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ADDED LCP engine

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This commit is contained in:
pavelkrolevets 2018-08-20 14:41:08 +08:00
parent 103d3f45f8
commit c9e3e998a8
14 changed files with 1013 additions and 2475 deletions
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119
consensus/clique/api.go
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@ -1,119 +0,0 @@
// Copyright 2017 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
//
// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
package clique
import (
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/common"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/consensus"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/core/types"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/rpc"
)
// API is a user facing RPC API to allow controlling the signer and voting
// mechanisms of the proof-of-authority scheme.
type API struct {
chain consensus.ChainReader
clique *Clique
}
// GetSnapshot retrieves the state snapshot at a given block.
func (api *API) GetSnapshot(number *rpc.BlockNumber) (*Snapshot, error) {
// Retrieve the requested block number (or current if none requested)
var header *types.Header
if number == nil || *number == rpc.LatestBlockNumber {
header = api.chain.CurrentHeader()
} else {
header = api.chain.GetHeaderByNumber(uint64(number.Int64()))
}
// Ensure we have an actually valid block and return its snapshot
if header == nil {
return nil, errUnknownBlock
}
return api.clique.snapshot(api.chain, header.Number.Uint64(), header.Hash(), nil)
}
// GetSnapshotAtHash retrieves the state snapshot at a given block.
func (api *API) GetSnapshotAtHash(hash common.Hash) (*Snapshot, error) {
header := api.chain.GetHeaderByHash(hash)
if header == nil {
return nil, errUnknownBlock
}
return api.clique.snapshot(api.chain, header.Number.Uint64(), header.Hash(), nil)
}
// GetSigners retrieves the list of authorized signers at the specified block.
func (api *API) GetSigners(number *rpc.BlockNumber) ([]common.Address, error) {
// Retrieve the requested block number (or current if none requested)
var header *types.Header
if number == nil || *number == rpc.LatestBlockNumber {
header = api.chain.CurrentHeader()
} else {
header = api.chain.GetHeaderByNumber(uint64(number.Int64()))
}
// Ensure we have an actually valid block and return the signers from its snapshot
if header == nil {
return nil, errUnknownBlock
}
snap, err := api.clique.snapshot(api.chain, header.Number.Uint64(), header.Hash(), nil)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return snap.signers(), nil
}
// GetSignersAtHash retrieves the list of authorized signers at the specified block.
func (api *API) GetSignersAtHash(hash common.Hash) ([]common.Address, error) {
header := api.chain.GetHeaderByHash(hash)
if header == nil {
return nil, errUnknownBlock
}
snap, err := api.clique.snapshot(api.chain, header.Number.Uint64(), header.Hash(), nil)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return snap.signers(), nil
}
// Proposals returns the current proposals the node tries to uphold and vote on.
func (api *API) Proposals() map[common.Address]bool {
api.clique.lock.RLock()
defer api.clique.lock.RUnlock()
proposals := make(map[common.Address]bool)
for address, auth := range api.clique.proposals {
proposals[address] = auth
}
return proposals
}
// Propose injects a new authorization proposal that the signer will attempt to
// push through.
func (api *API) Propose(address common.Address, auth bool) {
api.clique.lock.Lock()
defer api.clique.lock.Unlock()
api.clique.proposals[address] = auth
}
// Discard drops a currently running proposal, stopping the signer from casting
// further votes (either for or against).
func (api *API) Discard(address common.Address) {
api.clique.lock.Lock()
defer api.clique.lock.Unlock()
delete(api.clique.proposals, address)
}

