diff --git a/.github/dependabot.yml b/.github/dependabot.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5ace4600a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/dependabot.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+version: 2
+updates:
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
diff --git a/.github/workflows/bump_version.yml b/.github/workflows/bump_version.yml
index 61c4e85bd7..c0b21ab156 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/bump_version.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/bump_version.yml
@@ -14,11 +14,19 @@ jobs:
   try-to-bump:
     if: contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'bump-version')
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      # Give the default GITHUB_TOKEN write permission to commit and push the
+      # added or changed files to the repository.
+      contents: write
+
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           ref: ${{ github.head_ref }}
+          # note: this is needed by git-auto-commit-action below
+          persist-credentials: true
+
       - name: check diff
         id: check_diff
         run: |
@@ -27,7 +35,7 @@ jobs:
           # fetch develop branch so that we can diff against later
           git fetch origin develop
 
-          echo 'checking verion changes in diff...'
+          echo 'checking version changes in diff...'
 
           # check if version changed in version.go
           # note: the grep will fail if use \d instead of [0-9]
@@ -45,17 +53,19 @@ jobs:
             echo '> yes'
             echo "result=bump" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
           fi
+
       - name: Install Node.js 16
         if: steps.check_diff.outputs.result == 'bump'
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
         with:
           node-version: 16
+
       - name: bump version in params/version.go
         if: steps.check_diff.outputs.result == 'bump'
         run: node .github/scripts/bump_version_dot_go.mjs
 
