			receive   *tmplMethod
-
-			// identifiers are used to detect duplicated identifiers of functions
-			// and events. For all calls, transacts and events, abigen will generate
-			// corresponding bindings. However we have to ensure there is no
-			// identifier collisions in the bindings of these categories.
-			callIdentifiers     = make(map[string]bool)
-			transactIdentifiers = make(map[string]bool)
-			eventIdentifiers    = make(map[string]bool)
-		)
-
-		for _, input := range evmABI.Constructor.Inputs {
-			if hasStruct(input.Type) {
-				bindStructType[lang](input.Type, structs)
-			}
-		}
-
-		for _, original := range evmABI.Methods {
-			// Normalize the method for capital cases and non-anonymous inputs/outputs
-			normalized := original
-			normalizedName := methodNormalizer[lang](alias(aliases, original.Name))
-			// Ensure there is no duplicated identifier
-			var identifiers = callIdentifiers
-			if !original.IsConstant() {
-				identifiers = transactIdentifiers
-			}
-			// Name shouldn't start with a digit. It will make the generated code invalid.
-			if len(normalizedName) > 0 && unicode.IsDigit(rune(normalizedName[0])) {
-				normalizedName = fmt.Sprintf("M%s", normalizedName)
-				normalizedName = abi.ResolveNameConflict(normalizedName, func(name string) bool {
-					_, ok := identifiers[name]
-					return ok
-				})
-			}
-			if identifiers[normalizedName] {
-				return "", fmt.Errorf("duplicated identifier \"%s\"(normalized \"%s\"), use --alias for renaming", original.Name, normalizedName)
-			}
-			identifiers[normalizedName] = true
-
-			normalized.Name = normalizedName
-			normalized.Inputs = make([]abi.Argument, len(original.Inputs))
-			copy(normalized.Inputs, original.Inputs)
-			for j, input := range normalized.Inputs {
-				if input.Name == "" || isKeyWord(input.Name) {
-					normalized.Inputs[j].Name = fmt.Sprintf("arg%d", j)
-				}
-				if hasStruct(input.Type) {
-					bindStructType[lang](input.Type, structs)
-				}
-			}
-			normalized.Outputs = make([]abi.Argument, len(original.Outputs))
-			copy(normalized.Outputs, original.Outputs)
-			for j, output := range normalized.Outputs {
-				if output.Name != "" {
-					normalized.Outputs[j].Name = capitalise(output.Name)
-				}
-				if hasStruct(output.Type) {
-					bindStructType[lang](output.Type, structs)
-				}
-			}
-			// Append the methods to the call or transact lists
-			if original.IsConstant() {
-				calls[original.Name] = &tmplMethod{Original: original, Normalized: normalized, Structured: structured(original.Outputs)}
-			} else {
-				transacts[original.Name] = &tmplMethod{Original: original, Normalized: normalized, Structured: structured(original.Outputs)}
-			}
-		}
-		for _, original := range evmABI.Events {
-			// Skip anonymous events as they don't support explicit filtering
-			if original.Anonymous {
-				continue
-			}
-			// Normalize the event for capital cases and non-anonymous outputs
-			normalized := original
-
-			// Ensure there is no duplicated identifier
-			normalizedName := methodNormalizer[lang](alias(aliases, original.Name))
-			// Name shouldn't start with a digit. It will make the generated code invalid.
-			if len(normalizedName) > 0 && unicode.IsDigit(rune(normalizedName[0])) {
-				normalizedName = fmt.Sprintf("E%s", normalizedName)
-				normalizedName = abi.ResolveNameConflict(normalizedName, func(name string) bool {
-					_, ok := eventIdentifiers[name]
-					return ok
-				})
-			}
-			if eventIdentifiers[normalizedName] {
-				return "", fmt.Errorf("duplicated identifier \"%s\"(normalized \"%s\"), use --alias for renaming", original.Name, normalizedName)
-			}
-			eventIdentifiers[normalizedName] = true
-			normalized.Name = normalizedName
-
-			used := make(map[string]bool)
-			normalized.Inputs = make([]abi.Argument, len(original.Inputs))
-			copy(normalized.Inputs, original.Inputs)
-			for j, input := range normalized.Inputs {
-				if input.Name == "" || isKeyWord(input.Name) {
-					normalized.Inputs[j].Name = fmt.Sprintf("arg%d", j)
-				}
-				// Event is a bit special, we need to define event struct in binding,
-				// ensure there is no camel-case-style name conflict.
-				for index := 0; ; index++ {
-					if !used[capitalise(normalized.Inputs[j].Name)] {
-						used[capitalise(normalized.Inputs[j].Name)] = true
-						break
-					}
-					normalized.Inputs[j].Name = fmt.Sprintf("%s%d", normalized.Inputs[j].Name, index)
-				}
-				if hasStruct(input.Type) {
-					bindStructType[lang](input.Type, structs)
-				}
-			}
-			// Append the event to the accumulator list
-			events[original.Name] = &tmplEvent{Original: original, Normalized: normalized}
-		}
-		// Add two special fallback functions if they exist
-		if evmABI.HasFallback() {
-			fallback = &tmplMethod{Original: evmABI.Fallback}
-		}
-		if evmABI.HasReceive() {
-			receive = &tmplMethod{Original: evmABI.Receive}
-		}
-		contracts[types[i]] = &tmplContract{
-			Type:        capitalise(types[i]),
-			InputABI:    strings.ReplaceAll(strippedABI, "\"", "\\\""),
-			InputBin:    strings.TrimPrefix(strings.TrimSpace(bytecodes[i]), "0x"),
-			Constructor: evmABI.Constructor,
-			Calls:       calls,
-			Transacts:   transacts,
-			Fallback:    fallback,
-			Receive:     receive,
-			Events:      events,
-			Libraries:   make(map[string]string),
-		}
-		// Function 4-byte signatures are stored in the same sequence
-		// as types, if available.
-		if len(fsigs) > i {
-			contracts[types[i]].FuncSigs = fsigs[i]
-		}
-		// Parse library references.
-		for pattern, name := range libs {
-			matched, err := regexp.Match("__\\$"+pattern+"\\$__", []byte(contracts[types[i]].InputBin))
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Error("Could not search for pattern", "pattern", pattern, "contract", contracts[types[i]], "err", err)
-			}
-			if matched {
-				contracts[types[i]].Libraries[pattern] = name
-				// keep track that this type is a library
-				if _, ok := isLib[name]; !ok {
-					isLib[name] = struct{}{}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	// Check if that type has already been identified as a library
-	for i := 0; i < len(types); i++ {
-		_, ok := isLib[types[i]]
-		contracts[types[i]].Library = ok
-	}
-	// Generate the contract template data content and render it
-	data := &tmplData{
-		Package:   pkg,
-		Contracts: contracts,
-		Libraries: libs,
-		Structs:   structs,
-	}
-	buffer := new(bytes.Buffer)
-
-	funcs := map[string]interface{}{
-		"bindtype":      bindType[lang],
-		"bindtopictype": bindTopicType[lang],
-		"namedtype":     namedType[lang],
-		"capitalise":    capitalise,
-		"decapitalise":  decapitalise,
-	}
-	tmpl := template.Must(template.New("").Funcs(funcs).Parse(tmplSource[lang]))
-	if err := tmpl.Execute(buffer, data); err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	// For Go bindings pass the code through gofmt to clean it up
-	if lang == LangGo {
-		code, err := format.Source(buffer.Bytes())
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("%v\n%s", err, buffer)
-		}
-		return string(code), nil
-	}
-	// For all others just return as is for now
-	return buffer.String(), nil
-}
-
-// bindType is a set of type binders that convert Solidity types to some supported
-// programming language types.
-var bindType = map[Lang]func(kind abi.Type, structs map[string]*tmplStruct) string{
-	LangGo: bindTypeGo,
-}
-
-// bindBasicTypeGo converts basic solidity types(except array, slice and tuple) to Go ones.
-func bindBasicTypeGo(kind abi.Type) string {
-	switch kind.T {
-	case abi.AddressTy:
-		return "common.Address"
-	case abi.IntTy, abi.UintTy:
-		parts := regexp.MustCompile(`(u)?int([0-9]*)`).FindStringSubmatch(kind.String())
-		switch parts[2] {
-		case "8", "16", "32", "64":
-			return fmt.Sprintf("%sint%s", parts[1], parts[2])
-		}
-		return "*big.Int"
-	case abi.FixedBytesTy:
-		return fmt.Sprintf("[%d]byte", kind.Size)
-	case abi.BytesTy:
-		return "[]byte"
-	case abi.FunctionTy:
-		return "[24]byte"
-	default:
-		// string, bool types
-		return kind.String()
-	}
-}
-
-// bindTypeGo converts solidity types to Go ones. Since there is no clear mapping
-// from all Solidity types to Go ones (e.g. uint17), those that cannot be exactly
-// mapped will use an upscaled type (e.g. BigDecimal).
-func bindTypeGo(kind abi.Type, structs map[string]*tmplStruct) string {
-	switch kind.T {
-	case abi.TupleTy:
-		return structs[kind.TupleRawName+kind.String()].Name
-	case abi.ArrayTy:
-		return fmt.Sprintf("[%d]", kind.Size) + bindTypeGo(*kind.Elem, structs)
-	case abi.SliceTy:
-		return "[]" + bindTypeGo(*kind.Elem, structs)
-	default:
-		return bindBasicTypeGo(kind)
-	}
-}
-
-// bindTopicType is a set of type binders that convert Solidity types to some
-// supported programming language topic types.
-var bindTopicType = map[Lang]func(kind abi.Type, structs map[string]*tmplStruct) string{
-	LangGo: bindTopicTypeGo,
-}
-
-// bindTopicTypeGo converts a Solidity topic type to a Go one. It is almost the same
-// functionality as for simple types, but dynamic types get converted to hashes.
-func bindTopicTypeGo(kind abi.Type, structs map[string]*tmplStruct) string {
-	bound := bindTypeGo(kind, structs)
-
-	// todo(rjl493456442) according solidity documentation, indexed event
-	// parameters that are not value types i.e. arrays and structs are not
-	// stored directly but instead a keccak256-hash of an encoding is stored.
-	//
-	// We only convert strings and bytes to hash, still need to deal with
-	// array(both fixed-size and dynamic-size) and struct.
-	if bound == "string" || bound == "[]byte" {
-		bound = "common.Hash"
-	}
-	return bound
-}
-
-// bindStructType is a set of type binders that convert Solidity tuple types to some supported
-// programming language struct definition.
-var bindStructType = map[Lang]func(kind abi.Type, structs map[string]*tmplStruct) string{
-	LangGo: bindStructTypeGo,
-}
-
-// bindStructTypeGo converts a Solidity tuple type to a Go one and records the mapping
-// in the given map.
-// Notably, this function will resolve and record nested struct recursively.
-func bindStructTypeGo(kind abi.Type, structs map[string]*tmplStruct) string {
-	switch kind.T {
-	case abi.TupleTy:
-		// We compose a raw struct name and a canonical parameter expression
-		// together here. The reason is before solidity v0.5.11, kind.TupleRawName
-		// is empty, so we use canonical parameter expression to distinguish
-		// different struct definition. From the consideration of backward
-		// compatibility, we concat these two together so that if kind.TupleRawName
-		// is not empty, it can have unique id.
-		id := kind.TupleRawName + kind.String()
-		if s, exist := structs[id]; exist {
-			return s.Name
-		}
-		var (
-			names  = make(map[string]bool)
-			fields []*tmplField
-		)
-		for i, elem := range kind.TupleElems {
-			name := capitalise(kind.TupleRawNames[i])
-			name = abi.ResolveNameConflict(name, func(s string) bool { return names[s] })
-			names[name] = true
-			fields = append(fields, &tmplField{Type: bindStructTypeGo(*elem, structs), Name: name, SolKind: *elem})
-		}
-		name := kind.TupleRawName
-		if name == "" {
-			name = fmt.Sprintf("Struct%d", len(structs))
-		}
-		name = capitalise(name)
-
-		structs[id] = &tmplStruct{
-			Name:   name,
-			Fields: fields,
-		}
-		return name
-	case abi.ArrayTy:
-		return fmt.Sprintf("[%d]", kind.Size) + bindStructTypeGo(*kind.Elem, structs)
-	case abi.SliceTy:
-		return "[]" + bindStructTypeGo(*kind.Elem, structs)
-	default:
-		return bindBasicTypeGo(kind)
-	}
-}
-
-// namedType is a set of functions that transform language specific types to
-// named versions that may be used inside method names.
-var namedType = map[Lang]func(string, abi.Type) string{
-	LangGo: func(string, abi.Type) string { panic("this shouldn't be needed") },
-}
-
-// alias returns an alias of the given string based on the aliasing rules
-// or returns itself if no rule is matched.
-func alias(aliases map[string]string, n string) string {
-	if alias, exist := aliases[n]; exist {
-		return alias
-	}
-	return n
-}
-
-// methodNormalizer is a name transformer that modifies Solidity method names to
-// conform to target language naming conventions.
-var methodNormalizer = map[Lang]func(string) string{
-	LangGo: abi.ToCamelCase,
-}
-
-// capitalise makes a camel-case string which starts with an upper case character.
-var capitalise = abi.ToCamelCase
-
-// decapitalise makes a camel-case string which starts with a lower case character.
-func decapitalise(input string) string {
-	if len(input) == 0 {
-		return input
-	}
-
-	goForm := abi.ToCamelCase(input)
-	return strings.ToLower(goForm[:1]) + goForm[1:]
-}
-
-// structured checks whether a list of ABI data types has enough information to
-// operate through a proper Go struct or if flat returns are needed.
-func structured(args abi.Arguments) bool {
-	if len(args) < 2 {
-		return false
-	}
-	exists := make(map[string]bool)
-	for _, out := range args {
-		// If the name is anonymous, we can't organize into a struct
-		if out.Name == "" {
-			return false
-		}
-		// If the field name is empty when normalized or collides (var, Var, _var, _Var),
-		// we can't organize into a struct
-		field := capitalise(out.Name)
-		if field == "" || exists[field] {
-			return false
-		}
-		exists[field] = true
-	}
-	return true
-}
-
-// hasStruct returns an indicator whether the given type is struct, struct slice
-// or struct array.
-func hasStruct(t abi.Type) bool {
-	switch t.T {
-	case abi.SliceTy:
-		return hasStruct(*t.Elem)
-	case abi.ArrayTy:
-		return hasStruct(*t.Elem)
-	case abi.TupleTy:
-		return true
-	default:
-		return false
-	}
-}
--- a/accounts/abi/bind/old.go
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/old.go
@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+// Copyright 2016 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// Package bind is the runtime for abigen v1 generated contract bindings.
+// Deprecated: please use github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/bind/v2
+package bind
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/ecdsa"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"math/big"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi"
+	bind2 "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi/bind/v2"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/external"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/keystore"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
+)
+
+// Bind generates a v1 contract binding.
+// Deprecated: binding generation has moved to github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi/abigen
+func Bind(types []string, abis []string, bytecodes []string, fsigs []map[string]string, pkg string, libs map[string]string, aliases map[string]string) (string, error) {
+	panic("deprecated")
+}
+
+// auth.go
+
+// ErrNoChainID is returned whenever the user failed to specify a chain id.
+var ErrNoChainID = errors.New("no chain id specified")
+
+// ErrNotAuthorized is returned when an account is not properly unlocked.
+var ErrNotAuthorized = bind2.ErrNotAuthorized
+
+// NewTransactor is a utility method to easily create a transaction signer from
+// an encrypted json key stream and the associated passphrase.
+//
+// Deprecated: Use NewTransactorWithChainID instead.
+func NewTransactor(keyin io.Reader, passphrase string) (*TransactOpts, error) {
+	log.Warn("WARNING: NewTransactor has been deprecated in favour of NewTransactorWithChainID")
+	json, err := io.ReadAll(keyin)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	key, err := keystore.DecryptKey(json, passphrase)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return NewKeyedTransactor(key.PrivateKey), nil
+}
+
+// NewKeyStoreTransactor is a utility method to easily create a transaction signer from
+// a decrypted key from a keystore.
+//
+// Deprecated: Use NewKeyStoreTransactorWithChainID instead.
+func NewKeyStoreTransactor(keystore *keystore.KeyStore, account accounts.Account) (*TransactOpts, error) {
+	log.Warn("WARNING: NewKeyStoreTransactor has been deprecated in favour of NewTransactorWithChainID")
+	signer := types.HomesteadSigner{}
+	return &TransactOpts{
+		From: account.Address,
+		Signer: func(address common.Address, tx *types.Transaction) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+			if address != account.Address {
+				return nil, ErrNotAuthorized
+			}
+			signature, err := keystore.SignHash(account, signer.Hash(tx).Bytes())
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			return tx.WithSignature(signer, signature)
+		},
+		Context: context.Background(),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// NewKeyedTransactor is a utility method to easily create a transaction signer
+// from a single private key.
+//
+// Deprecated: Use NewKeyedTransactorWithChainID instead.
+func NewKeyedTransactor(key *ecdsa.PrivateKey) *TransactOpts {
+	log.Warn("WARNING: NewKeyedTransactor has been deprecated in favour of NewKeyedTransactorWithChainID")
+	keyAddr := crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key.PublicKey)
+	signer := types.HomesteadSigner{}
+	return &TransactOpts{
+		From: keyAddr,
+		Signer: func(address common.Address, tx *types.Transaction) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+			if address != keyAddr {
+				return nil, ErrNotAuthorized
+			}
+			signature, err := crypto.Sign(signer.Hash(tx).Bytes(), key)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			return tx.WithSignature(signer, signature)
+		},
+		Context: context.Background(),
+	}
+}
+
+// NewTransactorWithChainID is a utility method to easily create a transaction signer from
+// an encrypted json key stream and the associated passphrase.
+func NewTransactorWithChainID(keyin io.Reader, passphrase string, chainID *big.Int) (*TransactOpts, error) {
+	json, err := io.ReadAll(keyin)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	key, err := keystore.DecryptKey(json, passphrase)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return NewKeyedTransactorWithChainID(key.PrivateKey, chainID)
+}
+
+// NewKeyStoreTransactorWithChainID is a utility method to easily create a transaction signer from
+// a decrypted key from a keystore.
+func NewKeyStoreTransactorWithChainID(keystore *keystore.KeyStore, account accounts.Account, chainID *big.Int) (*TransactOpts, error) {
+	// New version panics for chainID == nil, catch it here.
+	if chainID == nil {
+		return nil, ErrNoChainID
+	}
+	return bind2.NewKeyStoreTransactor(keystore, account, chainID), nil
+}
+
+// NewKeyedTransactorWithChainID is a utility method to easily create a transaction signer
+// from a single private key.
+func NewKeyedTransactorWithChainID(key *ecdsa.PrivateKey, chainID *big.Int) (*TransactOpts, error) {
+	// New version panics for chainID == nil, catch it here.
+	if chainID == nil {
+		return nil, ErrNoChainID
+	}
+	return bind2.NewKeyedTransactor(key, chainID), nil
+}
+
+// NewClefTransactor is a utility method to easily create a transaction signer
+// with a clef backend.
+func NewClefTransactor(clef *external.ExternalSigner, account accounts.Account) *TransactOpts {
+	return bind2.NewClefTransactor(clef, account)
+}
+
+// backend.go
+
+var (
+	// ErrNoCode is returned by call and transact operations for which the requested
+	// recipient contract to operate on does not exist in the state db or does not
+	// have any code associated with it (i.e. self-destructed).
+	ErrNoCode = bind2.ErrNoCode
+
+	// ErrNoPendingState is raised when attempting to perform a pending state action
+	// on a backend that doesn't implement PendingContractCaller.
+	ErrNoPendingState = bind2.ErrNoPendingState
+
+	// ErrNoBlockHashState is raised when attempting to perform a block hash action
+	// on a backend that doesn't implement BlockHashContractCaller.
+	ErrNoBlockHashState = bind2.ErrNoBlockHashState
+
+	// ErrNoCodeAfterDeploy is returned by WaitDeployed if contract creation leaves
+	// an empty contract behind.
+	ErrNoCodeAfterDeploy = bind2.ErrNoCodeAfterDeploy
+)
+
+// ContractCaller defines the methods needed to allow operating with a contract on a read
+// only basis.
+type ContractCaller = bind2.ContractCaller
+
+// PendingContractCaller defines methods to perform contract calls on the pending state.
+// Call will try to discover this interface when access to the pending state is requested.
+// If the backend does not support the pending state, Call returns ErrNoPendingState.
+type PendingContractCaller = bind2.PendingContractCaller
+
+// BlockHashContractCaller defines methods to perform contract calls on a specific block hash.
+// Call will try to discover this interface when access to a block by hash is requested.
+// If the backend does not support the block hash state, Call returns ErrNoBlockHashState.
+type BlockHashContractCaller = bind2.BlockHashContractCaller
+
+// ContractTransactor defines the methods needed to allow operating with a contract
+// on a write only basis. Besides the transacting method, the remainder are helpers
+// used when the user does not provide some needed values, but rather leaves it up
+// to the transactor to decide.
+type ContractTransactor = bind2.ContractTransactor
+
+// DeployBackend wraps the operations needed by WaitMined and WaitDeployed.
+type DeployBackend = bind2.DeployBackend
+
+// ContractFilterer defines the methods needed to access log events using one-off
+// queries or continuous event subscriptions.
+type ContractFilterer = bind2.ContractFilterer
+
+// ContractBackend defines the methods needed to work with contracts on a read-write basis.
+type ContractBackend = bind2.ContractBackend
+
+// base.go
+
+type SignerFn = bind2.SignerFn
+
+type CallOpts = bind2.CallOpts
+
+type TransactOpts = bind2.TransactOpts
+
+type FilterOpts = bind2.FilterOpts
+
+type WatchOpts = bind2.WatchOpts
+
+type BoundContract = bind2.BoundContract
+
+func NewBoundContract(address common.Address, abi abi.ABI, caller ContractCaller, transactor ContractTransactor, filterer ContractFilterer) *BoundContract {
+	return bind2.NewBoundContract(address, abi, caller, transactor, filterer)
+}
+
+func DeployContract(opts *TransactOpts, abi abi.ABI, bytecode []byte, backend ContractBackend, params ...interface{}) (common.Address, *types.Transaction, *BoundContract, error) {
+	packed, err := abi.Pack("", params...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return common.Address{}, nil, nil, err
+	}
+	addr, tx, err := bind2.DeployContract(opts, bytecode, backend, packed)
+	if err != nil {
+		return common.Address{}, nil, nil, err
+	}
+	contract := NewBoundContract(addr, abi, backend, backend, backend)
+	return addr, tx, contract, nil
+}
+
+// MetaData collects all metadata for a bound contract.
+type MetaData struct {
+	Bin       string            // runtime bytecode (as a hex string)
+	ABI       string            // the raw ABI definition (JSON)
+	Sigs      map[string]string // 4byte identifier -> function signature
+	mu        sync.Mutex
+	parsedABI *abi.ABI
+}
+
+// GetAbi returns the parsed ABI definition.
+func (m *MetaData) GetAbi() (*abi.ABI, error) {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if m.parsedABI != nil {
+		return m.parsedABI, nil
+	}
+	if parsed, err := abi.JSON(strings.NewReader(m.ABI)); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	} else {
+		m.parsedABI = &parsed
+	}
+	return m.parsedABI, nil
+}
+
+// util.go
+
+// WaitMined waits for tx to be mined on the blockchain.
+// It stops waiting when the context is canceled.
+func WaitMined(ctx context.Context, b DeployBackend, tx *types.Transaction) (*types.Receipt, error) {
+	return bind2.WaitMined(ctx, b, tx.Hash())
+}
+
+// WaitMinedHash waits for a transaction with the provided hash to be mined on the blockchain.
+// It stops waiting when the context is canceled.
+func WaitMinedHash(ctx context.Context, b DeployBackend, hash common.Hash) (*types.Receipt, error) {
+	return bind2.WaitMined(ctx, b, hash)
+}
+
+// WaitDeployed waits for a contract deployment transaction and returns the on-chain
+// contract address when it is mined. It stops waiting when ctx is canceled.
+func WaitDeployed(ctx context.Context, b DeployBackend, tx *types.Transaction) (common.Address, error) {
+	if tx.To() != nil {
+		return common.Address{}, errors.New("tx is not contract creation")
+	}
+	return bind2.WaitDeployed(ctx, b, tx.Hash())
+}
+
+// WaitDeployedHash waits for a contract deployment transaction with the provided hash and returns the on-chain
+// contract address when it is mined. It stops waiting when ctx is canceled.
+func WaitDeployedHash(ctx context.Context, b DeployBackend, hash common.Hash) (common.Address, error) {
+	return bind2.WaitDeployed(ctx, b, hash)
+}
--- a/accounts/abi/bind/template.go
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/template.go
@ -1,571 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2016 The go-ethereum Authors
-// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
-//
-// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
-// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-// (at your option) any later version.
-//
-// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
-// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
-//
-// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
-// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-package bind
-
-import "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi"
-
-// tmplData is the data structure required to fill the binding template.
-type tmplData struct {
-	Package   string                   // Name of the package to place the generated file in
-	Contracts map[string]*tmplContract // List of contracts to generate into this file
-	Libraries map[string]string        // Map the bytecode's link pattern to the library name
-	Structs   map[string]*tmplStruct   // Contract struct type definitions
-}
-
-// tmplContract contains the data needed to generate an individual contract binding.
-type tmplContract struct {
-	Type        string                 // Type name of the main contract binding
-	InputABI    string                 // JSON ABI used as the input to generate the binding from
-	InputBin    string                 // Optional EVM bytecode used to generate deploy code from
-	FuncSigs    map[string]string      // Optional map: string signature -> 4-byte signature
-	Constructor abi.Method             // Contract constructor for deploy parametrization
-	Calls       map[string]*tmplMethod // Contract calls that only read state data
-	Transacts   map[string]*tmplMethod // Contract calls that write state data
-	Fallback    *tmplMethod            // Additional special fallback function
-	Receive     *tmplMethod            // Additional special receive function
-	Events      map[string]*tmplEvent  // Contract events accessors
-	Libraries   map[string]string      // Same as tmplData, but filtered to only keep what the contract needs
-	Library     bool                   // Indicator whether the contract is a library
-}
-
-// tmplMethod is a wrapper around an abi.Method that contains a few preprocessed
-// and cached data fields.
-type tmplMethod struct {
-	Original   abi.Method // Original method as parsed by the abi package
-	Normalized abi.Method // Normalized version of the parsed method (capitalized names, non-anonymous args/returns)
-	Structured bool       // Whether the returns should be accumulated into a struct
-}
-
-// tmplEvent is a wrapper around an abi.Event that contains a few preprocessed
-// and cached data fields.
-type tmplEvent struct {
-	Original   abi.Event // Original event as parsed by the abi package
-	Normalized abi.Event // Normalized version of the parsed fields
-}
-
-// tmplField is a wrapper around a struct field with binding language
-// struct type definition and relative filed name.
-type tmplField struct {
-	Type    string   // Field type representation depends on target binding language
-	Name    string   // Field name converted from the raw user-defined field name
-	SolKind abi.Type // Raw abi type information
-}
-
-// tmplStruct is a wrapper around an abi.tuple and contains an auto-generated
-// struct name.
-type tmplStruct struct {
-	Name   string       // Auto-generated struct name(before solidity v0.5.11) or raw name.
-	Fields []*tmplField // Struct fields definition depends on the binding language.
-}
-
-// tmplSource is language to template mapping containing all the supported
-// programming languages the package can generate to.
-var tmplSource = map[Lang]string{
-	LangGo: tmplSourceGo,
-}
-
-// tmplSourceGo is the Go source template that the generated Go contract binding
-// is based on.
-const tmplSourceGo = `
-// Code generated - DO NOT EDIT.
-// This file is a generated binding and any manual changes will be lost.
-
-package {{.Package}}
-
-import (
-	"math/big"
-	"strings"
-	"errors"
-
-	ethereum "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi/bind"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
-)
-
-// Reference imports to suppress errors if they are not otherwise used.
-var (
-	_ = errors.New
-	_ = big.NewInt
-	_ = strings.NewReader
-	_ = ethereum.NotFound
-	_ = bind.Bind
-	_ = common.Big1
-	_ = types.BloomLookup
-	_ = event.NewSubscription
-	_ = abi.ConvertType
-)
-
-{{$structs := .Structs}}
-{{range $structs}}
-	// {{.Name}} is an auto generated low-level Go binding around an user-defined struct.
-	type {{.Name}} struct {
-	{{range $field := .Fields}}
-	{{$field.Name}} {{$field.Type}}{{end}}
-	}
-{{end}}
-
-{{range $contract := .Contracts}}
-	// {{.Type}}MetaData contains all meta data concerning the {{.Type}} contract.
-	var {{.Type}}MetaData = &bind.MetaData{
-		ABI: "{{.InputABI}}",
-		{{if $contract.FuncSigs -}}
-		Sigs: map[string]string{
-			{{range $strsig, $binsig := .FuncSigs}}"{{$binsig}}": "{{$strsig}}",
-			{{end}}
-		},
-		{{end -}}
-		{{if .InputBin -}}
-		Bin: "0x{{.InputBin}}",
-		{{end}}
-	}
-	// {{.Type}}ABI is the input ABI used to generate the binding from.
-	// Deprecated: Use {{.Type}}MetaData.ABI instead.
-	var {{.Type}}ABI = {{.Type}}MetaData.ABI
-
-	{{if $contract.FuncSigs}}
-		// Deprecated: Use {{.Type}}MetaData.Sigs instead.
-		// {{.Type}}FuncSigs maps the 4-byte function signature to its string representation.
-		var {{.Type}}FuncSigs = {{.Type}}MetaData.Sigs
-	{{end}}
-
-	{{if .InputBin}}
-		// {{.Type}}Bin is the compiled bytecode used for deploying new contracts.
-		// Deprecated: Use {{.Type}}MetaData.Bin instead.
-		var {{.Type}}Bin = {{.Type}}MetaData.Bin
-
-		// Deploy{{.Type}} deploys a new Ethereum contract, binding an instance of {{.Type}} to it.
-		func Deploy{{.Type}}(auth *bind.TransactOpts, backend bind.ContractBackend {{range .Constructor.Inputs}}, {{.Name}} {{bindtype .Type $structs}}{{end}}) (common.Address, *types.Transaction, *{{.Type}}, error) {
-		  parsed, err := {{.Type}}MetaData.GetAbi()
-		  if err != nil {
-		    return common.Address{}, nil, nil, err
-		  }
-		  if parsed == nil {
-			return common.Address{}, nil, nil, errors.New("GetABI returned nil")
-		  }
-		  {{range $pattern, $name := .Libraries}}
-			{{decapitalise $name}}Addr, _, _, _ := Deploy{{capitalise $name}}(auth, backend)
-			{{$contract.Type}}Bin = strings.ReplaceAll({{$contract.Type}}Bin, "__${{$pattern}}$__", {{decapitalise $name}}Addr.String()[2:])
-		  {{end}}
-		  address, tx, contract, err := bind.DeployContract(auth, *parsed, common.FromHex({{.Type}}Bin), backend {{range .Constructor.Inputs}}, {{.Name}}{{end}})
-		  if err != nil {
-		    return common.Address{}, nil, nil, err
-		  }
-		  return address, tx, &{{.Type}}{ {{.Type}}Caller: {{.Type}}Caller{contract: contract}, {{.Type}}Transactor: {{.Type}}Transactor{contract: contract}, {{.Type}}Filterer: {{.Type}}Filterer{contract: contract} }, nil
-		}
-	{{end}}
-
-	// {{.Type}} is an auto generated Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
-	type {{.Type}} struct {
-	  {{.Type}}Caller     // Read-only binding to the contract
-	  {{.Type}}Transactor // Write-only binding to the contract
-	  {{.Type}}Filterer   // Log filterer for contract events
-	}
-
-	// {{.Type}}Caller is an auto generated read-only Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
-	type {{.Type}}Caller struct {
-	  contract *bind.BoundContract // Generic contract wrapper for the low level calls
-	}
-
-	// {{.Type}}Transactor is an auto generated write-only Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
-	type {{.Type}}Transactor struct {
-	  contract *bind.BoundContract // Generic contract wrapper for the low level calls
-	}
-
-	// {{.Type}}Filterer is an auto generated log filtering Go binding around an Ethereum contract events.
-	type {{.Type}}Filterer struct {
-	  contract *bind.BoundContract // Generic contract wrapper for the low level calls
-	}
-
-	// {{.Type}}Session is an auto generated Go binding around an Ethereum contract,
-	// with pre-set call and transact options.
-	type {{.Type}}Session struct {
-	  Contract     *{{.Type}}        // Generic contract binding to set the session for
-	  CallOpts     bind.CallOpts     // Call options to use throughout this session
-	  TransactOpts bind.TransactOpts // Transaction auth options to use throughout this session
-	}
-
-	// {{.Type}}CallerSession is an auto generated read-only Go binding around an Ethereum contract,
-	// with pre-set call options.
-	type {{.Type}}CallerSession struct {
-	  Contract *{{.Type}}Caller // Generic contract caller binding to set the session for
-	  CallOpts bind.CallOpts    // Call options to use throughout this session
-	}
-
-	// {{.Type}}TransactorSession is an auto generated write-only Go binding around an Ethereum contract,
-	// with pre-set transact options.
-	type {{.Type}}TransactorSession struct {
-	  Contract     *{{.Type}}Transactor // Generic contract transactor binding to set the session for
-	  TransactOpts bind.TransactOpts    // Transaction auth options to use throughout this session
-	}
-
-	// {{.Type}}Raw is an auto generated low-level Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
-	type {{.Type}}Raw struct {
-	  Contract *{{.Type}} // Generic contract binding to access the raw methods on
-	}
-
-	// {{.Type}}CallerRaw is an auto generated low-level read-only Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
-	type {{.Type}}CallerRaw struct {
-		Contract *{{.Type}}Caller // Generic read-only contract binding to access the raw methods on
-	}
-
-	// {{.Type}}TransactorRaw is an auto generated low-level write-only Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
-	type {{.Type}}TransactorRaw struct {
-		Contract *{{.Type}}Transactor // Generic write-only contract binding to access the raw methods on
-	}
-
-	// New{{.Type}} creates a new instance of {{.Type}}, bound to a specific deployed contract.
-	func New{{.Type}}(address common.Address, backend bind.ContractBackend) (*{{.Type}}, error) {
-	  contract, err := bind{{.Type}}(address, backend, backend, backend)
-	  if err != nil {
-	    return nil, err
-	  }
-	  return &{{.Type}}{ {{.Type}}Caller: {{.Type}}Caller{contract: contract}, {{.Type}}Transactor: {{.Type}}Transactor{contract: contract}, {{.Type}}Filterer: {{.Type}}Filterer{contract: contract} }, nil
-	}
-
-	// New{{.Type}}Caller creates a new read-only instance of {{.Type}}, bound to a specific deployed contract.
-	func New{{.Type}}Caller(address common.Address, caller bind.ContractCaller) (*{{.Type}}Caller, error) {
-	  contract, err := bind{{.Type}}(address, caller, nil, nil)
-	  if err != nil {
-	    return nil, err
-	  }
-	  return &{{.Type}}Caller{contract: contract}, nil
-	}
-
-	// New{{.Type}}Transactor creates a new write-only instance of {{.Type}}, bound to a specific deployed contract.
-	func New{{.Type}}Transactor(address common.Address, transactor bind.ContractTransactor) (*{{.Type}}Transactor, error) {
-	  contract, err := bind{{.Type}}(address, nil, transactor, nil)
-	  if err != nil {
-	    return nil, err
-	  }
-	  return &{{.Type}}Transactor{contract: contract}, nil
-	}
-
-	// New{{.Type}}Filterer creates a new log filterer instance of {{.Type}}, bound to a specific deployed contract.
- 	func New{{.Type}}Filterer(address common.Address, filterer bind.ContractFilterer) (*{{.Type}}Filterer, error) {
- 	  contract, err := bind{{.Type}}(address, nil, nil, filterer)
- 	  if err != nil {
- 	    return nil, err
- 	  }
- 	  return &{{.Type}}Filterer{contract: contract}, nil
- 	}
-
-	// bind{{.Type}} binds a generic wrapper to an already deployed contract.
-	func bind{{.Type}}(address common.Address, caller bind.ContractCaller, transactor bind.ContractTransactor, filterer bind.ContractFilterer) (*bind.BoundContract, error) {
-	  parsed, err := {{.Type}}MetaData.GetAbi()
-	  if err != nil {
-	    return nil, err
-	  }
-	  return bind.NewBoundContract(address, *parsed, caller, transactor, filterer), nil
-	}
-
-	// Call invokes the (constant) contract method with params as input values and
-	// sets the output to result. The result type might be a single field for simple
-	// returns, a slice of interfaces for anonymous returns and a struct for named
-	// returns.
-	func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}Raw) Call(opts *bind.CallOpts, result *[]interface{}, method string, params ...interface{}) error {
-		return _{{$contract.Type}}.Contract.{{$contract.Type}}Caller.contract.Call(opts, result, method, params...)
-	}
-
-	// Transfer initiates a plain transaction to move funds to the contract, calling
-	// its default method if one is available.
-	func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}Raw) Transfer(opts *bind.TransactOpts) (*types.Transaction, error) {
-		return _{{$contract.Type}}.Contract.{{$contract.Type}}Transactor.contract.Transfer(opts)
-	}
-
-	// Transact invokes the (paid) contract method with params as input values.
-	func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}Raw) Transact(opts *bind.TransactOpts, method string, params ...interface{}) (*types.Transaction, error) {
-		return _{{$contract.Type}}.Contract.{{$contract.Type}}Transactor.contract.Transact(opts, method, params...)
-	}
-
-	// Call invokes the (constant) contract method with params as input values and
-	// sets the output to result. The result type might be a single field for simple
-	// returns, a slice of interfaces for anonymous returns and a struct for named
-	// returns.
-	func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}CallerRaw) Call(opts *bind.CallOpts, result *[]interface{}, method string, params ...interface{}) error {
-		return _{{$contract.Type}}.Contract.contract.Call(opts, result, method, params...)
-	}
-
-	// Transfer initiates a plain transaction to move funds to the contract, calling
-	// its default method if one is available.
-	func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}TransactorRaw) Transfer(opts *bind.TransactOpts) (*types.Transaction, error) {
-		return _{{$contract.Type}}.Contract.contract.Transfer(opts)
-	}
-
-	// Transact invokes the (paid) contract method with params as input values.
-	func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}TransactorRaw) Transact(opts *bind.TransactOpts, method string, params ...interface{}) (*types.Transaction, error) {
-		return _{{$contract.Type}}.Contract.contract.Transact(opts, method, params...)
-	}
-
-	{{range .Calls}}
-		// {{.Normalized.Name}} is a free data retrieval call binding the contract method 0x{{printf "%x" .Original.ID}}.
-		//
-		// Solidity: {{.Original.String}}
-		func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}Caller) {{.Normalized.Name}}(opts *bind.CallOpts {{range .Normalized.Inputs}}, {{.Name}} {{bindtype .Type $structs}} {{end}}) ({{if .Structured}}struct{ {{range .Normalized.Outputs}}{{.Name}} {{bindtype .Type $structs}};{{end}} },{{else}}{{range .Normalized.Outputs}}{{bindtype .Type $structs}},{{end}}{{end}} error) {
-			var out []interface{}
-			err := _{{$contract.Type}}.contract.Call(opts, &out, "{{.Original.Name}}" {{range .Normalized.Inputs}}, {{.Name}}{{end}})
-			{{if .Structured}}
-			outstruct := new(struct{ {{range .Normalized.Outputs}} {{.Name}} {{bindtype .Type $structs}}; {{end}} })
-			if err != nil {
-				return *outstruct, err
-			}
-			{{range $i, $t := .Normalized.Outputs}}
-			outstruct.{{.Name}} = *abi.ConvertType(out[{{$i}}], new({{bindtype .Type $structs}})).(*{{bindtype .Type $structs}}){{end}}
-
-			return *outstruct, err
-			{{else}}
-			if err != nil {
-				return {{range $i, $_ := .Normalized.Outputs}}*new({{bindtype .Type $structs}}), {{end}} err
-			}
-			{{range $i, $t := .Normalized.Outputs}}
-			out{{$i}} := *abi.ConvertType(out[{{$i}}], new({{bindtype .Type $structs}})).(*{{bindtype .Type $structs}}){{end}}
-
-			return {{range $i, $t := .Normalized.Outputs}}out{{$i}}, {{end}} err
-			{{end}}
-		}
-
-		// {{.Normalized.Name}} is a free data retrieval call binding the contract method 0x{{printf "%x" .Original.ID}}.
-		//
-		// Solidity: {{.Original.String}}
-		func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}Session) {{.Normalized.Name}}({{range $i, $_ := .Normalized.Inputs}}{{if ne $i 0}},{{end}} {{.Name}} {{bindtype .Type $structs}} {{end}}) ({{if .Structured}}struct{ {{range .Normalized.Outputs}}{{.Name}} {{bindtype .Type $structs}};{{end}} }, {{else}} {{range .Normalized.Outputs}}{{bindtype .Type $structs}},{{end}} {{end}} error) {
-		  return _{{$contract.Type}}.Contract.{{.Normalized.Name}}(&_{{$contract.Type}}.CallOpts {{range .Normalized.Inputs}}, {{.Name}}{{end}})
-		}
-
-		// {{.Normalized.Name}} is a free data retrieval call binding the contract method 0x{{printf "%x" .Original.ID}}.
-		//
-		// Solidity: {{.Original.String}}
-		func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}CallerSession) {{.Normalized.Name}}({{range $i, $_ := .Normalized.Inputs}}{{if ne $i 0}},{{end}} {{.Name}} {{bindtype .Type $structs}} {{end}}) ({{if .Structured}}struct{ {{range .Normalized.Outputs}}{{.Name}} {{bindtype .Type $structs}};{{end}} }, {{else}} {{range .Normalized.Outputs}}{{bindtype .Type $structs}},{{end}} {{end}} error) {
-		  return _{{$contract.Type}}.Contract.{{.Normalized.Name}}(&_{{$contract.Type}}.CallOpts {{range .Normalized.Inputs}}, {{.Name}}{{end}})
-		}
-	{{end}}
-
-	{{range .Transacts}}
-		// {{.Normalized.Name}} is a paid mutator transaction binding the contract method 0x{{printf "%x" .Original.ID}}.
-		//
-		// Solidity: {{.Original.String}}
-		func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}Transactor) {{.Normalized.Name}}(opts *bind.TransactOpts {{range .Normalized.Inputs}}, {{.Name}} {{bindtype .Type $structs}} {{end}}) (*types.Transaction, error) {
-			return _{{$contract.Type}}.contract.Transact(opts, "{{.Original.Name}}" {{range .Normalized.Inputs}}, {{.Name}}{{end}})
-		}
-
-		// {{.Normalized.Name}} is a paid mutator transaction binding the contract method 0x{{printf "%x" .Original.ID}}.
-		//
-		// Solidity: {{.Original.String}}
-		func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}Session) {{.Normalized.Name}}({{range $i, $_ := .Normalized.Inputs}}{{if ne $i 0}},{{end}} {{.Name}} {{bindtype .Type $structs}} {{end}}) (*types.Transaction, error) {
-		  return _{{$contract.Type}}.Contract.{{.Normalized.Name}}(&_{{$contract.Type}}.TransactOpts {{range $i, $_ := .Normalized.Inputs}}, {{.Name}}{{end}})
-		}
-
-		// {{.Normalized.Name}} is a paid mutator transaction binding the contract method 0x{{printf "%x" .Original.ID}}.
-		//
-		// Solidity: {{.Original.String}}
-		func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}TransactorSession) {{.Normalized.Name}}({{range $i, $_ := .Normalized.Inputs}}{{if ne $i 0}},{{end}} {{.Name}} {{bindtype .Type $structs}} {{end}}) (*types.Transaction, error) {
-		  return _{{$contract.Type}}.Contract.{{.Normalized.Name}}(&_{{$contract.Type}}.TransactOpts {{range $i, $_ := .Normalized.Inputs}}, {{.Name}}{{end}})
-		}
-	{{end}}
-
-	{{if .Fallback}}
-		// Fallback is a paid mutator transaction binding the contract fallback function.
-		//
-		// Solidity: {{.Fallback.Original.String}}
-		func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}Transactor) Fallback(opts *bind.TransactOpts, calldata []byte) (*types.Transaction, error) {
-			return _{{$contract.Type}}.contract.RawTransact(opts, calldata)
-		}
-
-		// Fallback is a paid mutator transaction binding the contract fallback function.
-		//
-		// Solidity: {{.Fallback.Original.String}}
-		func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}Session) Fallback(calldata []byte) (*types.Transaction, error) {
-		  return _{{$contract.Type}}.Contract.Fallback(&_{{$contract.Type}}.TransactOpts, calldata)
-		}
-
-		// Fallback is a paid mutator transaction binding the contract fallback function.
-		//
-		// Solidity: {{.Fallback.Original.String}}
-		func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}TransactorSession) Fallback(calldata []byte) (*types.Transaction, error) {
-		  return _{{$contract.Type}}.Contract.Fallback(&_{{$contract.Type}}.TransactOpts, calldata)
-		}
-	{{end}}
-
-	{{if .Receive}}
-		// Receive is a paid mutator transaction binding the contract receive function.
-		//
-		// Solidity: {{.Receive.Original.String}}
-		func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}Transactor) Receive(opts *bind.TransactOpts) (*types.Transaction, error) {
-			return _{{$contract.Type}}.contract.RawTransact(opts, nil) // calldata is disallowed for receive function
-		}
-
-		// Receive is a paid mutator transaction binding the contract receive function.
-		//
-		// Solidity: {{.Receive.Original.String}}
-		func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}Session) Receive() (*types.Transaction, error) {
-		  return _{{$contract.Type}}.Contract.Receive(&_{{$contract.Type}}.TransactOpts)
-		}
-
-		// Receive is a paid mutator transaction binding the contract receive function.
-		//
-		// Solidity: {{.Receive.Original.String}}
-		func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}TransactorSession) Receive() (*types.Transaction, error) {
-		  return _{{$contract.Type}}.Contract.Receive(&_{{$contract.Type}}.TransactOpts)
-		}
-	{{end}}
-
-	{{range .Events}}
-		// {{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}}Iterator is returned from Filter{{.Normalized.Name}} and is used to iterate over the raw logs and unpacked data for {{.Normalized.Name}} events raised by the {{$contract.Type}} contract.
-		type {{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}}Iterator struct {
-			Event *{{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}} // Event containing the contract specifics and raw log
-
-			contract *bind.BoundContract // Generic contract to use for unpacking event data
-			event    string              // Event name to use for unpacking event data
-
-			logs chan types.Log        // Log channel receiving the found contract events
-			sub  ethereum.Subscription // Subscription for errors, completion and termination
-			done bool                  // Whether the subscription completed delivering logs
-			fail error                 // Occurred error to stop iteration
-		}
-		// Next advances the iterator to the subsequent event, returning whether there
-		// are any more events found. In case of a retrieval or parsing error, false is
-		// returned and Error() can be queried for the exact failure.
-		func (it *{{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}}Iterator) Next() bool {
-			// If the iterator failed, stop iterating
-			if (it.fail != nil) {
-				return false
-			}
-			// If the iterator completed, deliver directly whatever's available
-			if (it.done) {
-				select {
-				case log := <-it.logs:
-					it.Event = new({{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}})
-					if err := it.contract.UnpackLog(it.Event, it.event, log); err != nil {
-						it.fail = err
-						return false
-					}
-					it.Event.Raw = log
-					return true
-
-				default:
-					return false
-				}
-			}
-			// Iterator still in progress, wait for either a data or an error event
-			select {
-			case log := <-it.logs:
-				it.Event = new({{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}})
-				if err := it.contract.UnpackLog(it.Event, it.event, log); err != nil {
-					it.fail = err
-					return false
-				}
-				it.Event.Raw = log
-				return true
-
-			case err := <-it.sub.Err():
-				it.done = true
-				it.fail = err
-				return it.Next()
-			}
-		}
-		// Error returns any retrieval or parsing error occurred during filtering.
-		func (it *{{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}}Iterator) Error() error {
-			return it.fail
-		}
-		// Close terminates the iteration process, releasing any pending underlying
-		// resources.
-		func (it *{{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}}Iterator) Close() error {
-			it.sub.Unsubscribe()
-			return nil
-		}
-
-		// {{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}} represents a {{.Normalized.Name}} event raised by the {{$contract.Type}} contract.
-		type {{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}} struct { {{range .Normalized.Inputs}}
-			{{capitalise .Name}} {{if .Indexed}}{{bindtopictype .Type $structs}}{{else}}{{bindtype .Type $structs}}{{end}}; {{end}}
-			Raw types.Log // Blockchain specific contextual infos
-		}
-
-		// Filter{{.Normalized.Name}} is a free log retrieval operation binding the contract event 0x{{printf "%x" .Original.ID}}.
-		//
-		// Solidity: {{.Original.String}}
- 		func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}Filterer) Filter{{.Normalized.Name}}(opts *bind.FilterOpts{{range .Normalized.Inputs}}{{if .Indexed}}, {{.Name}} []{{bindtype .Type $structs}}{{end}}{{end}}) (*{{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}}Iterator, error) {
-			{{range .Normalized.Inputs}}
-			{{if .Indexed}}var {{.Name}}Rule []interface{}
-			for _, {{.Name}}Item := range {{.Name}} {
-				{{.Name}}Rule = append({{.Name}}Rule, {{.Name}}Item)
-			}{{end}}{{end}}
-
-			logs, sub, err := _{{$contract.Type}}.contract.FilterLogs(opts, "{{.Original.Name}}"{{range .Normalized.Inputs}}{{if .Indexed}}, {{.Name}}Rule{{end}}{{end}})
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			return &{{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}}Iterator{contract: _{{$contract.Type}}.contract, event: "{{.Original.Name}}", logs: logs, sub: sub}, nil
- 		}
-
-		// Watch{{.Normalized.Name}} is a free log subscription operation binding the contract event 0x{{printf "%x" .Original.ID}}.
-		//
-		// Solidity: {{.Original.String}}
-		func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}Filterer) Watch{{.Normalized.Name}}(opts *bind.WatchOpts, sink chan<- *{{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}}{{range .Normalized.Inputs}}{{if .Indexed}}, {{.Name}} []{{bindtype .Type $structs}}{{end}}{{end}}) (event.Subscription, error) {
-			{{range .Normalized.Inputs}}
-			{{if .Indexed}}var {{.Name}}Rule []interface{}
-			for _, {{.Name}}Item := range {{.Name}} {
-				{{.Name}}Rule = append({{.Name}}Rule, {{.Name}}Item)
-			}{{end}}{{end}}
-
-			logs, sub, err := _{{$contract.Type}}.contract.WatchLogs(opts, "{{.Original.Name}}"{{range .Normalized.Inputs}}{{if .Indexed}}, {{.Name}}Rule{{end}}{{end}})
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			return event.NewSubscription(func(quit <-chan struct{}) error {
-				defer sub.Unsubscribe()
-				for {
-					select {
-					case log := <-logs:
-						// New log arrived, parse the event and forward to the user
-						event := new({{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}})
-						if err := _{{$contract.Type}}.contract.UnpackLog(event, "{{.Original.Name}}", log); err != nil {
-							return err
-						}
-						event.Raw = log
-
-						select {
-						case sink <- event:
-						case err := <-sub.Err():
-							return err
-						case <-quit:
-							return nil
-						}
-					case err := <-sub.Err():
-						return err
-					case <-quit:
-						return nil
-					}
-				}
-			}), nil
-		}
-
-		// Parse{{.Normalized.Name}} is a log parse operation binding the contract event 0x{{printf "%x" .Original.ID}}.
-		//
-		// Solidity: {{.Original.String}}
-		func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}Filterer) Parse{{.Normalized.Name}}(log types.Log) (*{{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}}, error) {
-			event := new({{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}})
-			if err := _{{$contract.Type}}.contract.UnpackLog(event, "{{.Original.Name}}", log); err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			event.Raw = log
-			return event, nil
-		}
-
- 	{{end}}
-{{end}}
-`
--- a/accounts/abi/bind/v2/auth.go
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/v2/auth.go
@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+// Copyright 2016 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package bind
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/ecdsa"
+	"errors"
+	"math/big"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/external"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/keystore"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+)
+
+// ErrNotAuthorized is returned when an account is not properly unlocked.
+var ErrNotAuthorized = errors.New("not authorized to sign this account")
+
+// NewKeyStoreTransactor is a utility method to easily create a transaction signer from
+// a decrypted key from a keystore.
+func NewKeyStoreTransactor(keystore *keystore.KeyStore, account accounts.Account, chainID *big.Int) *TransactOpts {
+	if chainID == nil {
+		panic("nil chainID")
+	}
+	signer := types.LatestSignerForChainID(chainID)
+	return &TransactOpts{
+		From: account.Address,
+		Signer: func(address common.Address, tx *types.Transaction) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+			if address != account.Address {
+				return nil, ErrNotAuthorized
+			}
+			signature, err := keystore.SignHash(account, signer.Hash(tx).Bytes())
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			return tx.WithSignature(signer, signature)
+		},
+		Context: context.Background(),
+	}
+}
+
+// NewKeyedTransactor is a utility method to easily create a transaction signer
+// from a single private key.
+func NewKeyedTransactor(key *ecdsa.PrivateKey, chainID *big.Int) *TransactOpts {
+	if chainID == nil {
+		panic("nil chainID")
+	}
+	keyAddr := crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key.PublicKey)
+	signer := types.LatestSignerForChainID(chainID)
+	return &TransactOpts{
+		From: keyAddr,
+		Signer: func(address common.Address, tx *types.Transaction) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+			if address != keyAddr {
+				return nil, ErrNotAuthorized
+			}
+			signature, err := crypto.Sign(signer.Hash(tx).Bytes(), key)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			return tx.WithSignature(signer, signature)
+		},
+		Context: context.Background(),
+	}
+}
+
+// NewClefTransactor is a utility method to easily create a transaction signer
+// with a clef backend.
+func NewClefTransactor(clef *external.ExternalSigner, account accounts.Account) *TransactOpts {
+	return &TransactOpts{
+		From: account.Address,
+		Signer: func(address common.Address, transaction *types.Transaction) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+			if address != account.Address {
+				return nil, ErrNotAuthorized
+			}
+			return clef.SignTx(account, transaction, nil) // Clef enforces its own chain id
+		},
+		Context: context.Background(),
+	}
+}
--- a/accounts/abi/bind/v2/backend.go
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/v2/backend.go
@ -43,6 +43,11 @@ var (
 	// ErrNoCodeAfterDeploy is returned by WaitDeployed if contract creation leaves
 	// an empty contract behind.
 	ErrNoCodeAfterDeploy = errors.New("no contract code after deployment")
+
+	// ErrNoAddressInReceipt is returned by WaitDeployed when the receipt for the
+	// transaction hash does not contain a contract address. This error may indicate
+	// that the transaction hash was not a CREATE transaction.
+	ErrNoAddressInReceipt = errors.New("no contract address in receipt")
 )