689
consensus/clique/clique.go
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@ -1,689 +0,0 @@
// Copyright 2017 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
//
// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
// Package clique implements the proof-of-authority consensus engine.
package clique
import (
"bytes"
"errors"
"math/big"
"math/rand"
"sync"
"time"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/accounts"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/common"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/consensus"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/consensus/misc"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/core/state"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/core/types"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/crypto"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/crypto/sha3"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/ethdb"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/log"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/params"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/rlp"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/rpc"
lru "github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru"
)
const (
checkpointInterval = 1024 // Number of blocks after which to save the vote snapshot to the database
inmemorySnapshots = 128 // Number of recent vote snapshots to keep in memory
inmemorySignatures = 4096 // Number of recent block signatures to keep in memory
wiggleTime = 500 * time.Millisecond // Random delay (per signer) to allow concurrent signers
)
// Clique proof-of-authority protocol constants.
var (
epochLength = uint64(30000) // Default number of blocks after which to checkpoint and reset the pending votes
extraVanity = 32 // Fixed number of extra-data prefix bytes reserved for signer vanity
extraSeal = 65 // Fixed number of extra-data suffix bytes reserved for signer seal
nonceAuthVote = hexutil.MustDecode("0xffffffffffffffff") // Magic nonce number to vote on adding a new signer
nonceDropVote = hexutil.MustDecode("0x0000000000000000") // Magic nonce number to vote on removing a signer.
uncleHash = types.CalcUncleHash(nil) // Always Keccak256(RLP([])) as uncles are meaningless outside of PoW.
diffInTurn = big.NewInt(2) // Block difficulty for in-turn signatures
diffNoTurn = big.NewInt(1) // Block difficulty for out-of-turn signatures
)
// Various error messages to mark blocks invalid. These should be private to
// prevent engine specific errors from being referenced in the remainder of the
// codebase, inherently breaking if the engine is swapped out. Please put common
// error types into the consensus package.
var (
// errUnknownBlock is returned when the list of signers is requested for a block
// that is not part of the local blockchain.
errUnknownBlock = errors.New("unknown block")
// errInvalidCheckpointBeneficiary is returned if a checkpoint/epoch transition
// block has a beneficiary set to non-zeroes.
errInvalidCheckpointBeneficiary = errors.New("beneficiary in checkpoint block non-zero")
// errInvalidVote is returned if a nonce value is something else that the two
// allowed constants of 0x00..0 or 0xff..f.
errInvalidVote = errors.New("vote nonce not 0x00..0 or 0xff..f")
// errInvalidCheckpointVote is returned if a checkpoint/epoch transition block
// has a vote nonce set to non-zeroes.
errInvalidCheckpointVote = errors.New("vote nonce in checkpoint block non-zero")
// errMissingVanity is returned if a block's extra-data section is shorter than
// 32 bytes, which is required to store the signer vanity.
errMissingVanity = errors.New("extra-data 32 byte vanity prefix missing")
// errMissingSignature is returned if a block's extra-data section doesn't seem
// to contain a 65 byte secp256k1 signature.
errMissingSignature = errors.New("extra-data 65 byte suffix signature missing")
// errExtraSigners is returned if non-checkpoint block contain signer data in
// their extra-data fields.
errExtraSigners = errors.New("non-checkpoint block contains extra signer list")
// errInvalidCheckpointSigners is returned if a checkpoint block contains an
// invalid list of signers (i.e. non divisible by 20 bytes, or not the correct
// ones).
errInvalidCheckpointSigners = errors.New("invalid signer list on checkpoint block")
// errInvalidMixDigest is returned if a block's mix digest is non-zero.
errInvalidMixDigest = errors.New("non-zero mix digest")
// errInvalidUncleHash is returned if a block contains an non-empty uncle list.
errInvalidUncleHash = errors.New("non empty uncle hash")
// errInvalidDifficulty is returned if the difficulty of a block is not either
// of 1 or 2, or if the value does not match the turn of the signer.
errInvalidDifficulty = errors.New("invalid difficulty")
// ErrInvalidTimestamp is returned if the timestamp of a block is lower than
// the previous block's timestamp + the minimum block period.
ErrInvalidTimestamp = errors.New("invalid timestamp")
// errInvalidVotingChain is returned if an authorization list is attempted to
// be modified via out-of-range or non-contiguous headers.
errInvalidVotingChain = errors.New("invalid voting chain")
// errUnauthorized is returned if a header is signed by a non-authorized entity.
errUnauthorized = errors.New("unauthorized")
// errWaitTransactions is returned if an empty block is attempted to be sealed
// on an instant chain (0 second period). It's important to refuse these as the
// block reward is zero, so an empty block just bloats the chain... fast.
errWaitTransactions = errors.New("waiting for transactions")
)
// SignerFn is a signer callback function to request a hash to be signed by a
// backing account.
type SignerFn func(accounts.Account, []byte) ([]byte, error)
// sigHash returns the hash which is used as input for the proof-of-authority
// signing. It is the hash of the entire header apart from the 65 byte signature
// contained at the end of the extra data.
//
// Note, the method requires the extra data to be at least 65 bytes, otherwise it
// panics. This is done to avoid accidentally using both forms (signature present
// or not), which could be abused to produce different hashes for the same header.
func sigHash(header *types.Header) (hash common.Hash) {
hasher := sha3.NewKeccak256()
rlp.Encode(hasher, []interface{}{
header.ParentHash,
header.UncleHash,
header.Coinbase,
header.Root,
header.TxHash,
header.ReceiptHash,
header.Bloom,
header.Difficulty,
header.Number,
header.GasLimit,
header.GasUsed,
header.Time,
header.Extra[:len(header.Extra)-65], // Yes, this will panic if extra is too short
header.MixDigest,
header.Nonce,
})
hasher.Sum(hash[:0])
return hash
}
// ecrecover extracts the Ethereum account address from a signed header.
func ecrecover(header *types.Header, sigcache *lru.ARCCache) (common.Address, error) {
// If the signature's already cached, return that
hash := header.Hash()
if address, known := sigcache.Get(hash); known {
return address.(common.Address), nil
}
// Retrieve the signature from the header extra-data
if len(header.Extra) < extraSeal {
return common.Address{}, errMissingSignature
}
signature := header.Extra[len(header.Extra)-extraSeal:]
// Recover the public key and the Ethereum address
pubkey, err := crypto.Ecrecover(sigHash(header).Bytes(), signature)
if err != nil {
return common.Address{}, err
}
var signer common.Address
copy(signer[:], crypto.Keccak256(pubkey[1:])[12:])
sigcache.Add(hash, signer)
return signer, nil
}
// Clique is the proof-of-authority consensus engine proposed to support the
// Ethereum testnet following the Ropsten attacks.
type Clique struct {
config *params.CliqueConfig // Consensus engine configuration parameters
db ethdb.Database // Database to store and retrieve snapshot checkpoints
recents *lru.ARCCache // Snapshots for recent block to speed up reorgs
signatures *lru.ARCCache // Signatures of recent blocks to speed up mining
proposals map[common.Address]bool // Current list of proposals we are pushing
signer common.Address // Ethereum address of the signing key
signFn SignerFn // Signer function to authorize hashes with
lock sync.RWMutex // Protects the signer fields
}
// New creates a Clique proof-of-authority consensus engine with the initial
// signers set to the ones provided by the user.
func New(config *params.CliqueConfig, db ethdb.Database) *Clique {
// Set any missing consensus parameters to their defaults
conf := *config
if conf.Epoch == 0 {
conf.Epoch = epochLength
}
// Allocate the snapshot caches and create the engine
recents, _ := lru.NewARC(inmemorySnapshots)
signatures, _ := lru.NewARC(inmemorySignatures)
return &Clique{
config: &conf,
db: db,
recents: recents,
signatures: signatures,
proposals: make(map[common.Address]bool),
}
}
// Author implements consensus.Engine, returning the Ethereum address recovered
// from the signature in the header's extra-data section.
func (c *Clique) Author(header *types.Header) (common.Address, error) {
return ecrecover(header, c.signatures)
}
// VerifyHeader checks whether a header conforms to the consensus rules.
func (c *Clique) VerifyHeader(chain consensus.ChainReader, header *types.Header, seal bool) error {
return c.verifyHeader(chain, header, nil)
}
// VerifyHeaders is similar to VerifyHeader, but verifies a batch of headers. The
// method returns a quit channel to abort the operations and a results channel to
// retrieve the async verifications (the order is that of the input slice).
func (c *Clique) VerifyHeaders(chain consensus.ChainReader, headers []*types.Header, seals []bool) (chan<- struct{}, <-chan error) {
abort := make(chan struct{})
results := make(chan error, len(headers))
go func() {
for i, header := range headers {
err := c.verifyHeader(chain, header, headers[:i])
select {
case <-abort:
return
case results <- err:
}
}
}()
return abort, results
}
// verifyHeader checks whether a header conforms to the consensus rules.The
// caller may optionally pass in a batch of parents (ascending order) to avoid
// looking those up from the database. This is useful for concurrently verifying
// a batch of new headers.
func (c *Clique) verifyHeader(chain consensus.ChainReader, header *types.Header, parents []*types.Header) error {
if header.Number == nil {
return errUnknownBlock
}
number := header.Number.Uint64()
// Don't waste time checking blocks from the future
if header.Time.Cmp(big.NewInt(time.Now().Unix())) > 0 {
return consensus.ErrFutureBlock
}
// Checkpoint blocks need to enforce zero beneficiary
checkpoint := (number % c.config.Epoch) == 0
if checkpoint && header.Coinbase != (common.Address{}) {
return errInvalidCheckpointBeneficiary
}
// Nonces must be 0x00..0 or 0xff..f, zeroes enforced on checkpoints
if !bytes.Equal(header.Nonce[:], nonceAuthVote) && !bytes.Equal(header.Nonce[:], nonceDropVote) {
return errInvalidVote
}
if checkpoint && !bytes.Equal(header.Nonce[:], nonceDropVote) {
return errInvalidCheckpointVote
}
// Check that the extra-data contains both the vanity and signature
if len(header.Extra) < extraVanity {
return errMissingVanity
}
if len(header.Extra) < extraVanity+extraSeal {
return errMissingSignature
}
// Ensure that the extra-data contains a signer list on checkpoint, but none otherwise
signersBytes := len(header.Extra) - extraVanity - extraSeal
if !checkpoint && signersBytes != 0 {
return errExtraSigners
}
if checkpoint && signersBytes%common.AddressLength != 0 {
return errInvalidCheckpointSigners
}
// Ensure that the mix digest is zero as we don't have fork protection currently
if header.MixDigest != (common.Hash{}) {
return errInvalidMixDigest
}
// Ensure that the block doesn't contain any uncles which are meaningless in PoA
if header.UncleHash != uncleHash {
return errInvalidUncleHash
}
// Ensure that the block's difficulty is meaningful (may not be correct at this point)
if number > 0 {
if header.Difficulty == nil || (header.Difficulty.Cmp(diffInTurn) != 0 && header.Difficulty.Cmp(diffNoTurn) != 0) {
return errInvalidDifficulty
}
}
// If all checks passed, validate any special fields for hard forks
if err := misc.VerifyForkHashes(chain.Config(), header, false); err != nil {
return err
}
// All basic checks passed, verify cascading fields
return c.verifyCascadingFields(chain, header, parents)
}
// verifyCascadingFields verifies all the header fields that are not standalone,
// rather depend on a batch of previous headers. The caller may optionally pass
// in a batch of parents (ascending order) to avoid looking those up from the
// database. This is useful for concurrently verifying a batch of new headers.
func (c *Clique) verifyCascadingFields(chain consensus.ChainReader, header *types.Header, parents []*types.Header) error {
// The genesis block is the always valid dead-end
number := header.Number.Uint64()
if number == 0 {
return nil
}
// Ensure that the block's timestamp isn't too close to it's parent
var parent *types.Header
if len(parents) > 0 {
parent = parents[len(parents)-1]
} else {
parent = chain.GetHeader(header.ParentHash, number-1)
}
if parent == nil || parent.Number.Uint64() != number-1 || parent.Hash() != header.ParentHash {
return consensus.ErrUnknownAncestor
}
if parent.Time.Uint64()+c.config.Period > header.Time.Uint64() {
return ErrInvalidTimestamp
}
// Retrieve the snapshot needed to verify this header and cache it
snap, err := c.snapshot(chain, number-1, header.ParentHash, parents)
if err != nil {
return err
}
// If the block is a checkpoint block, verify the signer list
if number%c.config.Epoch == 0 {
signers := make([]byte, len(snap.Signers)*common.AddressLength)
for i, signer := range snap.signers() {
copy(signers[i*common.AddressLength:], signer[:])
}
extraSuffix := len(header.Extra) - extraSeal
if !bytes.Equal(header.Extra[extraVanity:extraSuffix], signers) {
return errInvalidCheckpointSigners
}
}
// All basic checks passed, verify the seal and return
return c.verifySeal(chain, header, parents)
}
// snapshot retrieves the authorization snapshot at a given point in time.
func (c *Clique) snapshot(chain consensus.ChainReader, number uint64, hash common.Hash, parents []*types.Header) (*Snapshot, error) {
// Search for a snapshot in memory or on disk for checkpoints
var (
headers []*types.Header
snap *Snapshot
)
for snap == nil {
// If an in-memory snapshot was found, use that
if s, ok := c.recents.Get(hash); ok {
snap = s.(*Snapshot)
break
}
// If an on-disk checkpoint snapshot can be found, use that
if number%checkpointInterval == 0 {
if s, err := loadSnapshot(c.config, c.signatures, c.db, hash); err == nil {
log.Trace("Loaded voting snapshot from disk", "number", number, "hash", hash)
snap = s
break
}
}
// If we're at block zero, make a snapshot
if number == 0 {
genesis := chain.GetHeaderByNumber(0)
if err := c.VerifyHeader(chain, genesis, false); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
signers := make([]common.Address, (len(genesis.Extra)-extraVanity-extraSeal)/common.AddressLength)
for i := 0; i < len(signers); i++ {
copy(signers[i][:], genesis.Extra[extraVanity+i*common.AddressLength:])
}
snap = newSnapshot(c.config, c.signatures, 0, genesis.Hash(), signers)
if err := snap.store(c.db); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
log.Trace("Stored genesis voting snapshot to disk")
break
}
// No snapshot for this header, gather the header and move backward
var header *types.Header
if len(parents) > 0 {
// If we have explicit parents, pick from there (enforced)
header = parents[len(parents)-1]
if header.Hash() != hash || header.Number.Uint64() != number {
return nil, consensus.ErrUnknownAncestor
}
parents = parents[:len(parents)-1]
} else {
// No explicit parents (or no more left), reach out to the database
header = chain.GetHeader(hash, number)
if header == nil {
return nil, consensus.ErrUnknownAncestor
}
}
headers = append(headers, header)
number, hash = number-1, header.ParentHash
}
// Previous snapshot found, apply any pending headers on top of it
for i := 0; i < len(headers)/2; i++ {
headers[i], headers[len(headers)-1-i] = headers[len(headers)-1-i], headers[i]
}
snap, err := snap.apply(headers)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
c.recents.Add(snap.Hash, snap)
// If we've generated a new checkpoint snapshot, save to disk
if snap.Number%checkpointInterval == 0 && len(headers) > 0 {
if err = snap.store(c.db); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
log.Trace("Stored voting snapshot to disk", "number", snap.Number, "hash", snap.Hash)
}
return snap, err
}
// VerifyUncles implements consensus.Engine, always returning an error for any
// uncles as this consensus mechanism doesn't permit uncles.
func (c *Clique) VerifyUncles(chain consensus.ChainReader, block *types.Block) error {
if len(block.Uncles()) > 0 {
return errors.New("uncles not allowed")
}
return nil
}
// VerifySeal implements consensus.Engine, checking whether the signature contained
// in the header satisfies the consensus protocol requirements.
func (c *Clique) VerifySeal(chain consensus.ChainReader, header *types.Header) error {
return c.verifySeal(chain, header, nil)
}
// verifySeal checks whether the signature contained in the header satisfies the
// consensus protocol requirements. The method accepts an optional list of parent
// headers that aren't yet part of the local blockchain to generate the snapshots
// from.
func (c *Clique) verifySeal(chain consensus.ChainReader, header *types.Header, parents []*types.Header) error {
// Verifying the genesis block is not supported
number := header.Number.Uint64()
if number == 0 {
return errUnknownBlock
}
// Retrieve the snapshot needed to verify this header and cache it
snap, err := c.snapshot(chain, number-1, header.ParentHash, parents)
if err != nil {
return err
}
// Resolve the authorization key and check against signers
signer, err := ecrecover(header, c.signatures)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if _, ok := snap.Signers[signer]; !ok {
return errUnauthorized
}
for seen, recent := range snap.Recents {
if recent == signer {
// Signer is among recents, only fail if the current block doesn't shift it out
if limit := uint64(len(snap.Signers)/2 + 1); seen > number-limit {
return errUnauthorized
}
}
}
// Ensure that the difficulty corresponds to the turn-ness of the signer
inturn := snap.inturn(header.Number.Uint64(), signer)
if inturn && header.Difficulty.Cmp(diffInTurn) != 0 {
return errInvalidDifficulty
}
if !inturn && header.Difficulty.Cmp(diffNoTurn) != 0 {
return errInvalidDifficulty
}
return nil
}
// Prepare implements consensus.Engine, preparing all the consensus fields of the
// header for running the transactions on top.
func (c *Clique) Prepare(chain consensus.ChainReader, header *types.Header) error {
// If the block isn't a checkpoint, cast a random vote (good enough for now)
header.Coinbase = common.Address{}
header.Nonce = types.BlockNonce{}
number := header.Number.Uint64()
// Assemble the voting snapshot to check which votes make sense
snap, err := c.snapshot(chain, number-1, header.ParentHash, nil)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if number%c.config.Epoch != 0 {
c.lock.RLock()
// Gather all the proposals that make sense voting on
addresses := make([]common.Address, 0, len(c.proposals))
for address, authorize := range c.proposals {
if snap.validVote(address, authorize) {
addresses = append(addresses, address)
}
}
// If there's pending proposals, cast a vote on them
if len(addresses) > 0 {
header.Coinbase = addresses[rand.Intn(len(addresses))]
if c.proposals[header.Coinbase] {
copy(header.Nonce[:], nonceAuthVote)
} else {
copy(header.Nonce[:], nonceDropVote)
}
}
c.lock.RUnlock()
}
// Set the correct difficulty
header.Difficulty = CalcDifficulty(snap, c.signer)
// Ensure the extra data has all it's components
if len(header.Extra) < extraVanity {
header.Extra = append(header.Extra, bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x00}, extraVanity-len(header.Extra))...)
}
header.Extra = header.Extra[:extraVanity]
if number%c.config.Epoch == 0 {
for _, signer := range snap.signers() {
header.Extra = append(header.Extra, signer[:]...)
}
}
header.Extra = append(header.Extra, make([]byte, extraSeal)...)
// Mix digest is reserved for now, set to empty
header.MixDigest = common.Hash{}
// Ensure the timestamp has the correct delay
parent := chain.GetHeader(header.ParentHash, number-1)
if parent == nil {
return consensus.ErrUnknownAncestor
}
header.Time = new(big.Int).Add(parent.Time, new(big.Int).SetUint64(c.config.Period))
if header.Time.Int64() < time.Now().Unix() {
header.Time = big.NewInt(time.Now().Unix())
}
return nil
}
// Finalize implements consensus.Engine, ensuring no uncles are set, nor block
// rewards given, and returns the final block.
func (c *Clique) Finalize(chain consensus.ChainReader, header *types.Header, state *state.StateDB, txs []*types.Transaction, uncles []*types.Header, receipts []*types.Receipt) (*types.Block, error) {
// No block rewards in PoA, so the state remains as is and uncles are dropped
header.Root = state.IntermediateRoot(chain.Config().IsEIP158(header.Number))
header.UncleHash = types.CalcUncleHash(nil)
// Assemble and return the final block for sealing
return types.NewBlock(header, txs, nil, receipts), nil
}
// Authorize injects a private key into the consensus engine to mint new blocks
// with.
func (c *Clique) Authorize(signer common.Address, signFn SignerFn) {
c.lock.Lock()
defer c.lock.Unlock()
c.signer = signer
c.signFn = signFn
}
// Seal implements consensus.Engine, attempting to create a sealed block using
// the local signing credentials.
func (c *Clique) Seal(chain consensus.ChainReader, block *types.Block, stop <-chan struct{}) (*types.Block, error) {
header := block.Header()
// Sealing the genesis block is not supported
number := header.Number.Uint64()
if number == 0 {
return nil, errUnknownBlock
}
// For 0-period chains, refuse to seal empty blocks (no reward but would spin sealing)
if c.config.Period == 0 && len(block.Transactions()) == 0 {
return nil, errWaitTransactions
}
// Don't hold the signer fields for the entire sealing procedure
c.lock.RLock()
signer, signFn := c.signer, c.signFn
c.lock.RUnlock()
// Bail out if we're unauthorized to sign a block
snap, err := c.snapshot(chain, number-1, header.ParentHash, nil)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if _, authorized := snap.Signers[signer]; !authorized {
return nil, errUnauthorized
}
// If we're amongst the recent signers, wait for the next block
for seen, recent := range snap.Recents {
if recent == signer {
// Signer is among recents, only wait if the current block doesn't shift it out
if limit := uint64(len(snap.Signers)/2 + 1); number < limit || seen > number-limit {
log.Info("Signed recently, must wait for others")
<-stop
return nil, nil
}
}
}
// Sweet, the protocol permits us to sign the block, wait for our time
delay := time.Unix(header.Time.Int64(), 0).Sub(time.Now()) // nolint: gosimple
if header.Difficulty.Cmp(diffNoTurn) == 0 {
// It's not our turn explicitly to sign, delay it a bit
wiggle := time.Duration(len(snap.Signers)/2+1) * wiggleTime
delay += time.Duration(rand.Int63n(int64(wiggle)))
log.Trace("Out-of-turn signing requested", "wiggle", common.PrettyDuration(wiggle))
}
log.Trace("Waiting for slot to sign and propagate", "delay", common.PrettyDuration(delay))
select {
case <-stop:
return nil, nil
case <-time.After(delay):
}
// Sign all the things!
sighash, err := signFn(accounts.Account{Address: signer}, sigHash(header).Bytes())
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
copy(header.Extra[len(header.Extra)-extraSeal:], sighash)
return block.WithSeal(header), nil
}
// CalcDifficulty is the difficulty adjustment algorithm. It returns the difficulty
// that a new block should have based on the previous blocks in the chain and the
// current signer.
func (c *Clique) CalcDifficulty(chain consensus.ChainReader, time uint64, parent *types.Header) *big.Int {
snap, err := c.snapshot(chain, parent.Number.Uint64(), parent.Hash(), nil)
if err != nil {
return nil
}
return CalcDifficulty(snap, c.signer)
}
// CalcDifficulty is the difficulty adjustment algorithm. It returns the difficulty
// that a new block should have based on the previous blocks in the chain and the
// current signer.
func CalcDifficulty(snap *Snapshot, signer common.Address) *big.Int {
if snap.inturn(snap.Number+1, signer) {
return new(big.Int).Set(diffInTurn)
}
return new(big.Int).Set(diffNoTurn)
}
// Close implements consensus.Engine. It's a noop for clique as there is are no background threads.
func (c *Clique) Close() error {
return nil
}
// APIs implements consensus.Engine, returning the user facing RPC API to allow
// controlling the signer voting.
func (c *Clique) APIs(chain consensus.ChainReader) []rpc.API {
return []rpc.API{{
Namespace: "clique",
Version: "1.0",
Service: &API{chain: chain, clique: c},
Public: false,
}}
}