         # Commits made by this Action do not trigger new Workflow runs
-      - uses: stefanzweifel/git-auto-commit-action@3ea6ae190baf489ba007f7c92608f33ce20ef04a
+      - uses: stefanzweifel/git-auto-commit-action@e348103e9026cc0eee72ae06630dbe30c8bf7a79 # v5.1.0
         if: steps.check_diff.outputs.result == 'bump'
         with:
           skip_fetch: true # already did fetch in check diff
diff --git a/.github/workflows/docker-arm64.yaml b/.github/workflows/docker-arm64.yaml
index 5e68adfb05..00127188fa 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/docker-arm64.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/docker-arm64.yaml
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ on:
 jobs:
   build-and-push-arm64-image:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions: {}
+
     strategy:
       matrix:
         arch:
@@ -18,21 +20,29 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
       - name: Set up QEMU
         run: |
           docker run --rm --privileged multiarch/qemu-user-static --reset -p yes
           docker buildx create --name multiarch --driver docker-container --use
+
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
         id: buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v2
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@b5ca514318bd6ebac0fb2aedd5d36ec1b5c232a2 # v3.10.0
+        with:
+          cache-binary: false
+
       - name: Login to Docker Hub
-        uses: docker/login-action@v2
+        uses: docker/login-action@74a5d142397b4f367a81961eba4e8cd7edddf772 #v3.4.0
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
+
       - name: Build docker image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v2
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@471d1dc4e07e5cdedd4c2171150001c434f0b7a4 # v6.15.0
         with:
           platforms: linux/arm64
           context: .
diff --git a/.github/workflows/docker.yaml b/.github/workflows/docker.yaml
index 64c415b6f3..c76bdda76a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/docker.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/docker.yaml
@@ -10,16 +10,25 @@ on:
 jobs:
   build-and-push:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions: {}
+
     steps:
     - name: Checkout code
-      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+
     - name: Set up QEMU
-      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
+      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@29109295f81e9208d7d86ff1c6c12d2833863392 # v3.6.0
+
     - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-      uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v2
+      uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@b5ca514318bd6ebac0fb2aedd5d36ec1b5c232a2 # v3.10.0
+      with:
+        cache-binary: false
+
     - name: Extract docker metadata
       id: meta
-      uses: docker/metadata-action@v3
+      uses: docker/metadata-action@902fa8ec7d6ecbf8d84d538b9b233a880e428804 # v5.7.0
       with:
         images: scrolltech/l2geth
         tags: |
@@ -27,13 +36,15 @@ jobs:
           type=raw,value=latest,enable=${{ github.event_name == 'release' }}
         flavor: |
           latest=false
+
     - name: Login to Docker Hub
-      uses: docker/login-action@v2
+      uses: docker/login-action@74a5d142397b4f367a81961eba4e8cd7edddf772 #v3.4.0
       with:
         username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
         password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
+
     - name: Build docker image
-      uses: docker/build-push-action@v2
+      uses: docker/build-push-action@471d1dc4e07e5cdedd4c2171150001c434f0b7a4 # v6.15.0
       with:
         context: .
         file: Dockerfile
diff --git a/.github/workflows/l2geth_ci.yml b/.github/workflows/l2geth_ci.yml
index d196128a69..da1f73c058 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/l2geth_ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/l2geth_ci.yml
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+name: CI
+
 on:
   push:
     branches: # we keep this to avoid triggering `push` & `pull_request` every time we update a PR
@@ -11,104 +13,144 @@ on:
       - reopened
       - synchronize
       - ready_for_review
-name: CI
+
 jobs:
   build-mock-ccc-geth: # build geth with mock circuit capacity checker
     if: github.event.pull_request.draft == false
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions: {}
     steps:
     - name: Install Go
-      uses: actions/setup-go@v2
+      uses: actions/setup-go@v5
       with:
         go-version: 1.21.x
+
     - name: Checkout code
-      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+
     - name: Build
       run: |
         make nccc_geth
+
   build-geth: # build geth with circuit capacity checker
     if: github.event_name == 'push' # will only be triggered when pushing to main & staging & develop & alpha
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions: {}
     steps:
     - name: Install Go
-      uses: actions/setup-go@v2
+      uses: actions/setup-go@v5
       with:
         go-version: 1.21.x
+
     - name: Install rust
-      uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
+      uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@9399c7bb15d4c7d47b27263d024f0a4978346ba4 # v1.11.0
