feat: RulesHooks.MinimumGasConsumption (#185)

## Why this should be merged

Required for
[ACP-194](https://github.com/avalanche-foundation/ACPs/tree/main/ACPs/194-streaming-asynchronous-execution#gas-charged)
$\lambda$ bound on gas consumption.

## How this works

Hook into `core.StateTransition.TransitionDb()` as this is the bottom of
all execution paths (e.g. `core.ApplyTransaction()` as used in SAE,
`core.StateProcessor.Process(*Block,...)`, etc.). Once consumed gas is
no longer changing (i.e. after all spends and refunds), the transaction
limit is passed to the hook to determine the minimum consumption, which
is applied.

## How this was tested

Unit test via `core.ApplyTransaction()` as this is our entry point in
SAE.

---------

Signed-off-by: Arran Schlosberg <519948+ARR4N@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Stephen Buttolph <stephen@avalabs.org>

core/state_transition.go

@@ -478,6 +478,8 @@ func (st *StateTransition) refundGas(refundQuotient uint64) uint64 {
 	}
 	st.gasRemaining += refund
 
+	st.consumeMinimumGas() // libevm: see comment on method re call-site requirements
+
 	// Return ETH for remaining gas, exchanged at the original rate.
 	remaining := uint256.NewInt(st.gasRemaining)
 	remaining = remaining.Mul(remaining, uint256.MustFromBig(st.msg.GasPrice))

core/state_transition.libevm.go

@@ -18,22 +18,44 @@ package core
 
 import (
 	"github.com/ava-labs/libevm/log"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/libevm/params"
 )
 
+func (st *StateTransition) rulesHooks() params.RulesHooks {
+	bCtx := st.evm.Context
+	rules := st.evm.ChainConfig().Rules(bCtx.BlockNumber, bCtx.Random != nil, bCtx.Time)
+	return rules.Hooks()
+}
+
 // canExecuteTransaction is a convenience wrapper for calling the
 // [params.RulesHooks.CanExecuteTransaction] hook.
 func (st *StateTransition) canExecuteTransaction() error {
-	bCtx := st.evm.Context
-	rules := st.evm.ChainConfig().Rules(bCtx.BlockNumber, bCtx.Random != nil, bCtx.Time)
-	if err := rules.Hooks().CanExecuteTransaction(st.msg.From, st.msg.To, st.state); err != nil {
+	hooks := st.rulesHooks()
+	if err := hooks.CanExecuteTransaction(st.msg.From, st.msg.To, st.state); err != nil {
 		log.Debug(
 			"Transaction execution blocked by libevm hook",
 			"from", st.msg.From,
 			"to", st.msg.To,
-			"hooks", log.TypeOf(rules.Hooks()),
+			"hooks", log.TypeOf(hooks),
 			"reason", err,
 		)
 		return err
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
+// consumeMinimumGas updates the gas remaining to reflect the value returned by
+// [params.RulesHooks.MinimumGasConsumption]. It MUST be called after all code
+// that modifies gas consumption but before the balance is returned for
+// remaining gas.
+func (st *StateTransition) consumeMinimumGas() {
+	limit := st.msg.GasLimit
+	minConsume := min(
+		limit, // as documented in [params.RulesHooks]
+		st.rulesHooks().MinimumGasConsumption(limit),
+	)
+	st.gasRemaining = min(
+		st.gasRemaining,
+		limit-minConsume,
+	)
+}

core/state_transition.libevm_test.go

@@ -17,15 +17,21 @@ package core_test
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"math/big"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/holiman/uint256"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	"github.com/ava-labs/libevm/common"
 	"github.com/ava-labs/libevm/core"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/libevm/core/types"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/libevm/core/vm"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/libevm/crypto"
 	"github.com/ava-labs/libevm/libevm"
 	"github.com/ava-labs/libevm/libevm/ethtest"
 	"github.com/ava-labs/libevm/libevm/hookstest"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/libevm/params"
 )
 