312
consensus/clique/snapshot.go
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@ -1,312 +0,0 @@
// Copyright 2017 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
//
// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
package clique
import (
"bytes"
"encoding/json"
"sort"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/common"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/core/types"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/ethdb"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/params"
lru "github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru"
)
// Vote represents a single vote that an authorized signer made to modify the
// list of authorizations.
type Vote struct {
Signer common.Address `json:"signer"` // Authorized signer that cast this vote
Block uint64 `json:"block"` // Block number the vote was cast in (expire old votes)
Address common.Address `json:"address"` // Account being voted on to change its authorization
Authorize bool `json:"authorize"` // Whether to authorize or deauthorize the voted account
}
// Tally is a simple vote tally to keep the current score of votes. Votes that
// go against the proposal aren't counted since it's equivalent to not voting.
type Tally struct {
Authorize bool `json:"authorize"` // Whether the vote is about authorizing or kicking someone
Votes int `json:"votes"` // Number of votes until now wanting to pass the proposal
}
// Snapshot is the state of the authorization voting at a given point in time.
type Snapshot struct {
config *params.CliqueConfig // Consensus engine parameters to fine tune behavior
sigcache *lru.ARCCache // Cache of recent block signatures to speed up ecrecover
Number uint64 `json:"number"` // Block number where the snapshot was created
Hash common.Hash `json:"hash"` // Block hash where the snapshot was created
Signers map[common.Address]struct{} `json:"signers"` // Set of authorized signers at this moment
Recents map[uint64]common.Address `json:"recents"` // Set of recent signers for spam protections
Votes []*Vote `json:"votes"` // List of votes cast in chronological order
Tally map[common.Address]Tally `json:"tally"` // Current vote tally to avoid recalculating
}
// signers implements the sort interface to allow sorting a list of addresses
type signers []common.Address
func (s signers) Len() int { return len(s) }
func (s signers) Less(i, j int) bool { return bytes.Compare(s[i][:], s[j][:]) < 0 }
func (s signers) Swap(i, j int) { s[i], s[j] = s[j], s[i] }
// newSnapshot creates a new snapshot with the specified startup parameters. This
// method does not initialize the set of recent signers, so only ever use if for
// the genesis block.
func newSnapshot(config *params.CliqueConfig, sigcache *lru.ARCCache, number uint64, hash common.Hash, signers []common.Address) *Snapshot {
snap := &Snapshot{
config: config,
sigcache: sigcache,
Number: number,
Hash: hash,
Signers: make(map[common.Address]struct{}),
Recents: make(map[uint64]common.Address),
Tally: make(map[common.Address]Tally),
}
for _, signer := range signers {
snap.Signers[signer] = struct{}{}
}
return snap
}
// loadSnapshot loads an existing snapshot from the database.
func loadSnapshot(config *params.CliqueConfig, sigcache *lru.ARCCache, db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash) (*Snapshot, error) {
blob, err := db.Get(append([]byte("clique-"), hash[:]...))
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
snap := new(Snapshot)
if err := json.Unmarshal(blob, snap); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
snap.config = config
snap.sigcache = sigcache
return snap, nil
}
// store inserts the snapshot into the database.
func (s *Snapshot) store(db ethdb.Database) error {
blob, err := json.Marshal(s)
if err != nil {
return err
}
return db.Put(append([]byte("clique-"), s.Hash[:]...), blob)
}
// copy creates a deep copy of the snapshot, though not the individual votes.
func (s *Snapshot) copy() *Snapshot {
cpy := &Snapshot{
config: s.config,
sigcache: s.sigcache,
Number: s.Number,
Hash: s.Hash,
Signers: make(map[common.Address]struct{}),
Recents: make(map[uint64]common.Address),
Votes: make([]*Vote, len(s.Votes)),
Tally: make(map[common.Address]Tally),
}
for signer := range s.Signers {
cpy.Signers[signer] = struct{}{}
}
for block, signer := range s.Recents {
cpy.Recents[block] = signer
}
for address, tally := range s.Tally {
cpy.Tally[address] = tally
}
copy(cpy.Votes, s.Votes)
return cpy
}
// validVote returns whether it makes sense to cast the specified vote in the
// given snapshot context (e.g. don't try to add an already authorized signer).
func (s *Snapshot) validVote(address common.Address, authorize bool) bool {
_, signer := s.Signers[address]
return (signer && !authorize) || (!signer && authorize)
}
// cast adds a new vote into the tally.
func (s *Snapshot) cast(address common.Address, authorize bool) bool {
// Ensure the vote is meaningful
if !s.validVote(address, authorize) {
return false
}
// Cast the vote into an existing or new tally
if old, ok := s.Tally[address]; ok {
old.Votes++
s.Tally[address] = old
} else {
s.Tally[address] = Tally{Authorize: authorize, Votes: 1}
}
return true
}
// uncast removes a previously cast vote from the tally.
func (s *Snapshot) uncast(address common.Address, authorize bool) bool {
// If there's no tally, it's a dangling vote, just drop
tally, ok := s.Tally[address]
if !ok {
return false
}
// Ensure we only revert counted votes
if tally.Authorize != authorize {
return false
}
// Otherwise revert the vote
if tally.Votes > 1 {
tally.Votes--
s.Tally[address] = tally
} else {
delete(s.Tally, address)
}
return true
}
// apply creates a new authorization snapshot by applying the given headers to
// the original one.
func (s *Snapshot) apply(headers []*types.Header) (*Snapshot, error) {
// Allow passing in no headers for cleaner code
if len(headers) == 0 {
return s, nil
}
// Sanity check that the headers can be applied
for i := 0; i < len(headers)-1; i++ {
if headers[i+1].Number.Uint64() != headers[i].Number.Uint64()+1 {
return nil, errInvalidVotingChain
}
}
if headers[0].Number.Uint64() != s.Number+1 {
return nil, errInvalidVotingChain
}
// Iterate through the headers and create a new snapshot
snap := s.copy()
for _, header := range headers {
// Remove any votes on checkpoint blocks
number := header.Number.Uint64()
if number%s.config.Epoch == 0 {
snap.Votes = nil
snap.Tally = make(map[common.Address]Tally)
}
// Delete the oldest signer from the recent list to allow it signing again
if limit := uint64(len(snap.Signers)/2 + 1); number >= limit {
delete(snap.Recents, number-limit)
}
// Resolve the authorization key and check against signers
signer, err := ecrecover(header, s.sigcache)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if _, ok := snap.Signers[signer]; !ok {
return nil, errUnauthorized
}
for _, recent := range snap.Recents {
if recent == signer {
return nil, errUnauthorized
}
}
snap.Recents[number] = signer
// Header authorized, discard any previous votes from the signer
for i, vote := range snap.Votes {
if vote.Signer == signer && vote.Address == header.Coinbase {
// Uncast the vote from the cached tally
snap.uncast(vote.Address, vote.Authorize)
// Uncast the vote from the chronological list
snap.Votes = append(snap.Votes[:i], snap.Votes[i+1:]...)
break // only one vote allowed
}
}
// Tally up the new vote from the signer
var authorize bool
switch {
case bytes.Equal(header.Nonce[:], nonceAuthVote):
authorize = true
case bytes.Equal(header.Nonce[:], nonceDropVote):
authorize = false
default:
return nil, errInvalidVote
}
if snap.cast(header.Coinbase, authorize) {
snap.Votes = append(snap.Votes, &Vote{
Signer: signer,
Block: number,
Address: header.Coinbase,
Authorize: authorize,
})
}
// If the vote passed, update the list of signers
if tally := snap.Tally[header.Coinbase]; tally.Votes > len(snap.Signers)/2 {
if tally.Authorize {
snap.Signers[header.Coinbase] = struct{}{}
} else {
delete(snap.Signers, header.Coinbase)
// Signer list shrunk, delete any leftover recent caches
if limit := uint64(len(snap.Signers)/2 + 1); number >= limit {
delete(snap.Recents, number-limit)
}
// Discard any previous votes the deauthorized signer cast
for i := 0; i < len(snap.Votes); i++ {
if snap.Votes[i].Signer == header.Coinbase {
// Uncast the vote from the cached tally
snap.uncast(snap.Votes[i].Address, snap.Votes[i].Authorize)
// Uncast the vote from the chronological list
snap.Votes = append(snap.Votes[:i], snap.Votes[i+1:]...)
i--
}
}
}
// Discard any previous votes around the just changed account
for i := 0; i < len(snap.Votes); i++ {
if snap.Votes[i].Address == header.Coinbase {
snap.Votes = append(snap.Votes[:i], snap.Votes[i+1:]...)
i--
}
}
delete(snap.Tally, header.Coinbase)
}
}
snap.Number += uint64(len(headers))
snap.Hash = headers[len(headers)-1].Hash()
return snap, nil
}
// signers retrieves the list of authorized signers in ascending order.
func (s *Snapshot) signers() []common.Address {
sigs := make([]common.Address, 0, len(s.Signers))
for sig := range s.Signers {
sigs = append(sigs, sig)
}
sort.Sort(signers(sigs))
return sigs
}
// inturn returns if a signer at a given block height is in-turn or not.
func (s *Snapshot) inturn(number uint64, signer common.Address) bool {
signers, offset := s.signers(), 0
for offset < len(signers) && signers[offset] != signer {
offset++
}
return (number % uint64(len(signers))) == uint64(offset)
}