       with:
         toolchain: nightly-2023-12-03
         override: true
         components: rustfmt, clippy
+
     - name: Checkout code
-      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+
     - name: Build
       run: |
         make libzkp
         sudo cp ./rollup/ccc/libzkp/libzkp.so /usr/local/lib/
         make geth
+
   check:
     if: github.event.pull_request.draft == false
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions: {}
     steps:
     - name: Install Go
-      uses: actions/setup-go@v2
+      uses: actions/setup-go@v5
       with:
         go-version: 1.21.x
+
     - name: Checkout code
-      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+
     - name: Lint
       run: |
         rm -rf $HOME/.cache/golangci-lint
         make lint
+
   goimports-lint:
     if: github.event.pull_request.draft == false
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions: {}
     steps:
     - name: Install Go
-      uses: actions/setup-go@v2
+      uses: actions/setup-go@v5
       with:
         go-version: 1.18.x
+
     - name: Install goimports
       run: go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/goimports@v0.24.0
+
     - name: Checkout code
-      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+
     - run: goimports -local github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/ -w .
+
     # If there are any diffs from goimports, fail.
     - name: Verify no changes from goimports
       run: |
         if [ -n "$(git status --porcelain)" ]; then
           exit 1
         fi
+
   go-mod-tidy-lint:
     if: github.event.pull_request.draft == false
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions: {}
     steps:
     - name: Install Go
-      uses: actions/setup-go@v2
+      uses: actions/setup-go@v5
       with:
         go-version: 1.21.x
+
     - name: Checkout code
-      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+
     - run: go mod tidy
+
     # If there are any diffs from go mod tidy, fail.
     - name: Verify no changes from go mod tidy
       run: |
         if [ -n "$(git status --porcelain)" ]; then
           exit 1
         fi
+
   test:
     if: github.event.pull_request.draft == false
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions: {}
     steps:
     - name: Install Go
-      uses: actions/setup-go@v2
+      uses: actions/setup-go@v5
       with:
         go-version: 1.21.x
+
     - name: Checkout code
-      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+
     - name: Test
       run: |
         make test
+
     - name: Upload coverage report
       run: bash <(curl -s https://codecov.io/bash)
diff --git a/.github/workflows/semgrep.yml b/.github/workflows/semgrep.yml
index 6d7663154a..8b3f139d47 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/semgrep.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/semgrep.yml
@@ -14,11 +14,14 @@ name: Semgrep
 jobs:
   semgrep:
     name: semgrep/ci
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    permissions: {}
     env:
       SEMGREP_APP_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SEMGREP_APP_TOKEN }}
     container:
       image: returntocorp/semgrep
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
     - run: semgrep ci
diff --git a/.github/workflows/zizmor.yml b/.github/workflows/zizmor.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..689f2e66ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/zizmor.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+name: zizmor GA Security Analysis
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: ["develop"]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: ["**"]
+
+jobs:
+  zizmor:
+    name: zizmor
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      security-events: write
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Install the latest version of uv
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@f94ec6bedd8674c4426838e6b50417d36b6ab231 # v5.3.1
+
+      - name: Run zizmor
+        run: uvx zizmor --format sarif . > results.sarif
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+      - name: Upload SARIF file
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@v3
+        with:
+          sarif_file: results.sarif
+          category: zizmor
diff --git a/cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool/execution.go b/cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool/execution.go
index 393129a3ac..922d10648e 100644
--- a/cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool/execution.go
+++ b/cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool/execution.go
@@ -152,6 +152,15 @@ func (pre *Prestate) Apply(vmConfig vm.Config, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig,
 	if chainConfig.CurieBlock != nil && chainConfig.CurieBlock.Cmp(new(big.Int).SetUint64(pre.Env.Number)) == 0 {
 		misc.ApplyCurieHardFork(statedb)
 	}
+	// Apply EIP-2935
+	if pre.Env.BlockHashes != nil && chainConfig.IsFeynman(pre.Env.Timestamp) {
+		var (
+			prevNumber = pre.Env.Number - 1
+			prevHash   = pre.Env.BlockHashes[math.HexOrDecimal64(prevNumber)]
+			evm        = vm.NewEVM(vmContext, vm.TxContext{}, statedb, chainConfig, vmConfig)
+		)
+		core.ProcessParentBlockHash(prevHash, evm, statedb)
+	}
 