 // ContractCaller defines the methods needed to allow operating with a contract on a read
@ -84,6 +89,11 @@ type BlockHashContractCaller interface {
 // used when the user does not provide some needed values, but rather leaves it up
 // to the transactor to decide.
 type ContractTransactor interface {
+	ethereum.GasEstimator
+	ethereum.GasPricer
+	ethereum.GasPricer1559
+	ethereum.TransactionSender
+
 	// HeaderByNumber returns a block header from the current canonical chain. If
 	// number is nil, the latest known header is returned.
 	HeaderByNumber(ctx context.Context, number *big.Int) (*types.Header, error)
@ -93,38 +103,6 @@ type ContractTransactor interface {

 	// PendingNonceAt retrieves the current pending nonce associated with an account.
 	PendingNonceAt(ctx context.Context, account common.Address) (uint64, error)
-
-	// SuggestGasPrice retrieves the currently suggested gas price to allow a timely
-	// execution of a transaction.
-	SuggestGasPrice(ctx context.Context) (*big.Int, error)
-
-	// SuggestGasTipCap retrieves the currently suggested 1559 priority fee to allow
-	// a timely execution of a transaction.
-	SuggestGasTipCap(ctx context.Context) (*big.Int, error)
-
-	// EstimateGas tries to estimate the gas needed to execute a specific
-	// transaction based on the current pending state of the backend blockchain.
-	// There is no guarantee that this is the true gas limit requirement as other
-	// transactions may be added or removed by miners, but it should provide a basis
-	// for setting a reasonable default.
-	EstimateGas(ctx context.Context, call ethereum.CallMsg) (gas uint64, err error)
-
-	// SendTransaction injects the transaction into the pending pool for execution.
-	SendTransaction(ctx context.Context, tx *types.Transaction) error
-}
-
-// ContractFilterer defines the methods needed to access log events using one-off
-// queries or continuous event subscriptions.
-type ContractFilterer interface {
-	// FilterLogs executes a log filter operation, blocking during execution and
-	// returning all the results in one batch.
-	//
-	// TODO(karalabe): Deprecate when the subscription one can return past data too.
-	FilterLogs(ctx context.Context, query ethereum.FilterQuery) ([]types.Log, error)
-
-	// SubscribeFilterLogs creates a background log filtering operation, returning
-	// a subscription immediately, which can be used to stream the found events.
-	SubscribeFilterLogs(ctx context.Context, query ethereum.FilterQuery, ch chan<- types.Log) (ethereum.Subscription, error)
 }

 // DeployBackend wraps the operations needed by WaitMined and WaitDeployed.
@ -133,9 +111,23 @@ type DeployBackend interface {
 	CodeAt(ctx context.Context, account common.Address, blockNumber *big.Int) ([]byte, error)
 }

+// ContractFilterer defines the methods needed to access log events using one-off
+// queries or continuous event subscriptions.
+type ContractFilterer interface {
+	ethereum.LogFilterer
+}
+
 // ContractBackend defines the methods needed to work with contracts on a read-write basis.
 type ContractBackend interface {
 	ContractCaller
 	ContractTransactor
 	ContractFilterer
 }
+
+// Backend combines all backend methods used in this package. This type is provided for
+// convenience. It is meant to be used when you need to hold a reference to a backend that
+// is used for both deployment and contract interaction.
+type Backend interface {
+	DeployBackend
+	ContractBackend
+}
--- a/accounts/abi/bind/v2/base.go
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/v2/base.go
@ -25,10 +25,10 @@ import (
 	"sync"

 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum"
+
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
 )

@ -59,11 +59,12 @@ type TransactOpts struct {
 	Nonce  *big.Int       // Nonce to use for the transaction execution (nil = use pending state)
 	Signer SignerFn       // Method to use for signing the transaction (mandatory)

-	Value     *big.Int // Funds to transfer along the transaction (nil = 0 = no funds)
-	GasPrice  *big.Int // Gas price to use for the transaction execution (nil = gas price oracle)
-	GasFeeCap *big.Int // Gas fee cap to use for the 1559 transaction execution (nil = gas price oracle)
-	GasTipCap *big.Int // Gas priority fee cap to use for the 1559 transaction execution (nil = gas price oracle)
-	GasLimit  uint64   // Gas limit to set for the transaction execution (0 = estimate)
+	Value      *big.Int         // Funds to transfer along the transaction (nil = 0 = no funds)
+	GasPrice   *big.Int         // Gas price to use for the transaction execution (nil = gas price oracle)
+	GasFeeCap  *big.Int         // Gas fee cap to use for the 1559 transaction execution (nil = gas price oracle)
+	GasTipCap  *big.Int         // Gas priority fee cap to use for the 1559 transaction execution (nil = gas price oracle)
+	GasLimit   uint64           // Gas limit to set for the transaction execution (0 = estimate)
+	AccessList types.AccessList // Access list to set for the transaction execution (nil = no access list)

 	Context context.Context // Network context to support cancellation and timeouts (nil = no timeout)

@ -88,25 +89,42 @@ type WatchOpts struct {

 // MetaData collects all metadata for a bound contract.
 type MetaData struct {
-	mu   sync.Mutex
-	Sigs map[string]string
-	Bin  string
-	ABI  string
-	ab   *abi.ABI
+	Bin  string      // deployer bytecode (as a hex string)
+	ABI  string      // the raw ABI definition (JSON)
+	Deps []*MetaData // library dependencies of the contract
+
+	// For bindings that were compiled from combined-json ID is the Solidity
+	// library pattern: a 34 character prefix of the hex encoding of the keccak256
+	// hash of the fully qualified 'library name', i.e. the path of the source file.
+	//
+	// For contracts compiled from the ABI definition alone, this is the type name
+	// of the contract (as specified in the ABI definition or overridden via the
+	// --type flag).
+	//
+	// This is a unique identifier of a contract within a compilation unit. When
+	// used as part of a multi-contract deployment with library dependencies, the
+	// ID is used to link contracts during deployment using [LinkAndDeploy].
+	ID string
+
+	mu        sync.Mutex
+	parsedABI *abi.ABI
 }

-func (m *MetaData) GetAbi() (*abi.ABI, error) {
+// ParseABI returns the parsed ABI specification, or an error if the string
+// representation of the ABI set in the MetaData instance could not be parsed.
+func (m *MetaData) ParseABI() (*abi.ABI, error) {
 	m.mu.Lock()
 	defer m.mu.Unlock()
-	if m.ab != nil {
-		return m.ab, nil
+
+	if m.parsedABI != nil {
+		return m.parsedABI, nil
 	}
 	if parsed, err := abi.JSON(strings.NewReader(m.ABI)); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	} else {
-		m.ab = &parsed
+		m.parsedABI = &parsed
 	}
-	return m.ab, nil
+	return m.parsedABI, nil
 }

 // BoundContract is the base wrapper object that reflects a contract on the
@ -132,94 +150,23 @@ func NewBoundContract(address common.Address, abi abi.ABI, caller ContractCaller
 	}
 }

-// DeployContract deploys a contract onto the Ethereum blockchain and binds the
-// deployment address with a Go wrapper.
-func DeployContract(opts *TransactOpts, abi abi.ABI, bytecode []byte, backend ContractBackend, params ...interface{}) (common.Address, *types.Transaction, *BoundContract, error) {
-	// Otherwise try to deploy the contract
-	c := NewBoundContract(common.Address{}, abi, backend, backend, backend)
-
-	input, err := c.abi.Pack("", params...)
-	if err != nil {
-		return common.Address{}, nil, nil, err
-	}
-	tx, err := c.transact(opts, nil, append(bytecode, input...))
-	if err != nil {
-		return common.Address{}, nil, nil, err
-	}
-	c.address = crypto.CreateAddress(opts.From, tx.Nonce())
-	return c.address, tx, c, nil
-}
-
 // Call invokes the (constant) contract method with params as input values and
 // sets the output to result. The result type might be a single field for simple
 // returns, a slice of interfaces for anonymous returns and a struct for named
 // returns.
-func (c *BoundContract) Call(opts *CallOpts, results *[]interface{}, method string, params ...interface{}) error {
-	// Don't crash on a lazy user
-	if opts == nil {
-		opts = new(CallOpts)
-	}
+func (c *BoundContract) Call(opts *CallOpts, results *[]any, method string, params ...any) error {
 	if results == nil {
-		results = new([]interface{})
+		results = new([]any)
 	}
 	// Pack the input, call and unpack the results
 	input, err := c.abi.Pack(method, params...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	var (
-		msg    = ethereum.CallMsg{From: opts.From, To: &c.address, Data: input}
-		ctx    = ensureContext(opts.Context)
-		code   []byte
-		output []byte
-	)
-	if opts.Pending {
-		pb, ok := c.caller.(PendingContractCaller)
-		if !ok {
-			return ErrNoPendingState
-		}
-		output, err = pb.PendingCallContract(ctx, msg)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		if len(output) == 0 {
-			// Make sure we have a contract to operate on, and bail out otherwise.
-			if code, err = pb.PendingCodeAt(ctx, c.address); err != nil {
-				return err
-			} else if len(code) == 0 {
-				return ErrNoCode
-			}
-		}
-	} else if opts.BlockHash != (common.Hash{}) {
-		bh, ok := c.caller.(BlockHashContractCaller)
-		if !ok {
-			return ErrNoBlockHashState
-		}
-		output, err = bh.CallContractAtHash(ctx, msg, opts.BlockHash)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		if len(output) == 0 {
-			// Make sure we have a contract to operate on, and bail out otherwise.
-			if code, err = bh.CodeAtHash(ctx, c.address, opts.BlockHash); err != nil {
-				return err
-			} else if len(code) == 0 {
-				return ErrNoCode
-			}
-		}
-	} else {
-		output, err = c.caller.CallContract(ctx, msg, opts.BlockNumber)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		if len(output) == 0 {
-			// Make sure we have a contract to operate on, and bail out otherwise.
-			if code, err = c.caller.CodeAt(ctx, c.address, opts.BlockNumber); err != nil {
-				return err
-			} else if len(code) == 0 {
-				return ErrNoCode
-			}
-		}
+
+	output, err := c.call(opts, input)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}

 	if len(*results) == 0 {
@ -231,26 +178,97 @@ func (c *BoundContract) Call(opts *CallOpts, results *[]interface{}, method stri
 	return c.abi.UnpackIntoInterface(res[0], method, output)
 }

+// CallRaw executes an eth_call against the contract with the raw calldata as
+// input.  It returns the call's return data or an error.
+func (c *BoundContract) CallRaw(opts *CallOpts, input []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	return c.call(opts, input)
+}
+
+func (c *BoundContract) call(opts *CallOpts, input []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	// Don't crash on a lazy user
+	if opts == nil {
+		opts = new(CallOpts)
+	}
+	var (
+		msg    = ethereum.CallMsg{From: opts.From, To: &c.address, Data: input}
+		ctx    = ensureContext(opts.Context)
+		code   []byte
+		output []byte
+		err    error
+	)
+	if opts.Pending {
+		pb, ok := c.caller.(PendingContractCaller)
+		if !ok {
+			return nil, ErrNoPendingState
+		}
+		output, err = pb.PendingCallContract(ctx, msg)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if len(output) == 0 {
+			// Make sure we have a contract to operate on, and bail out otherwise.
+			if code, err = pb.PendingCodeAt(ctx, c.address); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			} else if len(code) == 0 {
+				return nil, ErrNoCode
+			}
+		}
+	} else if opts.BlockHash != (common.Hash{}) {
+		bh, ok := c.caller.(BlockHashContractCaller)
+		if !ok {
+			return nil, ErrNoBlockHashState
+		}
+		output, err = bh.CallContractAtHash(ctx, msg, opts.BlockHash)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if len(output) == 0 {
+			// Make sure we have a contract to operate on, and bail out otherwise.
+			if code, err = bh.CodeAtHash(ctx, c.address, opts.BlockHash); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			} else if len(code) == 0 {
+				return nil, ErrNoCode
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		output, err = c.caller.CallContract(ctx, msg, opts.BlockNumber)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if len(output) == 0 {
+			// Make sure we have a contract to operate on, and bail out otherwise.
+			if code, err = c.caller.CodeAt(ctx, c.address, opts.BlockNumber); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			} else if len(code) == 0 {
+				return nil, ErrNoCode
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return output, nil
+}
+
 // Transact invokes the (paid) contract method with params as input values.
-func (c *BoundContract) Transact(opts *TransactOpts, method string, params ...interface{}) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+func (c *BoundContract) Transact(opts *TransactOpts, method string, params ...any) (*types.Transaction, error) {
 	// Otherwise pack up the parameters and invoke the contract
 	input, err := c.abi.Pack(method, params...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	// todo(rjl493456442) check the method is payable or not,
-	// reject invalid transaction at the first place
 	return c.transact(opts, &c.address, input)
 }

 // RawTransact initiates a transaction with the given raw calldata as the input.
 // It's usually used to initiate transactions for invoking **Fallback** function.
 func (c *BoundContract) RawTransact(opts *TransactOpts, calldata []byte) (*types.Transaction, error) {
-	// todo(rjl493456442) check the method is payable or not,
-	// reject invalid transaction at the first place
 	return c.transact(opts, &c.address, calldata)
 }

+// RawCreationTransact creates and submits a contract-creation transaction with
+// the given calldata as the input.
+func (c *BoundContract) RawCreationTransact(opts *TransactOpts, calldata []byte) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+	return c.transact(opts, nil, calldata)
+}
+
 // Transfer initiates a plain transaction to move funds to the contract, calling
 // its default method if one is available.
 func (c *BoundContract) Transfer(opts *TransactOpts) (*types.Transaction, error) {
@ -300,20 +318,21 @@ func (c *BoundContract) createDynamicTx(opts *TransactOpts, contract *common.Add
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	baseTx := &types.DynamicFeeTx{
-		To:        contract,
-		Nonce:     nonce,
-		GasFeeCap: gasFeeCap,
-		GasTipCap: gasTipCap,
-		Gas:       gasLimit,
-		Value:     value,
-		Data:      input,
+		To:         contract,
+		Nonce:      nonce,
+		GasFeeCap:  gasFeeCap,
+		GasTipCap:  gasTipCap,
+		Gas:        gasLimit,
+		Value:      value,
+		Data:       input,
+		AccessList: opts.AccessList,
 	}
 	return types.NewTx(baseTx), nil
 }

 func (c *BoundContract) createLegacyTx(opts *TransactOpts, contract *common.Address, input []byte) (*types.Transaction, error) {
-	if opts.GasFeeCap != nil || opts.GasTipCap != nil {
-		return nil, errors.New("maxFeePerGas or maxPriorityFeePerGas specified but london is not active yet")
+	if opts.GasFeeCap != nil || opts.GasTipCap != nil || opts.AccessList != nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("maxFeePerGas or maxPriorityFeePerGas or accessList specified but london is not active yet")
 	}
 	// Normalize value
 	value := opts.Value
@ -364,13 +383,14 @@ func (c *BoundContract) estimateGasLimit(opts *TransactOpts, contract *common.Ad
 		}
 	}
 	msg := ethereum.CallMsg{
-		From:      opts.From,
-		To:        contract,
-		GasPrice:  gasPrice,
-		GasTipCap: gasTipCap,
-		GasFeeCap: gasFeeCap,
-		Value:     value,
-		Data:      input,
+		From:       opts.From,
+		To:         contract,
+		GasPrice:   gasPrice,
+		GasTipCap:  gasTipCap,
+		GasFeeCap:  gasFeeCap,
+		Value:      value,
+		Data:       input,
+		AccessList: opts.AccessList,
 	}
 	return c.transactor.EstimateGas(ensureContext(opts.Context), msg)
 }
@ -431,14 +451,13 @@ func (c *BoundContract) transact(opts *TransactOpts, contract *common.Address, i

 // FilterLogs filters contract logs for past blocks, returning the necessary
 // channels to construct a strongly typed bound iterator on top of them.
-func (c *BoundContract) FilterLogs(opts *FilterOpts, name string, query ...[]interface{}) (chan types.Log, event.Subscription, error) {
+func (c *BoundContract) FilterLogs(opts *FilterOpts, name string, query ...[]any) (chan types.Log, event.Subscription, error) {
 	// Don't crash on a lazy user
 	if opts == nil {
 		opts = new(FilterOpts)
 	}
 	// Append the event selector to the query parameters and construct the topic set
-	query = append([][]interface{}{{c.abi.Events[name].ID}}, query...)
-
+	query = append([][]any{{c.abi.Events[name].ID}}, query...)
 	topics, err := abi.MakeTopics(query...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
@ -461,7 +480,7 @@ func (c *BoundContract) FilterLogs(opts *FilterOpts, name string, query ...[]int
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
-	sub, err := event.NewSubscription(func(quit <-chan struct{}) error {
+	sub := event.NewSubscription(func(quit <-chan struct{}) error {
 		for _, log := range buff {
 			select {
 			case logs <- log:
@ -470,23 +489,20 @@ func (c *BoundContract) FilterLogs(opts *FilterOpts, name string, query ...[]int
 			}
 		}
 		return nil
-	}), nil
+	})

-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, err
-	}
 	return logs, sub, nil
 }

 // WatchLogs filters subscribes to contract logs for future blocks, returning a
 // subscription object that can be used to tear down the watcher.
-func (c *BoundContract) WatchLogs(opts *WatchOpts, name string, query ...[]interface{}) (chan types.Log, event.Subscription, error) {
+func (c *BoundContract) WatchLogs(opts *WatchOpts, name string, query ...[]any) (chan types.Log, event.Subscription, error) {
 	// Don't crash on a lazy user
 	if opts == nil {
 		opts = new(WatchOpts)
 	}
 	// Append the event selector to the query parameters and construct the topic set
-	query = append([][]interface{}{{c.abi.Events[name].ID}}, query...)
+	query = append([][]any{{c.abi.Events[name].ID}}, query...)

 	topics, err := abi.MakeTopics(query...)
 	if err != nil {
@ -510,7 +526,7 @@ func (c *BoundContract) WatchLogs(opts *WatchOpts, name string, query ...[]inter
 }

 // UnpackLog unpacks a retrieved log into the provided output structure.
-func (c *BoundContract) UnpackLog(out interface{}, event string, log types.Log) error {
+func (c *BoundContract) UnpackLog(out any, event string, log types.Log) error {
 	// Anonymous events are not supported.
 	if len(log.Topics) == 0 {
 		return errNoEventSignature
@ -533,7 +549,7 @@ func (c *BoundContract) UnpackLog(out interface{}, event string, log types.Log)
 }

 // UnpackLogIntoMap unpacks a retrieved log into the provided map.
-func (c *BoundContract) UnpackLogIntoMap(out map[string]interface{}, event string, log types.Log) error {
+func (c *BoundContract) UnpackLogIntoMap(out map[string]any, event string, log types.Log) error {
 	// Anonymous events are not supported.
 	if len(log.Topics) == 0 {
 		return errNoEventSignature
--- a/accounts/abi/bind/v2/base_test.go
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/v2/base_test.go
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import (