 func TestCanExecuteTransaction(t *testing.T) {
@@ -54,3 +60,143 @@ func TestCanExecuteTransaction(t *testing.T) {
 	_, err := core.ApplyMessage(evm, msg, new(core.GasPool).AddGas(30e6))
 	require.EqualError(t, err, makeErr(msg.From, msg.To, value).Error())
 }
+
+func TestMinimumGasConsumption(t *testing.T) {
+	// All transactions will be basic transfers so consume [params.TxGas] by
+	// default.
+	tests := []struct {
+		name             string
+		gasLimit uint64
+		refund   uint64
+		minConsumption   uint64
+		wantUsed         uint64
+	}{
+		{
+			name:           "consume_extra",
+			gasLimit:       1e6,
+			minConsumption: 5e5,
+			wantUsed:       5e5,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "consume_extra",
+			gasLimit:       1e6,
+			minConsumption: 4e5,
+			wantUsed:       4e5,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "no_extra_consumption",
+			gasLimit:       50_000,
+			minConsumption: params.TxGas - 1,
+			wantUsed:       params.TxGas,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "zero_min",
+			gasLimit:       50_000,
+			minConsumption: 0,
+			wantUsed:       params.TxGas,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "consume_extra_by_one",
+			gasLimit:       1e6,
+			minConsumption: params.TxGas + 1,
+			wantUsed:       params.TxGas + 1,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "min_capped_at_limit",
+			gasLimit:       1e6,
+			minConsumption: 2e6,
+			wantUsed:       1e6,
+		},
+		{
+			// Although this doesn't test minimum consumption, it demonstrates
+			// the expected outcome for comparison with the next test.
+			name:     "refund_without_min_consumption",
+			gasLimit: 1e6,
+			refund:   1,
+			wantUsed: params.TxGas - 1,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "refund_with_min_consumption",
+			gasLimit:       1e6,
+			refund:         1,
+			minConsumption: params.TxGas,
+			wantUsed:       params.TxGas,
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Very low gas price so we can calculate the expected balance in a uint64,
+	// but not 1 otherwise tests would pass without multiplying extra
+	// consumption by the price.
+	const gasPrice = 3
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			hooks := &hookstest.Stub{
+				MinimumGasConsumptionFn: func(limit uint64) uint64 {
+					require.Equal(t, tt.gasLimit, limit)
+					return tt.minConsumption
+				},
+			}
+			hooks.Register(t)
+
+			key, err := crypto.GenerateKey()
+			require.NoError(t, err, "libevm/crypto.GenerateKey()")
+
+			stateDB, evm := ethtest.NewZeroEVM(t)
+			signer := types.LatestSigner(evm.ChainConfig())
+			tx := types.MustSignNewTx(
+				key, signer,
+				&types.LegacyTx{
+					GasPrice: big.NewInt(gasPrice),
+					Gas:      tt.gasLimit,
+					To:       &common.Address{},
+					Value:    big.NewInt(0),
+				},
+			)
+
+			const startingBalance = 10 * params.Ether
+			from := crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key.PublicKey)
+			stateDB.SetNonce(from, 0)
+			stateDB.SetBalance(from, uint256.NewInt(startingBalance))
+			stateDB.AddRefund(tt.refund)
+
+			var (
+				// Both variables are passed as pointers to
+				// [core.ApplyTransaction], which will modify them.
+				gotUsed uint64
+				gotPool = core.GasPool(1e9)
+			)
+			wantPool := gotPool - core.GasPool(tt.wantUsed)
+
+			receipt, err := core.ApplyTransaction(
+				evm.ChainConfig(), nil, &common.Address{}, &gotPool, stateDB,
+				&types.Header{
+					BaseFee: big.NewInt(gasPrice),
+					// Required but irrelevant fields
+					Number:     big.NewInt(0),
+					Difficulty: big.NewInt(0),
+				},
+				tx, &gotUsed, vm.Config{},
+			)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "core.ApplyTransaction(...)")
+
+			for desc, got := range map[string]uint64{
+				"receipt.GasUsed":                                  receipt.GasUsed,
+				"receipt.CumulativeGasUsed":                        receipt.CumulativeGasUsed,
+				"core.ApplyTransaction(..., usedGas *uint64, ...)": gotUsed,
+			} {
+				if got != tt.wantUsed {
+					t.Errorf("%s got %d; want %d", desc, got, tt.wantUsed)
+				}
+			}
+			if gotPool != wantPool {
+				t.Errorf("After core.ApplyMessage(..., *%T); got %[1]T = %[1]d; want %d", gotPool, wantPool)
+			}
+
+			wantBalance := uint256.NewInt(startingBalance - tt.wantUsed*gasPrice)
+			if got := stateDB.GetBalance(from); !got.Eq(wantBalance) {
+				t.Errorf("got remaining balance %d; want %d", got, wantBalance)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

libevm/hookstest/stub.go

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ type Stub struct {
 	ActivePrecompilesFn     func([]common.Address) []common.Address
 	CanExecuteTransactionFn func(common.Address, *common.Address, libevm.StateReader) error
 	CanCreateContractFn     func(*libevm.AddressContext, uint64, libevm.StateReader) (uint64, error)
+	MinimumGasConsumptionFn func(txGasLimit uint64) uint64
 }
 
 // Register is a convenience wrapper for registering s as both the
@@ -122,6 +123,15 @@ func (s Stub) CanCreateContract(cc *libevm.AddressContext, gas uint64, sr libevm
 	return gas, nil
 }
 
+// MinimumGasConsumption proxies arguments to the s.MinimumGasConsumptionFn
+// function if non-nil, otherwise it acts as a noop.
+func (s Stub) MinimumGasConsumption(limit uint64) uint64 {
+	if f := s.MinimumGasConsumptionFn; f != nil {
+		return f(limit)
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
 var _ interface {
 	params.ChainConfigHooks
 	params.RulesHooks

params/hooks.libevm.go

@@ -55,6 +55,12 @@ type RulesHooks interface {
 	// received slice. The value it returns MUST be consistent with the
 	// behaviour of the PrecompileOverride hook.
 	ActivePrecompiles([]common.Address) []common.Address
+	// MinimumGasConsumption receives a transaction's gas limit and returns the
+	// minimum quantity of gas units to be charged for said transaction. If the
+	// returned value is greater than the transaction's limit, the minimum spend
+	// will be capped at the limit. The minimum spend will be applied _after_
+	// refunds, if any.
+	MinimumGasConsumption(txGasLimit uint64) (gas uint64)
 }
 
 // RulesAllowlistHooks are a subset of [RulesHooks] that gate actions, signalled
@@ -132,3 +138,8 @@ func (NOOPHooks) PrecompileOverride(common.Address) (libevm.PrecompiledContract,
 func (NOOPHooks) ActivePrecompiles(active []common.Address) []common.Address {
 	return active
 }
+
+// MinimumGasConsumption always returns 0.
+func (NOOPHooks) MinimumGasConsumption(uint64) uint64 {
+	return 0
+}