406
consensus/clique/snapshot_test.go
View file

@ -1,406 +0,0 @@
// Copyright 2017 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
//
// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
package clique
import (
"bytes"
"crypto/ecdsa"
"math/big"
"testing"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/common"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/core"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/core/types"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/crypto"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/ethdb"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/params"
)
type testerVote struct {
signer string
voted string
auth bool
}
// testerAccountPool is a pool to maintain currently active tester accounts,
// mapped from textual names used in the tests below to actual Ethereum private
// keys capable of signing transactions.
type testerAccountPool struct {
accounts map[string]*ecdsa.PrivateKey
}
func newTesterAccountPool() *testerAccountPool {
return &testerAccountPool{
accounts: make(map[string]*ecdsa.PrivateKey),
}
}
func (ap *testerAccountPool) sign(header *types.Header, signer string) {
// Ensure we have a persistent key for the signer
if ap.accounts[signer] == nil {
ap.accounts[signer], _ = crypto.GenerateKey()
}
// Sign the header and embed the signature in extra data
sig, _ := crypto.Sign(sigHash(header).Bytes(), ap.accounts[signer])
copy(header.Extra[len(header.Extra)-65:], sig)
}
func (ap *testerAccountPool) address(account string) common.Address {
// Ensure we have a persistent key for the account
if ap.accounts[account] == nil {
ap.accounts[account], _ = crypto.GenerateKey()
}
// Resolve and return the Ethereum address
return crypto.PubkeyToAddress(ap.accounts[account].PublicKey)
}
// testerChainReader implements consensus.ChainReader to access the genesis
// block. All other methods and requests will panic.
type testerChainReader struct {
db ethdb.Database
}
func (r *testerChainReader) Config() *params.ChainConfig { return params.AllCliqueProtocolChanges }
func (r *testerChainReader) CurrentHeader() *types.Header { panic("not supported") }
func (r *testerChainReader) GetHeader(common.Hash, uint64) *types.Header { panic("not supported") }
func (r *testerChainReader) GetBlock(common.Hash, uint64) *types.Block { panic("not supported") }
func (r *testerChainReader) GetHeaderByHash(common.Hash) *types.Header { panic("not supported") }
func (r *testerChainReader) GetHeaderByNumber(number uint64) *types.Header {
if number == 0 {
return rawdb.ReadHeader(r.db, rawdb.ReadCanonicalHash(r.db, 0), 0)
}
panic("not supported")
}
// Tests that voting is evaluated correctly for various simple and complex scenarios.
func TestVoting(t *testing.T) {
// Define the various voting scenarios to test
tests := []struct {
epoch uint64
signers []string
votes []testerVote
results []string
}{
{
// Single signer, no votes cast
signers: []string{"A"},
votes: []testerVote{{signer: "A"}},
results: []string{"A"},
}, {
// Single signer, voting to add two others (only accept first, second needs 2 votes)
signers: []string{"A"},
votes: []testerVote{
{signer: "A", voted: "B", auth: true},
{signer: "B"},
{signer: "A", voted: "C", auth: true},
},
results: []string{"A", "B"},
}, {
// Two signers, voting to add three others (only accept first two, third needs 3 votes already)
signers: []string{"A", "B"},
votes: []testerVote{
{signer: "A", voted: "C", auth: true},
{signer: "B", voted: "C", auth: true},
{signer: "A", voted: "D", auth: true},
{signer: "B", voted: "D", auth: true},
{signer: "C"},
{signer: "A", voted: "E", auth: true},
{signer: "B", voted: "E", auth: true},
},
results: []string{"A", "B", "C", "D"},
}, {
// Single signer, dropping itself (weird, but one less cornercase by explicitly allowing this)
signers: []string{"A"},
votes: []testerVote{
{signer: "A", voted: "A", auth: false},
},
results: []string{},
}, {
// Two signers, actually needing mutual consent to drop either of them (not fulfilled)
signers: []string{"A", "B"},
votes: []testerVote{
{signer: "A", voted: "B", auth: false},
},
results: []string{"A", "B"},
}, {
// Two signers, actually needing mutual consent to drop either of them (fulfilled)
signers: []string{"A", "B"},
votes: []testerVote{
{signer: "A", voted: "B", auth: false},
{signer: "B", voted: "B", auth: false},
},
results: []string{"A"},
}, {
// Three signers, two of them deciding to drop the third
signers: []string{"A", "B", "C"},
votes: []testerVote{
{signer: "A", voted: "C", auth: false},
{signer: "B", voted: "C", auth: false},
},
results: []string{"A", "B"},
}, {
// Four signers, consensus of two not being enough to drop anyone
signers: []string{"A", "B", "C", "D"},
votes: []testerVote{
{signer: "A", voted: "C", auth: false},
{signer: "B", voted: "C", auth: false},
},
results: []string{"A", "B", "C", "D"},
}, {
// Four signers, consensus of three already being enough to drop someone
signers: []string{"A", "B", "C", "D"},
votes: []testerVote{
{signer: "A", voted: "D", auth: false},
{signer: "B", voted: "D", auth: false},
{signer: "C", voted: "D", auth: false},
},
results: []string{"A", "B", "C"},
}, {
// Authorizations are counted once per signer per target
signers: []string{"A", "B"},
votes: []testerVote{
{signer: "A", voted: "C", auth: true},
{signer: "B"},
{signer: "A", voted: "C", auth: true},
{signer: "B"},
{signer: "A", voted: "C", auth: true},
},
results: []string{"A", "B"},
}, {
// Authorizing multiple accounts concurrently is permitted
signers: []string{"A", "B"},
votes: []testerVote{
{signer: "A", voted: "C", auth: true},
{signer: "B"},
{signer: "A", voted: "D", auth: true},
{signer: "B"},
{signer: "A"},
{signer: "B", voted: "D", auth: true},
{signer: "A"},
{signer: "B", voted: "C", auth: true},
},
results: []string{"A", "B", "C", "D"},
}, {
// Deauthorizations are counted once per signer per target
signers: []string{"A", "B"},
votes: []testerVote{
{signer: "A", voted: "B", auth: false},
{signer: "B"},
{signer: "A", voted: "B", auth: false},
{signer: "B"},
{signer: "A", voted: "B", auth: false},
},
results: []string{"A", "B"},
}, {
// Deauthorizing multiple accounts concurrently is permitted
signers: []string{"A", "B", "C", "D"},
votes: []testerVote{
{signer: "A", voted: "C", auth: false},
{signer: "B"},
{signer: "C"},
{signer: "A", voted: "D", auth: false},
{signer: "B"},
{signer: "C"},
{signer: "A"},
{signer: "B", voted: "D", auth: false},
{signer: "C", voted: "D", auth: false},
{signer: "A"},
{signer: "B", voted: "C", auth: false},
},
results: []string{"A", "B"},
}, {
// Votes from deauthorized signers are discarded immediately (deauth votes)
signers: []string{"A", "B", "C"},
votes: []testerVote{
{signer: "C", voted: "B", auth: false},
{signer: "A", voted: "C", auth: false},
{signer: "B", voted: "C", auth: false},
{signer: "A", voted: "B", auth: false},
},
results: []string{"A", "B"},
}, {
// Votes from deauthorized signers are discarded immediately (auth votes)
signers: []string{"A", "B", "C"},
votes: []testerVote{
{signer: "C", voted: "B", auth: false},
{signer: "A", voted: "C", auth: false},
{signer: "B", voted: "C", auth: false},
{signer: "A", voted: "B", auth: false},
},
results: []string{"A", "B"},
}, {
// Cascading changes are not allowed, only the account being voted on may change
signers: []string{"A", "B", "C", "D"},
votes: []testerVote{
{signer: "A", voted: "C", auth: false},
{signer: "B"},
{signer: "C"},
{signer: "A", voted: "D", auth: false},
{signer: "B", voted: "C", auth: false},
{signer: "C"},
{signer: "A"},
{signer: "B", voted: "D", auth: false},
{signer: "C", voted: "D", auth: false},
},
results: []string{"A", "B", "C"},
}, {
// Changes reaching consensus out of bounds (via a deauth) execute on touch
signers: []string{"A", "B", "C", "D"},
votes: []testerVote{
{signer: "A", voted: "C", auth: false},
{signer: "B"},
{signer: "C"},
{signer: "A", voted: "D", auth: false},
{signer: "B", voted: "C", auth: false},
{signer: "C"},
{signer: "A"},
{signer: "B", voted: "D", auth: false},
{signer: "C", voted: "D", auth: false},
{signer: "A"},
{signer: "C", voted: "C", auth: true},
},
results: []string{"A", "B"},
}, {
// Changes reaching consensus out of bounds (via a deauth) may go out of consensus on first touch
signers: []string{"A", "B", "C", "D"},
votes: []testerVote{
{signer: "A", voted: "C", auth: false},
{signer: "B"},
{signer: "C"},
{signer: "A", voted: "D", auth: false},
{signer: "B", voted: "C", auth: false},
{signer: "C"},
{signer: "A"},
{signer: "B", voted: "D", auth: false},
{signer: "C", voted: "D", auth: false},
{signer: "A"},
{signer: "B", voted: "C", auth: true},
},
results: []string{"A", "B", "C"},
}, {
// Ensure that pending votes don't survive authorization status changes. This
// corner case can only appear if a signer is quickly added, removed and then
// readded (or the inverse), while one of the original voters dropped. If a
// past vote is left cached in the system somewhere, this will interfere with
// the final signer outcome.
signers: []string{"A", "B", "C", "D", "E"},
votes: []testerVote{
{signer: "A", voted: "F", auth: true}, // Authorize F, 3 votes needed
{signer: "B", voted: "F", auth: true},
{signer: "C", voted: "F", auth: true},
{signer: "D", voted: "F", auth: false}, // Deauthorize F, 4 votes needed (leave A's previous vote "unchanged")
{signer: "E", voted: "F", auth: false},
{signer: "B", voted: "F", auth: false},
{signer: "C", voted: "F", auth: false},
{signer: "D", voted: "F", auth: true}, // Almost authorize F, 2/3 votes needed
{signer: "E", voted: "F", auth: true},
{signer: "B", voted: "A", auth: false}, // Deauthorize A, 3 votes needed
{signer: "C", voted: "A", auth: false},
{signer: "D", voted: "A", auth: false},
{signer: "B", voted: "F", auth: true}, // Finish authorizing F, 3/3 votes needed
},
results: []string{"B", "C", "D", "E", "F"},
}, {
// Epoch transitions reset all votes to allow chain checkpointing
epoch: 3,
signers: []string{"A", "B"},
votes: []testerVote{
{signer: "A", voted: "C", auth: true},
{signer: "B"},
{signer: "A"}, // Checkpoint block, (don't vote here, it's validated outside of snapshots)
{signer: "B", voted: "C", auth: true},
},
results: []string{"A", "B"},
},
}
// Run through the scenarios and test them
for i, tt := range tests {
// Create the account pool and generate the initial set of signers
accounts := newTesterAccountPool()
signers := make([]common.Address, len(tt.signers))
for j, signer := range tt.signers {
signers[j] = accounts.address(signer)
}
for j := 0; j < len(signers); j++ {
for k := j + 1; k < len(signers); k++ {
if bytes.Compare(signers[j][:], signers[k][:]) > 0 {
signers[j], signers[k] = signers[k], signers[j]
}
}
}
// Create the genesis block with the initial set of signers
genesis := &core.Genesis{
ExtraData: make([]byte, extraVanity+common.AddressLength*len(signers)+extraSeal),
}
for j, signer := range signers {
copy(genesis.ExtraData[extraVanity+j*common.AddressLength:], signer[:])
}
// Create a pristine blockchain with the genesis injected
db := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
genesis.Commit(db)
// Assemble a chain of headers from the cast votes
headers := make([]*types.Header, len(tt.votes))
for j, vote := range tt.votes {
headers[j] = &types.Header{
Number: big.NewInt(int64(j) + 1),
Time: big.NewInt(int64(j) * 15),
Coinbase: accounts.address(vote.voted),
Extra: make([]byte, extraVanity+extraSeal),
}
if j > 0 {
headers[j].ParentHash = headers[j-1].Hash()
}
if vote.auth {
copy(headers[j].Nonce[:], nonceAuthVote)
}
accounts.sign(headers[j], vote.signer)
}
// Pass all the headers through clique and ensure tallying succeeds
head := headers[len(headers)-1]
snap, err := New(&params.CliqueConfig{Epoch: tt.epoch}, db).snapshot(&testerChainReader{db: db}, head.Number.Uint64(), head.Hash(), headers)
if err != nil {
t.Errorf("test %d: failed to create voting snapshot: %v", i, err)
continue
}
// Verify the final list of signers against the expected ones
signers = make([]common.Address, len(tt.results))
for j, signer := range tt.results {
signers[j] = accounts.address(signer)
}
for j := 0; j < len(signers); j++ {
for k := j + 1; k < len(signers); k++ {
if bytes.Compare(signers[j][:], signers[k][:]) > 0 {
signers[j], signers[k] = signers[k], signers[j]
}
}
}
result := snap.signers()
if len(result) != len(signers) {
t.Errorf("test %d: signers mismatch: have %x, want %x", i, result, signers)
continue
}
for j := 0; j < len(result); j++ {
if !bytes.Equal(result[j][:], signers[j][:]) {
t.Errorf("test %d, signer %d: signer mismatch: have %x, want %x", i, j, result[j], signers[j])
}
}
}
}