 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi/bind"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi/bind/v2"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
--- a/accounts/abi/bind/v2/dep_tree.go
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/v2/dep_tree.go
@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+// Copyright 2025 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package bind
+
+import (
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"fmt"
+	"maps"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+)
+
+// DeploymentParams contains parameters needed to deploy one or more contracts via LinkAndDeploy
+type DeploymentParams struct {
+	// list of all contracts targeted for the deployment
+	Contracts []*MetaData
+
+	// optional map of ABI-encoded constructor inputs keyed by the MetaData.ID.
+	Inputs map[string][]byte
+
+	// optional map of override addresses for specifying already-deployed
+	// contracts.  It is keyed by the MetaData.ID.
+	Overrides map[string]common.Address
+}
+
+// validate determines whether the contracts specified in the DeploymentParams
+// instance have embedded deployer code in their provided MetaData instances.
+func (d *DeploymentParams) validate() error {
+	for _, meta := range d.Contracts {
+		if meta.Bin == "" {
+			return fmt.Errorf("cannot deploy contract %s: deployer code missing from metadata", meta.ID)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// DeploymentResult contains information about the result of a pending
+// deployment made by LinkAndDeploy.
+type DeploymentResult struct {
+	// Map of contract MetaData.ID to pending deployment transaction
+	Txs map[string]*types.Transaction
+
+	// Map of contract MetaData.ID to the address where it will be deployed
+	Addresses map[string]common.Address
+}
+
+// DeployFn deploys a contract given a deployer and optional input.  It returns
+// the address and a pending transaction, or an error if the deployment failed.
+type DeployFn func(input, deployer []byte) (common.Address, *types.Transaction, error)
+
+// depTreeDeployer is responsible for taking a dependency, deploying-and-linking
+// its components in the proper order. A depTreeDeployer cannot be used after
+// calling LinkAndDeploy other than to retrieve the deployment result.
+type depTreeDeployer struct {
+	deployedAddrs map[string]common.Address
+	deployerTxs   map[string]*types.Transaction
+	inputs        map[string][]byte // map of the root contract pattern to the constructor input (if there is any)
+	deployFn      DeployFn
+}
+
+func newDepTreeDeployer(deployParams *DeploymentParams, deployFn DeployFn) *depTreeDeployer {
+	deployedAddrs := maps.Clone(deployParams.Overrides)
+	if deployedAddrs == nil {
+		deployedAddrs = make(map[string]common.Address)
+	}
+	inputs := deployParams.Inputs
+	if inputs == nil {
+		inputs = make(map[string][]byte)
+	}
+	return &depTreeDeployer{
+		deployFn:      deployFn,
+		deployedAddrs: deployedAddrs,
+		deployerTxs:   make(map[string]*types.Transaction),
+		inputs:        inputs,
+	}
+}
+
+// linkAndDeploy deploys a contract and it's dependencies.  Because libraries
+// can in-turn have their own library dependencies, linkAndDeploy performs
+// deployment recursively (deepest-dependency first).  The address of the
+// pending contract deployment for the top-level contract is returned.
+func (d *depTreeDeployer) linkAndDeploy(metadata *MetaData) (common.Address, error) {
+	// Don't re-deploy aliased or previously-deployed contracts
+	if addr, ok := d.deployedAddrs[metadata.ID]; ok {
+		return addr, nil
+	}
+	// If this contract/library depends on other libraries deploy them
+	// (and their dependencies) first
+	deployerCode := metadata.Bin
+	for _, dep := range metadata.Deps {
+		addr, err := d.linkAndDeploy(dep)
+		if err != nil {
+			return common.Address{}, err
+		}
+		// Link their deployed addresses into the bytecode to produce
+		deployerCode = strings.ReplaceAll(deployerCode, "__$"+dep.ID+"$__", strings.ToLower(addr.String()[2:]))
+	}
+	// Finally, deploy the top-level contract.
+	code, err := hex.DecodeString(deployerCode[2:])
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("error decoding contract deployer hex %s:\n%v", deployerCode[2:], err))
+	}
+	addr, tx, err := d.deployFn(d.inputs[metadata.ID], code)
+	if err != nil {
+		return common.Address{}, err
+	}
+	d.deployedAddrs[metadata.ID] = addr
+	d.deployerTxs[metadata.ID] = tx
+	return addr, nil
+}
+
+// result returns a DeploymentResult instance referencing contracts deployed
+// and not including any overrides specified for this deployment.
+func (d *depTreeDeployer) result() *DeploymentResult {
+	// filter the override addresses from the deployed address set.
+	for pattern := range d.deployedAddrs {
+		if _, ok := d.deployerTxs[pattern]; !ok {
+			delete(d.deployedAddrs, pattern)
+		}
+	}
+	return &DeploymentResult{
+		Txs:       d.deployerTxs,
+		Addresses: d.deployedAddrs,
+	}
+}
+
+// LinkAndDeploy performs the contract deployment specified by params using the
+// provided DeployFn to create, sign and submit transactions.
+//
+// Contracts can depend on libraries, which in-turn can have their own library
+// dependencies.  Therefore, LinkAndDeploy performs the deployment recursively,
+// starting with libraries (and contracts) that don't have dependencies, and
+// progressing through the contracts that depend upon them.
+//
+// If an error is encountered, the returned DeploymentResult only contains
+// entries for the contracts whose deployment submission succeeded.
+//
+// LinkAndDeploy performs creation and submission of creation transactions,
+// but does not ensure that the contracts are included in the chain.
+func LinkAndDeploy(params *DeploymentParams, deploy DeployFn) (*DeploymentResult, error) {
+	if err := params.validate(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	deployer := newDepTreeDeployer(params, deploy)
+	for _, contract := range params.Contracts {
+		if _, err := deployer.linkAndDeploy(contract); err != nil {
+			return deployer.result(), err
+		}
+	}
+	return deployer.result(), nil
+}
--- a/accounts/abi/bind/v2/dep_tree_test.go
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/v2/dep_tree_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package bind
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"regexp"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+	"golang.org/x/exp/rand"
+)
+
+type linkTestCase struct {
+	// map of pattern to unlinked bytecode (for the purposes of tests just contains the patterns of its dependencies)
+	libCodes      map[string]string
+	contractCodes map[string]string
+
+	overrides map[string]common.Address
+}
+
+func copyMetaData(m *MetaData) *MetaData {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+
+	var deps []*MetaData
+	if len(m.Deps) > 0 {
+		for _, dep := range m.Deps {
+			deps = append(deps, copyMetaData(dep))
+		}
+	}
+	return &MetaData{
+		Bin:       m.Bin,
+		ABI:       m.ABI,
+		Deps:      deps,
+		ID:        m.ID,
+		parsedABI: m.parsedABI,
+	}
+}
+
+func makeLinkTestCase(input map[rune][]rune, overrides map[rune]common.Address) *linkTestCase {
+	codes := make(map[string]string)
+	libCodes := make(map[string]string)
+	contractCodes := make(map[string]string)
+
+	inputMap := make(map[rune]map[rune]struct{})
+	// set of solidity patterns for all contracts that are known to be libraries
+	libs := make(map[string]struct{})
+
+	// map of test contract id (rune) to the solidity library pattern (hash of that rune)
+	patternMap := map[rune]string{}
+
+	for contract, deps := range input {
+		inputMap[contract] = make(map[rune]struct{})
+		if _, ok := patternMap[contract]; !ok {
+			patternMap[contract] = crypto.Keccak256Hash([]byte(string(contract))).String()[2:36]
+		}
+
+		for _, dep := range deps {
+			if _, ok := patternMap[dep]; !ok {
+				patternMap[dep] = crypto.Keccak256Hash([]byte(string(dep))).String()[2:36]
+			}
+			codes[patternMap[contract]] = codes[patternMap[contract]] + fmt.Sprintf("__$%s$__", patternMap[dep])
+			inputMap[contract][dep] = struct{}{}
+			libs[patternMap[dep]] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	overridesPatterns := make(map[string]common.Address)
+	for contractId, overrideAddr := range overrides {
+		pattern := crypto.Keccak256Hash([]byte(string(contractId))).String()[2:36]
+		overridesPatterns[pattern] = overrideAddr
+	}
+
+	for _, pattern := range patternMap {
+		if _, ok := libs[pattern]; ok {
+			// if the library didn't depend on others, give it some dummy code to not bork deployment logic down-the-line
+			if len(codes[pattern]) == 0 {
+				libCodes[pattern] = "ff"
+			} else {
+				libCodes[pattern] = codes[pattern]
+			}
+		} else {
+			contractCodes[pattern] = codes[pattern]
+		}
+	}
+
+	return &linkTestCase{
+		libCodes,
+		contractCodes,
+		overridesPatterns,
+	}
+}
+
+var testKey, _ = crypto.HexToECDSA("b71c71a67e1177ad4e901695e1b4b9ee17ae16c6668d313eac2f96dbcda3f291")
+
+type linkTestCaseInput struct {
+	input          map[rune][]rune
+	overrides      map[rune]struct{}
+	expectDeployed map[rune]struct{}
+}
+
+// linkDeps will return a set of root dependencies and their sub-dependencies connected via the Deps field
+func linkDeps(deps map[string]*MetaData) []*MetaData {
+	roots := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for pattern := range deps {
+		roots[pattern] = struct{}{}
+	}
+
+	connectedDeps := make(map[string]*MetaData)
+	for pattern, dep := range deps {
+		connectedDeps[pattern] = internalLinkDeps(dep, deps, &roots)
+	}
+
+	var rootMetadatas []*MetaData
+	for pattern := range roots {
+		dep := connectedDeps[pattern]
+		rootMetadatas = append(rootMetadatas, dep)
+	}
+	return rootMetadatas
+}
+
+// internalLinkDeps is the internal recursing logic of linkDeps:
+// It links the contract referred to by MetaData given the depMap (map of solidity
+// link pattern to contract metadata object), deleting contract entries from the
+// roots map if they were referenced as dependencies.  It returns a new MetaData
+// object which is the linked version of metadata parameter.
+func internalLinkDeps(metadata *MetaData, depMap map[string]*MetaData, roots *map[string]struct{}) *MetaData {
+	linked := copyMetaData(metadata)
+	depPatterns := parseLibraryDeps(metadata.Bin)
+	for _, pattern := range depPatterns {
+		delete(*roots, pattern)
+		connectedDep := internalLinkDeps(depMap[pattern], depMap, roots)
+		linked.Deps = append(linked.Deps, connectedDep)
+	}
+	return linked
+}
+
+func testLinkCase(tcInput linkTestCaseInput) error {
+	var (
+		testAddr       = crypto.PubkeyToAddress(testKey.PublicKey)
+		overridesAddrs = make(map[common.Address]struct{})
+		overrideAddrs  = make(map[rune]common.Address)
+	)
+	// generate deterministic addresses for the override set.
+	rand.Seed(42)
+	for contract := range tcInput.overrides {
+		var addr common.Address
+		rand.Read(addr[:])
+		overrideAddrs[contract] = addr
+		overridesAddrs[addr] = struct{}{}
+	}
+
+	tc := makeLinkTestCase(tcInput.input, overrideAddrs)
+	allContracts := make(map[rune]struct{})
+
+	for contract, deps := range tcInput.input {
+		allContracts[contract] = struct{}{}
+		for _, dep := range deps {
+			allContracts[dep] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+
+	var testAddrNonce uint64
+	mockDeploy := func(input []byte, deployer []byte) (common.Address, *types.Transaction, error) {
+		contractAddr := crypto.CreateAddress(testAddr, testAddrNonce)
+		testAddrNonce++
+
+		if len(deployer) >= 20 {
+			// assert that this contract only references libs that are known to be deployed or in the override set
+			for i := 0; i < len(deployer); i += 20 {
+				var dep common.Address
+				dep.SetBytes(deployer[i : i+20])
+				if _, ok := overridesAddrs[dep]; !ok {
+					return common.Address{}, nil, fmt.Errorf("reference to dependent contract that has not yet been deployed: %x\n", dep)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		overridesAddrs[contractAddr] = struct{}{}
+		// we don't care about the txs themselves for the sake of the linking tests.  so we can return nil for them in the mock deployer
+		return contractAddr, nil, nil
+	}
+
+	contracts := make(map[string]*MetaData)
+	overrides := make(map[string]common.Address)
+
+	for pattern, bin := range tc.contractCodes {
+		contracts[pattern] = &MetaData{ID: pattern, Bin: "0x" + bin}
+	}
+	for pattern, bin := range tc.libCodes {
+		contracts[pattern] = &MetaData{
+			Bin: "0x" + bin,
+			ID:  pattern,
+		}
+	}
+
+	contractsList := linkDeps(contracts)
+
+	for pattern, override := range tc.overrides {
+		overrides[pattern] = override
+	}
+
+	deployParams := &DeploymentParams{
+		Contracts: contractsList,
+		Overrides: overrides,
+	}
+	res, err := LinkAndDeploy(deployParams, mockDeploy)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if len(res.Txs) != len(tcInput.expectDeployed) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("got %d deployed contracts. expected %d.\n", len(res.Addresses), len(tcInput.expectDeployed))
+	}
+	for contract := range tcInput.expectDeployed {
+		pattern := crypto.Keccak256Hash([]byte(string(contract))).String()[2:36]
+		if _, ok := res.Addresses[pattern]; !ok {
+			return fmt.Errorf("expected contract %s was not deployed\n", string(contract))
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func TestContractLinking(t *testing.T) {
+	for i, tc := range []linkTestCaseInput{
+		// test simple contract without any dependencies or overrides
+		{
+			map[rune][]rune{
+				'a': {}},
+			map[rune]struct{}{},
+			map[rune]struct{}{
+				'a': {}},
+		},
+		// test deployment of a contract that depends on somes libraries.
+		{
+			map[rune][]rune{
+				'a': {'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'}},
+			map[rune]struct{}{},
+			map[rune]struct{}{
+				'a': {}, 'b': {}, 'c': {}, 'd': {}, 'e': {}},
+		},
+		// test deployment of a contract that depends on some libraries,
+		// one of which has its own library dependencies.
+		{
+			map[rune][]rune{
+				'a': {'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'},
+				'e': {'f', 'g', 'h', 'i'}},
+			map[rune]struct{}{},
+			map[rune]struct{}{
+				'a': {}, 'b': {}, 'c': {}, 'd': {}, 'e': {}, 'f': {}, 'g': {}, 'h': {}, 'i': {}},
+		},
+		// test single contract only without deps
+		{
+			map[rune][]rune{
+				'a': {}},
+			map[rune]struct{}{},
+			map[rune]struct{}{
+				'a': {},
+			},
+		},
+		// test that libraries at different levels of the tree can share deps,
+		// and that these shared deps will only be deployed once.
+		{
+			map[rune][]rune{
+				'a': {'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'},
+				'e': {'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'm'},
+				'i': {'j', 'k', 'l', 'm'}},
+			map[rune]struct{}{},
+			map[rune]struct{}{
+				'a': {}, 'b': {}, 'c': {}, 'd': {}, 'e': {}, 'f': {}, 'g': {}, 'h': {}, 'i': {}, 'j': {}, 'k': {}, 'l': {}, 'm': {},
+			},
+		},
+		// test two contracts can be deployed which don't share deps
+		linkTestCaseInput{
+			map[rune][]rune{
+				'a': {'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'},
+				'f': {'g', 'h', 'i', 'j'}},
+			map[rune]struct{}{},
+			map[rune]struct{}{
+				'a': {}, 'b': {}, 'c': {}, 'd': {}, 'e': {}, 'f': {}, 'g': {}, 'h': {}, 'i': {}, 'j': {},
+			},
+		},
+		// test two contracts can be deployed which share deps
+		linkTestCaseInput{
+			map[rune][]rune{
+				'a': {'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'},
+				'f': {'g', 'c', 'd', 'h'}},
+			map[rune]struct{}{},
+			map[rune]struct{}{
+				'a': {}, 'b': {}, 'c': {}, 'd': {}, 'e': {}, 'f': {}, 'g': {}, 'h': {},
+			},
+		},
+		// test one contract with overrides for all lib deps
+		linkTestCaseInput{
+			map[rune][]rune{
+				'a': {'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'}},
+			map[rune]struct{}{'b': {}, 'c': {}, 'd': {}, 'e': {}},
+			map[rune]struct{}{
+				'a': {}},
+		},
+		// test one contract with overrides for some lib deps
+		linkTestCaseInput{
+			map[rune][]rune{
+				'a': {'b', 'c'}},
+			map[rune]struct{}{'b': {}, 'c': {}},
+			map[rune]struct{}{
+				'a': {}},
+		},
+		// test deployment of a contract with overrides
+		linkTestCaseInput{
+			map[rune][]rune{
+				'a': {}},
+			map[rune]struct{}{'a': {}},
+			map[rune]struct{}{},
+		},
+		// two contracts ('a' and 'f') share some dependencies.  contract 'a' is marked as an override.  expect that any of
+		// its depdencies that aren't shared with 'f' are not deployed.
+		linkTestCaseInput{map[rune][]rune{
+			'a': {'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'},
+			'f': {'g', 'c', 'd', 'h'}},
+			map[rune]struct{}{'a': {}},
+			map[rune]struct{}{
+				'f': {}, 'g': {}, 'c': {}, 'd': {}, 'h': {}},
+		},
+		// test nested libraries that share deps at different levels of the tree... with override.
+		// same condition as above test:  no sub-dependencies of
+		{
+			map[rune][]rune{
+				'a': {'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'},
+				'e': {'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'm'},
+				'i': {'j', 'k', 'l', 'm'},
+				'l': {'n', 'o', 'p'}},
+			map[rune]struct{}{
+				'i': {},
+			},
+			map[rune]struct{}{
+				'a': {}, 'b': {}, 'c': {}, 'd': {}, 'e': {}, 'f': {}, 'g': {}, 'h': {}, 'm': {}},
+		},
+	} {
+		if err := testLinkCase(tc); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("test case %d failed: %v", i, err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func parseLibraryDeps(unlinkedCode string) (res []string) {
+	reMatchSpecificPattern, err := regexp.Compile(`__\$([a-f0-9]+)\$__`)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	for _, match := range reMatchSpecificPattern.FindAllStringSubmatch(unlinkedCode, -1) {
+		res = append(res, match[1])
+	}
+	return res
+}
--- a/accounts/abi/bind/v2/internal/contracts/db/bindings.go
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/v2/internal/contracts/db/bindings.go
@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+// Code generated via abigen V2 - DO NOT EDIT.
+// This file is a generated binding and any manual changes will be lost.
+
+package db
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+	"math/big"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi/bind/v2"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+)
+
+// Reference imports to suppress errors if they are not otherwise used.
+var (
+	_ = bytes.Equal
+	_ = errors.New
+	_ = big.NewInt
+	_ = common.Big1
+	_ = types.BloomLookup
+	_ = abi.ConvertType
+)
+
+// DBStats is an auto generated low-level Go binding around an user-defined struct.
+type DBStats struct {
+	Gets    *big.Int
+	Inserts *big.Int
+	Mods    *big.Int
+}
+
+// DBMetaData contains all meta data concerning the DB contract.
+var DBMetaData = bind.MetaData{
+	ABI: "[{\"inputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\",\"type\":\"constructor\"},{\"anonymous\":false,\"inputs\":[{\"indexed\":false,\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"key\",\"type\":\"uint256\"},{\"indexed\":false,\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"value\",\"type\":\"uint256\"},{\"indexed\":false,\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"length\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"name\":\"Insert\",\"type\":\"event\"},{\"anonymous\":false,\"inputs\":[{\"indexed\":true,\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"key\",\"type\":\"uint256\"},{\"indexed\":false,\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"value\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"name\":\"KeyedInsert\",\"type\":\"event\"},{\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\",\"type\":\"fallback\"},{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"k\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"name\":\"get\",\"outputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\",\"type\":\"function\"},{\"inputs\":[],\"name\":\"getNamedStatParams\",\"outputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"gets\",\"type\":\"uint256\"},{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"inserts\",\"type\":\"uint256\"},{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"mods\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\",\"type\":\"function\"},{\"inputs\":[],\"name\":\"getStatParams\",\"outputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"uint256\"},{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"uint256\"},{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\",\"type\":\"function\"},{\"inputs\":[],\"name\":\"getStatsStruct\",\"outputs\":[{\"components\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"gets\",\"type\":\"uint256\"},{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"inserts\",\"type\":\"uint256\"},{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"mods\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"internalType\":\"structDB.Stats\",\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"tuple\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\",\"type\":\"function\"},{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"k\",\"type\":\"uint256\"},{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"v\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"name\":\"insert\",\"outputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\",\"type\":\"function\"},{\"stateMutability\":\"payable\",\"type\":\"receive\"}]",
+	ID:  "253cc2574e2f8b5e909644530e4934f6ac",
+	Bin: "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",
+}
+
+// DB is an auto generated Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
+type DB struct {
+	abi abi.ABI
+}
+
+// NewDB creates a new instance of DB.
+func NewDB() *DB {
+	parsed, err := DBMetaData.ParseABI()
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(errors.New("invalid ABI: " + err.Error()))
+	}
+	return &DB{abi: *parsed}
+}
+
+// Instance creates a wrapper for a deployed contract instance at the given address.
+// Use this to create the instance object passed to abigen v2 library functions Call, Transact, etc.
+func (c *DB) Instance(backend bind.ContractBackend, addr common.Address) *bind.BoundContract {
+	return bind.NewBoundContract(addr, c.abi, backend, backend, backend)
+}
+
+// PackGet is the Go binding used to pack the parameters required for calling
+// the contract method with ID 0x9507d39a.
+//
+// Solidity: function get(uint256 k) returns(uint256)
+func (dB *DB) PackGet(k *big.Int) []byte {
+	enc, err := dB.abi.Pack("get", k)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return enc
+}
+
+// UnpackGet is the Go binding that unpacks the parameters returned
+// from invoking the contract method with ID 0x9507d39a.
+//
+// Solidity: function get(uint256 k) returns(uint256)
+func (dB *DB) UnpackGet(data []byte) (*big.Int, error) {
+	out, err := dB.abi.Unpack("get", data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return new(big.Int), err
+	}
+	out0 := abi.ConvertType(out[0], new(big.Int)).(*big.Int)
+	return out0, err
+}
+
+// PackGetNamedStatParams is the Go binding used to pack the parameters required for calling
+// the contract method with ID 0xe369ba3b.
+//
+// Solidity: function getNamedStatParams() view returns(uint256 gets, uint256 inserts, uint256 mods)
+func (dB *DB) PackGetNamedStatParams() []byte {
+	enc, err := dB.abi.Pack("getNamedStatParams")
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return enc
+}
+
+// GetNamedStatParamsOutput serves as a container for the return parameters of contract
+// method GetNamedStatParams.
+type GetNamedStatParamsOutput struct {
+	Gets    *big.Int
+	Inserts *big.Int
+	Mods    *big.Int
+}
+
+// UnpackGetNamedStatParams is the Go binding that unpacks the parameters returned
+// from invoking the contract method with ID 0xe369ba3b.
+//
+// Solidity: function getNamedStatParams() view returns(uint256 gets, uint256 inserts, uint256 mods)
+func (dB *DB) UnpackGetNamedStatParams(data []byte) (GetNamedStatParamsOutput, error) {
+	out, err := dB.abi.Unpack("getNamedStatParams", data)
+	outstruct := new(GetNamedStatParamsOutput)
+	if err != nil {
+		return *outstruct, err
+	}
+	outstruct.Gets = abi.ConvertType(out[0], new(big.Int)).(*big.Int)
+	outstruct.Inserts = abi.ConvertType(out[1], new(big.Int)).(*big.Int)
+	outstruct.Mods = abi.ConvertType(out[2], new(big.Int)).(*big.Int)
+	return *outstruct, err
+
+}
+
+// PackGetStatParams is the Go binding used to pack the parameters required for calling
+// the contract method with ID 0x6fcb9c70.
+//
+// Solidity: function getStatParams() view returns(uint256, uint256, uint256)
+func (dB *DB) PackGetStatParams() []byte {
+	enc, err := dB.abi.Pack("getStatParams")
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return enc
+}
+
+// GetStatParamsOutput serves as a container for the return parameters of contract
+// method GetStatParams.
+type GetStatParamsOutput struct {
+	Arg0 *big.Int
+	Arg1 *big.Int
+	Arg2 *big.Int
+}
+
+// UnpackGetStatParams is the Go binding that unpacks the parameters returned
+// from invoking the contract method with ID 0x6fcb9c70.
+//
+// Solidity: function getStatParams() view returns(uint256, uint256, uint256)
+func (dB *DB) UnpackGetStatParams(data []byte) (GetStatParamsOutput, error) {
+	out, err := dB.abi.Unpack("getStatParams", data)
+	outstruct := new(GetStatParamsOutput)
+	if err != nil {
+		return *outstruct, err
+	}
+	outstruct.Arg0 = abi.ConvertType(out[0], new(big.Int)).(*big.Int)
+	outstruct.Arg1 = abi.ConvertType(out[1], new(big.Int)).(*big.Int)
+	outstruct.Arg2 = abi.ConvertType(out[2], new(big.Int)).(*big.Int)
+	return *outstruct, err
+
+}
+
+// PackGetStatsStruct is the Go binding used to pack the parameters required for calling
+// the contract method with ID 0xee8161e0.
+//
+// Solidity: function getStatsStruct() view returns((uint256,uint256,uint256))
+func (dB *DB) PackGetStatsStruct() []byte {
+	enc, err := dB.abi.Pack("getStatsStruct")
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return enc
+}
+
+// UnpackGetStatsStruct is the Go binding that unpacks the parameters returned
+// from invoking the contract method with ID 0xee8161e0.
+//
+// Solidity: function getStatsStruct() view returns((uint256,uint256,uint256))
+func (dB *DB) UnpackGetStatsStruct(data []byte) (DBStats, error) {
+	out, err := dB.abi.Unpack("getStatsStruct", data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return *new(DBStats), err
+	}
+	out0 := *abi.ConvertType(out[0], new(DBStats)).(*DBStats)
+	return out0, err
+}
+
+// PackInsert is the Go binding used to pack the parameters required for calling
+// the contract method with ID 0x1d834a1b.
+//
+// Solidity: function insert(uint256 k, uint256 v) returns(uint256)
+func (dB *DB) PackInsert(k *big.Int, v *big.Int) []byte {
+	enc, err := dB.abi.Pack("insert", k, v)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return enc
+}
+
+// UnpackInsert is the Go binding that unpacks the parameters returned
+// from invoking the contract method with ID 0x1d834a1b.
+//
+// Solidity: function insert(uint256 k, uint256 v) returns(uint256)
+func (dB *DB) UnpackInsert(data []byte) (*big.Int, error) {
+	out, err := dB.abi.Unpack("insert", data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return new(big.Int), err
+	}
+	out0 := abi.ConvertType(out[0], new(big.Int)).(*big.Int)
+	return out0, err
+}
+
+// DBInsert represents a Insert event raised by the DB contract.
+type DBInsert struct {
+	Key    *big.Int
+	Value  *big.Int
+	Length *big.Int
+	Raw    *types.Log // Blockchain specific contextual infos
+}
+
+const DBInsertEventName = "Insert"
+
+// ContractEventName returns the user-defined event name.
+func (DBInsert) ContractEventName() string {
+	return DBInsertEventName
+}
+
+// UnpackInsertEvent is the Go binding that unpacks the event data emitted
+// by contract.
+//
+// Solidity: event Insert(uint256 key, uint256 value, uint256 length)
+func (dB *DB) UnpackInsertEvent(log *types.Log) (*DBInsert, error) {
+	event := "Insert"
+	if log.Topics[0] != dB.abi.Events[event].ID {
+		return nil, errors.New("event signature mismatch")
+	}
+	out := new(DBInsert)
+	if len(log.Data) > 0 {
+		if err := dB.abi.UnpackIntoInterface(out, event, log.Data); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	var indexed abi.Arguments
+	for _, arg := range dB.abi.Events[event].Inputs {
+		if arg.Indexed {
+			indexed = append(indexed, arg)
+		}
+	}
+	if err := abi.ParseTopics(out, indexed, log.Topics[1:]); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	out.Raw = log
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// DBKeyedInsert represents a KeyedInsert event raised by the DB contract.
+type DBKeyedInsert struct {
+	Key   *big.Int
+	Value *big.Int
+	Raw   *types.Log // Blockchain specific contextual infos
+}
+
+const DBKeyedInsertEventName = "KeyedInsert"
+
+// ContractEventName returns the user-defined event name.
+func (DBKeyedInsert) ContractEventName() string {
+	return DBKeyedInsertEventName
+}
+
+// UnpackKeyedInsertEvent is the Go binding that unpacks the event data emitted
+// by contract.
+//
+// Solidity: event KeyedInsert(uint256 indexed key, uint256 value)
+func (dB *DB) UnpackKeyedInsertEvent(log *types.Log) (*DBKeyedInsert, error) {
+	event := "KeyedInsert"
+	if log.Topics[0] != dB.abi.Events[event].ID {
+		return nil, errors.New("event signature mismatch")
+	}
+	out := new(DBKeyedInsert)
+	if len(log.Data) > 0 {
+		if err := dB.abi.UnpackIntoInterface(out, event, log.Data); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	var indexed abi.Arguments
+	for _, arg := range dB.abi.Events[event].Inputs {
+		if arg.Indexed {
+			indexed = append(indexed, arg)
+		}
+	}
+	if err := abi.ParseTopics(out, indexed, log.Topics[1:]); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	out.Raw = log
+	return out, nil
+}
--- a/accounts/abi/bind/v2/internal/contracts/db/combined-abi.json
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/v2/internal/contracts/db/combined-abi.json
--- a/accounts/abi/bind/v2/internal/contracts/db/contract.sol
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/v2/internal/contracts/db/contract.sol
@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0
+pragma solidity >=0.7.0 <0.9.0;
+
+contract DB {
+    uint balance = 0;
+    mapping(uint => uint) private _store;
+    uint[] private _keys;
+    struct Stats {
+        uint gets;
+        uint inserts;
+        uint mods; // modifications
+    }
+    Stats _stats;
+
+    event KeyedInsert(uint indexed key, uint value);
+    event Insert(uint key, uint value, uint length);
+
+    constructor() {
+        _stats = Stats(0, 0, 0);
+    }
+
+    // insert adds a key value to the store, returning the new length of the store.
+    function insert(uint k, uint v) external returns (uint) {
+        // No need to store 0 values
+        if (v == 0) {
+            return _keys.length;
+        }
+        // Check if a key is being overriden
+        if (_store[k] == 0) {
+            _keys.push(k);
+            _stats.inserts++;
+        } else {
+            _stats.mods++;
+        }
+        _store[k] = v;
+        emit Insert(k, v, _keys.length);
+        emit KeyedInsert(k, v);
+
+        return _keys.length;
+    }
+
+    function get(uint k) public returns (uint) {
+        _stats.gets++;
+        return _store[k];
+    }
+
+    function getStatParams() public view returns (uint, uint, uint) {
+        return (_stats.gets, _stats.inserts, _stats.mods);
+    }
+
+    function getNamedStatParams() public view returns (uint gets, uint inserts, uint mods) {
+        return (_stats.gets, _stats.inserts, _stats.mods);
+    }
+
+    function getStatsStruct() public view returns (Stats memory) {
+        return _stats;
+    }
+
+    receive() external payable {
+        balance += msg.value;
+    }
+
+    fallback(bytes calldata _input) external returns (bytes memory _output) {
+        _output = _input;
+    }
+}
--- a/accounts/abi/bind/v2/internal/contracts/events/bindings.go
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/v2/internal/contracts/events/bindings.go
@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+// Code generated via abigen V2 - DO NOT EDIT.
+// This file is a generated binding and any manual changes will be lost.
+
+package events
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+	"math/big"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi/bind/v2"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+)
+
+// Reference imports to suppress errors if they are not otherwise used.
+var (
+	_ = bytes.Equal
+	_ = errors.New
+	_ = big.NewInt
+	_ = common.Big1
+	_ = types.BloomLookup
+	_ = abi.ConvertType
+)
+
+// CMetaData contains all meta data concerning the C contract.
+var CMetaData = bind.MetaData{
+	ABI: "[{\"inputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\",\"type\":\"constructor\"},{\"anonymous\":false,\"inputs\":[{\"indexed\":true,\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"id\",\"type\":\"uint256\"},{\"indexed\":false,\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"data\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"name\":\"basic1\",\"type\":\"event\"},{\"anonymous\":false,\"inputs\":[{\"indexed\":true,\"internalType\":\"bool\",\"name\":\"flag\",\"type\":\"bool\"},{\"indexed\":false,\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"data\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"name\":\"basic2\",\"type\":\"event\"},{\"inputs\":[],\"name\":\"EmitMulti\",\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\",\"type\":\"function\"},{\"inputs\":[],\"name\":\"EmitOne\",\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\",\"type\":\"function\"}]",
+	ID:  "55ef3c19a0ab1c1845f9e347540c1e51f5",
+	Bin: "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",
+}
+
+// C is an auto generated Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
+type C struct {
+	abi abi.ABI
+}
+
+// NewC creates a new instance of C.
+func NewC() *C {
+	parsed, err := CMetaData.ParseABI()
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(errors.New("invalid ABI: " + err.Error()))
+	}
+	return &C{abi: *parsed}
+}
+
+// Instance creates a wrapper for a deployed contract instance at the given address.
+// Use this to create the instance object passed to abigen v2 library functions Call, Transact, etc.
+func (c *C) Instance(backend bind.ContractBackend, addr common.Address) *bind.BoundContract {
+	return bind.NewBoundContract(addr, c.abi, backend, backend, backend)
+}
+
+// PackEmitMulti is the Go binding used to pack the parameters required for calling
+// the contract method with ID 0xcb493749.
+//
+// Solidity: function EmitMulti() returns()
+func (c *C) PackEmitMulti() []byte {
+	enc, err := c.abi.Pack("EmitMulti")
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return enc
+}
+
+// PackEmitOne is the Go binding used to pack the parameters required for calling
+// the contract method with ID 0xe8e49a71.
+//
+// Solidity: function EmitOne() returns()
+func (c *C) PackEmitOne() []byte {
+	enc, err := c.abi.Pack("EmitOne")
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return enc
+}
+
+// CBasic1 represents a basic1 event raised by the C contract.
+type CBasic1 struct {
+	Id   *big.Int
+	Data *big.Int
+	Raw  *types.Log // Blockchain specific contextual infos
+}
+
+const CBasic1EventName = "basic1"
+
+// ContractEventName returns the user-defined event name.
+func (CBasic1) ContractEventName() string {
+	return CBasic1EventName
+}
+
+// UnpackBasic1Event is the Go binding that unpacks the event data emitted
+// by contract.
+//
+// Solidity: event basic1(uint256 indexed id, uint256 data)
+func (c *C) UnpackBasic1Event(log *types.Log) (*CBasic1, error) {
+	event := "basic1"
+	if log.Topics[0] != c.abi.Events[event].ID {
+		return nil, errors.New("event signature mismatch")
+	}
+	out := new(CBasic1)
+	if len(log.Data) > 0 {
+		if err := c.abi.UnpackIntoInterface(out, event, log.Data); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	var indexed abi.Arguments
+	for _, arg := range c.abi.Events[event].Inputs {
+		if arg.Indexed {
+			indexed = append(indexed, arg)
+		}
+	}
+	if err := abi.ParseTopics(out, indexed, log.Topics[1:]); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	out.Raw = log
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// CBasic2 represents a basic2 event raised by the C contract.
+type CBasic2 struct {
+	Flag bool
+	Data *big.Int
+	Raw  *types.Log // Blockchain specific contextual infos
+}
+
+const CBasic2EventName = "basic2"
+
+// ContractEventName returns the user-defined event name.
+func (CBasic2) ContractEventName() string {
+	return CBasic2EventName
+}
+
+// UnpackBasic2Event is the Go binding that unpacks the event data emitted
+// by contract.
+//
+// Solidity: event basic2(bool indexed flag, uint256 data)
+func (c *C) UnpackBasic2Event(log *types.Log) (*CBasic2, error) {
+	event := "basic2"
+	if log.Topics[0] != c.abi.Events[event].ID {
+		return nil, errors.New("event signature mismatch")
+	}
+	out := new(CBasic2)
+	if len(log.Data) > 0 {
+		if err := c.abi.UnpackIntoInterface(out, event, log.Data); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	var indexed abi.Arguments
+	for _, arg := range c.abi.Events[event].Inputs {
+		if arg.Indexed {
+			indexed = append(indexed, arg)
+		}
+	}
+	if err := abi.ParseTopics(out, indexed, log.Topics[1:]); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	out.Raw = log
+	return out, nil
+}
--- a/accounts/abi/bind/v2/internal/contracts/events/combined-abi.json
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/v2/internal/contracts/events/combined-abi.json
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"contracts":{"contract.sol:C":{"abi":[{"inputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"constructor"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"uint256","name":"id","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"data","type":"uint256"}],"name":"basic1","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"bool","name":"flag","type":"bool"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"data","type":"uint256"}],"name":"basic2","type":"event"},{"inputs":[],"name":"EmitMulti","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"EmitOne","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"}],"bin":"6080604052348015600e575f5ffd5b506101a08061001c5f395ff3fe608060405234801561000f575f5ffd5b5060043610610034575f3560e01c8063cb49374914610038578063e8e49a7114610042575b5f5ffd5b61004061004c565b005b61004a6100fd565b005b60017f8f17dc823e2f9fcdf730b8182c935574691e811e7d46399fe0ff0087795cd207600260405161007e9190610151565b60405180910390a260037f8f17dc823e2f9fcdf730b8182c935574691e811e7d46399fe0ff0087795cd20760046040516100b89190610151565b60405180910390a25f15157f3b29b9f6d15ba80d866afb3d70b7548ab1ffda3ef6e65f35f1cb05b0e2b29f4e60016040516100f39190610151565b60405180910390a2565b60017f8f17dc823e2f9fcdf730b8182c935574691e811e7d46399fe0ff0087795cd207600260405161012f9190610151565b60405180910390a2565b5f819050919050565b61014b81610139565b82525050565b5f6020820190506101645f830184610142565b9291505056fea26469706673582212207331c79de16a73a1639c4c4b3489ea78a3ed35fe62a178824f586df12672ac0564736f6c634300081c0033"}},"version":"0.8.28+commit.7893614a.Darwin.appleclang"}
--- a/accounts/abi/bind/v2/internal/contracts/events/contract.sol
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/v2/internal/contracts/events/contract.sol
@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+pragma solidity ^0.8.26;
+
+contract C {
+    event basic1(
+        uint256 indexed id,
+        uint256 data
+    );
+    event basic2(
+        bool indexed flag,
+        uint256 data
+    );
+
+    function EmitOne() public {
+        emit basic1(
+            uint256(1),
+            uint256(2));
+    }
+
+    // emit multiple events, different types
+    function EmitMulti() public {
+        emit basic1(
+            uint256(1),
+            uint256(2));
+        emit basic1(
+            uint256(3),
+            uint256(4));
+        emit basic2(
+            false,
+            uint256(1));
+    }
+
+    constructor() {
+        // do something with these
+    }
+}
--- a/accounts/abi/bind/v2/internal/contracts/nested_libraries/abi.json
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/v2/internal/contracts/nested_libraries/abi.json
--- a/accounts/abi/bind/v2/internal/contracts/nested_libraries/bindings.go
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/v2/internal/contracts/nested_libraries/bindings.go
@ -0,0 +1,486 @@
+// Code generated via abigen V2 - DO NOT EDIT.
+// This file is a generated binding and any manual changes will be lost.
+
+package nested_libraries
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+	"math/big"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi/bind/v2"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+)
+
+// Reference imports to suppress errors if they are not otherwise used.
+var (
+	_ = bytes.Equal
+	_ = errors.New
+	_ = big.NewInt
+	_ = common.Big1
+	_ = types.BloomLookup
+	_ = abi.ConvertType
+)
+
+// C1MetaData contains all meta data concerning the C1 contract.
+var C1MetaData = bind.MetaData{
+	ABI: "[{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"v1\",\"type\":\"uint256\"},{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"v2\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\",\"type\":\"constructor\"},{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"val\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"name\":\"Do\",\"outputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"res\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"pure\",\"type\":\"function\"}]",
+	ID:  "ae26158f1824f3918bd66724ee8b6eb7c9",
+	Bin: "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__$ffc1393672b8ed81d0c8093ffcb0e7fbe8$__632ad112725f6040518263ffffffff1660e01b81526004016100979190610200565b602060405180830381865af41580156100b2573d5f5f3e3d5ffd5b505050506040513d601f19601f820116820180604052508101906100d6919061022d565b73__$5f33a1fab8ea7d932b4bc8c5e7dcd90bc2$__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",
+	Deps: []*bind.MetaData{
+		&L1MetaData,
+		&L4MetaData,
+	},
+}
+
+// C1 is an auto generated Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
+type C1 struct {
+	abi abi.ABI
+}
+
+// NewC1 creates a new instance of C1.
+func NewC1() *C1 {
+	parsed, err := C1MetaData.ParseABI()
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(errors.New("invalid ABI: " + err.Error()))
+	}
+	return &C1{abi: *parsed}
+}
+
+// Instance creates a wrapper for a deployed contract instance at the given address.
+// Use this to create the instance object passed to abigen v2 library functions Call, Transact, etc.
+func (c *C1) Instance(backend bind.ContractBackend, addr common.Address) *bind.BoundContract {
+	return bind.NewBoundContract(addr, c.abi, backend, backend, backend)
+}
+
+// PackConstructor is the Go binding used to pack the parameters required for
+// contract deployment.
+//
+// Solidity: constructor(uint256 v1, uint256 v2) returns()
+func (c1 *C1) PackConstructor(v1 *big.Int, v2 *big.Int) []byte {
+	enc, err := c1.abi.Pack("", v1, v2)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return enc
+}
+
+// PackDo is the Go binding used to pack the parameters required for calling
+// the contract method with ID 0x2ad11272.
+//
+// Solidity: function Do(uint256 val) pure returns(uint256 res)
+func (c1 *C1) PackDo(val *big.Int) []byte {
+	enc, err := c1.abi.Pack("Do", val)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return enc
+}
+
+// UnpackDo is the Go binding that unpacks the parameters returned
+// from invoking the contract method with ID 0x2ad11272.
+//
+// Solidity: function Do(uint256 val) pure returns(uint256 res)
+func (c1 *C1) UnpackDo(data []byte) (*big.Int, error) {
+	out, err := c1.abi.Unpack("Do", data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return new(big.Int), err
+	}
+	out0 := abi.ConvertType(out[0], new(big.Int)).(*big.Int)
+	return out0, err
+}
+
+// C2MetaData contains all meta data concerning the C2 contract.
+var C2MetaData = bind.MetaData{
+	ABI: "[{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"v1\",\"type\":\"uint256\"},{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"v2\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\",\"type\":\"constructor\"},{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"val\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"name\":\"Do\",\"outputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"res\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"pure\",\"type\":\"function\"}]",
+	ID:  "78ef2840de5b706112ca2dbfa765501a89",
+	Bin: "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__$ffc1393672b8ed81d0c8093ffcb0e7fbe8$__632ad112725f6040518263ffffffff1660e01b81526004016100979190610200565b602060405180830381865af41580156100b2573d5f5f3e3d5ffd5b505050506040513d601f19601f820116820180604052508101906100d6919061022d565b73__$6070639404c39b5667691bb1f9177e1eac$__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",
+	Deps: []*bind.MetaData{
+		&L1MetaData,
+		&L4bMetaData,
+	},
+}
+
+// C2 is an auto generated Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
+type C2 struct {
+	abi abi.ABI
+}
+
+// NewC2 creates a new instance of C2.
+func NewC2() *C2 {
+	parsed, err := C2MetaData.ParseABI()
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(errors.New("invalid ABI: " + err.Error()))
+	}
+	return &C2{abi: *parsed}
+}
+
+// Instance creates a wrapper for a deployed contract instance at the given address.
+// Use this to create the instance object passed to abigen v2 library functions Call, Transact, etc.
+func (c *C2) Instance(backend bind.ContractBackend, addr common.Address) *bind.BoundContract {
+	return bind.NewBoundContract(addr, c.abi, backend, backend, backend)
+}
+
+// PackConstructor is the Go binding used to pack the parameters required for
+// contract deployment.
+//
+// Solidity: constructor(uint256 v1, uint256 v2) returns()
+func (c2 *C2) PackConstructor(v1 *big.Int, v2 *big.Int) []byte {
+	enc, err := c2.abi.Pack("", v1, v2)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return enc
+}
+
+// PackDo is the Go binding used to pack the parameters required for calling
+// the contract method with ID 0x2ad11272.
+//
+// Solidity: function Do(uint256 val) pure returns(uint256 res)
+func (c2 *C2) PackDo(val *big.Int) []byte {
+	enc, err := c2.abi.Pack("Do", val)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return enc
+}
+
+// UnpackDo is the Go binding that unpacks the parameters returned
+// from invoking the contract method with ID 0x2ad11272.
+//
+// Solidity: function Do(uint256 val) pure returns(uint256 res)
+func (c2 *C2) UnpackDo(data []byte) (*big.Int, error) {
+	out, err := c2.abi.Unpack("Do", data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return new(big.Int), err
+	}
+	out0 := abi.ConvertType(out[0], new(big.Int)).(*big.Int)
+	return out0, err
+}
+
+// L1MetaData contains all meta data concerning the L1 contract.
+var L1MetaData = bind.MetaData{
+	ABI: "[{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"val\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"name\":\"Do\",\"outputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"pure\",\"type\":\"function\"}]",
+	ID:  "ffc1393672b8ed81d0c8093ffcb0e7fbe8",
+	Bin: "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",
+}
+
+// L1 is an auto generated Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
+type L1 struct {
+	abi abi.ABI
+}
+
+// NewL1 creates a new instance of L1.
+func NewL1() *L1 {
+	parsed, err := L1MetaData.ParseABI()
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(errors.New("invalid ABI: " + err.Error()))
+	}
+	return &L1{abi: *parsed}
+}
+
+// Instance creates a wrapper for a deployed contract instance at the given address.
+// Use this to create the instance object passed to abigen v2 library functions Call, Transact, etc.
+func (c *L1) Instance(backend bind.ContractBackend, addr common.Address) *bind.BoundContract {
+	return bind.NewBoundContract(addr, c.abi, backend, backend, backend)
+}
+
+// PackDo is the Go binding used to pack the parameters required for calling
+// the contract method with ID 0x2ad11272.
+//
+// Solidity: function Do(uint256 val) pure returns(uint256)
+func (l1 *L1) PackDo(val *big.Int) []byte {
+	enc, err := l1.abi.Pack("Do", val)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return enc
+}
+
+// UnpackDo is the Go binding that unpacks the parameters returned
+// from invoking the contract method with ID 0x2ad11272.
+//
+// Solidity: function Do(uint256 val) pure returns(uint256)
+func (l1 *L1) UnpackDo(data []byte) (*big.Int, error) {
+	out, err := l1.abi.Unpack("Do", data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return new(big.Int), err
+	}
+	out0 := abi.ConvertType(out[0], new(big.Int)).(*big.Int)
+	return out0, err
+}
+
+// L2MetaData contains all meta data concerning the L2 contract.
+var L2MetaData = bind.MetaData{
+	ABI: "[{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"val\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"name\":\"Do\",\"outputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"pure\",\"type\":\"function\"}]",
+	ID:  "2ce896a6dd38932d354f317286f90bc675",
+	Bin: "0x61025161004d600b8282823980515f1a6073146041577f4e487b71000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005f525f60045260245ffd5b305f52607381538281f3fe7300000000000000000000000000000000000000003014608060405260043610610034575f3560e01c80632ad1127214610038575b5f5ffd5b610052600480360381019061004d9190610129565b610068565b60405161005f9190610163565b60405180910390f35b5f600173__$ffc1393672b8ed81d0c8093ffcb0e7fbe8$__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",
+	Deps: []*bind.MetaData{
+		&L1MetaData,
+	},
+}
+
+// L2 is an auto generated Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
+type L2 struct {
+	abi abi.ABI
+}
+
+// NewL2 creates a new instance of L2.
+func NewL2() *L2 {
+	parsed, err := L2MetaData.ParseABI()
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(errors.New("invalid ABI: " + err.Error()))
+	}
+	return &L2{abi: *parsed}
+}
+
+// Instance creates a wrapper for a deployed contract instance at the given address.
+// Use this to create the instance object passed to abigen v2 library functions Call, Transact, etc.
+func (c *L2) Instance(backend bind.ContractBackend, addr common.Address) *bind.BoundContract {
+	return bind.NewBoundContract(addr, c.abi, backend, backend, backend)
+}
+
+// PackDo is the Go binding used to pack the parameters required for calling
+// the contract method with ID 0x2ad11272.
+//
+// Solidity: function Do(uint256 val) pure returns(uint256)
+func (l2 *L2) PackDo(val *big.Int) []byte {
+	enc, err := l2.abi.Pack("Do", val)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return enc
+}
+
+// UnpackDo is the Go binding that unpacks the parameters returned
+// from invoking the contract method with ID 0x2ad11272.
+//
+// Solidity: function Do(uint256 val) pure returns(uint256)
+func (l2 *L2) UnpackDo(data []byte) (*big.Int, error) {
+	out, err := l2.abi.Unpack("Do", data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return new(big.Int), err
+	}
+	out0 := abi.ConvertType(out[0], new(big.Int)).(*big.Int)
+	return out0, err
+}
+
+// L2bMetaData contains all meta data concerning the L2b contract.
+var L2bMetaData = bind.MetaData{
+	ABI: "[{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"val\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"name\":\"Do\",\"outputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"pure\",\"type\":\"function\"}]",
+	ID:  "fd1474cf57f7ed48491e8bfdfd0d172adf",
+	Bin: "0x61025161004d600b8282823980515f1a6073146041577f4e487b71000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005f525f60045260245ffd5b305f52607381538281f3fe7300000000000000000000000000000000000000003014608060405260043610610034575f3560e01c80632ad1127214610038575b5f5ffd5b610052600480360381019061004d9190610129565b610068565b60405161005f9190610163565b60405180910390f35b5f600173__$ffc1393672b8ed81d0c8093ffcb0e7fbe8$__632ad11272846040518263ffffffff1660e01b81526004016100a29190610163565b602060405180830381865af41580156100bd573d5f5f3e3d5ffd5b505050506040513d601f19601f820116820180604052508101906100e19190610190565b6100eb91906101e8565b9050919050565b5f5ffd5b5f819050919050565b610108816100f6565b8114610112575f5ffd5b50565b5f81359050610123816100ff565b92915050565b5f6020828403121561013e5761013d6100f2565b5b5f61014b84828501610115565b91505092915050565b61015d816100f6565b82525050565b5f6020820190506101765f830184610154565b92915050565b5f8151905061018a816100ff565b92915050565b5f602082840312156101a5576101a46100f2565b5b5f6101b28482850161017c565b91505092915050565b7f4e487b71000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005f52601160045260245ffd5b5f6101f2826100f6565b91506101fd836100f6565b9250828201905080821115610215576102146101bb565b5b9291505056fea2646970667358221220d6e7078682642d273736fd63baaa28538fe72495816c810fa0e77034de385dc564736f6c634300081c0033",
+	Deps: []*bind.MetaData{
+		&L1MetaData,
+	},
+}
+
+// L2b is an auto generated Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
+type L2b struct {
+	abi abi.ABI
+}
+
+// NewL2b creates a new instance of L2b.
+func NewL2b() *L2b {
+	parsed, err := L2bMetaData.ParseABI()
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(errors.New("invalid ABI: " + err.Error()))
+	}
+	return &L2b{abi: *parsed}
+}
+
+// Instance creates a wrapper for a deployed contract instance at the given address.
+// Use this to create the instance object passed to abigen v2 library functions Call, Transact, etc.
+func (c *L2b) Instance(backend bind.ContractBackend, addr common.Address) *bind.BoundContract {
+	return bind.NewBoundContract(addr, c.abi, backend, backend, backend)
+}
+
+// PackDo is the Go binding used to pack the parameters required for calling
+// the contract method with ID 0x2ad11272.
+//
+// Solidity: function Do(uint256 val) pure returns(uint256)
+func (l2b *L2b) PackDo(val *big.Int) []byte {
+	enc, err := l2b.abi.Pack("Do", val)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return enc
+}
+
+// UnpackDo is the Go binding that unpacks the parameters returned
+// from invoking the contract method with ID 0x2ad11272.
+//
+// Solidity: function Do(uint256 val) pure returns(uint256)
+func (l2b *L2b) UnpackDo(data []byte) (*big.Int, error) {
+	out, err := l2b.abi.Unpack("Do", data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return new(big.Int), err
+	}
+	out0 := abi.ConvertType(out[0], new(big.Int)).(*big.Int)
+	return out0, err
+}
+
+// L3MetaData contains all meta data concerning the L3 contract.
+var L3MetaData = bind.MetaData{
+	ABI: "[{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"val\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"name\":\"Do\",\"outputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"pure\",\"type\":\"function\"}]",
+	ID:  "d03b97f5e1a564374023a72ac7d1806773",
+	Bin: "0x61011c61004d600b8282823980515f1a6073146041577f4e487b71000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005f525f60045260245ffd5b305f52607381538281f3fe73000000000000000000000000000000000000000030146080604052600436106032575f3560e01c80632ad11272146036575b5f5ffd5b604c600480360381019060489190609c565b6060565b6040516057919060cf565b60405180910390f35b5f60019050919050565b5f5ffd5b5f819050919050565b607e81606e565b81146087575f5ffd5b50565b5f813590506096816077565b92915050565b5f6020828403121560ae5760ad606a565b5b5f60b984828501608a565b91505092915050565b60c981606e565b82525050565b5f60208201905060e05f83018460c2565b9291505056fea264697066735822122094cfcb0ce039318885cc58f6d8e609e6e4bec575e1a046d3d15ea2e01e97241e64736f6c634300081c0033",
+}
+
+// L3 is an auto generated Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
+type L3 struct {
+	abi abi.ABI
+}
+
+// NewL3 creates a new instance of L3.
+func NewL3() *L3 {
+	parsed, err := L3MetaData.ParseABI()
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(errors.New("invalid ABI: " + err.Error()))
+	}
+	return &L3{abi: *parsed}
+}
+
+// Instance creates a wrapper for a deployed contract instance at the given address.
+// Use this to create the instance object passed to abigen v2 library functions Call, Transact, etc.
+func (c *L3) Instance(backend bind.ContractBackend, addr common.Address) *bind.BoundContract {
+	return bind.NewBoundContract(addr, c.abi, backend, backend, backend)
+}
+
+// PackDo is the Go binding used to pack the parameters required for calling
+// the contract method with ID 0x2ad11272.
+//
+// Solidity: function Do(uint256 val) pure returns(uint256)
+func (l3 *L3) PackDo(val *big.Int) []byte {
+	enc, err := l3.abi.Pack("Do", val)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return enc
+}
+
+// UnpackDo is the Go binding that unpacks the parameters returned
+// from invoking the contract method with ID 0x2ad11272.
+//
+// Solidity: function Do(uint256 val) pure returns(uint256)
+func (l3 *L3) UnpackDo(data []byte) (*big.Int, error) {
+	out, err := l3.abi.Unpack("Do", data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return new(big.Int), err
+	}
+	out0 := abi.ConvertType(out[0], new(big.Int)).(*big.Int)
+	return out0, err
+}
+
+// L4MetaData contains all meta data concerning the L4 contract.
+var L4MetaData = bind.MetaData{
+	ABI: "[{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"val\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"name\":\"Do\",\"outputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"pure\",\"type\":\"function\"}]",
+	ID:  "5f33a1fab8ea7d932b4bc8c5e7dcd90bc2",
+	Bin: "0x6102d161004d600b8282823980515f1a6073146041577f4e487b71000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005f525f60045260245ffd5b305f52607381538281f3fe7300000000000000000000000000000000000000003014608060405260043610610034575f3560e01c80632ad1127214610038575b5f5ffd5b610052600480360381019061004d91906101a9565b610068565b60405161005f91906101e3565b60405180910390f35b5f600173__$d03b97f5e1a564374023a72ac7d1806773$__632ad11272846040518263ffffffff1660e01b81526004016100a291906101e3565b602060405180830381865af41580156100bd573d5f5f3e3d5ffd5b505050506040513d601f19601f820116820180604052508101906100e19190610210565b73__$2ce896a6dd38932d354f317286f90bc675$__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",
+	Deps: []*bind.MetaData{
+		&L2MetaData,
+		&L3MetaData,
+	},
+}
+
+// L4 is an auto generated Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
+type L4 struct {
+	abi abi.ABI
+}
+
+// NewL4 creates a new instance of L4.
+func NewL4() *L4 {
+	parsed, err := L4MetaData.ParseABI()
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(errors.New("invalid ABI: " + err.Error()))
+	}
+	return &L4{abi: *parsed}
+}
+
+// Instance creates a wrapper for a deployed contract instance at the given address.
+// Use this to create the instance object passed to abigen v2 library functions Call, Transact, etc.
+func (c *L4) Instance(backend bind.ContractBackend, addr common.Address) *bind.BoundContract {
+	return bind.NewBoundContract(addr, c.abi, backend, backend, backend)
+}
+
+// PackDo is the Go binding used to pack the parameters required for calling
+// the contract method with ID 0x2ad11272.
+//
+// Solidity: function Do(uint256 val) pure returns(uint256)
+func (l4 *L4) PackDo(val *big.Int) []byte {
+	enc, err := l4.abi.Pack("Do", val)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return enc
+}
+
+// UnpackDo is the Go binding that unpacks the parameters returned
+// from invoking the contract method with ID 0x2ad11272.
+//
+// Solidity: function Do(uint256 val) pure returns(uint256)
+func (l4 *L4) UnpackDo(data []byte) (*big.Int, error) {
+	out, err := l4.abi.Unpack("Do", data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return new(big.Int), err
+	}
+	out0 := abi.ConvertType(out[0], new(big.Int)).(*big.Int)
+	return out0, err
+}
+
+// L4bMetaData contains all meta data concerning the L4b contract.
+var L4bMetaData = bind.MetaData{
+	ABI: "[{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"val\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"name\":\"Do\",\"outputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"pure\",\"type\":\"function\"}]",
+	ID:  "6070639404c39b5667691bb1f9177e1eac",
+	Bin: "0x61025161004d600b8282823980515f1a6073146041577f4e487b71000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005f525f60045260245ffd5b305f52607381538281f3fe7300000000000000000000000000000000000000003014608060405260043610610034575f3560e01c80632ad1127214610038575b5f5ffd5b610052600480360381019061004d9190610129565b610068565b60405161005f9190610163565b60405180910390f35b5f600173__$fd1474cf57f7ed48491e8bfdfd0d172adf$__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",
+	Deps: []*bind.MetaData{
+		&L2bMetaData,
+	},
+}
+
+// L4b is an auto generated Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
+type L4b struct {
+	abi abi.ABI
+}
+
+// NewL4b creates a new instance of L4b.
+func NewL4b() *L4b {
+	parsed, err := L4bMetaData.ParseABI()
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(errors.New("invalid ABI: " + err.Error()))
+	}
+	return &L4b{abi: *parsed}
+}
+
+// Instance creates a wrapper for a deployed contract instance at the given address.
+// Use this to create the instance object passed to abigen v2 library functions Call, Transact, etc.
+func (c *L4b) Instance(backend bind.ContractBackend, addr common.Address) *bind.BoundContract {
+	return bind.NewBoundContract(addr, c.abi, backend, backend, backend)
+}
+
+// PackDo is the Go binding used to pack the parameters required for calling
+// the contract method with ID 0x2ad11272.
+//
+// Solidity: function Do(uint256 val) pure returns(uint256)
+func (l4b *L4b) PackDo(val *big.Int) []byte {
+	enc, err := l4b.abi.Pack("Do", val)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return enc
+}
+
+// UnpackDo is the Go binding that unpacks the parameters returned
+// from invoking the contract method with ID 0x2ad11272.
+//
+// Solidity: function Do(uint256 val) pure returns(uint256)
+func (l4b *L4b) UnpackDo(data []byte) (*big.Int, error) {
+	out, err := l4b.abi.Unpack("Do", data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return new(big.Int), err
+	}
+	out0 := abi.ConvertType(out[0], new(big.Int)).(*big.Int)
+	return out0, err
+}
--- a/accounts/abi/bind/v2/internal/contracts/nested_libraries/combined-abi.json
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/v2/internal/contracts/nested_libraries/combined-abi.json
--- a/accounts/abi/bind/v2/internal/contracts/nested_libraries/contract.sol
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/v2/internal/contracts/nested_libraries/contract.sol
@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+pragma solidity ^0.8.26;
+
+
+//  L1
+//   \
+//     L2  L3   L1
+//      \ /    /
+//       L4   /
+//        \  /
+//         C1
+//
+library L1 {
+    function Do(uint256 val) public pure returns (uint256) {
+        return uint256(1);
+    }
+}
+
+library L2 {
+    function Do(uint256 val) public pure returns (uint256) {
+        return L1.Do(val) + uint256(1);
+    }
+}
+
+library L3 {
+    function Do(uint256 val) public pure returns (uint256) {
+        return uint256(1);
+    }
+}
+
+library L4 {
+    function Do(uint256 val) public pure returns (uint256) {
+        return L2.Do(uint256(val)) + L3.Do(uint256(val)) + uint256(1);
+    }
+}
+
+contract C1 {
+    function Do(uint256 val) public pure  returns (uint256 res) {
+        return L4.Do(uint256(val)) + L1.Do(uint256(0)) + uint256(1);
+    }
+
+    constructor(uint256 v1, uint256 v2) {
+        // do something with these
+    }
+}
+
+// second contract+libraries: slightly different library deps than V1, but sharing several
+//  L1
+//   \
+//     L2b  L3  L1
+//      \  /   /
+//       L4b  /
+//        \  /
+//         C2
+//
+library L4b {
+        function Do(uint256 val) public pure returns (uint256) {
+            return L2b.Do(uint256(val)) + uint256(1);
+        }
+}
+
+library L2b {
+        function Do(uint256 val) public pure returns (uint256) {
+            return L1.Do(uint256(val)) + uint256(1);
+        }
+}
+
+contract C2 {
+    function Do(uint256 val) public pure  returns (uint256 res) {
+        return L4b.Do(uint256(val)) + L1.Do(uint256(0)) + uint256(1);
+    }
+
+    constructor(uint256 v1, uint256 v2) {
+        // do something with these
+    }
+}
--- a/accounts/abi/bind/v2/internal/contracts/solc_errors/bindings.go
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/v2/internal/contracts/solc_errors/bindings.go
@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+// Code generated via abigen V2 - DO NOT EDIT.
+// This file is a generated binding and any manual changes will be lost.
+
+package solc_errors
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+	"math/big"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi/bind/v2"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+)
+
+// Reference imports to suppress errors if they are not otherwise used.
+var (
+	_ = bytes.Equal
+	_ = errors.New
+	_ = big.NewInt
+	_ = common.Big1
+	_ = types.BloomLookup
+	_ = abi.ConvertType
+)
+
+// CMetaData contains all meta data concerning the C contract.
+var CMetaData = bind.MetaData{
+	ABI: "[{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"arg1\",\"type\":\"uint256\"},{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"arg2\",\"type\":\"uint256\"},{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"arg3\",\"type\":\"uint256\"},{\"internalType\":\"bool\",\"name\":\"arg4\",\"type\":\"bool\"}],\"name\":\"BadThing\",\"type\":\"error\"},{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"arg1\",\"type\":\"uint256\"},{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"arg2\",\"type\":\"uint256\"},{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"arg3\",\"type\":\"uint256\"},{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"arg4\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"name\":\"BadThing2\",\"type\":\"error\"},{\"inputs\":[],\"name\":\"Bar\",\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"pure\",\"type\":\"function\"},{\"inputs\":[],\"name\":\"Foo\",\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"pure\",\"type\":\"function\"}]",
+	ID:  "55ef3c19a0ab1c1845f9e347540c1e51f5",
+	Bin: "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",
+}
+
+// C is an auto generated Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
+type C struct {
+	abi abi.ABI
+}
+
+// NewC creates a new instance of C.
+func NewC() *C {
+	parsed, err := CMetaData.ParseABI()
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(errors.New("invalid ABI: " + err.Error()))
+	}
+	return &C{abi: *parsed}
+}
+
+// Instance creates a wrapper for a deployed contract instance at the given address.
+// Use this to create the instance object passed to abigen v2 library functions Call, Transact, etc.
+func (c *C) Instance(backend bind.ContractBackend, addr common.Address) *bind.BoundContract {
+	return bind.NewBoundContract(addr, c.abi, backend, backend, backend)
+}
+
+// PackBar is the Go binding used to pack the parameters required for calling
+// the contract method with ID 0xb0a378b0.
+//
+// Solidity: function Bar() pure returns()
+func (c *C) PackBar() []byte {
+	enc, err := c.abi.Pack("Bar")
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return enc
+}
+
+// PackFoo is the Go binding used to pack the parameters required for calling
+// the contract method with ID 0xbfb4ebcf.
+//
+// Solidity: function Foo() pure returns()
+func (c *C) PackFoo() []byte {
+	enc, err := c.abi.Pack("Foo")
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return enc
+}
+
+// UnpackError attempts to decode the provided error data using user-defined
+// error definitions.
+func (c *C) UnpackError(raw []byte) (any, error) {
+	if bytes.Equal(raw[:4], c.abi.Errors["BadThing"].ID.Bytes()[:4]) {
+		return c.UnpackBadThingError(raw[4:])
+	}
+	if bytes.Equal(raw[:4], c.abi.Errors["BadThing2"].ID.Bytes()[:4]) {
+		return c.UnpackBadThing2Error(raw[4:])
+	}
+	return nil, errors.New("Unknown error")
+}
+
+// CBadThing represents a BadThing error raised by the C contract.
+type CBadThing struct {
+	Arg1 *big.Int
+	Arg2 *big.Int
+	Arg3 *big.Int
+	Arg4 bool
+}
+
+// ErrorID returns the hash of canonical representation of the error's signature.
+//
+// Solidity: error BadThing(uint256 arg1, uint256 arg2, uint256 arg3, bool arg4)
+func CBadThingErrorID() common.Hash {
+	return common.HexToHash("0xbb6a82f123854747ef4381e30e497f934a3854753fec99a69c35c30d4b46714d")
+}
+
+// UnpackBadThingError is the Go binding used to decode the provided
+// error data into the corresponding Go error struct.
+//
+// Solidity: error BadThing(uint256 arg1, uint256 arg2, uint256 arg3, bool arg4)
+func (c *C) UnpackBadThingError(raw []byte) (*CBadThing, error) {
+	out := new(CBadThing)
+	if err := c.abi.UnpackIntoInterface(out, "BadThing", raw); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// CBadThing2 represents a BadThing2 error raised by the C contract.
+type CBadThing2 struct {
+	Arg1 *big.Int
+	Arg2 *big.Int
+	Arg3 *big.Int
+	Arg4 *big.Int
+}
+
+// ErrorID returns the hash of canonical representation of the error's signature.
+//
+// Solidity: error BadThing2(uint256 arg1, uint256 arg2, uint256 arg3, uint256 arg4)
+func CBadThing2ErrorID() common.Hash {
+	return common.HexToHash("0xd233a24f02271fe7c9470e060d0fda6447a142bf12ab31fed7ab65affd546175")
+}
+
+// UnpackBadThing2Error is the Go binding used to decode the provided
+// error data into the corresponding Go error struct.
+//
+// Solidity: error BadThing2(uint256 arg1, uint256 arg2, uint256 arg3, uint256 arg4)
+func (c *C) UnpackBadThing2Error(raw []byte) (*CBadThing2, error) {
+	out := new(CBadThing2)
+	if err := c.abi.UnpackIntoInterface(out, "BadThing2", raw); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// C2MetaData contains all meta data concerning the C2 contract.
+var C2MetaData = bind.MetaData{
+	ABI: "[{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"arg1\",\"type\":\"uint256\"},{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"arg2\",\"type\":\"uint256\"},{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"arg3\",\"type\":\"uint256\"},{\"internalType\":\"bool\",\"name\":\"arg4\",\"type\":\"bool\"}],\"name\":\"BadThing\",\"type\":\"error\"},{\"inputs\":[],\"name\":\"Foo\",\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"pure\",\"type\":\"function\"}]",
+	ID:  "78ef2840de5b706112ca2dbfa765501a89",
+	Bin: "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",
+}
+
+// C2 is an auto generated Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
+type C2 struct {
+	abi abi.ABI
+}
+
+// NewC2 creates a new instance of C2.
+func NewC2() *C2 {
+	parsed, err := C2MetaData.ParseABI()
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(errors.New("invalid ABI: " + err.Error()))
+	}
+	return &C2{abi: *parsed}
+}
+
+// Instance creates a wrapper for a deployed contract instance at the given address.
+// Use this to create the instance object passed to abigen v2 library functions Call, Transact, etc.
+func (c *C2) Instance(backend bind.ContractBackend, addr common.Address) *bind.BoundContract {
+	return bind.NewBoundContract(addr, c.abi, backend, backend, backend)
+}
+
+// PackFoo is the Go binding used to pack the parameters required for calling
+// the contract method with ID 0xbfb4ebcf.
+//
+// Solidity: function Foo() pure returns()
+func (c2 *C2) PackFoo() []byte {
+	enc, err := c2.abi.Pack("Foo")
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return enc
+}
+
+// UnpackError attempts to decode the provided error data using user-defined
+// error definitions.
+func (c2 *C2) UnpackError(raw []byte) (any, error) {
+	if bytes.Equal(raw[:4], c2.abi.Errors["BadThing"].ID.Bytes()[:4]) {
+		return c2.UnpackBadThingError(raw[4:])
+	}
+	return nil, errors.New("Unknown error")
+}
+
+// C2BadThing represents a BadThing error raised by the C2 contract.
+type C2BadThing struct {
+	Arg1 *big.Int
+	Arg2 *big.Int
+	Arg3 *big.Int
+	Arg4 bool
+}
+
+// ErrorID returns the hash of canonical representation of the error's signature.
+//
+// Solidity: error BadThing(uint256 arg1, uint256 arg2, uint256 arg3, bool arg4)
+func C2BadThingErrorID() common.Hash {
+	return common.HexToHash("0xbb6a82f123854747ef4381e30e497f934a3854753fec99a69c35c30d4b46714d")
+}
+
+// UnpackBadThingError is the Go binding used to decode the provided
+// error data into the corresponding Go error struct.
+//
+// Solidity: error BadThing(uint256 arg1, uint256 arg2, uint256 arg3, bool arg4)
+func (c2 *C2) UnpackBadThingError(raw []byte) (*C2BadThing, error) {
+	out := new(C2BadThing)
+	if err := c2.abi.UnpackIntoInterface(out, "BadThing", raw); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
--- a/accounts/abi/bind/v2/internal/contracts/solc_errors/combined-abi.json
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/v2/internal/contracts/solc_errors/combined-abi.json
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"contracts":{"contract.sol:C":{"abi":[{"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"arg1","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"arg2","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"arg3","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"bool","name":"arg4","type":"bool"}],"name":"BadThing","type":"error"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"arg1","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"arg2","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"arg3","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"arg4","type":"uint256"}],"name":"BadThing2","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"Bar","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"pure","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"Foo","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"pure","type":"function"}],"bin":"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"},"contract.sol:C2":{"abi":[{"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"arg1","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"arg2","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"arg3","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"bool","name":"arg4","type":"bool"}],"name":"BadThing","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"Foo","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"pure","type":"function"}],"bin":"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"}},"version":"0.8.28+commit.7893614a.Darwin.appleclang"}
--- a/accounts/abi/bind/v2/internal/contracts/solc_errors/contract.sol
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/v2/internal/contracts/solc_errors/contract.sol
@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+pragma solidity ^0.8.26;
+
+error BadThing(uint256 arg1, uint256 arg2, uint256 arg3, bool arg4);
+error BadThing2(uint256 arg1, uint256 arg2, uint256 arg3, uint256 arg4);
+
+contract C {
+    function Foo() public pure {
+        revert BadThing({
+            arg1: uint256(0),
+            arg2: uint256(1),
+            arg3: uint256(2),
+            arg4: false
+        });
+    }
+    function Bar() public pure {
+        revert BadThing2({
+            arg1: uint256(0),
+            arg2: uint256(1),
+            arg3: uint256(2),
+            arg4: uint256(3)
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+// purpose of this is to test that generation of metadata for contract that emits one error produces valid Go code
+contract C2 {
+    function Foo() public pure {
+        revert BadThing({
+            arg1: uint256(0),
+            arg2: uint256(1),
+            arg3: uint256(2),
+            arg4: false
+        });
+    }
+}
--- a/accounts/abi/bind/v2/internal/contracts/uint256arrayreturn/bindings.go
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/v2/internal/contracts/uint256arrayreturn/bindings.go
@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+// Code generated via abigen V2 - DO NOT EDIT.
+// This file is a generated binding and any manual changes will be lost.
+
+package uint256arrayreturn
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+	"math/big"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi/bind/v2"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+)
+
+// Reference imports to suppress errors if they are not otherwise used.
+var (
+	_ = bytes.Equal
+	_ = errors.New
+	_ = big.NewInt
+	_ = common.Big1
+	_ = types.BloomLookup
+	_ = abi.ConvertType
+)
+
+// MyContractMetaData contains all meta data concerning the MyContract contract.
+var MyContractMetaData = bind.MetaData{
+	ABI: "[{\"inputs\":[],\"name\":\"GetNums\",\"outputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint256[5]\",\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"uint256[5]\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"pure\",\"type\":\"function\"}]",
+	ID:  "e48e83c9c45b19a47bd451eedc725a6bff",
+	Bin: "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",
+}
+
+// MyContract is an auto generated Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
+type MyContract struct {
+	abi abi.ABI
+}
+
+// NewMyContract creates a new instance of MyContract.
+func NewMyContract() *MyContract {
+	parsed, err := MyContractMetaData.ParseABI()
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(errors.New("invalid ABI: " + err.Error()))
+	}
+	return &MyContract{abi: *parsed}
+}
+
+// Instance creates a wrapper for a deployed contract instance at the given address.
+// Use this to create the instance object passed to abigen v2 library functions Call, Transact, etc.
+func (c *MyContract) Instance(backend bind.ContractBackend, addr common.Address) *bind.BoundContract {
+	return bind.NewBoundContract(addr, c.abi, backend, backend, backend)
+}
+
+// PackGetNums is the Go binding used to pack the parameters required for calling
+// the contract method with ID 0xbd6d1007.
+//
+// Solidity: function GetNums() pure returns(uint256[5])
+func (myContract *MyContract) PackGetNums() []byte {
+	enc, err := myContract.abi.Pack("GetNums")
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return enc
+}
+
+// UnpackGetNums is the Go binding that unpacks the parameters returned
+// from invoking the contract method with ID 0xbd6d1007.
+//
+// Solidity: function GetNums() pure returns(uint256[5])
+func (myContract *MyContract) UnpackGetNums(data []byte) ([5]*big.Int, error) {
+	out, err := myContract.abi.Unpack("GetNums", data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return *new([5]*big.Int), err
+	}
+	out0 := *abi.ConvertType(out[0], new([5]*big.Int)).(*[5]*big.Int)
+	return out0, err
+}
--- a/accounts/abi/bind/v2/internal/contracts/uint256arrayreturn/combined-abi.json
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/v2/internal/contracts/uint256arrayreturn/combined-abi.json
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"contracts":{"contract.sol:MyContract":{"abi":[{"inputs":[],"name":"GetNums","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256[5]","name":"","type":"uint256[5]"}],"stateMutability":"pure","type":"function"}],"bin":"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"}},"version":"0.8.28+commit.7893614a.Darwin.appleclang"}
--- a/accounts/abi/bind/v2/internal/contracts/uint256arrayreturn/contract.sol
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/v2/internal/contracts/uint256arrayreturn/contract.sol
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+pragma solidity ^0.8.26;
+
+contract MyContract {
+    // emit multiple events, different types
+    function GetNums() public pure returns (uint256[5] memory) {
+        uint256[5] memory myNums = [uint256(0), uint256(1), uint256(2), uint256(3), uint256(4)];
+        return myNums;
+    }
+}
--- a/accounts/abi/bind/v2/lib.go
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/v2/lib.go
@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// Package bind implements utilities for interacting with Solidity contracts.
+// This is the 'runtime' for contract bindings generated with the abigen command.
+// It includes methods for calling/transacting, filtering chain history for
+// specific custom Solidity event types, and creating event subscriptions to monitor the
+// chain for event occurrences.
+//
+// Two methods for contract deployment are provided:
+//   - [DeployContract] is intended to be used for deployment of a single contract.
+//   - [LinkAndDeploy] is intended for the deployment of multiple
+//     contracts, potentially with library dependencies.
+package bind
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
+)
+
+// ContractEvent is a type constraint for ABI event types.
+type ContractEvent interface {
+	ContractEventName() string
+}
+
+// FilterEvents filters a historical block range for instances of emission of a
+// specific event type from a specified contract.  It returns an error if the
+// provided filter opts are invalid or the backend is closed.
+//
+// FilterEvents is intended to be used with contract event unpack methods in
+// bindings generated with the abigen --v2 flag. It should be
+// preferred over BoundContract.FilterLogs.
+func FilterEvents[Ev ContractEvent](c *BoundContract, opts *FilterOpts, unpack func(*types.Log) (*Ev, error), topics ...[]any) (*EventIterator[Ev], error) {
+	var e Ev
+	logs, sub, err := c.FilterLogs(opts, e.ContractEventName(), topics...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &EventIterator[Ev]{unpack: unpack, logs: logs, sub: sub}, nil
+}
+
+// WatchEvents creates an event subscription to notify when logs of the
+// specified event type are emitted from the given contract. Received logs are
+// unpacked and forwarded to sink.  If topics are specified, only events are
+// forwarded which match the topics.
+//
+// WatchEvents returns a subscription or an error if the provided WatchOpts are
+// invalid or the backend is closed.
+//
+// WatchEvents is intended to be used with contract event unpack methods in
+// bindings generated with the abigen --v2 flag. It should be
+// preferred over BoundContract.WatchLogs.
+func WatchEvents[Ev ContractEvent](c *BoundContract, opts *WatchOpts, unpack func(*types.Log) (*Ev, error), sink chan<- *Ev, topics ...[]any) (event.Subscription, error) {
+	var e Ev
+	logs, sub, err := c.WatchLogs(opts, e.ContractEventName(), topics...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return event.NewSubscription(func(quit <-chan struct{}) error {
+		defer sub.Unsubscribe()
+		for {
+			select {
+			case log := <-logs:
+				// New log arrived, parse the event and forward to the user
+				ev, err := unpack(&log)
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+
+				select {
+				case sink <- ev:
+				case err := <-sub.Err():
+					return err
+				case <-quit:
+					return nil
+				}
+			case err := <-sub.Err():
+				return err
+			case <-quit:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+	}), nil
+}
+
+// EventIterator is an object for iterating over the results of a event log
+// filter call.
+type EventIterator[T any] struct {
+	current *T
+	unpack  func(*types.Log) (*T, error)
+	logs    <-chan types.Log
+	sub     ethereum.Subscription
+	fail    error // error to hold reason for iteration failure
+	closed  bool  // true if Close has been called
+}
+
+// Value returns the current value of the iterator, or nil if there isn't one.
+func (it *EventIterator[T]) Value() *T {
+	return it.current
+}
+
+// Next advances the iterator to the subsequent event (if there is one),
+// returning true if the iterator advanced.
+//
+// If the attempt to convert the raw log object to an instance of T using the
+// unpack function provided via FilterEvents returns an error: that error is
+// returned and subsequent calls to Next will not advance the iterator.
+func (it *EventIterator[T]) Next() (advanced bool) {
+	// If the iterator failed with an error, don't proceed
+	if it.fail != nil || it.closed {
+		return false
+	}
+	// if the iterator is still active, block until a log is received or the
+	// underlying subscription terminates.
+	select {
+	case log := <-it.logs:
+		res, err := it.unpack(&log)
+		if err != nil {
+			it.fail = err
+			return false
+		}
+		it.current = res
+		return true
+	case <-it.sub.Err():
+		// regardless of how the subscription ends, still be able to iterate
+		// over any unread logs.
+		select {
+		case log := <-it.logs:
+			res, err := it.unpack(&log)
+			if err != nil {
+				it.fail = err
+				return false
+			}
+			it.current = res
+			return true
+		default:
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Error returns an error if iteration has failed.
+func (it *EventIterator[T]) Error() error {
+	return it.fail
+}
+
+// Close releases any pending underlying resources.  Any subsequent calls to
+// Next will not advance the iterator, but the current value remains accessible.
+func (it *EventIterator[T]) Close() error {
+	it.closed = true
+	it.sub.Unsubscribe()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Call performs an eth_call to a contract with optional call data.
+//
+// To call a function that doesn't return any output, pass nil as the unpack
+// function. This can be useful if you just want to check that the function
+// doesn't revert.
+//
+// Call is intended to be used with contract method unpack methods in
+// bindings generated with the abigen --v2 flag. It should be
+// preferred over BoundContract.Call
+func Call[T any](c *BoundContract, opts *CallOpts, calldata []byte, unpack func([]byte) (T, error)) (T, error) {
+	var defaultResult T
+	packedOutput, err := c.CallRaw(opts, calldata)
+	if err != nil {
+		return defaultResult, err
+	}
+	if unpack == nil {
+		if len(packedOutput) > 0 {
+			return defaultResult, errors.New("contract returned data, but no unpack function was given")
+		}
+		return defaultResult, nil
+	}
+	res, err := unpack(packedOutput)
+	if err != nil {
+		return defaultResult, err
+	}
+	return res, err
+}
+
+// Transact creates and submits a transaction to a contract with optional input
+// data.
+//
+// Transact is identical to BoundContract.RawTransact, and is provided as a
+// package-level method so that interactions with contracts whose bindings were
+// generated with the abigen --v2 flag are consistent (they do not require
+// calling methods on the BoundContract instance).
+func Transact(c *BoundContract, opt *TransactOpts, data []byte) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+	return c.RawTransact(opt, data)
+}
+
+// DeployContract creates and submits a deployment transaction based on the
+// deployer bytecode and optional ABI-encoded constructor input.  It returns
+// the address and creation transaction of the pending contract, or an error
+// if the creation failed.
+//
+// To initiate the deployment of multiple contracts with one method call, see the
+// [LinkAndDeploy] method.
+func DeployContract(opts *TransactOpts, bytecode []byte, backend ContractBackend, constructorInput []byte) (common.Address, *types.Transaction, error) {
+	c := NewBoundContract(common.Address{}, abi.ABI{}, backend, backend, backend)
+
+	tx, err := c.RawCreationTransact(opts, append(bytecode, constructorInput...))
+	if err != nil {
+		return common.Address{}, nil, err
+	}
+	return crypto.CreateAddress(opts.From, tx.Nonce()), tx, nil
+}
+
+// DefaultDeployer returns a DeployFn that signs and submits creation transactions
+// using the given signer.
+//
+// The DeployFn returned by DefaultDeployer should be used by LinkAndDeploy in
+// almost all cases, unless a custom DeployFn implementation is needed.
+func DefaultDeployer(opts *TransactOpts, backend ContractBackend) DeployFn {
+	return func(input []byte, deployer []byte) (common.Address, *types.Transaction, error) {
+		addr, tx, err := DeployContract(opts, deployer, backend, input)
+		if err != nil {
+			return common.Address{}, nil, err
+		}
+		return addr, tx, nil
+	}
+}
--- a/accounts/abi/bind/v2/util.go
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/v2/util.go
@ -29,13 +29,13 @@ import (