 	for i, tx := range txs {
 		msg, err := tx.AsMessage(signer, pre.Env.BaseFee)
diff --git a/cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool/transaction.go b/cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool/transaction.go
index 1a1535a875..d7a8002f61 100644
--- a/cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool/transaction.go
+++ b/cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool/transaction.go
@@ -140,15 +140,29 @@ func Transaction(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 			r.Address = sender
 		}
 		// Check intrinsic gas
-		if gas, err := core.IntrinsicGas(tx.Data(), tx.AccessList(), tx.SetCodeAuthorizations(), tx.To() == nil,
-			chainConfig.IsHomestead(new(big.Int)), chainConfig.IsIstanbul(new(big.Int)), chainConfig.IsShanghai(new(big.Int))); err != nil {
+		rules := chainConfig.Rules(common.Big0, 0)
+		gas, err := core.IntrinsicGas(tx.Data(), tx.AccessList(), tx.SetCodeAuthorizations(), tx.To() == nil, rules.IsHomestead, rules.IsIstanbul, rules.IsShanghai)
+		if err != nil {
 			r.Error = err
 			results = append(results, r)
 			continue
-		} else {
-			r.IntrinsicGas = gas
-			if tx.Gas() < gas {
-				r.Error = fmt.Errorf("%w: have %d, want %d", core.ErrIntrinsicGas, tx.Gas(), gas)
+		}
+		r.IntrinsicGas = gas
+		if tx.Gas() < gas {
+			r.Error = fmt.Errorf("%w: have %d, want %d", core.ErrIntrinsicGas, tx.Gas(), gas)
+			results = append(results, r)
+			continue
+		}
+		// For Feynman txs, validate the floor data gas.
+		if rules.IsFeynman {
+			floorDataGas, err := core.FloorDataGas(tx.Data())
+			if err != nil {
+				r.Error = err
+				results = append(results, r)
+				continue
+			}
+			if tx.Gas() < floorDataGas {
+				r.Error = fmt.Errorf("%w: have %d, want %d", core.ErrFloorDataGas, tx.Gas(), floorDataGas)
 				results = append(results, r)
 				continue
 			}
diff --git a/cmd/geth/main.go b/cmd/geth/main.go
index b1b1e92642..c1fbb08746 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/main.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/main.go
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/accounts/keystore"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/cmd/utils"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/consensus/misc"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/console/prompt"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/eth"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/eth/downloader"
@@ -133,6 +134,7 @@ var (
 		utils.MinerNoVerifyFlag,
 		utils.MinerStoreSkippedTxTracesFlag,
 		utils.MinerMaxAccountsNumFlag,
+		utils.MinerAllowEmptyFlag,
 		utils.NATFlag,
 		utils.NoDiscoverFlag,
 		utils.DiscoveryV5Flag,
@@ -452,8 +454,9 @@ func startNode(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node, backend ethapi.Backend) {
 			utils.Fatalf("Ethereum service not running")
 		}
 		// Set the gas price to the limits from the CLI and start mining
-		gasprice := utils.GlobalBig(ctx, utils.MinerGasPriceFlag.Name)
-		ethBackend.TxPool().SetGasPrice(gasprice)
+		// gasprice := utils.GlobalBig(ctx, utils.MinerGasPriceFlag.Name)
+		// ethBackend.TxPool().SetGasPrice(gasprice)
+		ethBackend.TxPool().SetGasPrice(misc.MinBaseFee()) // override configured min gas price
 		ethBackend.TxPool().SetIsMiner(true)
 		// start mining
 		threads := ctx.GlobalInt(utils.MinerThreadsFlag.Name)
diff --git a/cmd/geth/usage.go b/cmd/geth/usage.go
index 0e1fce891a..1d299d339f 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/usage.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/usage.go
@@ -161,6 +161,7 @@ var AppHelpFlagGroups = []flags.FlagGroup{
 			utils.RPCGlobalEVMTimeoutFlag,
 			utils.RPCGlobalTxFeeCapFlag,
 			utils.AllowUnprotectedTxs,
+			utils.MaxBlockRangeFlag,
 			utils.JSpathFlag,
 			utils.ExecFlag,
 			utils.PreloadJSFlag,
@@ -197,6 +198,7 @@ var AppHelpFlagGroups = []flags.FlagGroup{
 			utils.MinerNoVerifyFlag,
 			utils.MinerStoreSkippedTxTracesFlag,
 			utils.MinerMaxAccountsNumFlag,
+			utils.MinerAllowEmptyFlag,
 		},
 	},
 	{
@@ -226,6 +228,28 @@ var AppHelpFlagGroups = []flags.FlagGroup{
 		Name:  "METRICS AND STATS",
 		Flags: metricsFlags,
 	},
+	{
+		Name: "ROLLUP",
+		Flags: []cli.Flag{
+			utils.L1EndpointFlag,
+			utils.L1ConfirmationsFlag,
+			utils.L1DeploymentBlockFlag,
+			utils.L1DisableMessageQueueV2Flag,
+			utils.RollupVerifyEnabledFlag,
+			utils.DASyncEnabledFlag,
+			utils.DABlobScanAPIEndpointFlag,
+			utils.DABlockNativeAPIEndpointFlag,
+			utils.DABeaconNodeAPIEndpointFlag,
+			utils.DARecoveryModeFlag,
+			utils.DARecoveryInitialL1BlockFlag,
+			utils.DARecoveryInitialBatchFlag,
+			utils.DARecoverySignBlocksFlag,
+			utils.DARecoveryL2EndBlockFlag,
+			utils.DARecoveryProduceBlocksFlag,
+			utils.CircuitCapacityCheckEnabledFlag,
+			utils.CircuitCapacityCheckWorkersFlag,
+		},
+	},
 	{
 		Name: "ALIASED (deprecated)",
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
diff --git a/cmd/utils/flags.go b/cmd/utils/flags.go
index 8d8bdf6773..7371a37700 100644
--- a/cmd/utils/flags.go
+++ b/cmd/utils/flags.go
@@ -515,6 +515,10 @@ var (
 		Usage: "Maximum number of accounts that miner will fetch the pending transactions of when building a new block",
 		Value: math.MaxInt,
 	}
+	MinerAllowEmptyFlag = cli.BoolFlag{
+		Name:  "miner.allowempty",
+		Usage: "Allow sealing empty blocks",
+	}
 	// Account settings
 	UnlockedAccountFlag = cli.StringFlag{
 		Name:  "unlock",
@@ -1620,6 +1624,9 @@ func setMiner(ctx *cli.Context, cfg *miner.Config) {
 	if ctx.GlobalIsSet(MinerMaxAccountsNumFlag.Name) {
 		cfg.MaxAccountsNum = ctx.GlobalInt(MinerMaxAccountsNumFlag.Name)
 	}
+	if ctx.GlobalIsSet(MinerAllowEmptyFlag.Name) {
+		cfg.AllowEmpty = ctx.GlobalBool(MinerAllowEmptyFlag.Name)
+	}
 	if ctx.GlobalIsSet(LegacyMinerGasTargetFlag.Name) {
 		log.Warn("The generic --miner.gastarget flag is deprecated and will be removed in the future!")
 	}
diff --git a/common/bytes.go b/common/bytes.go
index 7827bb572e..ae45aa18c6 100644
--- a/common/bytes.go
+++ b/common/bytes.go
@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@ package common
 