85
consensus/lcp/api.go
View file

@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/consensus"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/core/types"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/rpc"
"math/big"
)
// API is a user facing RPC API to allow controlling the signer and voting
@ -31,90 +32,40 @@ type API struct {
lcp *LCP
}
// GetSnapshot retrieves the state snapshot at a given block.
func (api *API) GetSnapshot(number *rpc.BlockNumber) (*Snapshot, error) {
// Retrieve the requested block number (or current if none requested)
// GetValidators retrieves the list of the validators at specified block
func (api *API) GetValidators(number *rpc.BlockNumber) ([]common.Address, error) {
var header *types.Header
if number == nil || *number == rpc.LatestBlockNumber {
header = api.chain.CurrentHeader()
} else {
header = api.chain.GetHeaderByNumber(uint64(number.Int64()))
}
// Ensure we have an actually valid block and return its snapshot
if header == nil {
return nil, errUnknownBlock
}
return api.lcp.snapshot(api.chain, header.Number.Uint64(), header.Hash(), nil)
}
// GetSnapshotAtHash retrieves the state snapshot at a given block.
func (api *API) GetSnapshotAtHash(hash common.Hash) (*Snapshot, error) {
header := api.chain.GetHeaderByHash(hash)
if header == nil {
return nil, errUnknownBlock
}
return api.clique.snapshot(api.chain, header.Number.Uint64(), header.Hash(), nil)
}
// GetSigners retrieves the list of authorized signers at the specified block.
func (api *API) GetSigners(number *rpc.BlockNumber) ([]common.Address, error) {
// Retrieve the requested block number (or current if none requested)
var header *types.Header
if number == nil || *number == rpc.LatestBlockNumber {
header = api.chain.CurrentHeader()
} else {
header = api.chain.GetHeaderByNumber(uint64(number.Int64()))
}
// Ensure we have an actually valid block and return the signers from its snapshot
if header == nil {
return nil, errUnknownBlock
}
snap, err := api.clique.snapshot(api.chain, header.Number.Uint64(), header.Hash(), nil)
epochTrie, err := types.NewEpochTrie(header.LCPContext.EpochHash, api.lcp.db)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return snap.signers(), nil
}
// GetSignersAtHash retrieves the list of authorized signers at the specified block.
func (api *API) GetSignersAtHash(hash common.Hash) ([]common.Address, error) {
header := api.chain.GetHeaderByHash(hash)
if header == nil {
return nil, errUnknownBlock
}
snap, err := api.clique.snapshot(api.chain, header.Number.Uint64(), header.Hash(), nil)
LCPContext := types.LCPContext{}
LCPContext.SetEpoch(epochTrie)
validators, err := LCPContext.GetValidators()
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return snap.signers(), nil
return validators, nil
}
// Proposals returns the current proposals the node tries to uphold and vote on.
func (api *API) Proposals() map[common.Address]bool {
api.clique.lock.RLock()
defer api.clique.lock.RUnlock()
proposals := make(map[common.Address]bool)
for address, auth := range api.clique.proposals {
proposals[address] = auth
// GetConfirmedBlockNumber retrieves the latest irreversible block
func (api *API) GetConfirmedBlockNumber() (*big.Int, error) {
var err error
header := api.lcp.confirmedBlockHeader
if header == nil {
header, err = api.lcp.loadConfirmedBlockHeader(api.chain)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
}
return proposals
}
// Propose injects a new authorization proposal that the signer will attempt to
// push through.
func (api *API) Propose(address common.Address, auth bool) {
api.clique.lock.Lock()
defer api.clique.lock.Unlock()
api.clique.proposals[address] = auth
}
// Discard drops a currently running proposal, stopping the signer from casting
// further votes (either for or against).
func (api *API) Discard(address common.Address) {
api.clique.lock.Lock()
defer api.clique.lock.Unlock()
delete(api.clique.proposals, address)
return header.Number, nil
}