 // WaitMined waits for tx to be mined on the blockchain.
 // It stops waiting when the context is canceled.
-func WaitMined(ctx context.Context, b DeployBackend, tx *types.Transaction) (*types.Receipt, error) {
+func WaitMined(ctx context.Context, b DeployBackend, txHash common.Hash) (*types.Receipt, error) {
 	queryTicker := time.NewTicker(time.Second)
 	defer queryTicker.Stop()

-	logger := log.New("hash", tx.Hash())
+	logger := log.New("hash", txHash)
 	for {
-		receipt, err := b.TransactionReceipt(ctx, tx.Hash())
+		receipt, err := b.TransactionReceipt(ctx, txHash)
 		if err == nil {
 			return receipt, nil
 		}
@ -55,18 +55,16 @@ func WaitMined(ctx context.Context, b DeployBackend, tx *types.Transaction) (*ty
 	}
 }

-// WaitDeployed waits for a contract deployment transaction and returns the on-chain
-// contract address when it is mined. It stops waiting when ctx is canceled.
-func WaitDeployed(ctx context.Context, b DeployBackend, tx *types.Transaction) (common.Address, error) {
-	if tx.To() != nil {
-		return common.Address{}, errors.New("tx is not contract creation")
-	}
-	receipt, err := WaitMined(ctx, b, tx)
+// WaitDeployed waits for a contract deployment transaction with the provided hash and
+// returns the on-chain contract address when it is mined. It stops waiting when ctx is
+// canceled.
+func WaitDeployed(ctx context.Context, b DeployBackend, hash common.Hash) (common.Address, error) {
+	receipt, err := WaitMined(ctx, b, hash)
 	if err != nil {
 		return common.Address{}, err
 	}
 	if receipt.ContractAddress == (common.Address{}) {
-		return common.Address{}, errors.New("zero address")
+		return common.Address{}, ErrNoAddressInReceipt
 	}
 	// Check that code has indeed been deployed at the address.
 	// This matters on pre-Homestead chains: OOG in the constructor
--- a/accounts/abi/event_test.go
+++ b/accounts/abi/event_test.go
@ -331,7 +331,6 @@ func TestEventTupleUnpack(t *testing.T) {

 	for _, tc := range testCases {
 		assert := assert.New(t)
-		tc := tc
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			err := unpackTestEventData(tc.dest, tc.data, tc.jsonLog, assert)
 			if tc.error == "" {
--- a/accounts/abi/pack_test.go
+++ b/accounts/abi/pack_test.go
@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ import (
 func TestPack(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	for i, test := range packUnpackTests {
-		i, test := i, test
 		t.Run(strconv.Itoa(i), func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()
 			encb, err := hex.DecodeString(test.packed)
--- a/accounts/abi/reflect.go
+++ b/accounts/abi/reflect.go
@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 )

-// ConvertType converts an interface of a runtime type into a interface of the
+// ConvertType converts an interface of a runtime type into an interface of the
 // given type, e.g. turn this code:
 //
 //	var fields []reflect.StructField
@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ import (
 //			Name: "X",
 //			Type: reflect.TypeOf(new(big.Int)),
 //			Tag:  reflect.StructTag("json:\"" + "x" + "\""),
-//	}
+//	})
 //
 // into:
 //
--- a/accounts/abi/reflect_test.go
+++ b/accounts/abi/reflect_test.go
@ -172,7 +172,6 @@ var reflectTests = []reflectTest{
 func TestReflectNameToStruct(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	for _, test := range reflectTests {
-		test := test
 		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()
 			m, err := mapArgNamesToStructFields(test.args, reflect.ValueOf(test.struc))
--- a/accounts/abi/topics.go
+++ b/accounts/abi/topics.go
@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import (
 	"reflect"

 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/math"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 )

@ -41,8 +42,7 @@ func MakeTopics(query ...[]interface{}) ([][]common.Hash, error) {
 			case common.Address:
 				copy(topic[common.HashLength-common.AddressLength:], rule[:])
 			case *big.Int:
-				blob := rule.Bytes()
-				copy(topic[common.HashLength-len(blob):], blob)
+				copy(topic[:], math.U256Bytes(new(big.Int).Set(rule)))
 			case bool:
 				if rule {
 					topic[common.HashLength-1] = 1
@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ func MakeTopics(query ...[]interface{}) ([][]common.Hash, error) {
 				copy(topic[:], hash[:])

 			default:
-				// todo(rjl493456442) according solidity documentation, indexed event
+				// todo(rjl493456442) according to solidity documentation, indexed event
 				// parameters that are not value types i.e. arrays and structs are not
 				// stored directly but instead a keccak256-hash of an encoding is stored.
 				//
--- a/accounts/abi/topics_test.go
+++ b/accounts/abi/topics_test.go
@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package abi

 import (
+	"math"
 	"math/big"
 	"reflect"
 	"testing"
@ -55,9 +56,27 @@ func TestMakeTopics(t *testing.T) {
 			false,
 		},
 		{
-			"support *big.Int types in topics",
-			args{[][]interface{}{{big.NewInt(1).Lsh(big.NewInt(2), 254)}}},
-			[][]common.Hash{{common.Hash{128}}},
+			"support positive *big.Int types in topics",
+			args{[][]interface{}{
+				{big.NewInt(1)},
+				{big.NewInt(1).Lsh(big.NewInt(2), 254)},
+			}},
+			[][]common.Hash{
+				{common.HexToHash("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001")},
+				{common.Hash{128}},
+			},
+			false,
+		},
+		{
+			"support negative *big.Int types in topics",
+			args{[][]interface{}{
+				{big.NewInt(-1)},
+				{big.NewInt(math.MinInt64)},
+			}},
+			[][]common.Hash{
+				{common.MaxHash},
+				{common.HexToHash("ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff8000000000000000")},
+			},
 			false,
 		},
 		{
@ -118,7 +137,6 @@ func TestMakeTopics(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tt := range tests {
-		tt := tt
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()
 			got, err := MakeTopics(tt.args.query...)
@ -131,6 +149,23 @@ func TestMakeTopics(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 		})
 	}
+
+	t.Run("does not mutate big.Int", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+		want := [][]common.Hash{{common.HexToHash("ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff")}}
+
+		in := big.NewInt(-1)
+		got, err := MakeTopics([]interface{}{in})
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("makeTopics() error = %v", err)
+		}
+		if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) {
+			t.Fatalf("makeTopics() = %v, want %v", got, want)
+		}
+		if orig := big.NewInt(-1); in.Cmp(orig) != 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("makeTopics() mutated an input parameter from %v to %v", orig, in)
+		}
+	})
 }

 type args struct {
@ -354,7 +389,6 @@ func TestParseTopics(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := setupTopicsTests()

 	for _, tt := range tests {
-		tt := tt
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()
 			createObj := tt.args.createObj()
@ -374,7 +408,6 @@ func TestParseTopicsIntoMap(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := setupTopicsTests()

 	for _, tt := range tests {
-		tt := tt
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()
 			outMap := make(map[string]interface{})
--- a/accounts/abi/type.go
+++ b/accounts/abi/type.go
@ -64,6 +64,9 @@ type Type struct {
 var (
 	// typeRegex parses the abi sub types
 	typeRegex = regexp.MustCompile("([a-zA-Z]+)(([0-9]+)(x([0-9]+))?)?")
+
+	// sliceSizeRegex grab the slice size
+	sliceSizeRegex = regexp.MustCompile("[0-9]+")
 )

 // NewType creates a new reflection type of abi type given in t.
@ -91,8 +94,7 @@ func NewType(t string, internalType string, components []ArgumentMarshaling) (ty
 		// grab the last cell and create a type from there
 		sliced := t[i:]
 		// grab the slice size with regexp
-		re := regexp.MustCompile("[0-9]+")
-		intz := re.FindAllString(sliced, -1)
+		intz := sliceSizeRegex.FindAllString(sliced, -1)

 		if len(intz) == 0 {
 			// is a slice
@ -179,9 +181,6 @@ func NewType(t string, internalType string, components []ArgumentMarshaling) (ty
 				return Type{}, errors.New("abi: purely anonymous or underscored field is not supported")
 			}
 			fieldName := ResolveNameConflict(name, func(s string) bool { return used[s] })
-			if err != nil {
-				return Type{}, err
-			}
 			used[fieldName] = true
 			if !isValidFieldName(fieldName) {
 				return Type{}, fmt.Errorf("field %d has invalid name", idx)
@ -220,7 +219,12 @@ func NewType(t string, internalType string, components []ArgumentMarshaling) (ty
 		typ.T = FunctionTy
 		typ.Size = 24
 	default:
-		return Type{}, fmt.Errorf("unsupported arg type: %s", t)
+		if strings.HasPrefix(internalType, "contract ") {
+			typ.Size = 20
+			typ.T = AddressTy
+		} else {
+			return Type{}, fmt.Errorf("unsupported arg type: %s", t)
+		}
 	}

 	return
--- a/accounts/abi/type_test.go
+++ b/accounts/abi/type_test.go
@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 )

-// typeWithoutStringer is a alias for the Type type which simply doesn't implement
+// typeWithoutStringer is an alias for the Type type which simply doesn't implement
 // the stringer interface to allow printing type details in the tests below.
 type typeWithoutStringer Type

--- a/accounts/abi/unpack_test.go
+++ b/accounts/abi/unpack_test.go
@ -31,6 +31,46 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )

+func BenchmarkUnpack(b *testing.B) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		def    string
+		packed string
+	}{
+		{
+			def:    `[{"type": "uint32"}]`,
+			packed: "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001",
+		},
+		{
+			def: `[{"type": "uint32[]"}]`,
+			packed: "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020" +
+				"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002" +
+				"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001" +
+				"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002",
+		},
+	}
+	for i, test := range testCases {
+		b.Run(strconv.Itoa(i), func(b *testing.B) {
+			def := fmt.Sprintf(`[{ "name" : "method", "type": "function", "outputs": %s}]`, test.def)
+			abi, err := JSON(strings.NewReader(def))
+			if err != nil {
+				b.Fatalf("invalid ABI definition %s: %v", def, err)
+			}
+			encb, err := hex.DecodeString(test.packed)
+			if err != nil {
+				b.Fatalf("invalid hex %s: %v", test.packed, err)
+			}
+
+			b.ResetTimer()
+
+			var result any
+			for range b.N {
+				result, _ = abi.Unpack("method", encb)
+			}
+			_ = result
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 // TestUnpack tests the general pack/unpack tests in packing_test.go
 func TestUnpack(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
@ -389,7 +429,6 @@ func TestMethodMultiReturn(t *testing.T) {
 		"Can not unpack into a slice with wrong types",
 	}}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		tc := tc
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			require := require.New(t)
 			err := abi.UnpackIntoInterface(tc.dest, "multi", data)
@ -947,7 +986,7 @@ func TestOOMMaliciousInput(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		encb, err := hex.DecodeString(test.enc)
 		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("invalid hex: %s" + test.enc)
+			t.Fatalf("invalid hex: %s", test.enc)
 		}
 		_, err = abi.Methods["method"].Outputs.UnpackValues(encb)
 		if err == nil {
--- a/accounts/accounts.go
+++ b/accounts/accounts.go
@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ func TextHash(data []byte) []byte {
 //
 // This gives context to the signed message and prevents signing of transactions.
 func TextAndHash(data []byte) ([]byte, string) {
-	msg := fmt.Sprintf("\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n%d%s", len(data), string(data))
+	msg := fmt.Sprintf("\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n%d%s", len(data), data)
 	hasher := sha3.NewLegacyKeccak256()
 	hasher.Write([]byte(msg))
 	return hasher.Sum(nil), msg
@ -214,7 +214,9 @@ const (
 	// of starting any background processes such as automatic key derivation.
 	WalletOpened

-	// WalletDropped
+	// WalletDropped is fired when a wallet is removed or disconnected, either via USB
+	// or due to a filesystem event in the keystore. This event indicates that the wallet
+	// is no longer available for operations.
 	WalletDropped
 )

--- a/accounts/external/backend.go
+++ b/accounts/external/backend.go
@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ func (api *ExternalSigner) SignTx(account accounts.Account, tx *types.Transactio
 		to = &t
 	}
 	args := &apitypes.SendTxArgs{
-		Data:  &data,
+		Input: &data,
 		Nonce: hexutil.Uint64(tx.Nonce()),
 		Value: hexutil.Big(*tx.Value()),
 		Gas:   hexutil.Uint64(tx.Gas()),
@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ func (api *ExternalSigner) SignTx(account accounts.Account, tx *types.Transactio
 	switch tx.Type() {
 	case types.LegacyTxType, types.AccessListTxType:
 		args.GasPrice = (*hexutil.Big)(tx.GasPrice())
-	case types.DynamicFeeTxType:
+	case types.DynamicFeeTxType, types.BlobTxType, types.SetCodeTxType:
 		args.MaxFeePerGas = (*hexutil.Big)(tx.GasFeeCap())
 		args.MaxPriorityFeePerGas = (*hexutil.Big)(tx.GasTipCap())
 	default:
@ -235,6 +235,17 @@ func (api *ExternalSigner) SignTx(account accounts.Account, tx *types.Transactio
 		accessList := tx.AccessList()
 		args.AccessList = &accessList
 	}
+	if tx.Type() == types.BlobTxType {
+		args.BlobHashes = tx.BlobHashes()
+		sidecar := tx.BlobTxSidecar()
+		if sidecar == nil {
+			return nil, errors.New("blobs must be present for signing")
+		}
+		args.Blobs = sidecar.Blobs
+		args.Commitments = sidecar.Commitments
+		args.Proofs = sidecar.Proofs
+	}
+
 	var res signTransactionResult
 	if err := api.client.Call(&res, "account_signTransaction", args); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
--- a/accounts/keystore/account_cache.go
+++ b/accounts/keystore/account_cache.go
@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"slices"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
@ -31,7 +32,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
-	"golang.org/x/exp/slices"
 )

 // Minimum amount of time between cache reloads. This limit applies if the platform does
@ -44,8 +44,7 @@ func byURL(a, b accounts.Account) int {
 	return a.URL.Cmp(b.URL)
 }

-// AmbiguousAddrError is returned when attempting to unlock
-// an address for which more than one file exists.
+// AmbiguousAddrError is returned when an address matches multiple files.
 type AmbiguousAddrError struct {
 	Addr    common.Address
 	Matches []accounts.Account
--- a/accounts/keystore/account_cache_test.go
+++ b/accounts/keystore/account_cache_test.go
@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"reflect"
+	"slices"
 	"testing"
 	"time"

@ -30,7 +31,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/davecgh/go-spew/spew"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
-	"golang.org/x/exp/slices"
 )

 var (
@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ var (
 	}
 )

-// waitWatcherStarts waits up to 1s for the keystore watcher to start.
+// waitWatcherStart waits up to 1s for the keystore watcher to start.
 func waitWatcherStart(ks *KeyStore) bool {
 	// On systems where file watch is not supported, just return "ok".
 	if !ks.cache.watcher.enabled() {
@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ func waitForAccounts(wantAccounts []accounts.Account, ks *KeyStore) error {
 func TestWatchNewFile(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()

-	dir, ks := tmpKeyStore(t, false)
+	dir, ks := tmpKeyStore(t)

 	// Ensure the watcher is started before adding any files.
 	ks.Accounts()
@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ func TestWatchNewFile(t *testing.T) {
 func TestWatchNoDir(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	// Create ks but not the directory that it watches.
-	dir := filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), fmt.Sprintf("eth-keystore-watchnodir-test-%d-%d", os.Getpid(), rand.Int()))
+	dir := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), fmt.Sprintf("eth-keystore-watchnodir-test-%d-%d", os.Getpid(), rand.Int()))
 	ks := NewKeyStore(dir, LightScryptN, LightScryptP)
 	list := ks.Accounts()
 	if len(list) > 0 {
@ -126,7 +126,6 @@ func TestWatchNoDir(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	// Create the directory and copy a key file into it.
 	os.MkdirAll(dir, 0700)
-	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
 	file := filepath.Join(dir, "aaa")
 	if err := cp.CopyFile(file, cachetestAccounts[0].URL.Path); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
@ -325,7 +324,8 @@ func TestUpdatedKeyfileContents(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()

 	// Create a temporary keystore to test with
-	dir := filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), fmt.Sprintf("eth-keystore-updatedkeyfilecontents-test-%d-%d", os.Getpid(), rand.Int()))
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+
 	ks := NewKeyStore(dir, LightScryptN, LightScryptP)

 	list := ks.Accounts()
@ -335,9 +335,7 @@ func TestUpdatedKeyfileContents(t *testing.T) {
 	if !waitWatcherStart(ks) {
 		t.Fatal("keystore watcher didn't start in time")
 	}
-	// Create the directory and copy a key file into it.
-	os.MkdirAll(dir, 0700)
-	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
+	// Copy a key file into it
 	file := filepath.Join(dir, "aaa")

 	// Place one of our testfiles in there
--- a/accounts/keystore/keystore.go
+++ b/accounts/keystore/keystore.go
@ -87,15 +87,6 @@ func NewKeyStore(keydir string, scryptN, scryptP int) *KeyStore {
 	return ks
 }

-// NewPlaintextKeyStore creates a keystore for the given directory.
-// Deprecated: Use NewKeyStore.
-func NewPlaintextKeyStore(keydir string) *KeyStore {
-	keydir, _ = filepath.Abs(keydir)
-	ks := &KeyStore{storage: &keyStorePlain{keydir}}
-	ks.init(keydir)
-	return ks
-}
-
 func (ks *KeyStore) init(keydir string) {
 	// Lock the mutex since the account cache might call back with events
 	ks.mu.Lock()
@ -321,11 +312,10 @@ func (ks *KeyStore) Unlock(a accounts.Account, passphrase string) error {
 // Lock removes the private key with the given address from memory.
 func (ks *KeyStore) Lock(addr common.Address) error {
 	ks.mu.Lock()
-	if unl, found := ks.unlocked[addr]; found {
-		ks.mu.Unlock()
+	unl, found := ks.unlocked[addr]
+	ks.mu.Unlock()
+	if found {
 		ks.expire(addr, unl, time.Duration(0)*time.Nanosecond)
-	} else {
-		ks.mu.Unlock()
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@ -509,7 +499,5 @@ func (ks *KeyStore) isUpdating() bool {
 // zeroKey zeroes a private key in memory.
 func zeroKey(k *ecdsa.PrivateKey) {
 	b := k.D.Bits()
-	for i := range b {
-		b[i] = 0
-	}
+	clear(b)
 }
--- a/accounts/keystore/keystore_test.go
+++ b/accounts/keystore/keystore_test.go
@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"math/rand"
 	"os"
 	"runtime"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
@ -30,14 +31,13 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
-	"golang.org/x/exp/slices"
 )

 var testSigData = make([]byte, 32)

 func TestKeyStore(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	dir, ks := tmpKeyStore(t, true)
+	dir, ks := tmpKeyStore(t)

 	a, err := ks.NewAccount("foo")
 	if err != nil {
@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ func TestKeyStore(t *testing.T) {

 func TestSign(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	_, ks := tmpKeyStore(t, true)
+	_, ks := tmpKeyStore(t)

 	pass := "" // not used but required by API
 	a1, err := ks.NewAccount(pass)
@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ func TestSign(t *testing.T) {

 func TestSignWithPassphrase(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	_, ks := tmpKeyStore(t, true)
+	_, ks := tmpKeyStore(t)

 	pass := "passwd"
 	acc, err := ks.NewAccount(pass)
@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ func TestSignWithPassphrase(t *testing.T) {

 func TestTimedUnlock(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	_, ks := tmpKeyStore(t, true)
+	_, ks := tmpKeyStore(t)

 	pass := "foo"
 	a1, err := ks.NewAccount(pass)
@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ func TestTimedUnlock(t *testing.T) {

 func TestOverrideUnlock(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	_, ks := tmpKeyStore(t, false)
+	_, ks := tmpKeyStore(t)

 	pass := "foo"
 	a1, err := ks.NewAccount(pass)
@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ func TestOverrideUnlock(t *testing.T) {
 // This test should fail under -race if signing races the expiration goroutine.
 func TestSignRace(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	_, ks := tmpKeyStore(t, false)
+	_, ks := tmpKeyStore(t)