 import (
 	"encoding/hex"
+	"errors"
+
+	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
 )
 
 // FromHex returns the bytes represented by the hexadecimal string s.
@@ -92,6 +95,15 @@ func Hex2BytesFixed(str string, flen int) []byte {
 	return hh
 }
 
+// ParseHexOrString tries to hexdecode b, but if the prefix is missing, it instead just returns the raw bytes
+func ParseHexOrString(str string) ([]byte, error) {
+	b, err := hexutil.Decode(str)
+	if errors.Is(err, hexutil.ErrMissingPrefix) {
+		return []byte(str), nil
+	}
+	return b, err
+}
+
 // RightPadBytes zero-pads slice to the right up to length l.
 func RightPadBytes(slice []byte, l int) []byte {
 	if l <= len(slice) {
diff --git a/consensus/clique/clique.go b/consensus/clique/clique.go
index 68fadec813..8a4c8bda4a 100644
--- a/consensus/clique/clique.go
+++ b/consensus/clique/clique.go
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ func (c *Clique) VerifyHeader(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header *types.H
 // VerifyHeaders is similar to VerifyHeader, but verifies a batch of headers. The
 // method returns a quit channel to abort the operations and a results channel to
 // retrieve the async verifications (the order is that of the input slice).
-func (c *Clique) VerifyHeaders(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, headers []*types.Header, seals []bool) (chan<- struct{}, <-chan error) {
+func (c *Clique) VerifyHeaders(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, headers []*types.Header, seals []bool, parent *types.Header) (chan<- struct{}, <-chan error) {
 	abort := make(chan struct{})
 	results := make(chan error, len(headers))
 
diff --git a/consensus/consensus.go b/consensus/consensus.go
index 6416460684..5ed80dff4d 100644
--- a/consensus/consensus.go
+++ b/consensus/consensus.go
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ type Engine interface {
 	// concurrently. The method returns a quit channel to abort the operations and
 	// a results channel to retrieve the async verifications (the order is that of
 	// the input slice).
-	VerifyHeaders(chain ChainHeaderReader, headers []*types.Header, seals []bool) (chan<- struct{}, <-chan error)
+	VerifyHeaders(chain ChainHeaderReader, headers []*types.Header, seals []bool, parent *types.Header) (chan<- struct{}, <-chan error)
 
 	// VerifyUncles verifies that the given block's uncles conform to the consensus
 	// rules of a given engine.
diff --git a/consensus/ethash/consensus.go b/consensus/ethash/consensus.go
index a24ec37f67..d90cf613f3 100644
--- a/consensus/ethash/consensus.go
+++ b/consensus/ethash/consensus.go
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ func (ethash *Ethash) VerifyHeader(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header *ty
 // VerifyHeaders is similar to VerifyHeader, but verifies a batch of headers
 // concurrently. The method returns a quit channel to abort the operations and
 // a results channel to retrieve the async verifications.
-func (ethash *Ethash) VerifyHeaders(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, headers []*types.Header, seals []bool) (chan<- struct{}, <-chan error) {
+func (ethash *Ethash) VerifyHeaders(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, headers []*types.Header, seals []bool, parent *types.Header) (chan<- struct{}, <-chan error) {
 	// If we're running a full engine faking, accept any input as valid
 	if ethash.config.PowMode == ModeFullFake || len(headers) == 0 {
 		abort, results := make(chan struct{}), make(chan error, len(headers))
diff --git a/consensus/misc/eip1559.go b/consensus/misc/eip1559.go
index 483878fc0e..9990df04a7 100644
--- a/consensus/misc/eip1559.go
+++ b/consensus/misc/eip1559.go
@@ -19,14 +19,66 @@ package misc
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"math/big"
+	"sync"
 
+	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/params"
+	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/rollup/rcfg"
+	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/rpc"
 )
 