359
consensus/lcp/epoch_context_test.go Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,359 @@
package lcp
import (
"math/big"
"testing"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/common"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/core/state"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/core/types"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/ethdb"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/trie"
"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
//types2 "github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/core/types"
)
func TestEpochContextCountVotes(t *testing.T) {
voteMap := map[common.Address][]common.Address{
common.HexToAddress("0x44d1ce0b7cb3588bca96151fe1bc05af38f91b6e"): {
common.HexToAddress("0xb040353ec0f2c113d5639444f7253681aecda1f8"),
},
common.HexToAddress("0xa60a3886b552ff9992cfcd208ec1152079e046c2"): {
common.HexToAddress("0x14432e15f21237013017fa6ee90fc99433dec82c"),
common.HexToAddress("0x9f30d0e5c9c88cade54cd1adecf6bc2c7e0e5af6"),
},
common.HexToAddress("0x4e080e49f62694554871e669aeb4ebe17c4a9670"): {
common.HexToAddress("0xd83b44a3719720ec54cdb9f54c0202de68f1ebcb"),
common.HexToAddress("0x56cc452e450551b7b9cffe25084a069e8c1e9441"),
common.HexToAddress("0xbcfcb3fa8250be4f2bf2b1e70e1da500c668377b"),
},
common.HexToAddress("0x9d9667c71bb09d6ca7c3ed12bfe5e7be24e2ffe1"): {},
}
balance := int64(5)
db := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
bdb := trie.NewDatabase(db)
stateDB, _ := state.New(common.Hash{}, state.NewDatabase(db))
LCPContext, err := types.NewLCPContext(bdb)
assert.Nil(t, err)
epochContext := &EpochContext{
Context: LCPContext,
statedb: stateDB,
}
_, err = epochContext.countVotes()
assert.NotNil(t, err)
for candidate, electors := range voteMap {
assert.Nil(t, LCPContext.BecomeCandidate(candidate))
for _, elector := range electors {
stateDB.SetBalance(elector, big.NewInt(balance))
assert.Nil(t, LCPContext.Delegate(elector, candidate))
}
}
result, err := epochContext.countVotes()
assert.Nil(t, err)
assert.Equal(t, len(voteMap), len(result))
for candidate, electors := range voteMap {
voteCount, ok := result[candidate]
assert.True(t, ok)
assert.Equal(t, balance*int64(len(electors)), voteCount.Int64())
}
}
//
//func TestLookupValidator(t *testing.T) {
// db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
// dposCtx, _ := types.NewDposContext(db)
// mockEpochContext := &EpochContext{
// DposContext: dposCtx,
// }
// validators := []common.Address{
// common.StringToAddress("addr1"),
// common.StringToAddress("addr2"),
// common.StringToAddress("addr3"),
// }
// mockEpochContext.DposContext.SetValidators(validators)
// for i, expected := range validators {
// got, _ := mockEpochContext.lookupValidator(int64(i) * blockInterval)
// if got != expected {
// t.Errorf("Failed to test lookup validator, %s was expected but got %s", expected.Str(), got.Str())
// }
// }
// _, err := mockEpochContext.lookupValidator(blockInterval - 1)
// if err != ErrInvalidMintBlockTime {
// t.Errorf("Failed to test lookup validator. err '%v' was expected but got '%v'", ErrInvalidMintBlockTime, err)
// }
//}
//
//func TestEpochContextKickoutValidator(t *testing.T) {
// db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
// stateDB, _ := state.New(common.Hash{}, state.NewDatabase(db))
// dposContext, err := types.NewDposContext(db)
// assert.Nil(t, err)
// epochContext := &EpochContext{
// TimeStamp: epochInterval,
// DposContext: dposContext,
// statedb: stateDB,
// }
// atLeastMintCnt := epochInterval / blockInterval / maxValidatorSize / 2
// testEpoch := int64(1)
//
// // no validator can be kickout, because all validators mint enough block at least
// validators := []common.Address{}
// for i := 0; i < maxValidatorSize; i++ {
// validator := common.StringToAddress("addr" + strconv.Itoa(i))
// validators = append(validators, validator)
// assert.Nil(t, dposContext.BecomeCandidate(validator))
// setTestMintCnt(dposContext, testEpoch, validator, atLeastMintCnt)
// }
// assert.Nil(t, dposContext.SetValidators(validators))
// assert.Nil(t, dposContext.BecomeCandidate(common.StringToAddress("addr")))
// assert.Nil(t, epochContext.kickoutValidator(testEpoch))
// candidateMap := getCandidates(dposContext.CandidateTrie())
// assert.Equal(t, maxValidatorSize +1, len(candidateMap))
//
// // atLeast a safeSize count candidate will reserve
// dposContext, err = types.NewDposContext(db)
// assert.Nil(t, err)
// epochContext = &EpochContext{
// TimeStamp: epochInterval,
// DposContext: dposContext,
// statedb: stateDB,
// }
// validators = []common.Address{}
// for i := 0; i < maxValidatorSize; i++ {
// validator := common.StringToAddress("addr" + strconv.Itoa(i))
// validators = append(validators, validator)
// assert.Nil(t, dposContext.BecomeCandidate(validator))
// setTestMintCnt(dposContext, testEpoch, validator, atLeastMintCnt-int64(i)-1)
// }
// assert.Nil(t, dposContext.SetValidators(validators))
// assert.Nil(t, epochContext.kickoutValidator(testEpoch))
// candidateMap = getCandidates(dposContext.CandidateTrie())
// assert.Equal(t, safeSize, len(candidateMap))
// for i := maxValidatorSize - 1; i >= safeSize; i-- {
// assert.False(t, candidateMap[common.StringToAddress("addr"+strconv.Itoa(i))])
// }
//
// // all validator will be kickout, because all validators didn't mint enough block at least
// dposContext, err = types.NewDposContext(db)
// assert.Nil(t, err)
// epochContext = &EpochContext{
// TimeStamp: epochInterval,
// DposContext: dposContext,
// statedb: stateDB,
// }
// validators = []common.Address{}
// for i := 0; i < maxValidatorSize; i++ {
// validator := common.StringToAddress("addr" + strconv.Itoa(i))
// validators = append(validators, validator)
// assert.Nil(t, dposContext.BecomeCandidate(validator))
// setTestMintCnt(dposContext, testEpoch, validator, atLeastMintCnt-1)
// }
// for i := maxValidatorSize; i < maxValidatorSize *2; i++ {
// candidate := common.StringToAddress("addr" + strconv.Itoa(i))
// assert.Nil(t, dposContext.BecomeCandidate(candidate))
// }
// assert.Nil(t, dposContext.SetValidators(validators))
// assert.Nil(t, epochContext.kickoutValidator(testEpoch))
// candidateMap = getCandidates(dposContext.CandidateTrie())
// assert.Equal(t, maxValidatorSize, len(candidateMap))
//
// // only one validator mint count is not enough
// dposContext, err = types.NewDposContext(db)
// assert.Nil(t, err)
// epochContext = &EpochContext{
// TimeStamp: epochInterval,
// DposContext: dposContext,
// statedb: stateDB,
// }
// validators = []common.Address{}
// for i := 0; i < maxValidatorSize; i++ {
// validator := common.StringToAddress("addr" + strconv.Itoa(i))
// validators = append(validators, validator)
// assert.Nil(t, dposContext.BecomeCandidate(validator))
// if i == 0 {
// setTestMintCnt(dposContext, testEpoch, validator, atLeastMintCnt-1)
// } else {
// setTestMintCnt(dposContext, testEpoch, validator, atLeastMintCnt)
// }
// }
// assert.Nil(t, dposContext.BecomeCandidate(common.StringToAddress("addr")))
// assert.Nil(t, dposContext.SetValidators(validators))
// assert.Nil(t, epochContext.kickoutValidator(testEpoch))
// candidateMap = getCandidates(dposContext.CandidateTrie())
// assert.Equal(t, maxValidatorSize, len(candidateMap))
// assert.False(t, candidateMap[common.StringToAddress("addr"+strconv.Itoa(0))])
//
// // epochTime is not complete, all validators mint enough block at least
// dposContext, err = types.NewDposContext(db)
// assert.Nil(t, err)
// epochContext = &EpochContext{
// TimeStamp: epochInterval / 2,
// DposContext: dposContext,
// statedb: stateDB,
// }
// validators = []common.Address{}
// for i := 0; i < maxValidatorSize; i++ {
// validator := common.StringToAddress("addr" + strconv.Itoa(i))
// validators = append(validators, validator)
// assert.Nil(t, dposContext.BecomeCandidate(validator))
// setTestMintCnt(dposContext, testEpoch, validator, atLeastMintCnt/2)
// }
// for i := maxValidatorSize; i < maxValidatorSize *2; i++ {
// candidate := common.StringToAddress("addr" + strconv.Itoa(i))
// assert.Nil(t, dposContext.BecomeCandidate(candidate))
// }
// assert.Nil(t, dposContext.SetValidators(validators))
// assert.Nil(t, epochContext.kickoutValidator(testEpoch))
// candidateMap = getCandidates(dposContext.CandidateTrie())
// assert.Equal(t, maxValidatorSize *2, len(candidateMap))
//
// // epochTime is not complete, all validators didn't mint enough block at least
// dposContext, err = types.NewDposContext(db)
// assert.Nil(t, err)
// epochContext = &EpochContext{
// TimeStamp: epochInterval / 2,
// DposContext: dposContext,
// statedb: stateDB,
// }
// validators = []common.Address{}
// for i := 0; i < maxValidatorSize; i++ {
// validator := common.StringToAddress("addr" + strconv.Itoa(i))
// validators = append(validators, validator)
// assert.Nil(t, dposContext.BecomeCandidate(validator))
// setTestMintCnt(dposContext, testEpoch, validator, atLeastMintCnt/2-1)
// }
// for i := maxValidatorSize; i < maxValidatorSize *2; i++ {
// candidate := common.StringToAddress("addr" + strconv.Itoa(i))
// assert.Nil(t, dposContext.BecomeCandidate(candidate))
// }
// assert.Nil(t, dposContext.SetValidators(validators))
// assert.Nil(t, epochContext.kickoutValidator(testEpoch))
// candidateMap = getCandidates(dposContext.CandidateTrie())
// assert.Equal(t, maxValidatorSize, len(candidateMap))
//
// dposContext, err = types.NewDposContext(db)
// assert.Nil(t, err)
// epochContext = &EpochContext{
// TimeStamp: epochInterval / 2,
// DposContext: dposContext,
// statedb: stateDB,
// }
// assert.NotNil(t, epochContext.kickoutValidator(testEpoch))
// dposContext.SetValidators([]common.Address{})
// assert.NotNil(t, epochContext.kickoutValidator(testEpoch))
//}
//
//func setTestMintCnt(dposContext *types.DposContext, epoch int64, validator common.Address, count int64) {
// for i := int64(0); i < count; i++ {
// updateMintCnt(epoch*epochInterval, epoch*epochInterval+blockInterval, validator, dposContext)
// }
//}
//
//func getCandidates(candidateTrie *trie.Trie) map[common.Address]bool {
// candidateMap := map[common.Address]bool{}
// iter := trie.NewIterator(candidateTrie.NodeIterator(nil))
// for iter.Next() {
// candidateMap[common.BytesToAddress(iter.Value)] = true
// }
// return candidateMap
//}
//
//func TestEpochContextTryElect(t *testing.T) {
// db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
// stateDB, _ := state.New(common.Hash{}, state.NewDatabase(db))
// dposContext, err := types.NewDposContext(db)
// assert.Nil(t, err)
// epochContext := &EpochContext{
// TimeStamp: epochInterval,
// DposContext: dposContext,
// statedb: stateDB,
// }
// atLeastMintCnt := epochInterval / blockInterval / maxValidatorSize / 2
// testEpoch := int64(1)
// validators := []common.Address{}
// for i := 0; i < maxValidatorSize; i++ {
// validator := common.StringToAddress("addr" + strconv.Itoa(i))
// validators = append(validators, validator)
// assert.Nil(t, dposContext.BecomeCandidate(validator))
// assert.Nil(t, dposContext.Delegate(validator, validator))
// stateDB.SetBalance(validator, big.NewInt(1))
// setTestMintCnt(dposContext, testEpoch, validator, atLeastMintCnt-1)
// }
// dposContext.BecomeCandidate(common.StringToAddress("more"))
// assert.Nil(t, dposContext.SetValidators(validators))
//
// // genesisEpoch == parentEpoch do not kickout
// genesis := &types.Header{
// Time: big.NewInt(0),
// }
// parent := &types.Header{
// Time: big.NewInt(epochInterval - blockInterval),
// }
// oldHash := dposContext.EpochTrie().Hash()
// assert.Nil(t, epochContext.tryElect(genesis, parent))
// result, err := dposContext.GetValidators()
// assert.Nil(t, err)
// assert.Equal(t, maxValidatorSize, len(result))
// for _, validator := range result {
// assert.True(t, strings.Contains(validator.Str(), "addr"))
// }
// assert.NotEqual(t, oldHash, dposContext.EpochTrie().Hash())
//
// // genesisEpoch != parentEpoch and have none mintCnt do not kickout
// genesis = &types.Header{
// Time: big.NewInt(-epochInterval),
// }
// parent = &types.Header{
// Difficulty: big.NewInt(1),
// Time: big.NewInt(epochInterval - blockInterval),
// }
// epochContext.TimeStamp = epochInterval
// oldHash = dposContext.EpochTrie().Hash()
// assert.Nil(t, epochContext.tryElect(genesis, parent))
// result, err = dposContext.GetValidators()
// assert.Nil(t, err)
// assert.Equal(t, maxValidatorSize, len(result))
// for _, validator := range result {
// assert.True(t, strings.Contains(validator.Str(), "addr"))
// }
// assert.NotEqual(t, oldHash, dposContext.EpochTrie().Hash())
//
// // genesisEpoch != parentEpoch kickout
// genesis = &types.Header{
// Time: big.NewInt(0),
// }
// parent = &types.Header{
// Time: big.NewInt(epochInterval*2 - blockInterval),
// }
// epochContext.TimeStamp = epochInterval * 2
// oldHash = dposContext.EpochTrie().Hash()
// assert.Nil(t, epochContext.tryElect(genesis, parent))
// result, err = dposContext.GetValidators()
// assert.Nil(t, err)
// assert.Equal(t, safeSize, len(result))
// moreCnt := 0
// for _, validator := range result {
// if strings.Contains(validator.Str(), "more") {
// moreCnt++
// }
// }
// assert.Equal(t, 1, moreCnt)
// assert.NotEqual(t, oldHash, dposContext.EpochTrie().Hash())
//
// // parentEpoch == currentEpoch do not elect
// genesis = &types.Header{
// Time: big.NewInt(0),
// }
// parent = &types.Header{
// Time: big.NewInt(epochInterval),
// }
// epochContext.TimeStamp = epochInterval + blockInterval
// oldHash = dposContext.EpochTrie().Hash()
// assert.Nil(t, epochContext.tryElect(genesis, parent))
// result, err = dposContext.GetValidators()
// assert.Nil(t, err)
// assert.Equal(t, safeSize, len(result))
// assert.Equal(t, oldHash, dposContext.EpochTrie().Hash())
//}