 	// Create a test account.
 	a1, err := ks.NewAccount("")
@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ func waitForKsUpdating(t *testing.T, ks *KeyStore, wantStatus bool, maxTime time
 func TestWalletNotifierLifecycle(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	// Create a temporary keystore to test with
-	_, ks := tmpKeyStore(t, false)
+	_, ks := tmpKeyStore(t)

 	// Ensure that the notification updater is not running yet
 	time.Sleep(250 * time.Millisecond)
@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ type walletEvent struct {
 // or deleted from the keystore.
 func TestWalletNotifications(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	_, ks := tmpKeyStore(t, false)
+	_, ks := tmpKeyStore(t)

 	// Subscribe to the wallet feed and collect events.
 	var (
@ -343,10 +343,10 @@ func TestWalletNotifications(t *testing.T) {
 	checkEvents(t, wantEvents, events)
 }

-// TestImportExport tests the import functionality of a keystore.
+// TestImportECDSA tests the import functionality of a keystore.
 func TestImportECDSA(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	_, ks := tmpKeyStore(t, true)
+	_, ks := tmpKeyStore(t)
 	key, err := crypto.GenerateKey()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to generate key: %v", key)
@ -362,10 +362,10 @@ func TestImportECDSA(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-// TestImportECDSA tests the import and export functionality of a keystore.
+// TestImportExport tests the import and export functionality of a keystore.
 func TestImportExport(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	_, ks := tmpKeyStore(t, true)
+	_, ks := tmpKeyStore(t)
 	acc, err := ks.NewAccount("old")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create account: %v", acc)
@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ func TestImportExport(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to export account: %v", acc)
 	}
-	_, ks2 := tmpKeyStore(t, true)
+	_, ks2 := tmpKeyStore(t)
 	if _, err = ks2.Import(json, "old", "old"); err == nil {
 		t.Errorf("importing with invalid password succeeded")
 	}
@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ func TestImportExport(t *testing.T) {
 // This test should fail under -race if importing races.
 func TestImportRace(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	_, ks := tmpKeyStore(t, true)
+	_, ks := tmpKeyStore(t)
 	acc, err := ks.NewAccount("old")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create account: %v", acc)
@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ func TestImportRace(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to export account: %v", acc)
 	}
-	_, ks2 := tmpKeyStore(t, true)
+	_, ks2 := tmpKeyStore(t)
 	var atom atomic.Uint32
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
 	wg.Add(2)
@ -457,11 +457,7 @@ func checkEvents(t *testing.T, want []walletEvent, have []walletEvent) {
 	}
 }

-func tmpKeyStore(t *testing.T, encrypted bool) (string, *KeyStore) {
+func tmpKeyStore(t *testing.T) (string, *KeyStore) {
 	d := t.TempDir()
-	newKs := NewPlaintextKeyStore
-	if encrypted {
-		newKs = func(kd string) *KeyStore { return NewKeyStore(kd, veryLightScryptN, veryLightScryptP) }
-	}
-	return d, newKs(d)
+	return d, NewKeyStore(d, veryLightScryptN, veryLightScryptP)
 }
--- a/accounts/keystore/passphrase.go
+++ b/accounts/keystore/passphrase.go
@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ func (ks keyStorePassphrase) JoinPath(filename string) string {
 	return filepath.Join(ks.keysDirPath, filename)
 }

-// Encryptdata encrypts the data given as 'data' with the password 'auth'.
+// EncryptDataV3 encrypts the data given as 'data' with the password 'auth'.
 func EncryptDataV3(data, auth []byte, scryptN, scryptP int) (CryptoJSON, error) {
 	salt := make([]byte, 32)
 	if _, err := io.ReadFull(rand.Reader, salt); err != nil {
--- a/accounts/keystore/testdata/dupes/1
+++ b/accounts/keystore/testdata/dupes/1
@ -1 +0,0 @@
-{"address":"f466859ead1932d743d622cb74fc058882e8648a","crypto":{"cipher":"aes-128-ctr","ciphertext":"cb664472deacb41a2e995fa7f96fe29ce744471deb8d146a0e43c7898c9ddd4d","cipherparams":{"iv":"dfd9ee70812add5f4b8f89d0811c9158"},"kdf":"scrypt","kdfparams":{"dklen":32,"n":8,"p":16,"r":8,"salt":"0d6769bf016d45c479213990d6a08d938469c4adad8a02ce507b4a4e7b7739f1"},"mac":"bac9af994b15a45dd39669fc66f9aa8a3b9dd8c22cb16e4d8d7ea089d0f1a1a9"},"id":"472e8b3d-afb6-45b5-8111-72c89895099a","version":3}
--- a/accounts/keystore/testdata/dupes/2
+++ b/accounts/keystore/testdata/dupes/2
@ -1 +0,0 @@
-{"address":"f466859ead1932d743d622cb74fc058882e8648a","crypto":{"cipher":"aes-128-ctr","ciphertext":"cb664472deacb41a2e995fa7f96fe29ce744471deb8d146a0e43c7898c9ddd4d","cipherparams":{"iv":"dfd9ee70812add5f4b8f89d0811c9158"},"kdf":"scrypt","kdfparams":{"dklen":32,"n":8,"p":16,"r":8,"salt":"0d6769bf016d45c479213990d6a08d938469c4adad8a02ce507b4a4e7b7739f1"},"mac":"bac9af994b15a45dd39669fc66f9aa8a3b9dd8c22cb16e4d8d7ea089d0f1a1a9"},"id":"472e8b3d-afb6-45b5-8111-72c89895099a","version":3}
--- a/accounts/keystore/testdata/dupes/foo
+++ b/accounts/keystore/testdata/dupes/foo
@ -1 +0,0 @@
-{"address":"7ef5a6135f1fd6a02593eedc869c6d41d934aef8","crypto":{"cipher":"aes-128-ctr","ciphertext":"1d0839166e7a15b9c1333fc865d69858b22df26815ccf601b28219b6192974e1","cipherparams":{"iv":"8df6caa7ff1b00c4e871f002cb7921ed"},"kdf":"scrypt","kdfparams":{"dklen":32,"n":8,"p":16,"r":8,"salt":"e5e6ef3f4ea695f496b643ebd3f75c0aa58ef4070e90c80c5d3fb0241bf1595c"},"mac":"6d16dfde774845e4585357f24bce530528bc69f4f84e1e22880d34fa45c273e5"},"id":"950077c7-71e3-4c44-a4a1-143919141ed4","version":3}
--- a/accounts/manager.go
+++ b/accounts/manager.go
@ -29,12 +29,9 @@ import (
 // the manager will buffer in its channel.
 const managerSubBufferSize = 50

-// Config contains the settings of the global account manager.
-//
-// TODO(rjl493456442, karalabe, holiman): Get rid of this when account management
-// is removed in favor of Clef.
+// Config is a legacy struct which is not used
 type Config struct {
-	InsecureUnlockAllowed bool // Whether account unlocking in insecure environment is allowed
+	InsecureUnlockAllowed bool // Unused legacy-parameter
 }

 // newBackendEvent lets the manager know it should
@ -47,7 +44,6 @@ type newBackendEvent struct {
 // Manager is an overarching account manager that can communicate with various
 // backends for signing transactions.
 type Manager struct {
-	config      *Config                    // Global account manager configurations
 	backends    map[reflect.Type][]Backend // Index of backends currently registered
 	updaters    []event.Subscription       // Wallet update subscriptions for all backends
 	updates     chan WalletEvent           // Subscription sink for backend wallet changes
@ -78,7 +74,6 @@ func NewManager(config *Config, backends ...Backend) *Manager {
 	}
 	// Assemble the account manager and return
 	am := &Manager{
-		config:      config,
 		backends:    make(map[reflect.Type][]Backend),
 		updaters:    subs,
 		updates:     updates,
@ -98,16 +93,14 @@ func NewManager(config *Config, backends ...Backend) *Manager {

 // Close terminates the account manager's internal notification processes.
 func (am *Manager) Close() error {
+	for _, w := range am.wallets {
+		w.Close()
+	}
 	errc := make(chan error)
 	am.quit <- errc
 	return <-errc
 }

-// Config returns the configuration of account manager.
-func (am *Manager) Config() *Config {
-	return am.config
-}
-
 // AddBackend starts the tracking of an additional backend for wallet updates.
 // cmd/geth assumes once this func returns the backends have been already integrated.
 func (am *Manager) AddBackend(backend Backend) {
--- a/accounts/scwallet/hub.go
+++ b/accounts/scwallet/hub.go
@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ func (hub *Hub) readPairings() error {
 		}
 		return err
 	}
+	defer pairingFile.Close()

 	pairingData, err := io.ReadAll(pairingFile)
 	if err != nil {
@ -241,7 +242,7 @@ func (hub *Hub) refreshWallets() {
 			card.Disconnect(pcsc.LeaveCard)
 			continue
 		}
-		// Card connected, start tracking in amongs the wallets
+		// Card connected, start tracking among the wallets
 		hub.wallets[reader] = wallet
 		events = append(events, accounts.WalletEvent{Wallet: wallet, Kind: accounts.WalletArrived})
 	}
--- a/accounts/scwallet/securechannel.go
+++ b/accounts/scwallet/securechannel.go
@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"crypto/aes"
 	"crypto/cipher"
-	"crypto/elliptic"
 	"crypto/rand"
 	"crypto/sha256"
 	"crypto/sha512"
@ -72,11 +71,11 @@ func NewSecureChannelSession(card *pcsc.Card, keyData []byte) (*SecureChannelSes
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not unmarshal public key from card: %v", err)
 	}
-	secret, _ := key.Curve.ScalarMult(cardPublic.X, cardPublic.Y, key.D.Bytes())
+	secret, _ := crypto.S256().ScalarMult(cardPublic.X, cardPublic.Y, key.D.Bytes())
 	return &SecureChannelSession{
 		card:      card,
 		secret:    secret.Bytes(),
-		publicKey: elliptic.Marshal(crypto.S256(), key.PublicKey.X, key.PublicKey.Y),
+		publicKey: crypto.FromECDSAPub(&key.PublicKey),
 	}, nil
 }

--- a/accounts/scwallet/wallet.go
+++ b/accounts/scwallet/wallet.go
@ -73,6 +73,14 @@ var (
 	DerivationSignatureHash = sha256.Sum256(common.Hash{}.Bytes())
 )

+var (
+	// PinRegexp is the regular expression used to validate PIN codes.
+	pinRegexp = regexp.MustCompile(`^[0-9]{6,}$`)
+
+	// PukRegexp is the regular expression used to validate PUK codes.
+	pukRegexp = regexp.MustCompile(`^[0-9]{12,}$`)
+)
+
 // List of APDU command-related constants
 const (
 	claISO7816  = 0
@ -380,7 +388,7 @@ func (w *Wallet) Open(passphrase string) error {
 	case passphrase == "":
 		return ErrPINUnblockNeeded
 	case status.PinRetryCount > 0:
-		if !regexp.MustCompile(`^[0-9]{6,}$`).MatchString(passphrase) {
+		if !pinRegexp.MatchString(passphrase) {
 			w.log.Error("PIN needs to be at least 6 digits")
 			return ErrPINNeeded
 		}
@ -388,7 +396,7 @@ func (w *Wallet) Open(passphrase string) error {
 			return err
 		}
 	default:
-		if !regexp.MustCompile(`^[0-9]{12,}$`).MatchString(passphrase) {
+		if !pukRegexp.MatchString(passphrase) {
 			w.log.Error("PUK needs to be at least 12 digits")
 			return ErrPINUnblockNeeded
 		}
--- a/accounts/usbwallet/hub.go
+++ b/accounts/usbwallet/hub.go
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
-	"github.com/karalabe/usb"
+	"github.com/karalabe/hid"
 )

 // LedgerScheme is the protocol scheme prefixing account and wallet URLs.
@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ func NewLedgerHub() (*Hub, error) {
 	return newHub(LedgerScheme, 0x2c97, []uint16{

 		// Device definitions taken from
-		// https://github.com/LedgerHQ/ledger-live/blob/38012bc8899e0f07149ea9cfe7e64b2c146bc92b/libs/ledgerjs/packages/devices/src/index.ts
+		// https://github.com/LedgerHQ/ledger-live/blob/595cb73b7e6622dbbcfc11867082ddc886f1bf01/libs/ledgerjs/packages/devices/src/index.ts

 		// Original product IDs
 		0x0000, /* Ledger Blue */
@ -81,18 +81,14 @@ func NewLedgerHub() (*Hub, error) {
 		0x0004, /* Ledger Nano X */
 		0x0005, /* Ledger Nano S Plus */
 		0x0006, /* Ledger Nano FTS */
+		0x0007, /* Ledger Flex */

-		0x0015, /* HID + U2F + WebUSB Ledger Blue */
-		0x1015, /* HID + U2F + WebUSB Ledger Nano S */
-		0x4015, /* HID + U2F + WebUSB Ledger Nano X */
-		0x5015, /* HID + U2F + WebUSB Ledger Nano S Plus */
-		0x6015, /* HID + U2F + WebUSB Ledger Nano FTS */
-
-		0x0011, /* HID + WebUSB Ledger Blue */
-		0x1011, /* HID + WebUSB Ledger Nano S */
-		0x4011, /* HID + WebUSB Ledger Nano X */
-		0x5011, /* HID + WebUSB Ledger Nano S Plus */
-		0x6011, /* HID + WebUSB Ledger Nano FTS */
+		0x0000, /* WebUSB Ledger Blue */
+		0x1000, /* WebUSB Ledger Nano S */
+		0x4000, /* WebUSB Ledger Nano X */
+		0x5000, /* WebUSB Ledger Nano S Plus */
+		0x6000, /* WebUSB Ledger Nano FTS */
+		0x7000, /* WebUSB Ledger Flex */
 	}, 0xffa0, 0, newLedgerDriver)
 }

@ -109,7 +105,7 @@ func NewTrezorHubWithWebUSB() (*Hub, error) {

 // newHub creates a new hardware wallet manager for generic USB devices.
 func newHub(scheme string, vendorID uint16, productIDs []uint16, usageID uint16, endpointID int, makeDriver func(log.Logger) driver) (*Hub, error) {
-	if !usb.Supported() {
+	if !hid.Supported() {
 		return nil, errors.New("unsupported platform")
 	}
 	hub := &Hub{
@ -155,7 +151,7 @@ func (hub *Hub) refreshWallets() {
 		return
 	}
 	// Retrieve the current list of USB wallet devices
-	var devices []usb.DeviceInfo
+	var devices []hid.DeviceInfo

 	if runtime.GOOS == "linux" {
 		// hidapi on Linux opens the device during enumeration to retrieve some infos,
@ -170,7 +166,7 @@ func (hub *Hub) refreshWallets() {
 			return
 		}
 	}
-	infos, err := usb.Enumerate(hub.vendorID, 0)
+	infos, err := hid.Enumerate(hub.vendorID, 0)
 	if err != nil {
 		failcount := hub.enumFails.Add(1)
 		if runtime.GOOS == "linux" {
@ -185,8 +181,11 @@ func (hub *Hub) refreshWallets() {

 	for _, info := range infos {
 		for _, id := range hub.productIDs {
+			// We check both the raw ProductID (legacy) and just the upper byte, as Ledger
+			// uses `MMII`, encoding a model (MM) and an interface bitfield (II)
+			mmOnly := info.ProductID & 0xff00
 			// Windows and Macos use UsageID matching, Linux uses Interface matching
-			if info.ProductID == id && (info.UsagePage == hub.usageID || info.Interface == hub.endpointID) {
+			if (info.ProductID == id || mmOnly == id) && (info.UsagePage == hub.usageID || info.Interface == hub.endpointID) {
 				devices = append(devices, info)
 				break
 			}
--- a/accounts/usbwallet/ledger.go
+++ b/accounts/usbwallet/ledger.go
@ -16,7 +16,7 @@

 // This file contains the implementation for interacting with the Ledger hardware
 // wallets. The wire protocol spec can be found in the Ledger Blue GitHub repo:
-// https://raw.githubusercontent.com/LedgerHQ/blue-app-eth/master/doc/ethapp.asc
+// https://github.com/LedgerHQ/app-ethereum/blob/develop/doc/ethapp.adoc

 package usbwallet

@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ func (w *ledgerDriver) ledgerDerive(derivationPath []uint32) (common.Address, er
 	}
 	hexstr := reply[1 : 1+int(reply[0])]

-	// Decode the hex sting into an Ethereum address and return
+	// Decode the hex string into an Ethereum address and return
 	var address common.Address
 	if _, err = hex.Decode(address[:], hexstr); err != nil {
 		return common.Address{}, err
@ -338,8 +338,22 @@ func (w *ledgerDriver) ledgerSign(derivationPath []uint32, tx *types.Transaction
 			return common.Address{}, nil, err
 		}
 	} else {
-		if txrlp, err = rlp.EncodeToBytes([]interface{}{tx.Nonce(), tx.GasPrice(), tx.Gas(), tx.To(), tx.Value(), tx.Data(), chainID, big.NewInt(0), big.NewInt(0)}); err != nil {
-			return common.Address{}, nil, err
+		if tx.Type() == types.DynamicFeeTxType {
+			if txrlp, err = rlp.EncodeToBytes([]interface{}{chainID, tx.Nonce(), tx.GasTipCap(), tx.GasFeeCap(), tx.Gas(), tx.To(), tx.Value(), tx.Data(), tx.AccessList()}); err != nil {
+				return common.Address{}, nil, err
+			}
+			// append type to transaction
+			txrlp = append([]byte{tx.Type()}, txrlp...)
+		} else if tx.Type() == types.AccessListTxType {
+			if txrlp, err = rlp.EncodeToBytes([]interface{}{chainID, tx.Nonce(), tx.GasPrice(), tx.Gas(), tx.To(), tx.Value(), tx.Data(), tx.AccessList()}); err != nil {
+				return common.Address{}, nil, err
+			}
+			// append type to transaction
+			txrlp = append([]byte{tx.Type()}, txrlp...)
+		} else if tx.Type() == types.LegacyTxType {
+			if txrlp, err = rlp.EncodeToBytes([]interface{}{tx.Nonce(), tx.GasPrice(), tx.Gas(), tx.To(), tx.Value(), tx.Data(), chainID, big.NewInt(0), big.NewInt(0)}); err != nil {
+				return common.Address{}, nil, err
+			}
 		}
 	}
 	payload := append(path, txrlp...)
@ -353,7 +367,9 @@ func (w *ledgerDriver) ledgerSign(derivationPath []uint32, tx *types.Transaction
 	// Chunk size selection to mitigate an underlying RLP deserialization issue on the ledger app.
 	// https://github.com/LedgerHQ/app-ethereum/issues/409
 	chunk := 255
-	for ; len(payload)%chunk <= ledgerEip155Size; chunk-- {
+	if tx.Type() == types.LegacyTxType {
+		for ; len(payload)%chunk <= ledgerEip155Size; chunk-- {
+		}
 	}

 	for len(payload) > 0 {
@ -381,8 +397,11 @@ func (w *ledgerDriver) ledgerSign(derivationPath []uint32, tx *types.Transaction
 	if chainID == nil {
 		signer = new(types.HomesteadSigner)
 	} else {
-		signer = types.NewEIP155Signer(chainID)
-		signature[64] -= byte(chainID.Uint64()*2 + 35)
+		signer = types.LatestSignerForChainID(chainID)
+		// For non-legacy transactions, V is 0 or 1, no need to subtract here.
+		if tx.Type() == types.LegacyTxType {
+			signature[64] -= byte(chainID.Uint64()*2 + 35)
+		}
 	}
 	signed, err := tx.WithSignature(signer, signature)
 	if err != nil {
--- a/accounts/usbwallet/trezor.go
+++ b/accounts/usbwallet/trezor.go
@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
-	"github.com/golang/protobuf/proto"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
 )

 // ErrTrezorPINNeeded is returned if opening the trezor requires a PIN code. In
--- a/accounts/usbwallet/trezor/messages-common.pb.go
+++ b/accounts/usbwallet/trezor/messages-common.pb.go
--- a/accounts/usbwallet/trezor/messages-common.proto
+++ b/accounts/usbwallet/trezor/messages-common.proto
@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 syntax = "proto2";
 package hw.trezor.messages.common;

+option go_package  = "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/usbwallet/trezor";
+
 /**
 * Response: Success of the previous request
 * @end
--- a/accounts/usbwallet/trezor/messages-ethereum.pb.go
+++ b/accounts/usbwallet/trezor/messages-ethereum.pb.go
--- a/accounts/usbwallet/trezor/messages-ethereum.proto
+++ b/accounts/usbwallet/trezor/messages-ethereum.proto
@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 syntax = "proto2";
 package hw.trezor.messages.ethereum;

+option go_package  = "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/usbwallet/trezor";
+
 // Sugar for easier handling in Java
 option java_package = "com.satoshilabs.trezor.lib.protobuf";
 option java_outer_classname = "TrezorMessageEthereum";
--- a/accounts/usbwallet/trezor/messages-management.pb.go
+++ b/accounts/usbwallet/trezor/messages-management.pb.go
--- a/accounts/usbwallet/trezor/messages-management.proto
+++ b/accounts/usbwallet/trezor/messages-management.proto
@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 syntax = "proto2";
 package hw.trezor.messages.management;

+option go_package  = "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/usbwallet/trezor";
+
 // Sugar for easier handling in Java
 option java_package = "com.satoshilabs.trezor.lib.protobuf";
 option java_outer_classname = "TrezorMessageManagement";
--- a/accounts/usbwallet/trezor/messages.pb.go
+++ b/accounts/usbwallet/trezor/messages.pb.go
--- a/accounts/usbwallet/trezor/messages.proto
+++ b/accounts/usbwallet/trezor/messages.proto
@ -9,10 +9,13 @@ package hw.trezor.messages;
 * Messages for TREZOR communication
 */

+option go_package  = "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/usbwallet/trezor";
+
 // Sugar for easier handling in Java
 option java_package = "com.satoshilabs.trezor.lib.protobuf";
 option java_outer_classname = "TrezorMessage";

+
 import "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto";

 /**
--- a/accounts/usbwallet/trezor/trezor.go
+++ b/accounts/usbwallet/trezor/trezor.go
@ -16,7 +16,7 @@

 // This file contains the implementation for interacting with the Trezor hardware
 // wallets. The wire protocol spec can be found on the SatoshiLabs website:
-// https://wiki.trezor.io/Developers_guide-Message_Workflows
+// https://docs.trezor.io/trezor-firmware/common/message-workflows.html

 // !!! STAHP !!!
 //
@ -39,10 +39,10 @@
 //   - Download the latest protoc https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases
 //   - Build with the usual `./configure && make` and ensure it's on your $PATH
 //   - Delete all the .proto and .pb.go files, pull in fresh ones from Trezor
-//   - Grab the latest Go plugin `go get -u github.com/golang/protobuf/protoc-gen-go`
-//   - Vendor in the latest Go plugin `govendor fetch github.com/golang/protobuf/...`
+//   - Grab the latest Go plugin `go get -u google.golang.org/protobuf/cmd/protoc-gen-go`
+//   - Vendor in the latest Go plugin `govendor fetch google.golang.org/protobuf/...`

-//go:generate protoc -I/usr/local/include:. --go_out=import_path=trezor:. messages.proto messages-common.proto messages-management.proto messages-ethereum.proto
+//go:generate protoc -I/usr/local/include:. --go_out=paths=source_relative:. messages.proto messages-common.proto messages-management.proto messages-ethereum.proto

 // Package trezor contains the wire protocol.
 package trezor
@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ package trezor
 import (
 	"reflect"

-	"github.com/golang/protobuf/proto"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
 )

 // Type returns the protocol buffer type number of a specific message. If the
--- a/accounts/usbwallet/wallet.go
+++ b/accounts/usbwallet/wallet.go
@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
-	"github.com/karalabe/usb"
+	"github.com/karalabe/hid"
 )

 // Maximum time between wallet health checks to detect USB unplugs.
@ -79,8 +79,8 @@ type wallet struct {
 	driver driver        // Hardware implementation of the low level device operations
 	url    *accounts.URL // Textual URL uniquely identifying this wallet

-	info   usb.DeviceInfo // Known USB device infos about the wallet
-	device usb.Device     // USB device advertising itself as a hardware wallet
+	info   hid.DeviceInfo // Known USB device infos about the wallet
+	device hid.Device     // USB device advertising itself as a hardware wallet

 	accounts []accounts.Account                         // List of derive accounts pinned on the hardware wallet
 	paths    map[common.Address]accounts.DerivationPath // Known derivation paths for signing operations
@ -483,6 +483,10 @@ func (w *wallet) Derive(path accounts.DerivationPath, pin bool) (accounts.Accoun
 	w.stateLock.Lock()
 	defer w.stateLock.Unlock()

+	if w.device == nil {
+		return accounts.Account{}, accounts.ErrWalletClosed
+	}
+
 	if _, ok := w.paths[address]; !ok {
 		w.accounts = append(w.accounts, account)
 		w.paths[address] = make(accounts.DerivationPath, len(path))
--- a/appveyor.yml
+++ b/appveyor.yml
@ -24,9 +24,11 @@ for:
        - image: Ubuntu
    build_script:
      - go run build/ci.go lint
+      - go run build/ci.go check_generate
+      - go run build/ci.go check_baddeps
      - go run build/ci.go install -dlgo
    test_script:
-      - go run build/ci.go test -dlgo
+      - go run build/ci.go test -dlgo -short

  # linux/386 is disabled.
  - matrix:
--- a/beacon/blsync/block_sync.go
+++ b/beacon/blsync/block_sync.go
@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package blsync
+
+import (
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/light/request"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/light/sync"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/params"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/lru"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
+)
+
+// beaconBlockSync implements request.Module; it fetches the beacon blocks belonging
+// to the validated and prefetch heads.
+type beaconBlockSync struct {
+	recentBlocks *lru.Cache[common.Hash, *types.BeaconBlock]
+	locked       map[common.Hash]request.ServerAndID
+	serverHeads  map[request.Server]common.Hash
+	headTracker  headTracker
+
+	lastHeadInfo  types.HeadInfo
+	chainHeadFeed event.FeedOf[types.ChainHeadEvent]
+}
+
+type headTracker interface {
+	PrefetchHead() types.HeadInfo
+	ValidatedOptimistic() (types.OptimisticUpdate, bool)
+	ValidatedFinality() (types.FinalityUpdate, bool)
+}
+
+// newBeaconBlockSync returns a new beaconBlockSync.
+func newBeaconBlockSync(headTracker headTracker) *beaconBlockSync {
+	return &beaconBlockSync{
+		headTracker:  headTracker,
+		recentBlocks: lru.NewCache[common.Hash, *types.BeaconBlock](10),
+		locked:       make(map[common.Hash]request.ServerAndID),
+		serverHeads:  make(map[request.Server]common.Hash),
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *beaconBlockSync) SubscribeChainHead(ch chan<- types.ChainHeadEvent) event.Subscription {
+	return s.chainHeadFeed.Subscribe(ch)
+}
+
+// Process implements request.Module.
+func (s *beaconBlockSync) Process(requester request.Requester, events []request.Event) {
+	for _, event := range events {
+		switch event.Type {
+		case request.EvResponse, request.EvFail, request.EvTimeout:
+			sid, req, resp := event.RequestInfo()
+			blockRoot := common.Hash(req.(sync.ReqBeaconBlock))
+			log.Debug("Beacon block event", "type", event.Type.Name, "hash", blockRoot)
+			if resp != nil {
+				s.recentBlocks.Add(blockRoot, resp.(*types.BeaconBlock))
+			}
+			if s.locked[blockRoot] == sid {
+				delete(s.locked, blockRoot)
+			}
+		case sync.EvNewHead:
+			s.serverHeads[event.Server] = event.Data.(types.HeadInfo).BlockRoot
+		case request.EvUnregistered:
+			delete(s.serverHeads, event.Server)
+		}
+	}
+	s.updateEventFeed()
+	// request validated head block if unavailable and not yet requested
+	if vh, ok := s.headTracker.ValidatedOptimistic(); ok {
+		s.tryRequestBlock(requester, vh.Attested.Hash(), false)
+	}
+	// request prefetch head if the given server has announced it
+	if prefetchHead := s.headTracker.PrefetchHead().BlockRoot; prefetchHead != (common.Hash{}) {
+		s.tryRequestBlock(requester, prefetchHead, true)
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *beaconBlockSync) tryRequestBlock(requester request.Requester, blockRoot common.Hash, needSameHead bool) {
+	if _, ok := s.recentBlocks.Get(blockRoot); ok {
+		return
+	}
+	if _, ok := s.locked[blockRoot]; ok {
+		return
+	}
+	for _, server := range requester.CanSendTo() {
+		if needSameHead && (s.serverHeads[server] != blockRoot) {
+			continue
+		}
+		id := requester.Send(server, sync.ReqBeaconBlock(blockRoot))
+		s.locked[blockRoot] = request.ServerAndID{Server: server, ID: id}
+		return
+	}
+}
+
+func blockHeadInfo(block *types.BeaconBlock) types.HeadInfo {
+	if block == nil {
+		return types.HeadInfo{}
+	}
+	return types.HeadInfo{Slot: block.Slot(), BlockRoot: block.Root()}
+}
+
+func (s *beaconBlockSync) updateEventFeed() {
+	optimistic, ok := s.headTracker.ValidatedOptimistic()
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+
+	validatedHead := optimistic.Attested.Hash()
+	headBlock, ok := s.recentBlocks.Get(validatedHead)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+
+	var finalizedHash common.Hash
+	if finality, ok := s.headTracker.ValidatedFinality(); ok {
+		he := optimistic.Attested.Epoch()
+		fe := finality.Attested.Header.Epoch()
+		switch {
+		case he == fe:
+			finalizedHash = finality.Finalized.PayloadHeader.BlockHash()
+		case he < fe:
+			return
+		case he == fe+1:
+			parent, ok := s.recentBlocks.Get(optimistic.Attested.ParentRoot)
+			if !ok || parent.Slot()/params.EpochLength == fe {
+				return // head is at first slot of next epoch, wait for finality update
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	headInfo := blockHeadInfo(headBlock)
+	if headInfo == s.lastHeadInfo {
+		return
+	}
+	s.lastHeadInfo = headInfo
+
+	// new head block and finality info available; extract executable data and send event to feed
+	execBlock, err := headBlock.ExecutionPayload()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("Error extracting execution block from validated beacon block", "error", err)
+		return
+	}
+	s.chainHeadFeed.Send(types.ChainHeadEvent{
+		BeaconHead:   optimistic.Attested.Header,
+		Block:        execBlock,
+		ExecRequests: headBlock.ExecutionRequestsList(),
+		Finalized:    finalizedHash,
+	})
+}
--- a/beacon/blsync/block_sync_test.go
+++ b/beacon/blsync/block_sync_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package blsync
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/light/request"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/light/sync"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	zrntcommon "github.com/protolambda/zrnt/eth2/beacon/common"
+	"github.com/protolambda/zrnt/eth2/beacon/deneb"
+)
+
+var (
+	testServer1 = testServer("testServer1")
+	testServer2 = testServer("testServer2")
+
+	testBlock1 = types.NewBeaconBlock(&deneb.BeaconBlock{
+		Slot: 123,
+		Body: deneb.BeaconBlockBody{
+			ExecutionPayload: deneb.ExecutionPayload{
+				BlockNumber: 456,
+				BlockHash:   zrntcommon.Hash32(common.HexToHash("905ac721c4058d9ed40b27b6b9c1bdd10d4333e4f3d9769100bf9dfb80e5d1f6")),
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	testBlock2 = types.NewBeaconBlock(&deneb.BeaconBlock{
+		Slot: 124,
+		Body: deneb.BeaconBlockBody{
+			ExecutionPayload: deneb.ExecutionPayload{
+				BlockNumber: 457,
+				BlockHash:   zrntcommon.Hash32(common.HexToHash("011703f39c664efc1c6cf5f49ca09b595581eec572d4dfddd3d6179a9e63e655")),
+			},
+		},
+	})
+)
+
+type testServer string
+
+func (t testServer) Name() string {
+	return string(t)
+}
+
+func TestBlockSync(t *testing.T) {
+	ht := &testHeadTracker{}
+	blockSync := newBeaconBlockSync(ht)
+	headCh := make(chan types.ChainHeadEvent, 16)
+	blockSync.SubscribeChainHead(headCh)
+	ts := sync.NewTestScheduler(t, blockSync)
+	ts.AddServer(testServer1, 1)
+	ts.AddServer(testServer2, 1)
+
+	expHeadBlock := func(expHead *types.BeaconBlock) {
+		t.Helper()
+		var expNumber, headNumber uint64
+		if expHead != nil {
+			p, err := expHead.ExecutionPayload()
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("expHead.ExecutionPayload() failed: %v", err)
+			}
+			expNumber = p.NumberU64()
+		}
+		select {
+		case event := <-headCh:
+			headNumber = event.Block.NumberU64()
+		default:
+		}
+		if headNumber != expNumber {
+			t.Errorf("Wrong head block, expected block number %d, got %d)", expNumber, headNumber)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// no block requests expected until head tracker knows about a head
+	ts.Run(1)
+	expHeadBlock(nil)
+
+	// set block 1 as prefetch head, announced by server 2
+	head1 := blockHeadInfo(testBlock1)
+	ht.prefetch = head1
+	ts.ServerEvent(sync.EvNewHead, testServer2, head1)
+
+	// expect request to server 2 which has announced the head
+	ts.Run(2, testServer2, sync.ReqBeaconBlock(head1.BlockRoot))
+
+	// valid response
+	ts.RequestEvent(request.EvResponse, ts.Request(2, 1), testBlock1)
+	ts.AddAllowance(testServer2, 1)
+	ts.Run(3)
+	// head block still not expected as the fetched block is not the validated head yet
+	expHeadBlock(nil)
+
+	// set as validated head, expect no further requests but block 1 set as head block
+	ht.validated.Header = testBlock1.Header()
+	ts.Run(4)
+	expHeadBlock(testBlock1)
+
+	// set block 2 as prefetch head, announced by server 1
+	head2 := blockHeadInfo(testBlock2)
+	ht.prefetch = head2
+	ts.ServerEvent(sync.EvNewHead, testServer1, head2)
+	// expect request to server 1
+	ts.Run(5, testServer1, sync.ReqBeaconBlock(head2.BlockRoot))
+
+	// req2 fails, no further requests expected because server 2 has not announced it
+	ts.RequestEvent(request.EvFail, ts.Request(5, 1), nil)
+	ts.Run(6)
+
+	// set as validated head before retrieving block; now it's assumed to be available from server 2 too
+	ht.validated.Header = testBlock2.Header()
+	// expect req2 retry to server 2
+	ts.Run(7, testServer2, sync.ReqBeaconBlock(head2.BlockRoot))
+	// now head block should be unavailable again
+	expHeadBlock(nil)
+
+	// valid response, now head block should be block 2 immediately as it is already validated
+	ts.RequestEvent(request.EvResponse, ts.Request(7, 1), testBlock2)
+	ts.Run(8)
+	expHeadBlock(testBlock2)
+}
+
+type testHeadTracker struct {
+	prefetch  types.HeadInfo
+	validated types.SignedHeader
+}
+
+func (h *testHeadTracker) PrefetchHead() types.HeadInfo {
+	return h.prefetch
+}
+
+func (h *testHeadTracker) ValidatedOptimistic() (types.OptimisticUpdate, bool) {
+	return types.OptimisticUpdate{
+		Attested:      types.HeaderWithExecProof{Header: h.validated.Header},
+		Signature:     h.validated.Signature,
+		SignatureSlot: h.validated.SignatureSlot,
+	}, h.validated.Header != (types.Header{})
+}
+
+// TODO add test case for finality
+func (h *testHeadTracker) ValidatedFinality() (types.FinalityUpdate, bool) {
+	finalized := types.NewExecutionHeader(new(deneb.ExecutionPayloadHeader))
+	return types.FinalityUpdate{
+		Attested:      types.HeaderWithExecProof{Header: h.validated.Header},
+		Finalized:     types.HeaderWithExecProof{PayloadHeader: finalized},
+		Signature:     h.validated.Signature,
+		SignatureSlot: h.validated.SignatureSlot,
+	}, h.validated.Header != (types.Header{})
+}
--- a/beacon/blsync/client.go
+++ b/beacon/blsync/client.go
@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package blsync
+
+import (
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/light"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/light/api"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/light/request"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/light/sync"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/params"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/mclock"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb/memorydb"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc"
+)
+
+type Client struct {
+	urls         []string
+	customHeader map[string]string
+	config       *params.ClientConfig
+	scheduler    *request.Scheduler
+	blockSync    *beaconBlockSync
+	engineRPC    *rpc.Client
+
+	chainHeadSub event.Subscription
+	engineClient *engineClient
+}
+
+func NewClient(config params.ClientConfig) *Client {
+	// create data structures
+	var (
+		db             = memorydb.New()
+		committeeChain = light.NewCommitteeChain(db, &config.ChainConfig, config.Threshold, !config.NoFilter)
+		headTracker    = light.NewHeadTracker(committeeChain, config.Threshold)
+	)
+	headSync := sync.NewHeadSync(headTracker, committeeChain)
+
+	// set up scheduler and sync modules
+	scheduler := request.NewScheduler()
+	checkpointInit := sync.NewCheckpointInit(committeeChain, config.Checkpoint)
+	forwardSync := sync.NewForwardUpdateSync(committeeChain)
+	beaconBlockSync := newBeaconBlockSync(headTracker)
+	scheduler.RegisterTarget(headTracker)
+	scheduler.RegisterTarget(committeeChain)
+	scheduler.RegisterModule(checkpointInit, "checkpointInit")
+	scheduler.RegisterModule(forwardSync, "forwardSync")
+	scheduler.RegisterModule(headSync, "headSync")
+	scheduler.RegisterModule(beaconBlockSync, "beaconBlockSync")
+
+	return &Client{
+		scheduler:    scheduler,
+		urls:         config.Apis,
+		customHeader: config.CustomHeader,
+		config:       &config,
+		blockSync:    beaconBlockSync,
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *Client) SetEngineRPC(engine *rpc.Client) {
+	c.engineRPC = engine
+}
+
+func (c *Client) Start() error {
+	headCh := make(chan types.ChainHeadEvent, 16)
+	c.chainHeadSub = c.blockSync.SubscribeChainHead(headCh)
+	c.engineClient = startEngineClient(c.config, c.engineRPC, headCh)
+
+	c.scheduler.Start()
+	for _, url := range c.urls {
+		beaconApi := api.NewBeaconLightApi(url, c.customHeader)
+		c.scheduler.RegisterServer(request.NewServer(api.NewApiServer(beaconApi), &mclock.System{}))
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *Client) Stop() error {
+	c.engineClient.stop()
+	c.chainHeadSub.Unsubscribe()
+	c.scheduler.Stop()
+	return nil
+}
--- a/beacon/blsync/engineclient.go
+++ b/beacon/blsync/engineclient.go
@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package blsync
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/engine"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/params"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	ctypes "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc"
+)
+
+type engineClient struct {
+	config     *params.ClientConfig
+	rpc        *rpc.Client
+	rootCtx    context.Context
+	cancelRoot context.CancelFunc
+	wg         sync.WaitGroup
+}
+
+func startEngineClient(config *params.ClientConfig, rpc *rpc.Client, headCh <-chan types.ChainHeadEvent) *engineClient {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	ec := &engineClient{
+		config:     config,
+		rpc:        rpc,
+		rootCtx:    ctx,
+		cancelRoot: cancel,
+	}
+	ec.wg.Add(1)
+	go ec.updateLoop(headCh)
+	return ec
+}
+
+func (ec *engineClient) stop() {
+	ec.cancelRoot()
+	ec.wg.Wait()
+}
+
+func (ec *engineClient) updateLoop(headCh <-chan types.ChainHeadEvent) {
+	defer ec.wg.Done()
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ec.rootCtx.Done():
+			log.Debug("Stopping engine API update loop")
+			return
+
+		case event := <-headCh:
+			if ec.rpc == nil { // dry run, no engine API specified
+				log.Info("New execution block retrieved", "number", event.Block.NumberU64(), "hash", event.Block.Hash(), "finalized", event.Finalized)
+				continue
+			}
+
+			fork := ec.config.ForkAtEpoch(event.BeaconHead.Epoch())
+			forkName := strings.ToLower(fork.Name)
+
+			log.Debug("Calling NewPayload", "number", event.Block.NumberU64(), "hash", event.Block.Hash())
+			if status, err := ec.callNewPayload(forkName, event); err == nil {
+				log.Info("Successful NewPayload", "number", event.Block.NumberU64(), "hash", event.Block.Hash(), "status", status)
+			} else {
+				log.Error("Failed NewPayload", "number", event.Block.NumberU64(), "hash", event.Block.Hash(), "error", err)
+			}
+
+			log.Debug("Calling ForkchoiceUpdated", "head", event.Block.Hash())
+			if status, err := ec.callForkchoiceUpdated(forkName, event); err == nil {
+				log.Info("Successful ForkchoiceUpdated", "head", event.Block.Hash(), "status", status)
+			} else {
+				log.Error("Failed ForkchoiceUpdated", "head", event.Block.Hash(), "error", err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (ec *engineClient) callNewPayload(fork string, event types.ChainHeadEvent) (string, error) {
+	execData := engine.BlockToExecutableData(event.Block, nil, nil, nil).ExecutionPayload
+
+	var (
+		method string
+		params = []any{execData}
+	)
+	switch fork {
+	case "electra":
+		method = "engine_newPayloadV4"
+		parentBeaconRoot := event.BeaconHead.ParentRoot
+		blobHashes := collectBlobHashes(event.Block)
+		params = append(params, blobHashes, parentBeaconRoot, event.ExecRequests)
+	case "deneb":
+		method = "engine_newPayloadV3"
+		parentBeaconRoot := event.BeaconHead.ParentRoot
+		blobHashes := collectBlobHashes(event.Block)
+		params = append(params, blobHashes, parentBeaconRoot)
+	case "capella":
+		method = "engine_newPayloadV2"
+	default:
+		method = "engine_newPayloadV1"
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ec.rootCtx, time.Second*5)
+	defer cancel()
+	var resp engine.PayloadStatusV1
+	err := ec.rpc.CallContext(ctx, &resp, method, params...)
+	return resp.Status, err
+}
+
+func collectBlobHashes(b *ctypes.Block) []common.Hash {
+	list := make([]common.Hash, 0)
+	for _, tx := range b.Transactions() {
+		list = append(list, tx.BlobHashes()...)
+	}
+	return list
+}
+
+func (ec *engineClient) callForkchoiceUpdated(fork string, event types.ChainHeadEvent) (string, error) {
+	update := engine.ForkchoiceStateV1{
+		HeadBlockHash:      event.Block.Hash(),
+		SafeBlockHash:      event.Finalized,
+		FinalizedBlockHash: event.Finalized,
+	}
+
+	var method string
+	switch fork {
+	case "deneb", "electra":
+		method = "engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV3"
+	case "capella":
+		method = "engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV2"
+	default:
+		method = "engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV1"
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ec.rootCtx, time.Second*5)
+	defer cancel()
+	var resp engine.ForkChoiceResponse
+	err := ec.rpc.CallContext(ctx, &resp, method, update, nil)
+	return resp.PayloadStatus.Status, err
+}
--- a/beacon/engine/gen_ed.go
+++ b/beacon/engine/gen_ed.go
@ -17,23 +17,24 @@ var _ = (*executableDataMarshaling)(nil)
 // MarshalJSON marshals as JSON.
 func (e ExecutableData) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	type ExecutableData struct {
-		ParentHash    common.Hash         `json:"parentHash"    gencodec:"required"`
-		FeeRecipient  common.Address      `json:"feeRecipient"  gencodec:"required"`
-		StateRoot     common.Hash         `json:"stateRoot"     gencodec:"required"`
-		ReceiptsRoot  common.Hash         `json:"receiptsRoot"  gencodec:"required"`
-		LogsBloom     hexutil.Bytes       `json:"logsBloom"     gencodec:"required"`
-		Random        common.Hash         `json:"prevRandao"    gencodec:"required"`
-		Number        hexutil.Uint64      `json:"blockNumber"   gencodec:"required"`
-		GasLimit      hexutil.Uint64      `json:"gasLimit"      gencodec:"required"`
-		GasUsed       hexutil.Uint64      `json:"gasUsed"       gencodec:"required"`
-		Timestamp     hexutil.Uint64      `json:"timestamp"     gencodec:"required"`
-		ExtraData     hexutil.Bytes       `json:"extraData"     gencodec:"required"`
-		BaseFeePerGas *hexutil.Big        `json:"baseFeePerGas" gencodec:"required"`
-		BlockHash     common.Hash         `json:"blockHash"     gencodec:"required"`
-		Transactions  []hexutil.Bytes     `json:"transactions"  gencodec:"required"`
-		Withdrawals   []*types.Withdrawal `json:"withdrawals"`
-		BlobGasUsed   *hexutil.Uint64     `json:"blobGasUsed"`
-		ExcessBlobGas *hexutil.Uint64     `json:"excessBlobGas"`
+		ParentHash       common.Hash             `json:"parentHash"    gencodec:"required"`
+		FeeRecipient     common.Address          `json:"feeRecipient"  gencodec:"required"`
+		StateRoot        common.Hash             `json:"stateRoot"     gencodec:"required"`
+		ReceiptsRoot     common.Hash             `json:"receiptsRoot"  gencodec:"required"`
+		LogsBloom        hexutil.Bytes           `json:"logsBloom"     gencodec:"required"`
+		Random           common.Hash             `json:"prevRandao"    gencodec:"required"`
+		Number           hexutil.Uint64          `json:"blockNumber"   gencodec:"required"`
+		GasLimit         hexutil.Uint64          `json:"gasLimit"      gencodec:"required"`
+		GasUsed          hexutil.Uint64          `json:"gasUsed"       gencodec:"required"`
+		Timestamp        hexutil.Uint64          `json:"timestamp"     gencodec:"required"`
+		ExtraData        hexutil.Bytes           `json:"extraData"     gencodec:"required"`
+		BaseFeePerGas    *hexutil.Big            `json:"baseFeePerGas" gencodec:"required"`
+		BlockHash        common.Hash             `json:"blockHash"     gencodec:"required"`
+		Transactions     []hexutil.Bytes         `json:"transactions"  gencodec:"required"`
+		Withdrawals      []*types.Withdrawal     `json:"withdrawals"`
+		BlobGasUsed      *hexutil.Uint64         `json:"blobGasUsed"`
+		ExcessBlobGas    *hexutil.Uint64         `json:"excessBlobGas"`
+		ExecutionWitness *types.ExecutionWitness `json:"executionWitness,omitempty"`
 	}
 	var enc ExecutableData
 	enc.ParentHash = e.ParentHash
@ -58,29 +59,31 @@ func (e ExecutableData) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	enc.Withdrawals = e.Withdrawals
 	enc.BlobGasUsed = (*hexutil.Uint64)(e.BlobGasUsed)
 	enc.ExcessBlobGas = (*hexutil.Uint64)(e.ExcessBlobGas)
+	enc.ExecutionWitness = e.ExecutionWitness
 	return json.Marshal(&enc)
 }