-// Protocol-enforced maximum L2 base fee.
-// We would only go above this if L1 base fee hits 2931 Gwei.
-const MaximumL2BaseFee = 10000000000
+const (
+	// Protocol-enforced maximum L2 base fee.
+	// We would only go above this if L1 base fee hits 2931 Gwei.
+	MaximumL2BaseFee = 10000000000
+
+	// L2 base fee fallback values, in case the L2 system contract
+	// is not deployed on not configured yet.
+	DefaultBaseFeeOverhead = 15680000
+	DefaultBaseFeeScalar   = 34000000000000
+)
+
+// L2 base fee formula constants and defaults.
+// l2BaseFee = (l1BaseFee * scalar) / PRECISION + overhead.
+// `scalar` accounts for finalization costs. `overhead` accounts for sequencing and proving costs.
+var (
+	// We use 1e18 for precision to match the contract implementation.
+	BaseFeePrecision = new(big.Int).SetUint64(1e18)
+
+	// scalar and overhead are updated automatically in `Blockchain.writeBlockWithState`.
+	baseFeeScalar   = big.NewInt(0)
+	baseFeeOverhead = big.NewInt(0)
+
+	lock sync.RWMutex
+)
+
+func ReadL2BaseFeeCoefficients() (scalar *big.Int, overhead *big.Int) {
+	lock.RLock()
+	defer lock.RUnlock()
+	return new(big.Int).Set(baseFeeScalar), new(big.Int).Set(baseFeeOverhead)
+}
+
+func UpdateL2BaseFeeOverhead(newOverhead *big.Int) {
+	if newOverhead == nil {
+		log.Error("Failed to set L2 base fee overhead, new value is <nil>")
+		return
+	}
+	lock.Lock()
+	defer lock.Unlock()
+	baseFeeOverhead.Set(newOverhead)
+}
+
+func UpdateL2BaseFeeScalar(newScalar *big.Int) {
+	if newScalar == nil {
+		log.Error("Failed to set L2 base fee scalar, new value is <nil>")
+		return
+	}
+	lock.Lock()
+	defer lock.Unlock()
+	baseFeeScalar.Set(newScalar)
+}
 
 // VerifyEip1559Header verifies some header attributes which were changed in EIP-1559,
 // - gas limit check
@@ -54,18 +106,22 @@ func CalcBaseFee(config *params.ChainConfig, parent *types.Header, parentL1BaseF
 	if config.Clique != nil && config.Clique.ShadowForkHeight != 0 && parent.Number.Uint64() >= config.Clique.ShadowForkHeight {
 		return big.NewInt(10000000) // 0.01 Gwei
 	}
-	l2SequencerFee := big.NewInt(1000000) // 0.001 Gwei
-	provingFee := big.NewInt(38200000)    // 0.0382 Gwei
 
-	// L1_base_fee * 0.00017
-	verificationFee := parentL1BaseFee
-	verificationFee = new(big.Int).Mul(verificationFee, big.NewInt(17))
-	verificationFee = new(big.Int).Div(verificationFee, big.NewInt(100000))
+	scalar, overhead := ReadL2BaseFeeCoefficients()
+	return calcBaseFee(scalar, overhead, parentL1BaseFee)
+}
 
-	baseFee := big.NewInt(0)
-	baseFee.Add(baseFee, l2SequencerFee)
-	baseFee.Add(baseFee, provingFee)
-	baseFee.Add(baseFee, verificationFee)
+// MinBaseFee calculates the minimum L2 base fee based on the current coefficients.
+func MinBaseFee() *big.Int {
+	scalar, overhead := ReadL2BaseFeeCoefficients()
+	return calcBaseFee(scalar, overhead, big.NewInt(0))
+}
+
+func calcBaseFee(scalar, overhead, parentL1BaseFee *big.Int) *big.Int {
+	baseFee := new(big.Int).Set(parentL1BaseFee)
+	baseFee.Mul(baseFee, scalar)
+	baseFee.Div(baseFee, BaseFeePrecision)
+	baseFee.Add(baseFee, overhead)
 
 	if baseFee.Cmp(big.NewInt(MaximumL2BaseFee)) > 0 {
 		baseFee = big.NewInt(MaximumL2BaseFee)
@@ -73,3 +129,60 @@ func CalcBaseFee(config *params.ChainConfig, parent *types.Header, parentL1BaseF
 