458
consensus/lcp/epoch_cotext.go
View file

@ -1,314 +1,226 @@
// Copyright 2017 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
//
// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
package lcp
import (
"bytes"
"encoding/json"
"sort"
"encoding/binary"
"errors"
"fmt"
"math/big"
"math/rand"
"sort"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/common"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/core/types"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/ethdb"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/params"
lru "github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/common"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/core/state"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/core/types"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/crypto"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/log"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/trie"
)
// Vote represents a single vote that an authorized signer made to modify the
// list of authorizations.
type Vote struct {
Signer common.Address `json:"signer"` // Authorized signer that cast this vote
Block uint64 `json:"block"` // Block number the vote was cast in (expire old votes)
Address common.Address `json:"address"` // Account being voted on to change its authorization
Authorize bool `json:"authorize"` // Whether to authorize or deauthorize the voted account
type EpochContext struct {
TimeStamp int64
Context *types.LCPContext
statedb *state.StateDB
}
// Tally is a simple vote tally to keep the current score of votes. Votes that
// go against the proposal aren't counted since it's equivalent to not voting.
type Tally struct {
Authorize bool `json:"authorize"` // Whether the vote is about authorizing or kicking someone
Votes int `json:"votes"` // Number of votes until now wanting to pass the proposal
}
// countVotes
func (ec *EpochContext) countVotes() (votes map[common.Address]*big.Int, err error) {
votes = map[common.Address]*big.Int{}
delegateTrie := ec.Context.DelegateTrie()
candidateTrie := ec.Context.CandidateTrie()
statedb := ec.statedb
// Snapshot is the state of the authorization voting at a given point in time.
type Snapshot struct {
config *params.CliqueConfig // Consensus engine parameters to fine tune behavior
sigcache *lru.ARCCache // Cache of recent block signatures to speed up ecrecover
Number uint64 `json:"number"` // Block number where the snapshot was created
Hash common.Hash `json:"hash"` // Block hash where the snapshot was created
Signers map[common.Address]struct{} `json:"signers"` // Set of authorized signers at this moment
Recents map[uint64]common.Address `json:"recents"` // Set of recent signers for spam protections
Votes []*Vote `json:"votes"` // List of votes cast in chronological order
Tally map[common.Address]Tally `json:"tally"` // Current vote tally to avoid recalculating
}
// signers implements the sort interface to allow sorting a list of addresses
type signers []common.Address
func (s signers) Len() int { return len(s) }
func (s signers) Less(i, j int) bool { return bytes.Compare(s[i][:], s[j][:]) < 0 }
func (s signers) Swap(i, j int) { s[i], s[j] = s[j], s[i] }
// newSnapshot creates a new snapshot with the specified startup parameters. This
// method does not initialize the set of recent signers, so only ever use if for
// the genesis block.
func newSnapshot(config *params.CliqueConfig, sigcache *lru.ARCCache, number uint64, hash common.Hash, signers []common.Address) *Snapshot {
snap := &Snapshot{
config: config,
sigcache: sigcache,
Number: number,
Hash: hash,
Signers: make(map[common.Address]struct{}),
Recents: make(map[uint64]common.Address),
Tally: make(map[common.Address]Tally),
iterCandidate := trie.NewIterator(candidateTrie.NodeIterator(nil))
existCandidate := iterCandidate.Next()
if !existCandidate {
return votes, errors.New("no candidates")
}
for _, signer := range signers {
snap.Signers[signer] = struct{}{}
for existCandidate {
candidate := iterCandidate.Value
candidateAddr := common.BytesToAddress(candidate)
delegateIterator := trie.NewIterator(delegateTrie.PrefixIterator(candidate))
existDelegator := delegateIterator.Next()
if !existDelegator {
votes[candidateAddr] = new(big.Int)
existCandidate = iterCandidate.Next()
continue
}
for existDelegator {
delegator := delegateIterator.Value
score, ok := votes[candidateAddr]
if !ok {
score = new(big.Int)
}
delegatorAddr := common.BytesToAddress(delegator)
weight := statedb.GetBalance(delegatorAddr)
score.Add(score, weight)
votes[candidateAddr] = score
existDelegator = delegateIterator.Next()
}
existCandidate = iterCandidate.Next()
}
return snap
return votes, nil
}
// loadSnapshot loads an existing snapshot from the database.
func loadSnapshot(config *params.CliqueConfig, sigcache *lru.ARCCache, db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash) (*Snapshot, error) {
blob, err := db.Get(append([]byte("clique-"), hash[:]...))
func (ec *EpochContext) kickoutValidator(epoch int64) error {
validators, err := ec.Context.GetValidators()
var epochDuration int64
var blockInterval int64
var maxValidatorSize int64
if err != nil {
return nil, err
return fmt.Errorf("failed to get validator: %s", err)
}
snap := new(Snapshot)
if err := json.Unmarshal(blob, snap); err != nil {
return nil, err
if len(validators) == 0 {
return errors.New("no validator could be kickout")
}
snap.config = config
snap.sigcache = sigcache
return snap, nil
epochDuration = ec.Context.GetEpochInterval()
// First epoch duration may lt epoch interval,
// while the first block time wouldn't always align with epoch interval,
// so caculate the first epoch duartion with first block time instead of epoch interval,
// prevent the validators were kickout incorrectly.
if ec.TimeStamp-timeOfFirstBlock < epochDuration {
epochDuration = ec.TimeStamp - timeOfFirstBlock
}
blockInterval = ec.Context.GetPeriodBlock()
maxValidatorSize = ec.Context.GetMaxValidators()
needKickoutValidators := sortableAddresses{}
for _, validator := range validators {
key := make([]byte, 8)
binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(key, uint64(epoch))
key = append(key, validator.Bytes()...)
cnt := int64(0)
if cntBytes := ec.Context.MintCntTrie().Get(key); cntBytes != nil {
cnt = int64(binary.BigEndian.Uint64(cntBytes))
}
if cnt < epochDuration/blockInterval/ maxValidatorSize /2 {
// not active validators need kickout
needKickoutValidators = append(needKickoutValidators, &sortableAddress{validator, big.NewInt(cnt)})
}
}
// no validators need kickout
needKickoutValidatorCnt := len(needKickoutValidators)
if needKickoutValidatorCnt <= 0 {
return nil
}
sort.Sort(sort.Reverse(needKickoutValidators))
candidateCount := 0
iter := trie.NewIterator(ec.Context.CandidateTrie().NodeIterator(nil))
for iter.Next() {
candidateCount++
if candidateCount >= needKickoutValidatorCnt+safeSize {
break
}
}
for i, validator := range needKickoutValidators {
// ensure candidate count greater than or equal to safeSize
if candidateCount <= safeSize {
log.Info("No more candidate can be kickout", "prevEpochID", epoch, "candidateCount", candidateCount, "needKickoutCount", len(needKickoutValidators)-i)
return nil
}
if err := ec.Context.KickoutCandidate(validator.address); err != nil {
return err
}
// if kickout success, candidateCount minus 1
candidateCount--
log.Info("Kickout candidate", "prevEpochID", epoch, "candidate", validator.address.String(), "mintCnt", validator.weight.String())
}
return nil
}
// store inserts the snapshot into the database.
func (s *Snapshot) store(db ethdb.Database) error {
blob, err := json.Marshal(s)
func (ec *EpochContext) lookupValidator(now int64) (validator common.Address, err error) {
validator = common.Address{}
offset := now % ec.Context.GetEpochInterval()
if offset%ec.Context.GetPeriodBlock() != 0 {
return common.Address{}, ErrInvalidMintBlockTime
}
offset /= ec.Context.GetPeriodBlock()
validators, err := ec.Context.GetValidators()
if err != nil {
return err
return common.Address{}, err
}
return db.Put(append([]byte("clique-"), s.Hash[:]...), blob)
validatorSize := len(validators)
if validatorSize == 0 {
return common.Address{}, errors.New("failed to lookup validator")
}
offset %= int64(validatorSize)
return validators[offset], nil
}
// Changed LCP context constants to vars from the tries
func (ec *EpochContext) tryElect(genesis, parent *types.Header) error {
genesisEpoch := genesis.Time.Int64() / ec.Context.GetEpochInterval()
prevEpoch := parent.Time.Int64() / ec.Context.GetEpochInterval()
currentEpoch := ec.TimeStamp / ec.Context.GetEpochInterval()
safeSize:= int(ec.Context.GetMaxValidators()*2/3 + 1)
// copy creates a deep copy of the snapshot, though not the individual votes.
func (s *Snapshot) copy() *Snapshot {
cpy := &Snapshot{
config: s.config,
sigcache: s.sigcache,
Number: s.Number,
Hash: s.Hash,
Signers: make(map[common.Address]struct{}),
Recents: make(map[uint64]common.Address),
Votes: make([]*Vote, len(s.Votes)),
Tally: make(map[common.Address]Tally),
prevEpochIsGenesis := prevEpoch == genesisEpoch
if prevEpochIsGenesis && prevEpoch < currentEpoch {
prevEpoch = currentEpoch - 1
}
for signer := range s.Signers {
cpy.Signers[signer] = struct{}{}
}
for block, signer := range s.Recents {
cpy.Recents[block] = signer
}
for address, tally := range s.Tally {
cpy.Tally[address] = tally
}
copy(cpy.Votes, s.Votes)
return cpy
}
// validVote returns whether it makes sense to cast the specified vote in the
// given snapshot context (e.g. don't try to add an already authorized signer).
func (s *Snapshot) validVote(address common.Address, authorize bool) bool {
_, signer := s.Signers[address]
return (signer && !authorize) || (!signer && authorize)
}
// cast adds a new vote into the tally.
func (s *Snapshot) cast(address common.Address, authorize bool) bool {
// Ensure the vote is meaningful
if !s.validVote(address, authorize) {
return false
}
// Cast the vote into an existing or new tally
if old, ok := s.Tally[address]; ok {
old.Votes++
s.Tally[address] = old
} else {
s.Tally[address] = Tally{Authorize: authorize, Votes: 1}
}
return true
}
// uncast removes a previously cast vote from the tally.
func (s *Snapshot) uncast(address common.Address, authorize bool) bool {
// If there's no tally, it's a dangling vote, just drop
tally, ok := s.Tally[address]
if !ok {
return false
}
// Ensure we only revert counted votes
if tally.Authorize != authorize {
return false
}
// Otherwise revert the vote
if tally.Votes > 1 {
tally.Votes--
s.Tally[address] = tally
} else {
delete(s.Tally, address)
}
return true
}
// apply creates a new authorization snapshot by applying the given headers to
// the original one.
func (s *Snapshot) apply(headers []*types.Header) (*Snapshot, error) {
// Allow passing in no headers for cleaner code
if len(headers) == 0 {
return s, nil
}
// Sanity check that the headers can be applied
for i := 0; i < len(headers)-1; i++ {
if headers[i+1].Number.Uint64() != headers[i].Number.Uint64()+1 {
return nil, errInvalidVotingChain
prevEpochBytes := make([]byte, 8)
binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(prevEpochBytes, uint64(prevEpoch))
iter := trie.NewIterator(ec.Context.MintCntTrie().PrefixIterator(prevEpochBytes))
for i := prevEpoch; i < currentEpoch; i++ {
// if prevEpoch is not genesis, kickout not active candidate
if !prevEpochIsGenesis && iter.Next() {
if err := ec.kickoutValidator(prevEpoch); err != nil {
return err
}
}
}
if headers[0].Number.Uint64() != s.Number+1 {
return nil, errInvalidVotingChain
}
// Iterate through the headers and create a new snapshot
snap := s.copy()
for _, header := range headers {
// Remove any votes on checkpoint blocks
number := header.Number.Uint64()
if number%s.config.Epoch == 0 {
snap.Votes = nil
snap.Tally = make(map[common.Address]Tally)
}
// Delete the oldest signer from the recent list to allow it signing again
if limit := uint64(len(snap.Signers)/2 + 1); number >= limit {
delete(snap.Recents, number-limit)
}
// Resolve the authorization key and check against signers
signer, err := ecrecover(header, s.sigcache)
votes, err := ec.countVotes()
if err != nil {
return nil, err
return err
}
if _, ok := snap.Signers[signer]; !ok {
return nil, errUnauthorized
candidates := sortableAddresses{}
for candidate, cnt := range votes {
candidates = append(candidates, &sortableAddress{candidate, cnt})
}
for _, recent := range snap.Recents {
if recent == signer {
return nil, errUnauthorized
}
if len(candidates) < safeSize {
return errors.New("too few candidates")
}
sort.Sort(candidates)
if len(candidates) > int(ec.Context.GetMaxValidators()) {
candidates = candidates[:ec.Context.GetMaxValidators()]
}
snap.Recents[number] = signer
// Header authorized, discard any previous votes from the signer
for i, vote := range snap.Votes {
if vote.Signer == signer && vote.Address == header.Coinbase {
// Uncast the vote from the cached tally
snap.uncast(vote.Address, vote.Authorize)
// Uncast the vote from the chronological list
snap.Votes = append(snap.Votes[:i], snap.Votes[i+1:]...)
break // only one vote allowed
}
// shuffle candidates
seed := int64(binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(crypto.Keccak512(parent.Hash().Bytes()))) + i
r := rand.New(rand.NewSource(seed))
for i := len(candidates) - 1; i > 0; i-- {
j := int(r.Int31n(int32(i + 1)))
candidates[i], candidates[j] = candidates[j], candidates[i]
}
// Tally up the new vote from the signer
var authorize bool
switch {
case bytes.Equal(header.Nonce[:], nonceAuthVote):
authorize = true
case bytes.Equal(header.Nonce[:], nonceDropVote):
authorize = false
default:
return nil, errInvalidVote
sortedValidators := make([]common.Address, 0)
for _, candidate := range candidates {
sortedValidators = append(sortedValidators, candidate.address)
}
if snap.cast(header.Coinbase, authorize) {
snap.Votes = append(snap.Votes, &Vote{
Signer: signer,
Block: number,
Address: header.Coinbase,
Authorize: authorize,
})
}
// If the vote passed, update the list of signers
if tally := snap.Tally[header.Coinbase]; tally.Votes > len(snap.Signers)/2 {
if tally.Authorize {
snap.Signers[header.Coinbase] = struct{}{}
} else {
delete(snap.Signers, header.Coinbase)
// Signer list shrunk, delete any leftover recent caches
if limit := uint64(len(snap.Signers)/2 + 1); number >= limit {
delete(snap.Recents, number-limit)
}
// Discard any previous votes the deauthorized signer cast
for i := 0; i < len(snap.Votes); i++ {
if snap.Votes[i].Signer == header.Coinbase {
// Uncast the vote from the cached tally
snap.uncast(snap.Votes[i].Address, snap.Votes[i].Authorize)
// Uncast the vote from the chronological list
snap.Votes = append(snap.Votes[:i], snap.Votes[i+1:]...)
i--
}
}
}
// Discard any previous votes around the just changed account
for i := 0; i < len(snap.Votes); i++ {
if snap.Votes[i].Address == header.Coinbase {
snap.Votes = append(snap.Votes[:i], snap.Votes[i+1:]...)
i--
}
}
delete(snap.Tally, header.Coinbase)
}
epochTrie, _ := types.NewEpochTrie(common.Hash{}, ec.Context.DB())
ec.Context.SetEpoch(epochTrie)
ec.Context.SetValidators(sortedValidators)
log.Info("Come to new epoch", "prevEpoch", i, "nextEpoch", i+1)
}
snap.Number += uint64(len(headers))
snap.Hash = headers[len(headers)-1].Hash()
return snap, nil
return nil
}
// signers retrieves the list of authorized signers in ascending order.
func (s *Snapshot) signers() []common.Address {
sigs := make([]common.Address, 0, len(s.Signers))
for sig := range s.Signers {
sigs = append(sigs, sig)
}
sort.Sort(signers(sigs))
return sigs
type sortableAddress struct {
address common.Address
weight *big.Int
}
type sortableAddresses []*sortableAddress
// inturn returns if a signer at a given block height is in-turn or not.
func (s *Snapshot) inturn(number uint64, signer common.Address) bool {
signers, offset := s.signers(), 0
for offset < len(signers) && signers[offset] != signer {
offset++
func (p sortableAddresses) Swap(i, j int) { p[i], p[j] = p[j], p[i] }
func (p sortableAddresses) Len() int { return len(p) }
func (p sortableAddresses) Less(i, j int) bool {
if p[i].weight.Cmp(p[j].weight) < 0 {
return false
} else if p[i].weight.Cmp(p[j].weight) > 0 {
return true
} else {
return p[i].address.String() < p[j].address.String()
}
return (number % uint64(len(signers))) == uint64(offset)
}