 // UnmarshalJSON unmarshals from JSON.
 func (e *ExecutableData) UnmarshalJSON(input []byte) error {
 	type ExecutableData struct {
-		ParentHash    *common.Hash        `json:"parentHash"    gencodec:"required"`
-		FeeRecipient  *common.Address     `json:"feeRecipient"  gencodec:"required"`
-		StateRoot     *common.Hash        `json:"stateRoot"     gencodec:"required"`
-		ReceiptsRoot  *common.Hash        `json:"receiptsRoot"  gencodec:"required"`
-		LogsBloom     *hexutil.Bytes      `json:"logsBloom"     gencodec:"required"`
-		Random        *common.Hash        `json:"prevRandao"    gencodec:"required"`
-		Number        *hexutil.Uint64     `json:"blockNumber"   gencodec:"required"`
-		GasLimit      *hexutil.Uint64     `json:"gasLimit"      gencodec:"required"`
-		GasUsed       *hexutil.Uint64     `json:"gasUsed"       gencodec:"required"`
-		Timestamp     *hexutil.Uint64     `json:"timestamp"     gencodec:"required"`
-		ExtraData     *hexutil.Bytes      `json:"extraData"     gencodec:"required"`
-		BaseFeePerGas *hexutil.Big        `json:"baseFeePerGas" gencodec:"required"`
-		BlockHash     *common.Hash        `json:"blockHash"     gencodec:"required"`
-		Transactions  []hexutil.Bytes     `json:"transactions"  gencodec:"required"`
-		Withdrawals   []*types.Withdrawal `json:"withdrawals"`
-		BlobGasUsed   *hexutil.Uint64     `json:"blobGasUsed"`
-		ExcessBlobGas *hexutil.Uint64     `json:"excessBlobGas"`
+		ParentHash       *common.Hash            `json:"parentHash"    gencodec:"required"`
+		FeeRecipient     *common.Address         `json:"feeRecipient"  gencodec:"required"`
+		StateRoot        *common.Hash            `json:"stateRoot"     gencodec:"required"`
+		ReceiptsRoot     *common.Hash            `json:"receiptsRoot"  gencodec:"required"`
+		LogsBloom        *hexutil.Bytes          `json:"logsBloom"     gencodec:"required"`
+		Random           *common.Hash            `json:"prevRandao"    gencodec:"required"`
+		Number           *hexutil.Uint64         `json:"blockNumber"   gencodec:"required"`
+		GasLimit         *hexutil.Uint64         `json:"gasLimit"      gencodec:"required"`
+		GasUsed          *hexutil.Uint64         `json:"gasUsed"       gencodec:"required"`
+		Timestamp        *hexutil.Uint64         `json:"timestamp"     gencodec:"required"`
+		ExtraData        *hexutil.Bytes          `json:"extraData"     gencodec:"required"`
+		BaseFeePerGas    *hexutil.Big            `json:"baseFeePerGas" gencodec:"required"`
+		BlockHash        *common.Hash            `json:"blockHash"     gencodec:"required"`
+		Transactions     []hexutil.Bytes         `json:"transactions"  gencodec:"required"`
+		Withdrawals      []*types.Withdrawal     `json:"withdrawals"`
+		BlobGasUsed      *hexutil.Uint64         `json:"blobGasUsed"`
+		ExcessBlobGas    *hexutil.Uint64         `json:"excessBlobGas"`
+		ExecutionWitness *types.ExecutionWitness `json:"executionWitness,omitempty"`
 	}
 	var dec ExecutableData
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(input, &dec); err != nil {
@ -154,5 +157,8 @@ func (e *ExecutableData) UnmarshalJSON(input []byte) error {
 	if dec.ExcessBlobGas != nil {
 		e.ExcessBlobGas = (*uint64)(dec.ExcessBlobGas)
 	}
+	if dec.ExecutionWitness != nil {
+		e.ExecutionWitness = dec.ExecutionWitness
+	}
 	return nil
 }
--- a/beacon/engine/gen_epe.go
+++ b/beacon/engine/gen_epe.go
@ -18,13 +18,22 @@ func (e ExecutionPayloadEnvelope) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 		ExecutionPayload *ExecutableData `json:"executionPayload"  gencodec:"required"`
 		BlockValue       *hexutil.Big    `json:"blockValue"  gencodec:"required"`
 		BlobsBundle      *BlobsBundleV1  `json:"blobsBundle"`
+		Requests         []hexutil.Bytes `json:"executionRequests"`
 		Override         bool            `json:"shouldOverrideBuilder"`
+		Witness          *hexutil.Bytes  `json:"witness,omitempty"`
 	}
 	var enc ExecutionPayloadEnvelope
 	enc.ExecutionPayload = e.ExecutionPayload
 	enc.BlockValue = (*hexutil.Big)(e.BlockValue)
 	enc.BlobsBundle = e.BlobsBundle
+	if e.Requests != nil {
+		enc.Requests = make([]hexutil.Bytes, len(e.Requests))
+		for k, v := range e.Requests {
+			enc.Requests[k] = v
+		}
+	}
 	enc.Override = e.Override
+	enc.Witness = e.Witness
 	return json.Marshal(&enc)
 }

@ -34,7 +43,9 @@ func (e *ExecutionPayloadEnvelope) UnmarshalJSON(input []byte) error {
 		ExecutionPayload *ExecutableData `json:"executionPayload"  gencodec:"required"`
 		BlockValue       *hexutil.Big    `json:"blockValue"  gencodec:"required"`
 		BlobsBundle      *BlobsBundleV1  `json:"blobsBundle"`
+		Requests         []hexutil.Bytes `json:"executionRequests"`
 		Override         *bool           `json:"shouldOverrideBuilder"`
+		Witness          *hexutil.Bytes  `json:"witness,omitempty"`
 	}
 	var dec ExecutionPayloadEnvelope
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(input, &dec); err != nil {
@ -51,8 +62,17 @@ func (e *ExecutionPayloadEnvelope) UnmarshalJSON(input []byte) error {
 	if dec.BlobsBundle != nil {
 		e.BlobsBundle = dec.BlobsBundle
 	}
+	if dec.Requests != nil {
+		e.Requests = make([][]byte, len(dec.Requests))
+		for k, v := range dec.Requests {
+			e.Requests[k] = v
+		}
+	}
 	if dec.Override != nil {
 		e.Override = *dec.Override
 	}
+	if dec.Witness != nil {
+		e.Witness = dec.Witness
+	}
 	return nil
 }
--- a/beacon/engine/types.go
+++ b/beacon/engine/types.go
@ -19,13 +19,25 @@ package engine
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"math/big"
+	"slices"

 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie"
 )

+// PayloadVersion denotes the version of PayloadAttributes used to request the
+// building of the payload to commence.
+type PayloadVersion byte
+
+var (
+	PayloadV1 PayloadVersion = 0x1
+	PayloadV2 PayloadVersion = 0x2
+	PayloadV3 PayloadVersion = 0x3
+)
+
 //go:generate go run github.com/fjl/gencodec -type PayloadAttributes -field-override payloadAttributesMarshaling -out gen_blockparams.go

 // PayloadAttributes describes the environment context in which a block should
@ -47,23 +59,24 @@ type payloadAttributesMarshaling struct {

 // ExecutableData is the data necessary to execute an EL payload.
 type ExecutableData struct {
-	ParentHash    common.Hash         `json:"parentHash"    gencodec:"required"`
-	FeeRecipient  common.Address      `json:"feeRecipient"  gencodec:"required"`
-	StateRoot     common.Hash         `json:"stateRoot"     gencodec:"required"`
-	ReceiptsRoot  common.Hash         `json:"receiptsRoot"  gencodec:"required"`
-	LogsBloom     []byte              `json:"logsBloom"     gencodec:"required"`
-	Random        common.Hash         `json:"prevRandao"    gencodec:"required"`
-	Number        uint64              `json:"blockNumber"   gencodec:"required"`
-	GasLimit      uint64              `json:"gasLimit"      gencodec:"required"`
-	GasUsed       uint64              `json:"gasUsed"       gencodec:"required"`
-	Timestamp     uint64              `json:"timestamp"     gencodec:"required"`
-	ExtraData     []byte              `json:"extraData"     gencodec:"required"`
-	BaseFeePerGas *big.Int            `json:"baseFeePerGas" gencodec:"required"`
-	BlockHash     common.Hash         `json:"blockHash"     gencodec:"required"`
-	Transactions  [][]byte            `json:"transactions"  gencodec:"required"`
-	Withdrawals   []*types.Withdrawal `json:"withdrawals"`
-	BlobGasUsed   *uint64             `json:"blobGasUsed"`
-	ExcessBlobGas *uint64             `json:"excessBlobGas"`
+	ParentHash       common.Hash             `json:"parentHash"    gencodec:"required"`
+	FeeRecipient     common.Address          `json:"feeRecipient"  gencodec:"required"`
+	StateRoot        common.Hash             `json:"stateRoot"     gencodec:"required"`
+	ReceiptsRoot     common.Hash             `json:"receiptsRoot"  gencodec:"required"`
+	LogsBloom        []byte                  `json:"logsBloom"     gencodec:"required"`
+	Random           common.Hash             `json:"prevRandao"    gencodec:"required"`
+	Number           uint64                  `json:"blockNumber"   gencodec:"required"`
+	GasLimit         uint64                  `json:"gasLimit"      gencodec:"required"`
+	GasUsed          uint64                  `json:"gasUsed"       gencodec:"required"`
+	Timestamp        uint64                  `json:"timestamp"     gencodec:"required"`
+	ExtraData        []byte                  `json:"extraData"     gencodec:"required"`
+	BaseFeePerGas    *big.Int                `json:"baseFeePerGas" gencodec:"required"`
+	BlockHash        common.Hash             `json:"blockHash"     gencodec:"required"`
+	Transactions     [][]byte                `json:"transactions"  gencodec:"required"`
+	Withdrawals      []*types.Withdrawal     `json:"withdrawals"`
+	BlobGasUsed      *uint64                 `json:"blobGasUsed"`
+	ExcessBlobGas    *uint64                 `json:"excessBlobGas"`
+	ExecutionWitness *types.ExecutionWitness `json:"executionWitness,omitempty"`
 }

 // JSON type overrides for executableData.
@ -80,13 +93,23 @@ type executableDataMarshaling struct {
 	ExcessBlobGas *hexutil.Uint64
 }

+// StatelessPayloadStatusV1 is the result of a stateless payload execution.
+type StatelessPayloadStatusV1 struct {
+	Status          string      `json:"status"`
+	StateRoot       common.Hash `json:"stateRoot"`
+	ReceiptsRoot    common.Hash `json:"receiptsRoot"`
+	ValidationError *string     `json:"validationError"`
+}
+
 //go:generate go run github.com/fjl/gencodec -type ExecutionPayloadEnvelope -field-override executionPayloadEnvelopeMarshaling -out gen_epe.go

 type ExecutionPayloadEnvelope struct {
 	ExecutionPayload *ExecutableData `json:"executionPayload"  gencodec:"required"`
 	BlockValue       *big.Int        `json:"blockValue"  gencodec:"required"`
 	BlobsBundle      *BlobsBundleV1  `json:"blobsBundle"`
+	Requests         [][]byte        `json:"executionRequests"`
 	Override         bool            `json:"shouldOverrideBuilder"`
+	Witness          *hexutil.Bytes  `json:"witness,omitempty"`
 }

 type BlobsBundleV1 struct {
@ -95,15 +118,22 @@ type BlobsBundleV1 struct {
 	Blobs       []hexutil.Bytes `json:"blobs"`
 }

+type BlobAndProofV1 struct {
+	Blob  hexutil.Bytes `json:"blob"`
+	Proof hexutil.Bytes `json:"proof"`
+}
+
 // JSON type overrides for ExecutionPayloadEnvelope.
 type executionPayloadEnvelopeMarshaling struct {
 	BlockValue *hexutil.Big
+	Requests   []hexutil.Bytes
 }

 type PayloadStatusV1 struct {
-	Status          string       `json:"status"`
-	LatestValidHash *common.Hash `json:"latestValidHash"`
-	ValidationError *string      `json:"validationError"`
+	Status          string         `json:"status"`
+	Witness         *hexutil.Bytes `json:"witness"`
+	LatestValidHash *common.Hash   `json:"latestValidHash"`
+	ValidationError *string        `json:"validationError"`
 }

 type TransitionConfigurationV1 struct {
@ -115,6 +145,16 @@ type TransitionConfigurationV1 struct {
 // PayloadID is an identifier of the payload build process
 type PayloadID [8]byte

+// Version returns the payload version associated with the identifier.
+func (b PayloadID) Version() PayloadVersion {
+	return PayloadVersion(b[0])
+}
+
+// Is returns whether the identifier matches any of provided payload versions.
+func (b PayloadID) Is(versions ...PayloadVersion) bool {
+	return slices.Contains(versions, b.Version())
+}
+
 func (b PayloadID) String() string {
 	return hexutil.Encode(b[:])
 }
@ -172,23 +212,37 @@ func decodeTransactions(enc [][]byte) ([]*types.Transaction, error) {
 //
 // and that the blockhash of the constructed block matches the parameters. Nil
 // Withdrawals value will propagate through the returned block. Empty
-// Withdrawals value must be passed via non-nil, length 0 value in params.
-func ExecutableDataToBlock(params ExecutableData, versionedHashes []common.Hash, beaconRoot *common.Hash) (*types.Block, error) {
-	txs, err := decodeTransactions(params.Transactions)
+// Withdrawals value must be passed via non-nil, length 0 value in data.
+func ExecutableDataToBlock(data ExecutableData, versionedHashes []common.Hash, beaconRoot *common.Hash, requests [][]byte) (*types.Block, error) {
+	block, err := ExecutableDataToBlockNoHash(data, versionedHashes, beaconRoot, requests)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if len(params.ExtraData) > 32 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid extradata length: %v", len(params.ExtraData))
+	if block.Hash() != data.BlockHash {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("blockhash mismatch, want %x, got %x", data.BlockHash, block.Hash())
 	}
-	if len(params.LogsBloom) != 256 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid logsBloom length: %v", len(params.LogsBloom))
+	return block, nil
+}
+
+// ExecutableDataToBlockNoHash is analogous to ExecutableDataToBlock, but is used
+// for stateless execution, so it skips checking if the executable data hashes to
+// the requested hash (stateless has to *compute* the root hash, it's not given).
+func ExecutableDataToBlockNoHash(data ExecutableData, versionedHashes []common.Hash, beaconRoot *common.Hash, requests [][]byte) (*types.Block, error) {
+	txs, err := decodeTransactions(data.Transactions)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(data.ExtraData) > int(params.MaximumExtraDataSize) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid extradata length: %v", len(data.ExtraData))
+	}
+	if len(data.LogsBloom) != 256 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid logsBloom length: %v", len(data.LogsBloom))
 	}
 	// Check that baseFeePerGas is not negative or too big
-	if params.BaseFeePerGas != nil && (params.BaseFeePerGas.Sign() == -1 || params.BaseFeePerGas.BitLen() > 256) {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid baseFeePerGas: %v", params.BaseFeePerGas)
+	if data.BaseFeePerGas != nil && (data.BaseFeePerGas.Sign() == -1 || data.BaseFeePerGas.BitLen() > 256) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid baseFeePerGas: %v", data.BaseFeePerGas)
 	}
-	var blobHashes []common.Hash
+	var blobHashes = make([]common.Hash, 0, len(txs))
 	for _, tx := range txs {
 		blobHashes = append(blobHashes, tx.BlobHashes()...)
 	}
@ -204,60 +258,70 @@ func ExecutableDataToBlock(params ExecutableData, versionedHashes []common.Hash,
 	// ExecutableData before withdrawals are enabled by marshaling
 	// Withdrawals as the json null value.
 	var withdrawalsRoot *common.Hash
-	if params.Withdrawals != nil {
-		h := types.DeriveSha(types.Withdrawals(params.Withdrawals), trie.NewStackTrie(nil))
+	if data.Withdrawals != nil {
+		h := types.DeriveSha(types.Withdrawals(data.Withdrawals), trie.NewStackTrie(nil))
 		withdrawalsRoot = &h
 	}
+
+	var requestsHash *common.Hash
+	if requests != nil {
+		h := types.CalcRequestsHash(requests)
+		requestsHash = &h
+	}
+
 	header := &types.Header{
-		ParentHash:       params.ParentHash,
+		ParentHash:       data.ParentHash,
 		UncleHash:        types.EmptyUncleHash,
-		Coinbase:         params.FeeRecipient,
-		Root:             params.StateRoot,
+		Coinbase:         data.FeeRecipient,
+		Root:             data.StateRoot,
 		TxHash:           types.DeriveSha(types.Transactions(txs), trie.NewStackTrie(nil)),
-		ReceiptHash:      params.ReceiptsRoot,
-		Bloom:            types.BytesToBloom(params.LogsBloom),
+		ReceiptHash:      data.ReceiptsRoot,
+		Bloom:            types.BytesToBloom(data.LogsBloom),
 		Difficulty:       common.Big0,
-		Number:           new(big.Int).SetUint64(params.Number),
-		GasLimit:         params.GasLimit,
-		GasUsed:          params.GasUsed,
-		Time:             params.Timestamp,
-		BaseFee:          params.BaseFeePerGas,
-		Extra:            params.ExtraData,
-		MixDigest:        params.Random,
+		Number:           new(big.Int).SetUint64(data.Number),
+		GasLimit:         data.GasLimit,
+		GasUsed:          data.GasUsed,
+		Time:             data.Timestamp,
+		BaseFee:          data.BaseFeePerGas,
+		Extra:            data.ExtraData,
+		MixDigest:        data.Random,
 		WithdrawalsHash:  withdrawalsRoot,
-		ExcessBlobGas:    params.ExcessBlobGas,
-		BlobGasUsed:      params.BlobGasUsed,
+		ExcessBlobGas:    data.ExcessBlobGas,
+		BlobGasUsed:      data.BlobGasUsed,
 		ParentBeaconRoot: beaconRoot,
+		RequestsHash:     requestsHash,
 	}
-	block := types.NewBlockWithHeader(header).WithBody(txs, nil /* uncles */).WithWithdrawals(params.Withdrawals)
-	if block.Hash() != params.BlockHash {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("blockhash mismatch, want %x, got %x", params.BlockHash, block.Hash())
-	}
-	return block, nil
+	return types.NewBlockWithHeader(header).
+			WithBody(types.Body{Transactions: txs, Uncles: nil, Withdrawals: data.Withdrawals}).
+			WithWitness(data.ExecutionWitness),
+		nil
 }

 // BlockToExecutableData constructs the ExecutableData structure by filling the
 // fields from the given block. It assumes the given block is post-merge block.
-func BlockToExecutableData(block *types.Block, fees *big.Int, sidecars []*types.BlobTxSidecar) *ExecutionPayloadEnvelope {
+func BlockToExecutableData(block *types.Block, fees *big.Int, sidecars []*types.BlobTxSidecar, requests [][]byte) *ExecutionPayloadEnvelope {
 	data := &ExecutableData{
-		BlockHash:     block.Hash(),
-		ParentHash:    block.ParentHash(),
-		FeeRecipient:  block.Coinbase(),
-		StateRoot:     block.Root(),
-		Number:        block.NumberU64(),
-		GasLimit:      block.GasLimit(),
-		GasUsed:       block.GasUsed(),
-		BaseFeePerGas: block.BaseFee(),
-		Timestamp:     block.Time(),
-		ReceiptsRoot:  block.ReceiptHash(),
-		LogsBloom:     block.Bloom().Bytes(),
-		Transactions:  encodeTransactions(block.Transactions()),
-		Random:        block.MixDigest(),
-		ExtraData:     block.Extra(),
-		Withdrawals:   block.Withdrawals(),
-		BlobGasUsed:   block.BlobGasUsed(),
-		ExcessBlobGas: block.ExcessBlobGas(),
+		BlockHash:        block.Hash(),
+		ParentHash:       block.ParentHash(),
+		FeeRecipient:     block.Coinbase(),
+		StateRoot:        block.Root(),
+		Number:           block.NumberU64(),
+		GasLimit:         block.GasLimit(),
+		GasUsed:          block.GasUsed(),
+		BaseFeePerGas:    block.BaseFee(),
+		Timestamp:        block.Time(),
+		ReceiptsRoot:     block.ReceiptHash(),
+		LogsBloom:        block.Bloom().Bytes(),
+		Transactions:     encodeTransactions(block.Transactions()),
+		Random:           block.MixDigest(),
+		ExtraData:        block.Extra(),
+		Withdrawals:      block.Withdrawals(),
+		BlobGasUsed:      block.BlobGasUsed(),
+		ExcessBlobGas:    block.ExcessBlobGas(),
+		ExecutionWitness: block.ExecutionWitness(),
 	}
+
+	// Add blobs.
 	bundle := BlobsBundleV1{
 		Commitments: make([]hexutil.Bytes, 0),
 		Blobs:       make([]hexutil.Bytes, 0),
@ -270,11 +334,36 @@ func BlockToExecutableData(block *types.Block, fees *big.Int, sidecars []*types.
 			bundle.Proofs = append(bundle.Proofs, hexutil.Bytes(sidecar.Proofs[j][:]))
 		}
 	}
-	return &ExecutionPayloadEnvelope{ExecutionPayload: data, BlockValue: fees, BlobsBundle: &bundle, Override: false}
+
+	return &ExecutionPayloadEnvelope{
+		ExecutionPayload: data,
+		BlockValue:       fees,
+		BlobsBundle:      &bundle,
+		Requests:         requests,
+		Override:         false,
+	}
 }

-// ExecutionPayloadBodyV1 is used in the response to GetPayloadBodiesByHashV1 and GetPayloadBodiesByRangeV1
-type ExecutionPayloadBodyV1 struct {
+// ExecutionPayloadBody is used in the response to GetPayloadBodiesByHash and GetPayloadBodiesByRange
+type ExecutionPayloadBody struct {
 	TransactionData []hexutil.Bytes     `json:"transactions"`
 	Withdrawals     []*types.Withdrawal `json:"withdrawals"`
 }
+
+// Client identifiers to support ClientVersionV1.
+const (
+	ClientCode = "GE"
+	ClientName = "go-ethereum"
+)
+
+// ClientVersionV1 contains information which identifies a client implementation.
+type ClientVersionV1 struct {
+	Code    string `json:"code"`
+	Name    string `json:"name"`
+	Version string `json:"version"`
+	Commit  string `json:"commit"`
+}
+
+func (v *ClientVersionV1) String() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s-%s-%s-%s", v.Code, v.Name, v.Version, v.Commit)
+}
--- a/beacon/light/api/api_server.go
+++ b/beacon/light/api/api_server.go
@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package api
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/light/request"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/light/sync"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
+)
+
+// ApiServer is a wrapper around BeaconLightApi that implements request.requestServer.
+type ApiServer struct {
+	api           *BeaconLightApi
+	eventCallback func(event request.Event)
+	unsubscribe   func()
+}
+
+// NewApiServer creates a new ApiServer.
+func NewApiServer(api *BeaconLightApi) *ApiServer {
+	return &ApiServer{api: api}
+}
+
+// Subscribe implements request.requestServer.
+func (s *ApiServer) Subscribe(eventCallback func(event request.Event)) {
+	s.eventCallback = eventCallback
+	listener := HeadEventListener{
+		OnNewHead: func(slot uint64, blockRoot common.Hash) {
+			log.Debug("New head received", "slot", slot, "blockRoot", blockRoot)
+			eventCallback(request.Event{Type: sync.EvNewHead, Data: types.HeadInfo{Slot: slot, BlockRoot: blockRoot}})
+		},
+		OnOptimistic: func(update types.OptimisticUpdate) {
+			log.Debug("New optimistic update received", "slot", update.Attested.Slot, "blockRoot", update.Attested.Hash(), "signerCount", update.Signature.SignerCount())
+			eventCallback(request.Event{Type: sync.EvNewOptimisticUpdate, Data: update})
+		},
+		OnFinality: func(update types.FinalityUpdate) {
+			log.Debug("New finality update received", "slot", update.Attested.Slot, "blockRoot", update.Attested.Hash(), "signerCount", update.Signature.SignerCount())
+			eventCallback(request.Event{Type: sync.EvNewFinalityUpdate, Data: update})
+		},
+		OnError: func(err error) {
+			log.Warn("Head event stream error", "err", err)
+		},
+	}
+	s.unsubscribe = s.api.StartHeadListener(listener)
+}
+
+// SendRequest implements request.requestServer.
+func (s *ApiServer) SendRequest(id request.ID, req request.Request) {
+	go func() {
+		var resp request.Response
+		var err error
+		switch data := req.(type) {
+		case sync.ReqUpdates:
+			log.Debug("Beacon API: requesting light client update", "reqid", id, "period", data.FirstPeriod, "count", data.Count)
+			var r sync.RespUpdates
+			r.Updates, r.Committees, err = s.api.GetBestUpdatesAndCommittees(data.FirstPeriod, data.Count)
+			resp = r
+		case sync.ReqHeader:
+			var r sync.RespHeader
+			log.Debug("Beacon API: requesting header", "reqid", id, "hash", common.Hash(data))
+			r.Header, r.Canonical, r.Finalized, err = s.api.GetHeader(common.Hash(data))
+			resp = r
+		case sync.ReqCheckpointData:
+			log.Debug("Beacon API: requesting checkpoint data", "reqid", id, "hash", common.Hash(data))
+			resp, err = s.api.GetCheckpointData(common.Hash(data))
+		case sync.ReqBeaconBlock:
+			log.Debug("Beacon API: requesting block", "reqid", id, "hash", common.Hash(data))
+			resp, err = s.api.GetBeaconBlock(common.Hash(data))
+		case sync.ReqFinality:
+			log.Debug("Beacon API: requesting finality update")
+			resp, err = s.api.GetFinalityUpdate()
+		default:
+		}
+
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Warn("Beacon API request failed", "type", reflect.TypeOf(req), "reqid", id, "err", err)
+			s.eventCallback(request.Event{Type: request.EvFail, Data: request.RequestResponse{ID: id, Request: req}})
+		} else {
+			log.Debug("Beacon API request answered", "type", reflect.TypeOf(req), "reqid", id)
+			s.eventCallback(request.Event{Type: request.EvResponse, Data: request.RequestResponse{ID: id, Request: req, Response: resp}})
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+// Unsubscribe implements request.requestServer.
+// Note: Unsubscribe should not be called concurrently with Subscribe.
+func (s *ApiServer) Unsubscribe() {
+	if s.unsubscribe != nil {
+		s.unsubscribe()
+		s.unsubscribe = nil
+	}
+}
+
+// Name implements request.Server
+func (s *ApiServer) Name() string {
+	return s.api.url
+}
--- a/beacon/light/api/light_api.go
+++ b/beacon/light/api/light_api.go
@ -0,0 +1,601 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more detaiapi.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package api
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"strconv"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/donovanhide/eventsource"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/merkle"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/params"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
+)
+
+var (
+	ErrNotFound = errors.New("404 Not Found")
+	ErrInternal = errors.New("500 Internal Server Error")
+)
+
+type CommitteeUpdate struct {
+	Update            types.LightClientUpdate
+	NextSyncCommittee types.SerializedSyncCommittee
+}
+
+// See data structure definition here:
+// https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/dev/specs/altair/light-client/sync-protocol.md#lightclientupdate
+type committeeUpdateJson struct {
+	Version string              `json:"version"`
+	Data    committeeUpdateData `json:"data"`
+}
+
+type committeeUpdateData struct {
+	Header                  jsonBeaconHeader              `json:"attested_header"`
+	NextSyncCommittee       types.SerializedSyncCommittee `json:"next_sync_committee"`
+	NextSyncCommitteeBranch merkle.Values                 `json:"next_sync_committee_branch"`
+	FinalizedHeader         *jsonBeaconHeader             `json:"finalized_header,omitempty"`
+	FinalityBranch          merkle.Values                 `json:"finality_branch,omitempty"`
+	SyncAggregate           types.SyncAggregate           `json:"sync_aggregate"`
+	SignatureSlot           common.Decimal                `json:"signature_slot"`
+}
+
+type jsonBeaconHeader struct {
+	Beacon types.Header `json:"beacon"`
+}
+
+type jsonHeaderWithExecProof struct {
+	Beacon          types.Header    `json:"beacon"`
+	Execution       json.RawMessage `json:"execution"`
+	ExecutionBranch merkle.Values   `json:"execution_branch"`
+}
+
+// UnmarshalJSON unmarshals from JSON.
+func (u *CommitteeUpdate) UnmarshalJSON(input []byte) error {
+	var dec committeeUpdateJson
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(input, &dec); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	u.NextSyncCommittee = dec.Data.NextSyncCommittee
+	u.Update = types.LightClientUpdate{
+		Version: dec.Version,
+		AttestedHeader: types.SignedHeader{
+			Header:        dec.Data.Header.Beacon,
+			Signature:     dec.Data.SyncAggregate,
+			SignatureSlot: uint64(dec.Data.SignatureSlot),
+		},
+		NextSyncCommitteeRoot:   u.NextSyncCommittee.Root(),
+		NextSyncCommitteeBranch: dec.Data.NextSyncCommitteeBranch,
+		FinalityBranch:          dec.Data.FinalityBranch,
+	}
+	if dec.Data.FinalizedHeader != nil {
+		u.Update.FinalizedHeader = &dec.Data.FinalizedHeader.Beacon
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// fetcher is an interface useful for debug-harnessing the http api.
+type fetcher interface {
+	Do(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error)
+}
+
+// BeaconLightApi requests light client information from a beacon node REST API.
+// Note: all required API endpoints are currently only implemented by Lodestar.
+type BeaconLightApi struct {
+	url           string
+	client        fetcher
+	customHeaders map[string]string
+}
+
+func NewBeaconLightApi(url string, customHeaders map[string]string) *BeaconLightApi {
+	return &BeaconLightApi{
+		url: url,
+		client: &http.Client{
+			Timeout: time.Second * 10,
+		},
+		customHeaders: customHeaders,
+	}
+}
+
+func (api *BeaconLightApi) httpGet(path string, params url.Values) ([]byte, error) {
+	uri, err := api.buildURL(path, params)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", uri, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	for k, v := range api.customHeaders {
+		req.Header.Set(k, v)
+	}
+	resp, err := api.client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	switch resp.StatusCode {
+	case 200:
+		return io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	case 404:
+		return nil, ErrNotFound
+	case 500:
+		return nil, ErrInternal
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected error from API endpoint \"%s\": status code %d", path, resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+}
+
+// GetBestUpdatesAndCommittees fetches and validates LightClientUpdate for given
+// period and full serialized committee for the next period (committee root hash
+// equals update.NextSyncCommitteeRoot).
+// Note that the results are validated but the update signature should be verified
+// by the caller as its validity depends on the update chain.
+func (api *BeaconLightApi) GetBestUpdatesAndCommittees(firstPeriod, count uint64) ([]*types.LightClientUpdate, []*types.SerializedSyncCommittee, error) {
+	resp, err := api.httpGet("/eth/v1/beacon/light_client/updates", map[string][]string{
+		"start_period": {strconv.FormatUint(firstPeriod, 10)},
+		"count":        {strconv.FormatUint(count, 10)},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	var data []CommitteeUpdate
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(resp, &data); err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	if len(data) != int(count) {
+		return nil, nil, errors.New("invalid number of committee updates")
+	}
+	updates := make([]*types.LightClientUpdate, int(count))
+	committees := make([]*types.SerializedSyncCommittee, int(count))
+	for i, d := range data {
+		if d.Update.AttestedHeader.Header.SyncPeriod() != firstPeriod+uint64(i) {
+			return nil, nil, errors.New("wrong committee update header period")
+		}
+		if err := d.Update.Validate(); err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+		if d.NextSyncCommittee.Root() != d.Update.NextSyncCommitteeRoot {
+			return nil, nil, errors.New("wrong sync committee root")
+		}
+		updates[i], committees[i] = new(types.LightClientUpdate), new(types.SerializedSyncCommittee)
+		*updates[i], *committees[i] = d.Update, d.NextSyncCommittee
+	}
+	return updates, committees, nil
+}
+
+// GetOptimisticUpdate fetches the latest available optimistic update.
+// Note that the signature should be verified by the caller as its validity
+// depends on the update chain.
+//
+// See data structure definition here:
+// https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/dev/specs/altair/light-client/sync-protocol.md#lightclientoptimisticupdate
+func (api *BeaconLightApi) GetOptimisticUpdate() (types.OptimisticUpdate, error) {
+	resp, err := api.httpGet("/eth/v1/beacon/light_client/optimistic_update", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return types.OptimisticUpdate{}, err
+	}
+	return decodeOptimisticUpdate(resp)
+}
+
+func decodeOptimisticUpdate(enc []byte) (types.OptimisticUpdate, error) {
+	var data struct {
+		Version string `json:"version"`
+		Data    struct {
+			Attested      jsonHeaderWithExecProof `json:"attested_header"`
+			Aggregate     types.SyncAggregate     `json:"sync_aggregate"`
+			SignatureSlot common.Decimal          `json:"signature_slot"`
+		} `json:"data"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(enc, &data); err != nil {
+		return types.OptimisticUpdate{}, err
+	}
+	// Decode the execution payload headers.
+	attestedExecHeader, err := types.ExecutionHeaderFromJSON(data.Version, data.Data.Attested.Execution)
+	if err != nil {
+		return types.OptimisticUpdate{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid attested header: %v", err)
+	}
+	if data.Data.Attested.Beacon.StateRoot == (common.Hash{}) {
+		// workaround for different event encoding format in Lodestar
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(enc, &data.Data); err != nil {
+			return types.OptimisticUpdate{}, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(data.Data.Aggregate.Signers) != params.SyncCommitteeBitmaskSize {
+		return types.OptimisticUpdate{}, errors.New("invalid sync_committee_bits length")
+	}
+	if len(data.Data.Aggregate.Signature) != params.BLSSignatureSize {
+		return types.OptimisticUpdate{}, errors.New("invalid sync_committee_signature length")
+	}
+	return types.OptimisticUpdate{
+		Attested: types.HeaderWithExecProof{
+			Header:        data.Data.Attested.Beacon,
+			PayloadHeader: attestedExecHeader,
+			PayloadBranch: data.Data.Attested.ExecutionBranch,
+		},
+		Signature:     data.Data.Aggregate,
+		SignatureSlot: uint64(data.Data.SignatureSlot),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// GetFinalityUpdate fetches the latest available finality update.
+//
+// See data structure definition here:
+// https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/dev/specs/altair/light-client/sync-protocol.md#lightclientfinalityupdate
+func (api *BeaconLightApi) GetFinalityUpdate() (types.FinalityUpdate, error) {
+	resp, err := api.httpGet("/eth/v1/beacon/light_client/finality_update", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return types.FinalityUpdate{}, err
+	}
+	return decodeFinalityUpdate(resp)
+}
+
+func decodeFinalityUpdate(enc []byte) (types.FinalityUpdate, error) {
+	var data struct {
+		Version string `json:"version"`
+		Data    struct {
+			Attested       jsonHeaderWithExecProof `json:"attested_header"`
+			Finalized      jsonHeaderWithExecProof `json:"finalized_header"`
+			FinalityBranch merkle.Values           `json:"finality_branch"`
+			Aggregate      types.SyncAggregate     `json:"sync_aggregate"`
+			SignatureSlot  common.Decimal          `json:"signature_slot"`
+		}
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(enc, &data); err != nil {
+		return types.FinalityUpdate{}, err
+	}
+	// Decode the execution payload headers.
+	attestedExecHeader, err := types.ExecutionHeaderFromJSON(data.Version, data.Data.Attested.Execution)
+	if err != nil {
+		return types.FinalityUpdate{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid attested header: %v", err)
+	}
+	finalizedExecHeader, err := types.ExecutionHeaderFromJSON(data.Version, data.Data.Finalized.Execution)
+	if err != nil {
+		return types.FinalityUpdate{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid finalized header: %v", err)
+	}
+	// Perform sanity checks.
+	if len(data.Data.Aggregate.Signers) != params.SyncCommitteeBitmaskSize {
+		return types.FinalityUpdate{}, errors.New("invalid sync_committee_bits length")
+	}
+	if len(data.Data.Aggregate.Signature) != params.BLSSignatureSize {
+		return types.FinalityUpdate{}, errors.New("invalid sync_committee_signature length")
+	}
+
+	return types.FinalityUpdate{
+		Version: data.Version,
+		Attested: types.HeaderWithExecProof{
+			Header:        data.Data.Attested.Beacon,
+			PayloadHeader: attestedExecHeader,
+			PayloadBranch: data.Data.Attested.ExecutionBranch,
+		},
+		Finalized: types.HeaderWithExecProof{
+			Header:        data.Data.Finalized.Beacon,
+			PayloadHeader: finalizedExecHeader,
+			PayloadBranch: data.Data.Finalized.ExecutionBranch,
+		},
+		FinalityBranch: data.Data.FinalityBranch,
+		Signature:      data.Data.Aggregate,
+		SignatureSlot:  uint64(data.Data.SignatureSlot),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// GetHeader fetches and validates the beacon header with the given blockRoot.
+// If blockRoot is null hash then the latest head header is fetched.
+// The values of the canonical and finalized flags are also returned. Note that
+// these flags are not validated.
+func (api *BeaconLightApi) GetHeader(blockRoot common.Hash) (types.Header, bool, bool, error) {
+	var blockId string
+	if blockRoot == (common.Hash{}) {
+		blockId = "head"
+	} else {
+		blockId = blockRoot.Hex()
+	}
+	resp, err := api.httpGet(fmt.Sprintf("/eth/v1/beacon/headers/%s", blockId), nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return types.Header{}, false, false, err
+	}
+
+	var data struct {
+		Finalized bool `json:"finalized"`
+		Data      struct {
+			Root      common.Hash `json:"root"`
+			Canonical bool        `json:"canonical"`
+			Header    struct {
+				Message   types.Header  `json:"message"`
+				Signature hexutil.Bytes `json:"signature"`
+			} `json:"header"`
+		} `json:"data"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(resp, &data); err != nil {
+		return types.Header{}, false, false, err
+	}
+	header := data.Data.Header.Message
+	if blockRoot == (common.Hash{}) {
+		blockRoot = data.Data.Root
+	}
+	if header.Hash() != blockRoot {
+		return types.Header{}, false, false, errors.New("retrieved beacon header root does not match")
+	}
+	return header, data.Data.Canonical, data.Finalized, nil
+}
+
+// GetCheckpointData fetches and validates bootstrap data belonging to the given checkpoint.
+func (api *BeaconLightApi) GetCheckpointData(checkpointHash common.Hash) (*types.BootstrapData, error) {
+	resp, err := api.httpGet(fmt.Sprintf("/eth/v1/beacon/light_client/bootstrap/0x%x", checkpointHash[:]), nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// See data structure definition here:
+	// https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/dev/specs/altair/light-client/sync-protocol.md#lightclientbootstrap
+	type bootstrapData struct {
+		Version string `json:"version"`
+		Data    struct {
+			Header          jsonBeaconHeader               `json:"header"`
+			Committee       *types.SerializedSyncCommittee `json:"current_sync_committee"`
+			CommitteeBranch merkle.Values                  `json:"current_sync_committee_branch"`
+		} `json:"data"`
+	}
+
+	var data bootstrapData
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(resp, &data); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if data.Data.Committee == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("sync committee is missing")
+	}
+	header := data.Data.Header.Beacon
+	if header.Hash() != checkpointHash {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid checkpoint block header, have %v want %v", header.Hash(), checkpointHash)
+	}
+	checkpoint := &types.BootstrapData{
+		Version:         data.Version,
+		Header:          header,
+		CommitteeBranch: data.Data.CommitteeBranch,
+		CommitteeRoot:   data.Data.Committee.Root(),
+		Committee:       data.Data.Committee,
+	}
+	if err := checkpoint.Validate(); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid checkpoint: %w", err)
+	}
+	if checkpoint.Header.Hash() != checkpointHash {
+		return nil, errors.New("wrong checkpoint hash")
+	}
+	return checkpoint, nil
+}
+
+func (api *BeaconLightApi) GetBeaconBlock(blockRoot common.Hash) (*types.BeaconBlock, error) {
+	resp, err := api.httpGet(fmt.Sprintf("/eth/v2/beacon/blocks/0x%x", blockRoot), nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var beaconBlockMessage struct {
+		Version string `json:"version"`
+		Data    struct {
+			Message json.RawMessage `json:"message"`
+		}
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(resp, &beaconBlockMessage); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid block json data: %v", err)
+	}
+	block, err := types.BlockFromJSON(beaconBlockMessage.Version, beaconBlockMessage.Data.Message)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	computedRoot := block.Root()
+	if computedRoot != blockRoot {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Beacon block root hash mismatch (expected: %x, got: %x)", blockRoot, computedRoot)
+	}
+	return block, nil
+}
+
+func decodeHeadEvent(enc []byte) (uint64, common.Hash, error) {
+	var data struct {
+		Slot  common.Decimal `json:"slot"`
+		Block common.Hash    `json:"block"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(enc, &data); err != nil {
+		return 0, common.Hash{}, err
+	}
+	return uint64(data.Slot), data.Block, nil
+}
+
+type HeadEventListener struct {
+	OnNewHead    func(slot uint64, blockRoot common.Hash)
+	OnOptimistic func(head types.OptimisticUpdate)
+	OnFinality   func(head types.FinalityUpdate)
+	OnError      func(err error)
+}
+
+// StartHeadListener creates an event subscription for heads and signed (optimistic)
+// head updates and calls the specified callback functions when they are received.
+// The callbacks are also called for the current head and optimistic head at startup.
+// They are never called concurrently.
+func (api *BeaconLightApi) StartHeadListener(listener HeadEventListener) func() {
+	var (
+		ctx, closeCtx = context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+		streamCh      = make(chan *eventsource.Stream, 1)
+		wg            sync.WaitGroup
+	)
+
+	// When connected to a Lodestar node the subscription blocks until the first actual
+	// event arrives; therefore we create the subscription in a separate goroutine while
+	// letting the main goroutine sync up to the current head.
+	wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		stream := api.startEventStream(ctx, &listener)
+		if stream == nil {
+			// This case happens when the context was closed.
+			return
+		}
+		// Stream was opened, wait for close signal.
+		streamCh <- stream
+		<-ctx.Done()
+		stream.Close()
+	}()
+
+	wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+
+		// Request initial data.
+		log.Trace("Requesting initial head header")
+		if head, _, _, err := api.GetHeader(common.Hash{}); err == nil {
+			log.Trace("Retrieved initial head header", "slot", head.Slot, "hash", head.Hash())
+			listener.OnNewHead(head.Slot, head.Hash())
+		} else {
+			log.Debug("Failed to retrieve initial head header", "error", err)
+		}
+		log.Trace("Requesting initial optimistic update")
+		if optimisticUpdate, err := api.GetOptimisticUpdate(); err == nil {
+			log.Trace("Retrieved initial optimistic update", "slot", optimisticUpdate.Attested.Slot, "hash", optimisticUpdate.Attested.Hash())
+			listener.OnOptimistic(optimisticUpdate)
+		} else {
+			log.Debug("Failed to retrieve initial optimistic update", "error", err)
+		}
+		log.Trace("Requesting initial finality update")
+		if finalityUpdate, err := api.GetFinalityUpdate(); err == nil {
+			log.Trace("Retrieved initial finality update", "slot", finalityUpdate.Finalized.Slot, "hash", finalityUpdate.Finalized.Hash())
+			listener.OnFinality(finalityUpdate)
+		} else {
+			log.Debug("Failed to retrieve initial finality update", "error", err)
+		}
+
+		log.Trace("Starting event stream processing loop")
+		// Receive the stream.
+		var stream *eventsource.Stream
+		select {
+		case stream = <-streamCh:
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			log.Trace("Stopping event stream processing loop")
+			return
+		}
+
+		for {
+			select {
+			case event, ok := <-stream.Events:
+				if !ok {
+					log.Trace("Event stream closed")
+					return
+				}
+				log.Trace("New event received from event stream", "type", event.Event())
+				switch event.Event() {
+				case "head":
+					slot, blockRoot, err := decodeHeadEvent([]byte(event.Data()))
+					if err == nil {
+						listener.OnNewHead(slot, blockRoot)
+					} else {
+						listener.OnError(fmt.Errorf("error decoding head event: %v", err))
+					}
+				case "light_client_optimistic_update":
+					optimisticUpdate, err := decodeOptimisticUpdate([]byte(event.Data()))
+					if err == nil {
+						listener.OnOptimistic(optimisticUpdate)
+					} else {
+						listener.OnError(fmt.Errorf("error decoding optimistic update event: %v", err))
+					}
+				case "light_client_finality_update":
+					finalityUpdate, err := decodeFinalityUpdate([]byte(event.Data()))
+					if err == nil {
+						listener.OnFinality(finalityUpdate)
+					} else {
+						listener.OnError(fmt.Errorf("error decoding finality update event: %v", err))
+					}
+				default:
+					listener.OnError(fmt.Errorf("unexpected event: %s", event.Event()))
+				}
+
+			case err, ok := <-stream.Errors:
+				if !ok {
+					return
+				}
+				listener.OnError(err)
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	return func() {
+		closeCtx()
+		wg.Wait()
+	}
+}
+
+// startEventStream establishes an event stream. This will keep retrying until the stream has been
+// established. It can only return nil when the context is canceled.
+func (api *BeaconLightApi) startEventStream(ctx context.Context, listener *HeadEventListener) *eventsource.Stream {
+	for retry := true; retry; retry = ctxSleep(ctx, 5*time.Second) {
+		log.Trace("Sending event subscription request")
+		uri, err := api.buildURL("/eth/v1/events", map[string][]string{"topics": {"head", "light_client_finality_update", "light_client_optimistic_update"}})
+		if err != nil {
+			listener.OnError(fmt.Errorf("error creating event subscription URL: %v", err))
+			continue
+		}
+		req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", uri, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			listener.OnError(fmt.Errorf("error creating event subscription request: %v", err))
+			continue
+		}
+		for k, v := range api.customHeaders {
+			req.Header.Set(k, v)
+		}
+		stream, err := eventsource.SubscribeWithRequest("", req)
+		if err != nil {
+			listener.OnError(fmt.Errorf("error creating event subscription: %v", err))
+			continue
+		}
+		log.Trace("Successfully created event stream")
+		return stream
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func ctxSleep(ctx context.Context, timeout time.Duration) (ok bool) {
+	timer := time.NewTimer(timeout)
+	defer timer.Stop()
+	select {
+	case <-timer.C:
+		return true
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+func (api *BeaconLightApi) buildURL(path string, params url.Values) (string, error) {
+	uri, err := url.Parse(api.url)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	uri = uri.JoinPath(path)
+	if params != nil {
+		uri.RawQuery = params.Encode()
+	}
+	return uri.String(), nil
+}
--- a/beacon/light/committee_chain.go
+++ b/beacon/light/committee_chain.go
@ -70,34 +70,38 @@ type CommitteeChain struct {
 	committees          *canonicalStore[*types.SerializedSyncCommittee]
 	fixedCommitteeRoots *canonicalStore[common.Hash]
 	committeeCache      *lru.Cache[uint64, syncCommittee] // cache deserialized committees
+	changeCounter       uint64

 	clock       mclock.Clock         // monotonic clock (simulated clock in tests)
 	unixNano    func() int64         // system clock (simulated clock in tests)
 	sigVerifier committeeSigVerifier // BLS sig verifier (dummy verifier in tests)

-	config             *types.ChainConfig
-	signerThreshold    int
+	config             *params.ChainConfig
 	minimumUpdateScore types.UpdateScore
 	enforceTime        bool // enforceTime specifies whether the age of a signed header should be checked
 }

 // NewCommitteeChain creates a new CommitteeChain.
-func NewCommitteeChain(db ethdb.KeyValueStore, config *types.ChainConfig, signerThreshold int, enforceTime bool) *CommitteeChain {
+func NewCommitteeChain(db ethdb.KeyValueStore, config *params.ChainConfig, signerThreshold int, enforceTime bool) *CommitteeChain {
 	return newCommitteeChain(db, config, signerThreshold, enforceTime, blsVerifier{}, &mclock.System{}, func() int64 { return time.Now().UnixNano() })
 }

+// NewTestCommitteeChain creates a new CommitteeChain for testing.
+func NewTestCommitteeChain(db ethdb.KeyValueStore, config *params.ChainConfig, signerThreshold int, enforceTime bool, clock *mclock.Simulated) *CommitteeChain {
+	return newCommitteeChain(db, config, signerThreshold, enforceTime, dummyVerifier{}, clock, func() int64 { return int64(clock.Now()) })
+}
+
 // newCommitteeChain creates a new CommitteeChain with the option of replacing the
 // clock source and signature verification for testing purposes.
-func newCommitteeChain(db ethdb.KeyValueStore, config *types.ChainConfig, signerThreshold int, enforceTime bool, sigVerifier committeeSigVerifier, clock mclock.Clock, unixNano func() int64) *CommitteeChain {
+func newCommitteeChain(db ethdb.KeyValueStore, config *params.ChainConfig, signerThreshold int, enforceTime bool, sigVerifier committeeSigVerifier, clock mclock.Clock, unixNano func() int64) *CommitteeChain {
 	s := &CommitteeChain{
-		committeeCache:  lru.NewCache[uint64, syncCommittee](10),
-		db:              db,
-		sigVerifier:     sigVerifier,
-		clock:           clock,
-		unixNano:        unixNano,
-		config:          config,
-		signerThreshold: signerThreshold,
-		enforceTime:     enforceTime,
+		committeeCache: lru.NewCache[uint64, syncCommittee](10),
+		db:             db,
+		sigVerifier:    sigVerifier,
+		clock:          clock,
+		unixNano:       unixNano,
+		config:         config,
+		enforceTime:    enforceTime,
 		minimumUpdateScore: types.UpdateScore{
 			SignerCount:    uint32(signerThreshold),
 			SubPeriodIndex: params.SyncPeriodLength / 16,
@ -181,20 +185,20 @@ func (s *CommitteeChain) Reset() {
 	if err := s.rollback(0); err != nil {
 		log.Error("Error writing batch into chain database", "error", err)
 	}
+	s.changeCounter++
 }

-// CheckpointInit initializes a CommitteeChain based on the checkpoint.
+// CheckpointInit initializes a CommitteeChain based on a checkpoint.
 // Note: if the chain is already initialized and the committees proven by the
 // checkpoint do match the existing chain then the chain is retained and the
 // new checkpoint becomes fixed.
-func (s *CommitteeChain) CheckpointInit(bootstrap *types.BootstrapData) error {
+func (s *CommitteeChain) CheckpointInit(bootstrap types.BootstrapData) error {
 	s.chainmu.Lock()
 	defer s.chainmu.Unlock()

 	if err := bootstrap.Validate(); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-
 	period := bootstrap.Header.SyncPeriod()
 	if err := s.deleteFixedCommitteeRootsFrom(period + 2); err != nil {
 		s.Reset()
@ -215,6 +219,7 @@ func (s *CommitteeChain) CheckpointInit(bootstrap *types.BootstrapData) error {
 		s.Reset()
 		return err
 	}
+	s.changeCounter++
 	return nil
 }

@ -367,6 +372,7 @@ func (s *CommitteeChain) InsertUpdate(update *types.LightClientUpdate, nextCommi
 			return ErrWrongCommitteeRoot
 		}
 	}
+	s.changeCounter++
 	if reorg {
 		if err := s.rollback(period + 1); err != nil {
 			return err
@ -405,6 +411,13 @@ func (s *CommitteeChain) NextSyncPeriod() (uint64, bool) {
 	return s.committees.periods.End - 1, true
 }

+func (s *CommitteeChain) ChangeCounter() uint64 {
+	s.chainmu.RLock()
+	defer s.chainmu.RUnlock()
+
+	return s.changeCounter
+}
+
 // rollback removes all committees and fixed roots from the given period and updates
 // starting from the previous period.
 func (s *CommitteeChain) rollback(period uint64) error {
@ -452,12 +465,12 @@ func (s *CommitteeChain) getSyncCommittee(period uint64) (syncCommittee, error)
 	if sc, ok := s.committees.get(s.db, period); ok {
 		c, err := s.sigVerifier.deserializeSyncCommittee(sc)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("Sync committee #%d deserialization error: %v", period, err)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("sync committee #%d deserialization error: %v", period, err)
 		}
 		s.committeeCache.Add(period, c)
 		return c, nil
 	}
-	return nil, fmt.Errorf("Missing serialized sync committee #%d", period)
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("missing serialized sync committee #%d", period)
 }

 // VerifySignedHeader returns true if the given signed header has a valid signature
@ -492,7 +505,7 @@ func (s *CommitteeChain) verifySignedHeader(head types.SignedHeader) (bool, time
 	if committee == nil {
 		return false, age, nil
 	}
-	if signingRoot, err := s.config.Forks.SigningRoot(head.Header); err == nil {
+	if signingRoot, err := s.config.Forks.SigningRoot(head.Header.Epoch(), head.Header.Hash()); err == nil {
 		return s.sigVerifier.verifySignature(committee, signingRoot, &head.Signature), age, nil
 	}
 	return false, age, nil
--- a/beacon/light/committee_chain_test.go
+++ b/beacon/light/committee_chain_test.go
@ -31,15 +31,15 @@ var (
 	testGenesis  = newTestGenesis()
 	testGenesis2 = newTestGenesis()

-	tfBase = newTestForks(testGenesis, types.Forks{
-		&types.Fork{Epoch: 0, Version: []byte{0}},
+	tfBase = newTestForks(testGenesis, params.Forks{
+		&params.Fork{Epoch: 0, Version: []byte{0}},
 	})
-	tfAlternative = newTestForks(testGenesis, types.Forks{
-		&types.Fork{Epoch: 0, Version: []byte{0}},
-		&types.Fork{Epoch: 0x700, Version: []byte{1}},
+	tfAlternative = newTestForks(testGenesis, params.Forks{
+		&params.Fork{Epoch: 0, Version: []byte{0}},
+		&params.Fork{Epoch: 0x700, Version: []byte{1}},
 	})
-	tfAnotherGenesis = newTestForks(testGenesis2, types.Forks{
-		&types.Fork{Epoch: 0, Version: []byte{0}},
+	tfAnotherGenesis = newTestForks(testGenesis2, params.Forks{
+		&params.Fork{Epoch: 0, Version: []byte{0}},
 	})

 	tcBase                      = newTestCommitteeChain(nil, tfBase, true, 0, 10, 400, false)
@ -226,13 +226,13 @@ type committeeChainTest struct {
 	t               *testing.T
 	db              *memorydb.Database
 	clock           *mclock.Simulated
-	config          types.ChainConfig
+	config          params.ChainConfig
 	signerThreshold int
 	enforceTime     bool
 	chain           *CommitteeChain
 }

-func newCommitteeChainTest(t *testing.T, config types.ChainConfig, signerThreshold int, enforceTime bool) *committeeChainTest {
+func newCommitteeChainTest(t *testing.T, config params.ChainConfig, signerThreshold int, enforceTime bool) *committeeChainTest {
 	c := &committeeChainTest{
 		t:               t,
 		db:              memorydb.New(),
@ -241,12 +241,12 @@ func newCommitteeChainTest(t *testing.T, config types.ChainConfig, signerThresho
 		signerThreshold: signerThreshold,
 		enforceTime:     enforceTime,
 	}
-	c.chain = newCommitteeChain(c.db, &config, signerThreshold, enforceTime, dummyVerifier{}, c.clock, func() int64 { return int64(c.clock.Now()) })
+	c.chain = NewTestCommitteeChain(c.db, &config, signerThreshold, enforceTime, c.clock)
 	return c
 }

 func (c *committeeChainTest) reloadChain() {
-	c.chain = newCommitteeChain(c.db, &c.config, c.signerThreshold, c.enforceTime, dummyVerifier{}, c.clock, func() int64 { return int64(c.clock.Now()) })
+	c.chain = NewTestCommitteeChain(c.db, &c.config, c.signerThreshold, c.enforceTime, c.clock)
 }

 func (c *committeeChainTest) setClockPeriod(period float64) {
@ -298,20 +298,20 @@ func (c *committeeChainTest) verifyRange(tc *testCommitteeChain, begin, end uint
 	c.verifySignedHeader(tc, float64(end)+1.5, false)
 }

-func newTestGenesis() types.ChainConfig {
-	var config types.ChainConfig
+func newTestGenesis() params.ChainConfig {
+	var config params.ChainConfig
 	rand.Read(config.GenesisValidatorsRoot[:])
 	return config
 }

-func newTestForks(config types.ChainConfig, forks types.Forks) types.ChainConfig {
+func newTestForks(config params.ChainConfig, forks params.Forks) params.ChainConfig {
 	for _, fork := range forks {
 		config.AddFork(fork.Name, fork.Epoch, fork.Version)
 	}
 	return config
 }

-func newTestCommitteeChain(parent *testCommitteeChain, config types.ChainConfig, newCommittees bool, begin, end int, signerCount int, finalizedHeader bool) *testCommitteeChain {
+func newTestCommitteeChain(parent *testCommitteeChain, config params.ChainConfig, newCommittees bool, begin, end int, signerCount int, finalizedHeader bool) *testCommitteeChain {
 	tc := &testCommitteeChain{
 		config: config,
 	}
@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ type testPeriod struct {

 type testCommitteeChain struct {
 	periods []testPeriod
-	config  types.ChainConfig
+	config  params.ChainConfig
 }