980
consensus/lcp/lcp.go
View file

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load diff

2
core/genesis.go
View file

@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ func initGenesisLCPContext(g *Genesis, db ethdb.Database) *types.LCPContext {
}
}
if g.Config != nil && g.Config.LCP != nil && g.Config.LCP.Period != 0 {
dc.SetPeriod(g.Config.LCP.Period)
dc.SetPeriodBlock(g.Config.LCP.Period)
}
if g.Config != nil && g.Config.LCP != nil && g.Config.LCP.MaxValidators != 0 {
dc.SetMaxValidators(g.Config.LCP.MaxValidators)

13
core/types/block.go
View file

@ -259,9 +259,9 @@ func CopyHeader(h *Header) *Header {
copy(cpy.Extra, h.Extra)
}
// add dposContextProto to header
cpy.DposContext = &DposContextProto{}
if h.DposContext != nil {
cpy.DposContext = h.DposContext
cpy.LCPContext = &LCPContextProto{}
if h.LCPContext != nil {
cpy.LCPContext = h.LCPContext
}
return &cpy
}
@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ func (b *Block) WithSeal(header *Header) *Block {
transactions: b.transactions,
uncles: b.uncles,
// add dposcontext
DposContext: b.DposContext,
LCPContext: b.LCPContext,
}
}
@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ func (h *Header) String() string {
Root: %x
TxSha %x
ReceiptSha: %x
DposContext: %x
LCPContext: %x
Bloom: %x
Difficulty: %v
Number: %v
@ -435,7 +435,8 @@ func (h *Header) String() string {
Extra: %s
MixDigest: %x
Nonce: %x
]`, h.Hash(), h.ParentHash, h.UncleHash, h.Validator, h.Coinbase, h.Root, h.TxHash, h.ReceiptHash, h.DposContext, h.Bloom, h.Difficulty, h.Number, h.GasLimit, h.GasUsed, h.Time, h.Extra, h.MixDigest, h.Nonce)
]`, h.Hash(), h.ParentHash, h.UncleHash, h.Validator, h.Coinbase, h.Root, h.TxHash, h.ReceiptHash, h.LCPContext, h.Bloom, h.Difficulty, h.Number, h.GasLimit, h.GasUsed, h.Time, h.Extra, h.MixDigest, h.Nonce)
}
type Blocks []*Block

6
core/types/lcp_context_test.go
View file

@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ package types
import (
"testing"
"github.com/meitu/go-ethereum/common"
"github.com/meitu/go-ethereum/ethdb"
"github.com/meitu/go-ethereum/trie"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/common"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/ethdb"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/trie"
"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
)

35
params/config.go
View file

@ -41,9 +41,9 @@ var (
EIP158Block: big.NewInt(0),
ByzantiumBlock: big.NewInt(0),
LCP: &LcpConfig{1, 30000, nil,nil},
LCP: &LcpConfig{1, 30000, 3,nil},
}
TestChainConfig = &ChainConfig{big.NewInt(1), big.NewInt(0), nil, false, big.NewInt(0), common.Hash{}, big.NewInt(0), big.NewInt(0), big.NewInt(0), nil, new(EthashConfig), nil, &LcpConfig{1,3000,nil,nil}}
TestChainConfig = &ChainConfig{big.NewInt(1), big.NewInt(0), nil, false, big.NewInt(0), common.Hash{}, big.NewInt(0), big.NewInt(0), big.NewInt(0), nil, &LcpConfig{1,3000,3,nil}}
TestRules = TestChainConfig.Rules(new(big.Int))
)
@ -71,35 +71,14 @@ type ChainConfig struct {
ConstantinopleBlock *big.Int `json:"constantinopleBlock,omitempty"` // Constantinople switch block (nil = no fork, 0 = already activated)
// Various consensus engines
Ethash *EthashConfig `json:"ethash,omitempty"`
Clique *CliqueConfig `json:"clique,omitempty"`
LCP *LcpConfig `json:"LCP,omitempty"`
}
// EthashConfig is the consensus engine configs for proof-of-work based sealing.
type EthashConfig struct{}
// String implements the stringer interface, returning the consensus engine details.
func (c *EthashConfig) String() string {
return "ethash"
}
// CliqueConfig is the consensus engine configs for proof-of-authority based sealing.
type CliqueConfig struct {
Period uint64 `json:"period"` // Number of seconds between blocks to enforce
Epoch uint64 `json:"epoch"` // Epoch length to reset votes and checkpoint
}
// String implements the stringer interface, returning the consensus engine details.
func (c *CliqueConfig) String() string {
return "clique"
}
// LCP is the consensus engine.
type LcpConfig struct {
Period uint64 `json:"period"` // Number of seconds between blocks to enforce
Epoch uint64 `json:"epoch"` // Epoch length to reset votes and checkpoint
MaxValidators uint64 `json:"MaxValidators"`
Period int64 `json:"period"` // Number of seconds between blocks to enforce
EpochInterval int64 `json:"epoch"` // Epoch length to reset votes and checkpoint
MaxValidators int64 `json:"MaxValidators"`
Validators []common.Address `json:"validators"`
}
@ -112,10 +91,6 @@ func (c *LcpConfig) String() string {
func (c *ChainConfig) String() string {
var engine interface{}
switch {
case c.Ethash != nil:
engine = c.Ethash
case c.Clique != nil:
engine = c.Clique
case c.LCP !=nil:
engine = c.LCP
default:

22
trie/database.go
View file

@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ import (
"sync"
"time"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/metrics"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/common"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/ethdb"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/log"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/metrics"
"github.com/pavelkrolevets/go-ethereum/rlp"
)
var (
@ -57,12 +57,20 @@ type DatabaseReader interface {
// Has retrieves whether a key is present in the database.
Has(key []byte) (bool, error)
}
// DatabaseWriter wraps the Put method of a backing store for the trie.
type DatabaseWriter interface {
// Put stores the mapping key->value in the database.
// Implementations must not hold onto the value bytes, the trie
// will reuse the slice across calls to Put.
Put(key, value []byte) error
}
// Database is an intermediate write layer between the trie data structures and
// the disk database. The aim is to accumulate trie writes in-memory and only
// periodically flush a couple tries to disk, garbage collecting the remainder.
type Database struct {
diskdb ethdb.Database // Persistent storage for matured trie nodes
nodes map[common.Hash]*cachedNode // Data and references relationships of a node
oldest common.Hash // Oldest tracked node, flush-list head
newest common.Hash // Newest tracked node, flush-list tail
@ -274,6 +282,10 @@ func NewDatabase(diskdb ethdb.Database) *Database {
func (db *Database) DiskDB() DatabaseReader {
return db.diskdb
}
// DiskDBwrite writes the persistent storage backing the trie database.
func (db *Database) DiskDBwrite() DatabaseWriter {
return db.diskdb
}
// InsertBlob writes a new reference tracked blob to the memory database if it's
// yet unknown. This method should only be used for non-trie nodes that require

2
trie/trie.go
View file

@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ func New(root common.Hash, db *Database) (*Trie, error) {
return trie, nil
}
// Creates trie with prefix for dpos content
// Creates trie with prefix for LCP content
func NewTrieWithPrefix(root common.Hash, prefix []byte, db *Database) (*Trie, error) {
trie, err := New(root, db)
if err != nil {