 func (tc *testCommitteeChain) fillCommittees(begin, end int) {
--- a/beacon/light/head_tracker.go
+++ b/beacon/light/head_tracker.go
@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package light
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
+)
+
+// HeadTracker keeps track of the latest validated head and the "prefetch" head
+// which is the (not necessarily validated) head announced by the majority of
+// servers.
+type HeadTracker struct {
+	lock                sync.RWMutex
+	committeeChain      *CommitteeChain
+	minSignerCount      int
+	optimisticUpdate    types.OptimisticUpdate
+	hasOptimisticUpdate bool
+	finalityUpdate      types.FinalityUpdate
+	hasFinalityUpdate   bool
+	prefetchHead        types.HeadInfo
+	changeCounter       uint64
+}
+
+// NewHeadTracker creates a new HeadTracker.
+func NewHeadTracker(committeeChain *CommitteeChain, minSignerCount int) *HeadTracker {
+	return &HeadTracker{
+		committeeChain: committeeChain,
+		minSignerCount: minSignerCount,
+	}
+}
+
+// ValidatedOptimistic returns the latest validated optimistic update.
+func (h *HeadTracker) ValidatedOptimistic() (types.OptimisticUpdate, bool) {
+	h.lock.RLock()
+	defer h.lock.RUnlock()
+
+	return h.optimisticUpdate, h.hasOptimisticUpdate
+}
+
+// ValidatedFinality returns the latest validated finality update.
+func (h *HeadTracker) ValidatedFinality() (types.FinalityUpdate, bool) {
+	h.lock.RLock()
+	defer h.lock.RUnlock()
+
+	return h.finalityUpdate, h.hasFinalityUpdate
+}
+
+// ValidateOptimistic validates the given optimistic update. If the update is
+// successfully validated and it is better than the old validated update (higher
+// slot or same slot and more signers) then ValidatedOptimistic is updated.
+// The boolean return flag signals if ValidatedOptimistic has been changed.
+func (h *HeadTracker) ValidateOptimistic(update types.OptimisticUpdate) (bool, error) {
+	if err := update.Validate(); err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	h.lock.Lock()
+	defer h.lock.Unlock()
+
+	replace, err := h.validate(update.SignedHeader(), h.optimisticUpdate.SignedHeader())
+	if replace {
+		h.optimisticUpdate, h.hasOptimisticUpdate = update, true
+		h.changeCounter++
+	}
+	return replace, err
+}
+
+// ValidateFinality validates the given finality update. If the update is
+// successfully validated and it is better than the old validated update (higher
+// slot or same slot and more signers) then ValidatedFinality is updated.
+// The boolean return flag signals if ValidatedFinality has been changed.
+func (h *HeadTracker) ValidateFinality(update types.FinalityUpdate) (bool, error) {
+	if err := update.Validate(); err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	h.lock.Lock()
+	defer h.lock.Unlock()
+
+	replace, err := h.validate(update.SignedHeader(), h.finalityUpdate.SignedHeader())
+	if replace {
+		h.finalityUpdate, h.hasFinalityUpdate = update, true
+		h.changeCounter++
+	}
+	return replace, err
+}
+
+func (h *HeadTracker) validate(head, oldHead types.SignedHeader) (bool, error) {
+	signerCount := head.Signature.SignerCount()
+	if signerCount < h.minSignerCount {
+		return false, errors.New("low signer count")
+	}
+	if head.Header.Slot < oldHead.Header.Slot || (head.Header.Slot == oldHead.Header.Slot && signerCount <= oldHead.Signature.SignerCount()) {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	sigOk, age, err := h.committeeChain.VerifySignedHeader(head)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	if age < 0 {
+		log.Warn("Future signed head received", "age", age)
+	}
+	if age > time.Minute*2 {
+		log.Warn("Old signed head received", "age", age)
+	}
+	if !sigOk {
+		return false, errors.New("invalid header signature")
+	}
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+// PrefetchHead returns the latest known prefetch head's head info.
+// This head can be used to start fetching related data hoping that it will be
+// validated soon.
+// Note that the prefetch head cannot be validated cryptographically so it should
+// only be used as a performance optimization hint.
+func (h *HeadTracker) PrefetchHead() types.HeadInfo {
+	h.lock.RLock()
+	defer h.lock.RUnlock()
+
+	return h.prefetchHead
+}
+
+// SetPrefetchHead sets the prefetch head info.
+// Note that HeadTracker does not verify the prefetch head, just acts as a thread
+// safe bulletin board.
+func (h *HeadTracker) SetPrefetchHead(head types.HeadInfo) {
+	h.lock.Lock()
+	defer h.lock.Unlock()
+
+	if head == h.prefetchHead {
+		return
+	}
+	h.prefetchHead = head
+	h.changeCounter++
+}
+
+// ChangeCounter implements request.targetData
+func (h *HeadTracker) ChangeCounter() uint64 {
+	h.lock.RLock()
+	defer h.lock.RUnlock()
+
+	return h.changeCounter
+}
--- a/beacon/light/request/scheduler.go
+++ b/beacon/light/request/scheduler.go
@ -0,0 +1,403 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package request
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
+)
+
+// Module represents a mechanism which is typically responsible for downloading
+// and updating a passive data structure. It does not directly interact with the
+// servers. It can start requests using the Requester interface, maintain its
+// internal state by receiving and processing Events and update its target data
+// structure based on the obtained data.
+// It is the Scheduler's responsibility to feed events to the modules, call
+// Process as long as there might be something to process and then generate request
+// candidates using MakeRequest and start the best possible requests.
+// Modules are called by Scheduler whenever a global trigger is fired. All events
+// fire the trigger. Changing a target data structure also triggers a next
+// processing round as it could make further actions possible either by the same
+// or another Module.
+type Module interface {
+	// Process is a non-blocking function responsible for starting requests,
+	// processing events and updating the target data structures(s) and the
+	// internal state of the module. Module state typically consists of information
+	// about pending requests and registered servers.
+	// Process is always called after an event is received or after a target data
+	// structure has been changed.
+	//
+	// Note: Process functions of different modules are never called concurrently;
+	// they are called by Scheduler in the same order of priority as they were
+	// registered in.
+	Process(Requester, []Event)
+}
+
+// Requester allows Modules to obtain the list of momentarily available servers,
+// start new requests and report server failure when a response has been proven
+// to be invalid in the processing phase.
+// Note that all Requester functions should be safe to call from Module.Process.
+type Requester interface {
+	CanSendTo() []Server
+	Send(Server, Request) ID
+	Fail(Server, string)
+}
+
+// Scheduler is a modular network data retrieval framework that coordinates multiple
+// servers and retrieval mechanisms (modules). It implements a trigger mechanism
+// that calls the Process function of registered modules whenever either the state
+// of existing data structures or events coming from registered servers could
+// allow new operations.
+type Scheduler struct {
+	lock    sync.Mutex
+	modules []Module // first has the highest priority
+	names   map[Module]string
+	servers map[server]struct{}
+	targets map[targetData]uint64
+
+	requesterLock sync.RWMutex
+	serverOrder   []server
+	pending       map[ServerAndID]pendingRequest
+
+	// eventLock guards access to the events list. Note that eventLock can be
+	// locked either while lock is locked or unlocked but lock cannot be locked
+	// while eventLock is locked.
+	eventLock sync.Mutex
+	events    []Event
+	stopCh    chan chan struct{}
+
+	triggerCh chan struct{} // restarts waiting sync loop
+	// if trigger has already been fired then send to testWaitCh blocks until
+	// the triggered processing round is finished
+	testWaitCh chan struct{}
+}
+
+type (
+	// Server identifies a server without allowing any direct interaction.
+	// Note: server interface is used by Scheduler and Tracker but not used by
+	// the modules that do not interact with them directly.
+	// In order to make module testing easier, Server interface is used in
+	// events and modules.
+	Server interface {
+		Name() string
+	}
+	Request     any
+	Response    any
+	ID          uint64
+	ServerAndID struct {
+		Server Server
+		ID     ID
+	}
+)
+
+// targetData represents a registered target data structure that increases its
+// ChangeCounter whenever it has been changed.
+type targetData interface {
+	ChangeCounter() uint64
+}
+
+// pendingRequest keeps track of sent and not yet finalized requests and their
+// sender modules.
+type pendingRequest struct {
+	request Request
+	module  Module
+}
+
+// NewScheduler creates a new Scheduler.
+func NewScheduler() *Scheduler {
+	s := &Scheduler{
+		servers: make(map[server]struct{}),
+		names:   make(map[Module]string),
+		pending: make(map[ServerAndID]pendingRequest),
+		targets: make(map[targetData]uint64),
+		stopCh:  make(chan chan struct{}),
+		// Note: testWaitCh should not have capacity in order to ensure
+		// that after a trigger happens testWaitCh will block until the resulting
+		// processing round has been finished
+		triggerCh:  make(chan struct{}, 1),
+		testWaitCh: make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
+// RegisterTarget registers a target data structure, ensuring that any changes
+// made to it trigger a new round of Module.Process calls, giving a chance to
+// modules to react to the changes.
+func (s *Scheduler) RegisterTarget(t targetData) {
+	s.lock.Lock()
+	defer s.lock.Unlock()
+
+	s.targets[t] = 0
+}
+
+// RegisterModule registers a module. Should be called before starting the scheduler.
+// In each processing round the order of module processing depends on the order of
+// registration.
+func (s *Scheduler) RegisterModule(m Module, name string) {
+	s.lock.Lock()
+	defer s.lock.Unlock()
+
+	s.modules = append(s.modules, m)
+	s.names[m] = name
+}
+
+// RegisterServer registers a new server.
+func (s *Scheduler) RegisterServer(server server) {
+	s.lock.Lock()
+	defer s.lock.Unlock()
+
+	s.addEvent(Event{Type: EvRegistered, Server: server})
+	server.subscribe(func(event Event) {
+		event.Server = server
+		s.addEvent(event)
+	})
+}
+
+// UnregisterServer removes a registered server.
+func (s *Scheduler) UnregisterServer(server server) {
+	s.lock.Lock()
+	defer s.lock.Unlock()
+
+	server.unsubscribe()
+	s.addEvent(Event{Type: EvUnregistered, Server: server})
+}
+
+// Start starts the scheduler. It should be called after registering all modules
+// and before registering any servers.
+func (s *Scheduler) Start() {
+	go s.syncLoop()
+}
+
+// Stop stops the scheduler.
+func (s *Scheduler) Stop() {
+	stop := make(chan struct{})
+	s.stopCh <- stop
+	<-stop
+	s.lock.Lock()
+	for server := range s.servers {
+		server.unsubscribe()
+	}
+	s.servers = nil
+	s.lock.Unlock()
+}
+
+// syncLoop is the main event loop responsible for event/data processing and
+// sending new requests.
+// A round of processing starts whenever the global trigger is fired. Triggers
+// fired during a processing round ensure that there is going to be a next round.
+func (s *Scheduler) syncLoop() {
+	for {
+		s.lock.Lock()
+		s.processRound()
+		s.lock.Unlock()
+	loop:
+		for {
+			select {
+			case stop := <-s.stopCh:
+				close(stop)
+				return
+			case <-s.triggerCh:
+				break loop
+			case <-s.testWaitCh:
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// targetChanged returns true if a registered target data structure has been
+// changed since the last call to this function.
+func (s *Scheduler) targetChanged() (changed bool) {
+	for target, counter := range s.targets {
+		if newCounter := target.ChangeCounter(); newCounter != counter {
+			s.targets[target] = newCounter
+			changed = true
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// processRound runs an entire processing round. It calls the Process functions
+// of all modules, passing all relevant events and repeating Process calls as
+// long as any changes have been made to the registered target data structures.
+// Once all events have been processed and a stable state has been achieved,
+// requests are generated and sent if necessary and possible.
+func (s *Scheduler) processRound() {
+	for {
+		log.Trace("Processing modules")
+		filteredEvents := s.filterEvents()
+		for _, module := range s.modules {
+			log.Trace("Processing module", "name", s.names[module], "events", len(filteredEvents[module]))
+			module.Process(requester{s, module}, filteredEvents[module])
+		}
+		if !s.targetChanged() {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Trigger starts a new processing round. If fired during processing, it ensures
+// another full round of processing all modules.
+func (s *Scheduler) Trigger() {
+	select {
+	case s.triggerCh <- struct{}{}:
+	default:
+	}
+}
+
+// addEvent adds an event to be processed in the next round. Note that it can be
+// called regardless of the state of the lock mutex, making it safe for use in
+// the server event callback.
+func (s *Scheduler) addEvent(event Event) {
+	s.eventLock.Lock()
+	s.events = append(s.events, event)
+	s.eventLock.Unlock()
+	s.Trigger()
+}
+
+// filterEvent sorts each Event either as a request event or a server event,
+// depending on its type. Request events are also sorted in a map based on the
+// module that originally initiated the request. It also ensures that no events
+// related to a server are returned before EvRegistered or after EvUnregistered.
+// In case of an EvUnregistered server event it also closes all pending requests
+// to the given server by adding a failed request event (EvFail), ensuring that
+// all requests get finalized and thereby allowing the module logic to be safe
+// and simple.
+func (s *Scheduler) filterEvents() map[Module][]Event {
+	s.eventLock.Lock()
+	events := s.events
+	s.events = nil
+	s.eventLock.Unlock()
+
+	s.requesterLock.Lock()
+	defer s.requesterLock.Unlock()
+
+	filteredEvents := make(map[Module][]Event)
+	for _, event := range events {
+		server := event.Server.(server)
+		if _, ok := s.servers[server]; !ok && event.Type != EvRegistered {
+			continue // before EvRegister or after EvUnregister, discard
+		}
+
+		if event.IsRequestEvent() {
+			sid, _, _ := event.RequestInfo()
+			pending, ok := s.pending[sid]
+			if !ok {
+				continue // request already closed, ignore further events
+			}
+			if event.Type == EvResponse || event.Type == EvFail {
+				delete(s.pending, sid) // final event, close pending request
+			}
+			filteredEvents[pending.module] = append(filteredEvents[pending.module], event)
+		} else {
+			switch event.Type {
+			case EvRegistered:
+				s.servers[server] = struct{}{}
+				s.serverOrder = append(s.serverOrder, nil)
+				copy(s.serverOrder[1:], s.serverOrder[:len(s.serverOrder)-1])
+				s.serverOrder[0] = server
+			case EvUnregistered:
+				s.closePending(event.Server, filteredEvents)
+				delete(s.servers, server)
+				for i, srv := range s.serverOrder {
+					if srv == server {
+						copy(s.serverOrder[i:len(s.serverOrder)-1], s.serverOrder[i+1:])
+						s.serverOrder = s.serverOrder[:len(s.serverOrder)-1]
+						break
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			for _, module := range s.modules {
+				filteredEvents[module] = append(filteredEvents[module], event)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return filteredEvents
+}
+
+// closePending closes all pending requests to the given server and adds an EvFail
+// event to properly finalize them
+func (s *Scheduler) closePending(server Server, filteredEvents map[Module][]Event) {
+	for sid, pending := range s.pending {
+		if sid.Server == server {
+			filteredEvents[pending.module] = append(filteredEvents[pending.module], Event{
+				Type:   EvFail,
+				Server: server,
+				Data: RequestResponse{
+					ID:      sid.ID,
+					Request: pending.request,
+				},
+			})
+			delete(s.pending, sid)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// requester implements Requester. Note that while requester basically wraps
+// Scheduler (with the added information of the currently processed Module), all
+// functions are safe to call from Module.Process which is running while
+// the Scheduler.lock mutex is held.
+type requester struct {
+	*Scheduler
+	module Module
+}
+
+// CanSendTo returns the list of currently available servers. It also returns
+// them in an order of least to most recently used, ensuring a round-robin usage
+// of suitable servers if the module always chooses the first suitable one.
+func (s requester) CanSendTo() []Server {
+	s.requesterLock.RLock()
+	defer s.requesterLock.RUnlock()
+
+	list := make([]Server, 0, len(s.serverOrder))
+	for _, server := range s.serverOrder {
+		if server.canRequestNow() {
+			list = append(list, server)
+		}
+	}
+	return list
+}
+
+// Send sends a request and adds an entry to Scheduler.pending map, ensuring that
+// related request events will be delivered to the sender Module.
+func (s requester) Send(srv Server, req Request) ID {
+	s.requesterLock.Lock()
+	defer s.requesterLock.Unlock()
+
+	server := srv.(server)
+	id := server.sendRequest(req)
+	sid := ServerAndID{Server: srv, ID: id}
+	s.pending[sid] = pendingRequest{request: req, module: s.module}
+	for i, ss := range s.serverOrder {
+		if ss == server {
+			copy(s.serverOrder[i:len(s.serverOrder)-1], s.serverOrder[i+1:])
+			s.serverOrder[len(s.serverOrder)-1] = server
+			return id
+		}
+	}
+	log.Error("Target server not found in ordered list of registered servers")
+	return id
+}
+
+// Fail should be called when a server delivers invalid or useless information.
+// Calling Fail disables the given server for a period that is initially short
+// but is exponentially growing if it happens frequently. This results in a
+// somewhat fault tolerant operation that avoids hammering servers with requests
+// that they cannot serve but still gives them a chance periodically.
+func (s requester) Fail(srv Server, desc string) {
+	srv.(server).fail(desc)
+}
--- a/beacon/light/request/scheduler_test.go
+++ b/beacon/light/request/scheduler_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+package request
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestEventFilter(t *testing.T) {
+	s := NewScheduler()
+	module1 := &testModule{name: "module1"}
+	module2 := &testModule{name: "module2"}
+	s.RegisterModule(module1, "module1")
+	s.RegisterModule(module2, "module2")
+	s.Start()
+	// startup process round without events
+	s.testWaitCh <- struct{}{}
+	module1.expProcess(t, nil)
+	module2.expProcess(t, nil)
+	srv := &testServer{}
+	// register server; both modules should receive server event
+	s.RegisterServer(srv)
+	s.testWaitCh <- struct{}{}
+	module1.expProcess(t, []Event{
+		{Type: EvRegistered, Server: srv},
+	})
+	module2.expProcess(t, []Event{
+		{Type: EvRegistered, Server: srv},
+	})
+	// let module1 send a request
+	srv.canRequest = 1
+	module1.sendReq = testRequest
+	s.Trigger()
+	// in first triggered round module1 sends the request, no events yet
+	s.testWaitCh <- struct{}{}
+	module1.expProcess(t, nil)
+	module2.expProcess(t, nil)
+	// server emits EvTimeout; only module1 should receive it
+	srv.eventCb(Event{Type: EvTimeout, Data: RequestResponse{ID: 1, Request: testRequest}})
+	s.testWaitCh <- struct{}{}
+	module1.expProcess(t, []Event{
+		{Type: EvTimeout, Server: srv, Data: RequestResponse{ID: 1, Request: testRequest}},
+	})
+	module2.expProcess(t, nil)
+	// unregister server; both modules should receive server event
+	s.UnregisterServer(srv)
+	s.testWaitCh <- struct{}{}
+	module1.expProcess(t, []Event{
+		// module1 should also receive EvFail on its pending request
+		{Type: EvFail, Server: srv, Data: RequestResponse{ID: 1, Request: testRequest}},
+		{Type: EvUnregistered, Server: srv},
+	})
+	module2.expProcess(t, []Event{
+		{Type: EvUnregistered, Server: srv},
+	})
+	// response after server unregistered; should be discarded
+	srv.eventCb(Event{Type: EvResponse, Data: RequestResponse{ID: 1, Request: testRequest, Response: testResponse}})
+	s.testWaitCh <- struct{}{}
+	module1.expProcess(t, nil)
+	module2.expProcess(t, nil)
+	// no more process rounds expected; shut down
+	s.testWaitCh <- struct{}{}
+	module1.expNoMoreProcess(t)
+	module2.expNoMoreProcess(t)
+	s.Stop()
+}
+
+type testServer struct {
+	eventCb    func(Event)
+	lastID     ID
+	canRequest int
+}
+
+func (s *testServer) Name() string {
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (s *testServer) subscribe(eventCb func(Event)) {
+	s.eventCb = eventCb
+}
+
+func (s *testServer) canRequestNow() bool {
+	return s.canRequest > 0
+}
+
+func (s *testServer) sendRequest(req Request) ID {
+	s.canRequest--
+	s.lastID++
+	return s.lastID
+}
+
+func (s *testServer) fail(string)  {}
+func (s *testServer) unsubscribe() {}
+
+type testModule struct {
+	name      string
+	processed [][]Event
+	sendReq   Request
+}
+
+func (m *testModule) Process(requester Requester, events []Event) {
+	m.processed = append(m.processed, events)
+	if m.sendReq != nil {
+		if cs := requester.CanSendTo(); len(cs) > 0 {
+			requester.Send(cs[0], m.sendReq)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *testModule) expProcess(t *testing.T, expEvents []Event) {
+	if len(m.processed) == 0 {
+		t.Errorf("Missing call to %s.Process", m.name)
+		return
+	}
+	events := m.processed[0]
+	m.processed = m.processed[1:]
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(events, expEvents) {
+		t.Errorf("Call to %s.Process with wrong events (expected %v, got %v)", m.name, expEvents, events)
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *testModule) expNoMoreProcess(t *testing.T) {
+	for len(m.processed) > 0 {
+		t.Errorf("Unexpected call to %s.Process with events %v", m.name, m.processed[0])
+		m.processed = m.processed[1:]
+	}
+}
--- a/beacon/light/request/server.go
+++ b/beacon/light/request/server.go
@ -0,0 +1,451 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package request
+
+import (
+	"math"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/mclock"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
+)
+
+var (
+	// request events
+	EvResponse = &EventType{Name: "response", requestEvent: true} // data: RequestResponse; sent by requestServer
+	EvFail     = &EventType{Name: "fail", requestEvent: true}     // data: RequestResponse; sent by requestServer
+	EvTimeout  = &EventType{Name: "timeout", requestEvent: true}  // data: RequestResponse; sent by serverWithTimeout
+	// server events
+	EvRegistered      = &EventType{Name: "registered"}      // data: nil; sent by Scheduler
+	EvUnregistered    = &EventType{Name: "unregistered"}    // data: nil; sent by Scheduler
+	EvCanRequestAgain = &EventType{Name: "canRequestAgain"} // data: nil; sent by serverWithLimits
+)
+
+const (
+	softRequestTimeout = time.Second      // allow resending request to a different server but do not cancel yet
+	hardRequestTimeout = time.Second * 10 // cancel request
+)
+
+const (
+	// serverWithLimits parameters
+	parallelAdjustUp     = 0.1                    // adjust parallelLimit up in case of success under full load
+	parallelAdjustDown   = 1                      // adjust parallelLimit down in case of timeout/failure
+	minParallelLimit     = 1                      // parallelLimit lower bound
+	defaultParallelLimit = 3                      // parallelLimit initial value
+	minFailureDelay      = time.Millisecond * 100 // minimum disable time in case of request failure
+	maxFailureDelay      = time.Minute            // maximum disable time in case of request failure
+	maxServerEventBuffer = 5                      // server event allowance buffer limit
+	maxServerEventRate   = time.Second            // server event allowance buffer recharge rate
+)
+
+// requestServer can send requests in a non-blocking way and feed back events
+// through the event callback. After each request it should send back either
+// EvResponse or EvFail. Additionally, it may also send application-defined
+// events that the Modules can interpret.
+type requestServer interface {
+	Name() string
+	Subscribe(eventCallback func(Event))
+	SendRequest(ID, Request)
+	Unsubscribe()
+}
+
+// server is implemented by a requestServer wrapped into serverWithTimeout and
+// serverWithLimits and is used by Scheduler.
+// In addition to requestServer functionality, server can also handle timeouts,
+// limit the number of parallel in-flight requests and temporarily disable
+// new requests based on timeouts and response failures.
+type server interface {
+	Server
+	subscribe(eventCallback func(Event))
+	canRequestNow() bool
+	sendRequest(Request) ID
+	fail(string)
+	unsubscribe()
+}
+
+// NewServer wraps a requestServer and returns a server
+func NewServer(rs requestServer, clock mclock.Clock) server {
+	s := &serverWithLimits{}
+	s.parent = rs
+	s.serverWithTimeout.init(clock)
+	s.init()
+	return s
+}
+
+// EventType identifies an event type, either related to a request or the server
+// in general. Server events can also be externally defined.
+type EventType struct {
+	Name         string
+	requestEvent bool // all request events are pre-defined in request package
+}
+
+// Event describes an event where the type of Data depends on Type.
+// Server field is not required when sent through the event callback; it is filled
+// out when processed by the Scheduler. Note that the Scheduler can also create
+// and send events (EvRegistered, EvUnregistered) directly.
+type Event struct {
+	Type   *EventType
+	Server Server // filled by Scheduler
+	Data   any
+}
+
+// IsRequestEvent returns true if the event is a request event
+func (e *Event) IsRequestEvent() bool {
+	return e.Type.requestEvent
+}
+
+// RequestInfo assumes that the event is a request event and returns its contents
+// in a convenient form.
+func (e *Event) RequestInfo() (ServerAndID, Request, Response) {
+	data := e.Data.(RequestResponse)
+	return ServerAndID{Server: e.Server, ID: data.ID}, data.Request, data.Response
+}
+
+// RequestResponse is the Data type of request events.
+type RequestResponse struct {
+	ID       ID
+	Request  Request
+	Response Response
+}
+
+// serverWithTimeout wraps a requestServer and introduces timeouts.
+// The request's lifecycle is concluded if EvResponse or EvFail emitted by the
+// parent requestServer. If this does not happen until softRequestTimeout then
+// EvTimeout is emitted, after which the final EvResponse or EvFail is still
+// guaranteed to follow.
+// If the parent fails to send this final event for hardRequestTimeout then
+// serverWithTimeout emits EvFail and discards any further events from the
+// parent related to the given request.
+type serverWithTimeout struct {
+	parent       requestServer
+	lock         sync.Mutex
+	clock        mclock.Clock
+	childEventCb func(event Event)
+	timeouts     map[ID]mclock.Timer
+	lastID       ID
+}
+
+// Name implements request.Server
+func (s *serverWithTimeout) Name() string {
+	return s.parent.Name()
+}
+
+// init initializes serverWithTimeout
+func (s *serverWithTimeout) init(clock mclock.Clock) {
+	s.clock = clock
+	s.timeouts = make(map[ID]mclock.Timer)
+}
+
+// subscribe subscribes to events which include parent (requestServer) events
+// plus EvTimeout.
+func (s *serverWithTimeout) subscribe(eventCallback func(event Event)) {
+	s.lock.Lock()
+	defer s.lock.Unlock()
+
+	s.childEventCb = eventCallback
+	s.parent.Subscribe(s.eventCallback)
+}
+
+// sendRequest generated a new request ID, emits EvRequest, sets up the timeout
+// timer, then sends the request through the parent (requestServer).
+func (s *serverWithTimeout) sendRequest(request Request) (reqId ID) {
+	s.lock.Lock()
+	s.lastID++
+	id := s.lastID
+	s.startTimeout(RequestResponse{ID: id, Request: request})
+	s.lock.Unlock()
+	s.parent.SendRequest(id, request)
+	return id
+}
+
+// eventCallback is called by parent (requestServer) event subscription.
+func (s *serverWithTimeout) eventCallback(event Event) {
+	s.lock.Lock()
+	defer s.lock.Unlock()
+
+	switch event.Type {
+	case EvResponse, EvFail:
+		id := event.Data.(RequestResponse).ID
+		if timer, ok := s.timeouts[id]; ok {
+			// Note: if stopping the timer is unsuccessful then the resulting AfterFunc
+			// call will just do nothing
+			timer.Stop()
+			delete(s.timeouts, id)
+			if s.childEventCb != nil {
+				s.childEventCb(event)
+			}
+		}
+	default:
+		if s.childEventCb != nil {
+			s.childEventCb(event)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// startTimeout starts a timeout timer for the given request.
+func (s *serverWithTimeout) startTimeout(reqData RequestResponse) {
+	id := reqData.ID
+	s.timeouts[id] = s.clock.AfterFunc(softRequestTimeout, func() {
+		s.lock.Lock()
+		if _, ok := s.timeouts[id]; !ok {
+			s.lock.Unlock()
+			return
+		}
+		s.timeouts[id] = s.clock.AfterFunc(hardRequestTimeout-softRequestTimeout, func() {
+			s.lock.Lock()
+			if _, ok := s.timeouts[id]; !ok {
+				s.lock.Unlock()
+				return
+			}
+			delete(s.timeouts, id)
+			childEventCb := s.childEventCb
+			s.lock.Unlock()
+			if childEventCb != nil {
+				childEventCb(Event{Type: EvFail, Data: reqData})
+			}
+		})
+		childEventCb := s.childEventCb
+		s.lock.Unlock()
+		if childEventCb != nil {
+			childEventCb(Event{Type: EvTimeout, Data: reqData})
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+// unsubscribe stops all goroutines associated with the server.
+func (s *serverWithTimeout) unsubscribe() {
+	s.lock.Lock()
+	for _, timer := range s.timeouts {
+		if timer != nil {
+			timer.Stop()
+		}
+	}
+	s.lock.Unlock()
+	s.parent.Unsubscribe()
+}
+
+// serverWithLimits wraps serverWithTimeout and implements server. It limits the
+// number of parallel in-flight requests and prevents sending new requests when a
+// pending one has already timed out. Server events are also rate limited.
+// It also implements a failure delay mechanism that adds an exponentially growing
+// delay each time a request fails (wrong answer or hard timeout). This makes the
+// syncing mechanism less brittle as temporary failures of the server might happen
+// sometimes, but still avoids hammering a non-functional server with requests.
+type serverWithLimits struct {
+	serverWithTimeout
+	lock                       sync.Mutex
+	childEventCb               func(event Event)
+	softTimeouts               map[ID]struct{}
+	pendingCount, timeoutCount int
+	parallelLimit              float32
+	sendEvent                  bool
+	delayTimer                 mclock.Timer
+	delayCounter               int
+	failureDelayEnd            mclock.AbsTime
+	failureDelay               float64
+	serverEventBuffer          int
+	eventBufferUpdated         mclock.AbsTime
+}
+
+// init initializes serverWithLimits
+func (s *serverWithLimits) init() {
+	s.softTimeouts = make(map[ID]struct{})
+	s.parallelLimit = defaultParallelLimit
+	s.serverEventBuffer = maxServerEventBuffer
+}
+
+// subscribe subscribes to events which include parent (serverWithTimeout) events
+// plus EvCanRequestAgain.
+func (s *serverWithLimits) subscribe(eventCallback func(event Event)) {
+	s.lock.Lock()
+	defer s.lock.Unlock()
+
+	s.childEventCb = eventCallback
+	s.serverWithTimeout.subscribe(s.eventCallback)
+}
+
+// eventCallback is called by parent (serverWithTimeout) event subscription.
+func (s *serverWithLimits) eventCallback(event Event) {
+	s.lock.Lock()
+	var sendCanRequestAgain bool
+	passEvent := true
+	switch event.Type {
+	case EvTimeout:
+		id := event.Data.(RequestResponse).ID
+		s.softTimeouts[id] = struct{}{}
+		s.timeoutCount++
+		s.parallelLimit -= parallelAdjustDown
+		if s.parallelLimit < minParallelLimit {
+			s.parallelLimit = minParallelLimit
+		}
+		log.Debug("Server timeout", "count", s.timeoutCount, "parallelLimit", s.parallelLimit)
+	case EvResponse, EvFail:
+		id := event.Data.(RequestResponse).ID
+		if _, ok := s.softTimeouts[id]; ok {
+			delete(s.softTimeouts, id)
+			s.timeoutCount--
+			log.Debug("Server timeout finalized", "count", s.timeoutCount, "parallelLimit", s.parallelLimit)
+		}
+		if event.Type == EvResponse && s.pendingCount >= int(s.parallelLimit) {
+			s.parallelLimit += parallelAdjustUp
+		}
+		s.pendingCount--
+		if s.canRequest() {
+			sendCanRequestAgain = s.sendEvent
+			s.sendEvent = false
+		}
+		if event.Type == EvFail {
+			s.failLocked("failed request")
+		}
+	default:
+		// server event; check rate limit
+		if s.serverEventBuffer < maxServerEventBuffer {
+			now := s.clock.Now()
+			sinceUpdate := time.Duration(now - s.eventBufferUpdated)
+			if sinceUpdate >= maxServerEventRate*time.Duration(maxServerEventBuffer-s.serverEventBuffer) {
+				s.serverEventBuffer = maxServerEventBuffer
+				s.eventBufferUpdated = now
+			} else {
+				addBuffer := int(sinceUpdate / maxServerEventRate)
+				s.serverEventBuffer += addBuffer
+				s.eventBufferUpdated += mclock.AbsTime(maxServerEventRate * time.Duration(addBuffer))
+			}
+		}
+		if s.serverEventBuffer > 0 {
+			s.serverEventBuffer--
+		} else {
+			passEvent = false
+		}
+	}
+	childEventCb := s.childEventCb
+	s.lock.Unlock()
+	if passEvent && childEventCb != nil {
+		childEventCb(event)
+	}
+	if sendCanRequestAgain && childEventCb != nil {
+		childEventCb(Event{Type: EvCanRequestAgain})
+	}
+}
+
+// sendRequest sends a request through the parent (serverWithTimeout).
+func (s *serverWithLimits) sendRequest(request Request) (reqId ID) {
+	s.lock.Lock()
+	s.pendingCount++
+	s.lock.Unlock()
+	return s.serverWithTimeout.sendRequest(request)
+}
+
+// unsubscribe stops all goroutines associated with the server.
+func (s *serverWithLimits) unsubscribe() {
+	s.lock.Lock()
+	if s.delayTimer != nil {
+		s.delayTimer.Stop()
+		s.delayTimer = nil
+	}
+	s.childEventCb = nil
+	s.lock.Unlock()
+	s.serverWithTimeout.unsubscribe()
+}
+
+// canRequest checks whether a new request can be started.
+func (s *serverWithLimits) canRequest() bool {
+	if s.delayTimer != nil || s.pendingCount >= int(s.parallelLimit) || s.timeoutCount > 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	if s.parallelLimit < minParallelLimit {
+		s.parallelLimit = minParallelLimit
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// canRequestNow checks whether a new request can be started, according to the
+// current in-flight request count and parallelLimit, and also the failure delay
+// timer.
+// If it returns false then it is guaranteed that an EvCanRequestAgain will be
+// sent whenever the server becomes available for requesting again.
+func (s *serverWithLimits) canRequestNow() bool {
+	var sendCanRequestAgain bool
+	s.lock.Lock()
+	canRequest := s.canRequest()
+	if canRequest {
+		sendCanRequestAgain = s.sendEvent
+		s.sendEvent = false
+	}
+	childEventCb := s.childEventCb
+	s.lock.Unlock()
+	if sendCanRequestAgain && childEventCb != nil {
+		childEventCb(Event{Type: EvCanRequestAgain})
+	}
+	return canRequest
+}
+
+// delay sets the delay timer to the given duration, disabling new requests for
+// the given period.
+func (s *serverWithLimits) delay(delay time.Duration) {
+	if s.delayTimer != nil {
+		// Note: if stopping the timer is unsuccessful then the resulting AfterFunc
+		// call will just do nothing
+		s.delayTimer.Stop()
+		s.delayTimer = nil
+	}
+
+	s.delayCounter++
+	delayCounter := s.delayCounter
+	log.Debug("Server delay started", "length", delay)
+	s.delayTimer = s.clock.AfterFunc(delay, func() {
+		log.Debug("Server delay ended", "length", delay)
+		var sendCanRequestAgain bool
+		s.lock.Lock()
+		if s.delayTimer != nil && s.delayCounter == delayCounter { // do nothing if there is a new timer now
+			s.delayTimer = nil
+			if s.canRequest() {
+				sendCanRequestAgain = s.sendEvent
+				s.sendEvent = false
+			}
+		}
+		childEventCb := s.childEventCb
+		s.lock.Unlock()
+		if sendCanRequestAgain && childEventCb != nil {
+			childEventCb(Event{Type: EvCanRequestAgain})
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+// fail reports that a response from the server was found invalid by the processing
+// Module, disabling new requests for a dynamically adjusted time period.
+func (s *serverWithLimits) fail(desc string) {
+	s.lock.Lock()
+	defer s.lock.Unlock()
+
+	s.failLocked(desc)
+}
+
+// failLocked calculates the dynamic failure delay and applies it.
+func (s *serverWithLimits) failLocked(desc string) {
+	log.Debug("Server error", "description", desc)
+	s.failureDelay *= 2
+	now := s.clock.Now()
+	if now > s.failureDelayEnd {
+		s.failureDelay *= math.Pow(2, -float64(now-s.failureDelayEnd)/float64(maxFailureDelay))
+	}
+	if s.failureDelay < float64(minFailureDelay) {
+		s.failureDelay = float64(minFailureDelay)
+	}
+	s.failureDelayEnd = now + mclock.AbsTime(s.failureDelay)
+	s.delay(time.Duration(s.failureDelay))
+}
--- a/beacon/light/request/server_test.go
+++ b/beacon/light/request/server_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+package request
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/mclock"
+)
+
+const (
+	testRequest  = "Life, the Universe, and Everything"
+	testResponse = 42
+)
+
+var testEventType = &EventType{Name: "testEvent"}
+
+func TestServerEvents(t *testing.T) {
+	rs := &testRequestServer{}
+	clock := &mclock.Simulated{}
+	srv := NewServer(rs, clock)
+	var lastEventType *EventType
+	srv.subscribe(func(event Event) { lastEventType = event.Type })
+	evTypeName := func(evType *EventType) string {
+		if evType == nil {
+			return "none"
+		}
+		return evType.Name
+	}
+	expEvent := func(expType *EventType) {
+		if lastEventType != expType {
+			t.Errorf("Wrong event type (expected %s, got %s)", evTypeName(expType), evTypeName(lastEventType))
+		}
+		lastEventType = nil
+	}
+	// user events should simply be passed through
+	rs.eventCb(Event{Type: testEventType})
+	expEvent(testEventType)
+	// send request, soft timeout, then valid response
+	srv.sendRequest(testRequest)
+	clock.WaitForTimers(1)
+	clock.Run(softRequestTimeout)
+	expEvent(EvTimeout)
+	rs.eventCb(Event{Type: EvResponse, Data: RequestResponse{ID: 1, Request: testRequest, Response: testResponse}})
+	expEvent(EvResponse)
+	// send request, hard timeout (response after hard timeout should be ignored)
+	srv.sendRequest(testRequest)
+	clock.WaitForTimers(1)
+	clock.Run(softRequestTimeout)
+	expEvent(EvTimeout)
+	clock.WaitForTimers(1)
+	clock.Run(hardRequestTimeout)
+	expEvent(EvFail)
+	rs.eventCb(Event{Type: EvResponse, Data: RequestResponse{ID: 1, Request: testRequest, Response: testResponse}})
+	expEvent(nil)
+	srv.unsubscribe()
+}
+
+func TestServerParallel(t *testing.T) {
+	rs := &testRequestServer{}
+	srv := NewServer(rs, &mclock.Simulated{})
+	srv.subscribe(func(event Event) {})
+
+	expSend := func(expSent int) {
+		var sent int
+		for sent <= expSent {
+			if !srv.canRequestNow() {
+				break
+			}
+			sent++
+			srv.sendRequest(testRequest)
+		}
+		if sent != expSent {
+			t.Errorf("Wrong number of parallel requests accepted (expected %d, got %d)", expSent, sent)
+		}
+	}
+	// max out parallel allowance
+	expSend(defaultParallelLimit)
+	// 1 answered, should accept 1 more
+	rs.eventCb(Event{Type: EvResponse, Data: RequestResponse{ID: 1, Request: testRequest, Response: testResponse}})
+	expSend(1)
+	// 2 answered, should accept 2 more
+	rs.eventCb(Event{Type: EvResponse, Data: RequestResponse{ID: 2, Request: testRequest, Response: testResponse}})
+	rs.eventCb(Event{Type: EvResponse, Data: RequestResponse{ID: 3, Request: testRequest, Response: testResponse}})
+	expSend(2)
+	// failed request, should decrease allowance and not accept more
+	rs.eventCb(Event{Type: EvFail, Data: RequestResponse{ID: 4, Request: testRequest}})
+	expSend(0)
+	srv.unsubscribe()
+}
+
+func TestServerFail(t *testing.T) {
+	rs := &testRequestServer{}
+	clock := &mclock.Simulated{}
+	srv := NewServer(rs, clock)
+	srv.subscribe(func(event Event) {})
+	expCanRequest := func(expCanRequest bool) {
+		if canRequest := srv.canRequestNow(); canRequest != expCanRequest {
+			t.Errorf("Wrong result for canRequestNow (expected %v, got %v)", expCanRequest, canRequest)
+		}
+	}
+	// timed out request
+	expCanRequest(true)
+	srv.sendRequest(testRequest)
+	clock.WaitForTimers(1)
+	expCanRequest(true)
+	clock.Run(softRequestTimeout)
+	expCanRequest(false) // cannot request when there is a timed out request
+	rs.eventCb(Event{Type: EvResponse, Data: RequestResponse{ID: 1, Request: testRequest, Response: testResponse}})
+	expCanRequest(true)
+	// explicit server.Fail
+	srv.fail("")
+	clock.WaitForTimers(1)
+	expCanRequest(false) // cannot request for a while after a failure
+	clock.Run(minFailureDelay)
+	expCanRequest(true)
+	// request returned with EvFail
+	srv.sendRequest(testRequest)
+	rs.eventCb(Event{Type: EvFail, Data: RequestResponse{ID: 2, Request: testRequest}})
+	clock.WaitForTimers(1)
+	expCanRequest(false) // EvFail should also start failure delay
+	clock.Run(minFailureDelay)
+	expCanRequest(false) // second failure delay is longer, should still be disabled
+	clock.Run(minFailureDelay)
+	expCanRequest(true)
+	srv.unsubscribe()
+}
+
+func TestServerEventRateLimit(t *testing.T) {
+	rs := &testRequestServer{}
+	clock := &mclock.Simulated{}
+	srv := NewServer(rs, clock)
+	var eventCount int
+	srv.subscribe(func(event Event) {
+		eventCount++
+	})
+	expEvents := func(send, expAllowed int) {
+		eventCount = 0
+		for sent := 0; sent < send; sent++ {
+			rs.eventCb(Event{Type: testEventType})
+		}
+		if eventCount != expAllowed {
+			t.Errorf("Wrong number of server events passing rate limitation (sent %d, expected %d, got %d)", send, expAllowed, eventCount)
+		}
+	}
+	expEvents(maxServerEventBuffer+5, maxServerEventBuffer)
+	clock.Run(maxServerEventRate)
+	expEvents(5, 1)
+	clock.Run(maxServerEventRate * maxServerEventBuffer * 2)
+	expEvents(maxServerEventBuffer+5, maxServerEventBuffer)
+	srv.unsubscribe()
+}
+
+func TestServerUnsubscribe(t *testing.T) {
+	rs := &testRequestServer{}
+	clock := &mclock.Simulated{}
+	srv := NewServer(rs, clock)
+	var eventCount int
+	srv.subscribe(func(event Event) {
+		eventCount++
+	})
+	eventCb := rs.eventCb
+	eventCb(Event{Type: testEventType})
+	if eventCount != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("Server event callback not called before unsubscribe")
+	}
+	srv.unsubscribe()
+	if rs.eventCb != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Server event callback not removed after unsubscribe")
+	}
+	eventCb(Event{Type: testEventType})
+	if eventCount != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("Server event callback called after unsubscribe")
+	}
+}
+
+type testRequestServer struct {
+	eventCb func(Event)
+}
+
+func (rs *testRequestServer) Name() string                  { return "" }
+func (rs *testRequestServer) Subscribe(eventCb func(Event)) { rs.eventCb = eventCb }
+func (rs *testRequestServer) SendRequest(ID, Request)       {}
+func (rs *testRequestServer) Unsubscribe()                  { rs.eventCb = nil }
--- a/beacon/light/sync/head_sync.go
+++ b/beacon/light/sync/head_sync.go
@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package sync
+
+import (
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/light/request"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
+)
+
+type headTracker interface {
+	ValidateOptimistic(update types.OptimisticUpdate) (bool, error)
+	ValidateFinality(head types.FinalityUpdate) (bool, error)
+	ValidatedFinality() (types.FinalityUpdate, bool)
+	SetPrefetchHead(head types.HeadInfo)
+}
+
+// HeadSync implements request.Module; it updates the validated and prefetch
+// heads of HeadTracker based on the EvHead and EvSignedHead events coming from
+// registered servers.
+// It can also postpone the validation of the latest announced signed head
+// until the committee chain is synced up to at least the required period.
+type HeadSync struct {
+	headTracker           headTracker
+	chain                 committeeChain
+	nextSyncPeriod        uint64
+	chainInit             bool
+	unvalidatedOptimistic map[request.Server]types.OptimisticUpdate
+	unvalidatedFinality   map[request.Server]types.FinalityUpdate
+	serverHeads           map[request.Server]types.HeadInfo
+	reqFinalityEpoch      map[request.Server]uint64 // next epoch to request finality update
+	headServerCount       map[types.HeadInfo]headServerCount
+	headCounter           uint64
+	prefetchHead          types.HeadInfo
+}
+
+// headServerCount is associated with most recently seen head infos; it counts
+// the number of servers currently having the given head info as their announced
+// head and a counter signaling how recent that head is.
+// This data is used for selecting the prefetch head.
+type headServerCount struct {
+	serverCount int
+	headCounter uint64
+}
+
+// NewHeadSync creates a new HeadSync.
+func NewHeadSync(headTracker headTracker, chain committeeChain) *HeadSync {
+	s := &HeadSync{
+		headTracker:           headTracker,
+		chain:                 chain,
+		unvalidatedOptimistic: make(map[request.Server]types.OptimisticUpdate),
+		unvalidatedFinality:   make(map[request.Server]types.FinalityUpdate),
+		serverHeads:           make(map[request.Server]types.HeadInfo),
+		headServerCount:       make(map[types.HeadInfo]headServerCount),
+		reqFinalityEpoch:      make(map[request.Server]uint64),
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
+// Process implements request.Module.
+func (s *HeadSync) Process(requester request.Requester, events []request.Event) {
+	nextPeriod, chainInit := s.chain.NextSyncPeriod()
+	if nextPeriod != s.nextSyncPeriod || chainInit != s.chainInit {
+		s.nextSyncPeriod, s.chainInit = nextPeriod, chainInit
+		s.processUnvalidatedUpdates()
+	}
+
+	for _, event := range events {
+		switch event.Type {
+		case EvNewHead:
+			s.setServerHead(event.Server, event.Data.(types.HeadInfo))
+		case EvNewOptimisticUpdate:
+			update := event.Data.(types.OptimisticUpdate)
+			s.newOptimisticUpdate(event.Server, update)
+			epoch := update.Attested.Epoch()
+			if epoch < s.reqFinalityEpoch[event.Server] {
+				continue
+			}
+			if finality, ok := s.headTracker.ValidatedFinality(); ok && finality.Attested.Header.Epoch() >= epoch {
+				continue
+			}
+			requester.Send(event.Server, ReqFinality{})
+			s.reqFinalityEpoch[event.Server] = epoch + 1
+		case EvNewFinalityUpdate:
+			s.newFinalityUpdate(event.Server, event.Data.(types.FinalityUpdate))
+		case request.EvResponse:
+			_, _, resp := event.RequestInfo()
+			s.newFinalityUpdate(event.Server, resp.(types.FinalityUpdate))
+		case request.EvUnregistered:
+			s.setServerHead(event.Server, types.HeadInfo{})
+			delete(s.serverHeads, event.Server)
+			delete(s.unvalidatedOptimistic, event.Server)
+			delete(s.unvalidatedFinality, event.Server)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// newOptimisticUpdate handles received optimistic update; either validates it if
+// the chain is properly synced or stores it for further validation.
+func (s *HeadSync) newOptimisticUpdate(server request.Server, optimisticUpdate types.OptimisticUpdate) {
+	if !s.chainInit || types.SyncPeriod(optimisticUpdate.SignatureSlot) > s.nextSyncPeriod {
+		s.unvalidatedOptimistic[server] = optimisticUpdate
+		return
+	}
+	if _, err := s.headTracker.ValidateOptimistic(optimisticUpdate); err != nil {
+		log.Debug("Error validating optimistic update", "error", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// newFinalityUpdate handles received finality update; either validates it if
+// the chain is properly synced or stores it for further validation.
+func (s *HeadSync) newFinalityUpdate(server request.Server, finalityUpdate types.FinalityUpdate) {
+	if !s.chainInit || types.SyncPeriod(finalityUpdate.SignatureSlot) > s.nextSyncPeriod {
+		s.unvalidatedFinality[server] = finalityUpdate
+		return
+	}
+	if _, err := s.headTracker.ValidateFinality(finalityUpdate); err != nil {
+		log.Debug("Error validating finality update", "error", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// processUnvalidatedUpdates iterates the list of unvalidated updates and validates
+// those which can be validated.
+func (s *HeadSync) processUnvalidatedUpdates() {
+	if !s.chainInit {
+		return
+	}
+	for server, optimisticUpdate := range s.unvalidatedOptimistic {
+		if types.SyncPeriod(optimisticUpdate.SignatureSlot) <= s.nextSyncPeriod {
+			if _, err := s.headTracker.ValidateOptimistic(optimisticUpdate); err != nil {
+				log.Debug("Error validating deferred optimistic update", "error", err)
+			}
+			delete(s.unvalidatedOptimistic, server)
+		}
+	}
+	for server, finalityUpdate := range s.unvalidatedFinality {
+		if types.SyncPeriod(finalityUpdate.SignatureSlot) <= s.nextSyncPeriod {
+			if _, err := s.headTracker.ValidateFinality(finalityUpdate); err != nil {
+				log.Debug("Error validating deferred finality update", "error", err)
+			}
+			delete(s.unvalidatedFinality, server)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// setServerHead processes non-validated server head announcements and updates
+// the prefetch head if necessary.
+func (s *HeadSync) setServerHead(server request.Server, head types.HeadInfo) bool {
+	if oldHead, ok := s.serverHeads[server]; ok {
+		if head == oldHead {
+			return false
+		}
+		h := s.headServerCount[oldHead]
+		if h.serverCount--; h.serverCount > 0 {
+			s.headServerCount[oldHead] = h
+		} else {
+			delete(s.headServerCount, oldHead)
+		}
+	}
+	if head != (types.HeadInfo{}) {
+		h, ok := s.headServerCount[head]
+		if !ok {
+			s.headCounter++
+			h.headCounter = s.headCounter
+		}
+		h.serverCount++
+		s.headServerCount[head] = h
+		s.serverHeads[server] = head
+	} else {
+		delete(s.serverHeads, server)
+	}
+	var (
+		bestHead     types.HeadInfo
+		bestHeadInfo headServerCount
+	)
+	for head, headServerCount := range s.headServerCount {
+		if headServerCount.serverCount > bestHeadInfo.serverCount ||
+			(headServerCount.serverCount == bestHeadInfo.serverCount && headServerCount.headCounter > bestHeadInfo.headCounter) {
+			bestHead, bestHeadInfo = head, headServerCount
+		}
+	}
+	if bestHead == s.prefetchHead {
+		return false
+	}
+	s.prefetchHead = bestHead
+	s.headTracker.SetPrefetchHead(bestHead)
+	return true
+}
--- a/beacon/light/sync/head_sync_test.go
+++ b/beacon/light/sync/head_sync_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package sync
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/light/request"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+)
+
+var (
+	testServer1 = testServer("testServer1")
+	testServer2 = testServer("testServer2")
+	testServer3 = testServer("testServer3")
+	testServer4 = testServer("testServer4")
+	testServer5 = testServer("testServer5")
+
+	testHead0 = types.HeadInfo{}
+	testHead1 = types.HeadInfo{Slot: 123, BlockRoot: common.Hash{1}}
+	testHead2 = types.HeadInfo{Slot: 124, BlockRoot: common.Hash{2}}
+	testHead3 = types.HeadInfo{Slot: 124, BlockRoot: common.Hash{3}}
+	testHead4 = types.HeadInfo{Slot: 125, BlockRoot: common.Hash{4}}
+
+	testOptUpdate1 = types.OptimisticUpdate{SignatureSlot: 0x0124, Attested: types.HeaderWithExecProof{Header: types.Header{Slot: 0x0123, StateRoot: common.Hash{1}}}}
+	testOptUpdate2 = types.OptimisticUpdate{SignatureSlot: 0x2010, Attested: types.HeaderWithExecProof{Header: types.Header{Slot: 0x200e, StateRoot: common.Hash{2}}}}
+	// testOptUpdate3 is at the end of period 1 but signed in period 2
+	testOptUpdate3 = types.OptimisticUpdate{SignatureSlot: 0x4000, Attested: types.HeaderWithExecProof{Header: types.Header{Slot: 0x3fff, StateRoot: common.Hash{3}}}}
+	testOptUpdate4 = types.OptimisticUpdate{SignatureSlot: 0x6444, Attested: types.HeaderWithExecProof{Header: types.Header{Slot: 0x6443, StateRoot: common.Hash{4}}}}
+)
+
+func finality(opt types.OptimisticUpdate) types.FinalityUpdate {
+	return types.FinalityUpdate{
+		SignatureSlot: opt.SignatureSlot,
+		Attested:      opt.Attested,
+		Finalized:     types.HeaderWithExecProof{Header: types.Header{Slot: (opt.Attested.Header.Slot - 64) & uint64(0xffffffffffffffe0)}},
+	}
+}
+
+type testServer string
+
+func (t testServer) Name() string {
+	return string(t)
+}
+
+func TestValidatedHead(t *testing.T) {
+	chain := &TestCommitteeChain{}
+	ht := &TestHeadTracker{}
+	headSync := NewHeadSync(ht, chain)
+	ts := NewTestScheduler(t, headSync)
+
+	ht.ExpValidated(t, 0, nil)
+
+	ts.AddServer(testServer1, 1)
+	ts.ServerEvent(EvNewOptimisticUpdate, testServer1, testOptUpdate1)
+	ts.Run(1, testServer1, ReqFinality{})
+	// announced head should be queued because of uninitialized chain
+	ht.ExpValidated(t, 1, nil)
+
+	chain.SetNextSyncPeriod(0) // initialize chain
+	ts.Run(2)
+	// expect previously queued head to be validated
+	ht.ExpValidated(t, 2, []types.OptimisticUpdate{testOptUpdate1})
+
+	chain.SetNextSyncPeriod(1)
+	ts.ServerEvent(EvNewFinalityUpdate, testServer1, finality(testOptUpdate2))
+	ts.ServerEvent(EvNewOptimisticUpdate, testServer1, testOptUpdate2)
+	ts.AddServer(testServer2, 1)
+	ts.ServerEvent(EvNewOptimisticUpdate, testServer2, testOptUpdate2)
+	ts.Run(3)
+	// expect both head announcements to be validated instantly
+	ht.ExpValidated(t, 3, []types.OptimisticUpdate{testOptUpdate2, testOptUpdate2})
+
+	ts.ServerEvent(EvNewOptimisticUpdate, testServer1, testOptUpdate3)
+	ts.AddServer(testServer3, 1)
+	ts.ServerEvent(EvNewOptimisticUpdate, testServer3, testOptUpdate4)
+	// finality should be requested from both servers
+	ts.Run(4, testServer1, ReqFinality{}, testServer3, ReqFinality{})
+	// future period announced heads should be queued
+	ht.ExpValidated(t, 4, nil)
+
+	chain.SetNextSyncPeriod(2)
+	ts.Run(5)
+	// testOptUpdate3 can be validated now but not testOptUpdate4
+	ht.ExpValidated(t, 5, []types.OptimisticUpdate{testOptUpdate3})
+
+	ts.AddServer(testServer4, 1)
+	ts.ServerEvent(EvNewOptimisticUpdate, testServer4, testOptUpdate3)
+	// new server joined with recent optimistic update but still no finality; should be requested
+	ts.Run(6, testServer4, ReqFinality{})
+	ht.ExpValidated(t, 6, []types.OptimisticUpdate{testOptUpdate3})
+
+	ts.AddServer(testServer5, 1)
+	ts.RequestEvent(request.EvResponse, ts.Request(6, 1), finality(testOptUpdate3))
+	ts.ServerEvent(EvNewOptimisticUpdate, testServer5, testOptUpdate3)
+	// finality update request answered; new server should not be requested
+	ts.Run(7)
+	ht.ExpValidated(t, 7, []types.OptimisticUpdate{testOptUpdate3})
+
+	// server 3 disconnected without proving period 3, its announced head should be dropped
+	ts.RemoveServer(testServer3)
+	ts.Run(8)
+	ht.ExpValidated(t, 8, nil)
+
+	chain.SetNextSyncPeriod(3)
+	ts.Run(9)
+	// testOptUpdate4 could be validated now but it's not queued by any registered server
+	ht.ExpValidated(t, 9, nil)
+
+	ts.ServerEvent(EvNewFinalityUpdate, testServer2, finality(testOptUpdate4))
+	ts.ServerEvent(EvNewOptimisticUpdate, testServer2, testOptUpdate4)
+	ts.Run(10)
+	// now testOptUpdate4 should be validated
+	ht.ExpValidated(t, 10, []types.OptimisticUpdate{testOptUpdate4})
+}
+
+func TestPrefetchHead(t *testing.T) {
+	chain := &TestCommitteeChain{}
+	ht := &TestHeadTracker{}
+	headSync := NewHeadSync(ht, chain)
+	ts := NewTestScheduler(t, headSync)
+
+	ht.ExpPrefetch(t, 0, testHead0) // no servers registered
+
+	ts.AddServer(testServer1, 1)
+	ts.ServerEvent(EvNewHead, testServer1, testHead1)
+	ts.Run(1)
+	ht.ExpPrefetch(t, 1, testHead1) // s1: h1
+
+	ts.AddServer(testServer2, 1)
+	ts.ServerEvent(EvNewHead, testServer2, testHead2)
+	ts.Run(2)
+	ht.ExpPrefetch(t, 2, testHead2) // s1: h1, s2: h2
+
+	ts.ServerEvent(EvNewHead, testServer1, testHead2)
+	ts.Run(3)
+	ht.ExpPrefetch(t, 3, testHead2) // s1: h2, s2: h2
+
+	ts.AddServer(testServer3, 1)
+	ts.ServerEvent(EvNewHead, testServer3, testHead3)
+	ts.Run(4)
+	ht.ExpPrefetch(t, 4, testHead2) // s1: h2, s2: h2, s3: h3
+
+	ts.AddServer(testServer4, 1)
+	ts.ServerEvent(EvNewHead, testServer4, testHead4)
+	ts.Run(5)
+	ht.ExpPrefetch(t, 5, testHead2) // s1: h2, s2: h2, s3: h3, s4: h4
+
+	ts.ServerEvent(EvNewHead, testServer2, testHead3)
+	ts.Run(6)
+	ht.ExpPrefetch(t, 6, testHead3) // s1: h2, s2: h3, s3: h3, s4: h4
+
+	ts.RemoveServer(testServer3)
+	ts.Run(7)
+	ht.ExpPrefetch(t, 7, testHead4) // s1: h2, s2: h3, s4: h4
+
+	ts.RemoveServer(testServer1)
+	ts.Run(8)
+	ht.ExpPrefetch(t, 8, testHead4) // s2: h3, s4: h4
+
+	ts.RemoveServer(testServer4)
+	ts.Run(9)
+	ht.ExpPrefetch(t, 9, testHead3) // s2: h3
+
+	ts.RemoveServer(testServer2)
+	ts.Run(10)
+	ht.ExpPrefetch(t, 10, testHead0) // no servers registered
+}
--- a/beacon/light/sync/test_helpers.go
+++ b/beacon/light/sync/test_helpers.go
@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package sync
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/light"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/light/request"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/types"
+)
+
+type requestWithID struct {
+	sid     request.ServerAndID
+	request request.Request
+}
+
+type TestScheduler struct {
+	t         *testing.T
+	module    request.Module
+	events    []request.Event
+	servers   []request.Server
+	allowance map[request.Server]int
+	sent      map[int][]requestWithID
+	testIndex int
+	expFail   map[request.Server]int // expected Server.Fail calls during next Run
+	lastId    request.ID
+}
+
+func NewTestScheduler(t *testing.T, module request.Module) *TestScheduler {
+	return &TestScheduler{
+		t:         t,
+		module:    module,
+		allowance: make(map[request.Server]int),
+		expFail:   make(map[request.Server]int),
+		sent:      make(map[int][]requestWithID),
+	}
+}
+
+func (ts *TestScheduler) Run(testIndex int, exp ...any) {
+	expReqs := make([]requestWithID, len(exp)/2)
+	id := ts.lastId
+	for i := range expReqs {
+		id++
+		expReqs[i] = requestWithID{
+			sid:     request.ServerAndID{Server: exp[i*2].(request.Server), ID: id},
+			request: exp[i*2+1].(request.Request),
+		}
+	}
+	if len(expReqs) == 0 {
+		expReqs = nil
+	}
+
+	ts.testIndex = testIndex
+	ts.module.Process(ts, ts.events)
+	ts.events = nil
+
+	for server, count := range ts.expFail {
+		delete(ts.expFail, server)
+		if count == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		ts.t.Errorf("Missing %d Server.Fail(s) from server %s in test case #%d", count, server.Name(), testIndex)
+	}
+
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(ts.sent[testIndex], expReqs) {
+		ts.t.Errorf("Wrong sent requests in test case #%d (expected %v, got %v)", testIndex, expReqs, ts.sent[testIndex])
+	}
+}
+
+func (ts *TestScheduler) CanSendTo() (cs []request.Server) {
+	for _, server := range ts.servers {
+		if ts.allowance[server] > 0 {
+			cs = append(cs, server)
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func (ts *TestScheduler) Send(server request.Server, req request.Request) request.ID {
+	ts.lastId++
+	ts.sent[ts.testIndex] = append(ts.sent[ts.testIndex], requestWithID{
+		sid:     request.ServerAndID{Server: server, ID: ts.lastId},
+		request: req,
+	})
+	ts.allowance[server]--
+	return ts.lastId
+}
+
+func (ts *TestScheduler) Fail(server request.Server, desc string) {
+	if ts.expFail[server] == 0 {
+		ts.t.Errorf("Unexpected Fail from server %s in test case #%d: %s", server.Name(), ts.testIndex, desc)
+		return
+	}
+	ts.expFail[server]--
+}
+
+func (ts *TestScheduler) Request(testIndex, reqIndex int) requestWithID {
+	if len(ts.sent[testIndex]) < reqIndex {
+		ts.t.Errorf("Missing request from test case %d index %d", testIndex, reqIndex)
+		return requestWithID{}
+	}
+	return ts.sent[testIndex][reqIndex-1]
+}
+
+func (ts *TestScheduler) ServerEvent(evType *request.EventType, server request.Server, data any) {
+	ts.events = append(ts.events, request.Event{
+		Type:   evType,
+		Server: server,
+		Data:   data,
+	})
+}
+
+func (ts *TestScheduler) RequestEvent(evType *request.EventType, req requestWithID, resp request.Response) {
+	if req.request == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	ts.events = append(ts.events, request.Event{
+		Type:   evType,
+		Server: req.sid.Server,
+		Data: request.RequestResponse{
+			ID:       req.sid.ID,
+			Request:  req.request,
+			Response: resp,
+		},
+	})
+}
+
+func (ts *TestScheduler) AddServer(server request.Server, allowance int) {
+	ts.servers = append(ts.servers, server)
+	ts.allowance[server] = allowance
+	ts.ServerEvent(request.EvRegistered, server, nil)
+}
+
+func (ts *TestScheduler) RemoveServer(server request.Server) {
+	ts.servers = append(ts.servers, server)
+	for i, s := range ts.servers {
+		if s == server {
+			copy(ts.servers[i:len(ts.servers)-1], ts.servers[i+1:])
+			ts.servers = ts.servers[:len(ts.servers)-1]
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	delete(ts.allowance, server)
+	ts.ServerEvent(request.EvUnregistered, server, nil)
+}
+
+func (ts *TestScheduler) AddAllowance(server request.Server, allowance int) {
+	ts.allowance[server] += allowance
+}
+
+func (ts *TestScheduler) ExpFail(server request.Server) {
+	ts.expFail[server]++
+}
+
+type TestCommitteeChain struct {
+	fsp, nsp uint64
+	init     bool
+}
+
+func (tc *TestCommitteeChain) CheckpointInit(bootstrap types.BootstrapData) error {
+	tc.fsp, tc.nsp, tc.init = bootstrap.Header.SyncPeriod(), bootstrap.Header.SyncPeriod()+2, true
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (tc *TestCommitteeChain) InsertUpdate(update *types.LightClientUpdate, nextCommittee *types.SerializedSyncCommittee) error {
+	period := update.AttestedHeader.Header.SyncPeriod()
+	if period < tc.fsp || period > tc.nsp || !tc.init {
+		return light.ErrInvalidPeriod
+	}
+	if period == tc.nsp {
+		tc.nsp++
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (tc *TestCommitteeChain) NextSyncPeriod() (uint64, bool) {
+	return tc.nsp, tc.init
+}
+
+func (tc *TestCommitteeChain) ExpInit(t *testing.T, ExpInit bool) {
+	if tc.init != ExpInit {
+		t.Errorf("Incorrect init flag (expected %v, got %v)", ExpInit, tc.init)
+	}
+}
+
+func (tc *TestCommitteeChain) SetNextSyncPeriod(nsp uint64) {
+	tc.init, tc.nsp = true, nsp
+}
+
+func (tc *TestCommitteeChain) ExpNextSyncPeriod(t *testing.T, expNsp uint64) {
+	tc.ExpInit(t, true)
+	if tc.nsp != expNsp {
+		t.Errorf("Incorrect NextSyncPeriod (expected %d, got %d)", expNsp, tc.nsp)
+	}
+}
+
+type TestHeadTracker struct {
+	phead     types.HeadInfo
+	validated []types.OptimisticUpdate
+	finality  types.FinalityUpdate
+}
+
+func (ht *TestHeadTracker) ValidateOptimistic(update types.OptimisticUpdate) (bool, error) {
+	ht.validated = append(ht.validated, update)
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+func (ht *TestHeadTracker) ValidateFinality(update types.FinalityUpdate) (bool, error) {
+	ht.finality = update
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+func (ht *TestHeadTracker) ValidatedFinality() (types.FinalityUpdate, bool) {
+	return ht.finality, ht.finality.Attested.Header != (types.Header{})
+}
+
+func (ht *TestHeadTracker) ExpValidated(t *testing.T, tci int, expHeads []types.OptimisticUpdate) {
+	for i, expHead := range expHeads {
+		if i >= len(ht.validated) {
+			t.Errorf("Missing validated head in test case #%d index #%d (expected {slot %d blockRoot %x}, got none)", tci, i, expHead.Attested.Header.Slot, expHead.Attested.Header.Hash())
+			continue
+		}
+		if !reflect.DeepEqual(ht.validated[i], expHead) {
+			vhead := ht.validated[i].Attested.Header
+			t.Errorf("Wrong validated head in test case #%d index #%d (expected {slot %d blockRoot %x}, got {slot %d blockRoot %x})", tci, i, expHead.Attested.Header.Slot, expHead.Attested.Header.Hash(), vhead.Slot, vhead.Hash())
+		}
+	}
+	for i := len(expHeads); i < len(ht.validated); i++ {
+		vhead := ht.validated[i].Attested.Header
+		t.Errorf("Unexpected validated head in test case #%d index #%d (expected none, got {slot %d blockRoot %x})", tci, i, vhead.Slot, vhead.Hash())
+	}
+	ht.validated = nil
+}
+
+func (ht *TestHeadTracker) SetPrefetchHead(head types.HeadInfo) {
+	ht.phead = head
+}
+
+func (ht *TestHeadTracker) ExpPrefetch(t *testing.T, tci int, exp types.HeadInfo) {
+	if ht.phead != exp {
+		t.Errorf("Wrong prefetch head in test case #%d (expected {slot %d blockRoot %x}, got {slot %d blockRoot %x})", tci, exp.Slot, exp.BlockRoot, ht.phead.Slot, ht.phead.BlockRoot)
+	}
+}
--- a/beacon/light/sync/types.go
+++ b/beacon/light/sync/types.go
@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package sync
+
+import (
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/light/request"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+)
+
+var (
+	EvNewHead             = &request.EventType{Name: "newHead"}             // data: types.HeadInfo
+	EvNewOptimisticUpdate = &request.EventType{Name: "newOptimisticUpdate"} // data: types.OptimisticUpdate
+	EvNewFinalityUpdate   = &request.EventType{Name: "newFinalityUpdate"}   // data: types.FinalityUpdate
+)
+
+type (
+	ReqUpdates struct {
+		FirstPeriod, Count uint64
+	}
+	RespUpdates struct {
+		Updates    []*types.LightClientUpdate
+		Committees []*types.SerializedSyncCommittee
+	}
+	ReqHeader  common.Hash
+	RespHeader struct {
+		Header               types.Header
+		Canonical, Finalized bool
+	}
+	ReqCheckpointData common.Hash
+	ReqBeaconBlock    common.Hash
+	ReqFinality       struct{}
+)
--- a/Show more
+++ b/Show more
				`@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				{"contracts":{"contract.sol:C":{"abi":[{"inputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"constructor"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"uint256","name":"id","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"data","type":"uint256"}],"name":"basic1","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"bool","name":"flag","type":"bool"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"data","type":"uint256"}],"name":"basic2","type":"event"},{"inputs":[],"name":"EmitMulti","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"EmitOne","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"}],"bin":"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"}},"version":"0.8.28+commit.7893614a.Darwin.appleclang"}
				`@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				{"contracts":{"contract.sol:MyContract":{"abi":[{"inputs":[],"name":"GetNums","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256[5]","name":"","type":"uint256[5]"}],"stateMutability":"pure","type":"function"}],"bin":"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"}},"version":"0.8.28+commit.7893614a.Darwin.appleclang"}
				`@ -1 +0,0 @@`
				`{"address":"f466859ead1932d743d622cb74fc058882e8648a","crypto":{"cipher":"aes-128-ctr","ciphertext":"cb664472deacb41a2e995fa7f96fe29ce744471deb8d146a0e43c7898c9ddd4d","cipherparams":{"iv":"dfd9ee70812add5f4b8f89d0811c9158"},"kdf":"scrypt","kdfparams":{"dklen":32,"n":8,"p":16,"r":8,"salt":"0d6769bf016d45c479213990d6a08d938469c4adad8a02ce507b4a4e7b7739f1"},"mac":"bac9af994b15a45dd39669fc66f9aa8a3b9dd8c22cb16e4d8d7ea089d0f1a1a9"},"id":"472e8b3d-afb6-45b5-8111-72c89895099a","version":3}`
				`@ -1 +0,0 @@`
				`{"address":"7ef5a6135f1fd6a02593eedc869c6d41d934aef8","crypto":{"cipher":"aes-128-ctr","ciphertext":"1d0839166e7a15b9c1333fc865d69858b22df26815ccf601b28219b6192974e1","cipherparams":{"iv":"8df6caa7ff1b00c4e871f002cb7921ed"},"kdf":"scrypt","kdfparams":{"dklen":32,"n":8,"p":16,"r":8,"salt":"e5e6ef3f4ea695f496b643ebd3f75c0aa58ef4070e90c80c5d3fb0241bf1595c"},"mac":"6d16dfde774845e4585357f24bce530528bc69f4f84e1e22880d34fa45c273e5"},"id":"950077c7-71e3-4c44-a4a1-143919141ed4","version":3}`