 	return baseFee
 }
+
+type State interface {
+	GetState(addr common.Address, hash common.Hash) common.Hash
+}
+
+func InitializeL2BaseFeeCoefficients(chainConfig *params.ChainConfig, state State) error {
+	overhead := common.Big0
+	scalar := common.Big0
+
+	if l2SystemConfig := chainConfig.Scroll.L2SystemConfigAddress(); l2SystemConfig != (common.Address{}) {
+		overhead = state.GetState(l2SystemConfig, rcfg.L2BaseFeeOverheadSlot).Big()
+		scalar = state.GetState(l2SystemConfig, rcfg.L2BaseFeeScalarSlot).Big()
+	} else {
+		log.Warn("L2SystemConfig address is not configured")
+	}
+
+	// fallback to default if contract is not deployed or configured yet
+	if overhead.Cmp(common.Big0) == 0 {
+		overhead = big.NewInt(DefaultBaseFeeOverhead)
+	}
+	if scalar.Cmp(common.Big0) == 0 {
+		scalar = big.NewInt(DefaultBaseFeeScalar)
+	}
+
+	// update local view of coefficients
+	lock.Lock()
+	defer lock.Unlock()
+	baseFeeOverhead.Set(overhead)
+	baseFeeScalar.Set(scalar)
+	log.Info("Initialized L2 base fee coefficients", "overhead", overhead, "scalar", scalar)
+	return nil
+}
+
+type API struct{}
+
+type L2BaseFeeConfig struct {
+	Scalar   *big.Int `json:"scalar,omitempty"`
+	Overhead *big.Int `json:"overhead,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (api *API) GetL2BaseFeeConfig() *L2BaseFeeConfig {
+	scalar, overhead := ReadL2BaseFeeCoefficients()
+
+	return &L2BaseFeeConfig{
+		Scalar:   scalar,
+		Overhead: overhead,
+	}
+}
+
+func APIs() []rpc.API {
+	return []rpc.API{{
+		Namespace: "scroll",
+		Version:   "1.0",
+		Service:   &API{},
+		Public:    false,
+	}}
+}
diff --git a/consensus/misc/eip1559_test.go b/consensus/misc/eip1559_test.go
index 3b48c2e581..d41d3e5966 100644
--- a/consensus/misc/eip1559_test.go
+++ b/consensus/misc/eip1559_test.go
@@ -112,17 +112,55 @@ func TestCalcBaseFee(t *testing.T) {
 		parentL1BaseFee   int64
 		expectedL2BaseFee int64
 	}{
-		{0, 39200000},
-		{1000000000, 39370000},
-		{2000000000, 39540000},
-		{100000000000, 56200000},
-		{111111111111, 58088888},
-		{2164000000000, 407080000},
-		{58592942000000, 10000000000}, // cap at max L2 base fee
+		{0, 1},
+		{1000000000, 1},
+		{2000000000, 1},
+		{100000000000, 2},
+		{111111111111, 2},
+		{2164000000000, 22},
+		{644149677419355, 6442},
 	}
 	for i, test := range tests {
+		config := config()
+		UpdateL2BaseFeeScalar(big.NewInt(10000000))
+		UpdateL2BaseFeeOverhead(big.NewInt(1))
+		if have, want := CalcBaseFee(config, nil, big.NewInt(test.parentL1BaseFee)), big.NewInt(test.expectedL2BaseFee); have.Cmp(want) != 0 {
+			t.Errorf("test %d: have %d  want %d, ", i, have, want)
+		}
+	}
+
+	testsWithDefaults := []struct {
+		parentL1BaseFee   int64
+		expectedL2BaseFee int64
+	}{
+		{0, 15680000},
+		{1000000000, 15714000},
+		{2000000000, 15748000},
+		{100000000000, 19080000},
+		{111111111111, 19457777},
+		{2164000000000, 89256000},
+		{644149677419355, 10000000000}, // cap at max L2 base fee
+	}
+	for i, test := range testsWithDefaults {
+		UpdateL2BaseFeeScalar(big.NewInt(34000000000000))
+		UpdateL2BaseFeeOverhead(big.NewInt(15680000))
 		if have, want := CalcBaseFee(config(), nil, big.NewInt(test.parentL1BaseFee)), big.NewInt(test.expectedL2BaseFee); have.Cmp(want) != 0 {
 			t.Errorf("test %d: have %d  want %d, ", i, have, want)
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+// TestMinBaseFee assumes all blocks are 1559-blocks
+func TestMinBaseFee(t *testing.T) {
+	UpdateL2BaseFeeScalar(big.NewInt(34000000000000))
+	UpdateL2BaseFeeOverhead(big.NewInt(15680000))
+	if have, want := MinBaseFee(), big.NewInt(15680000); have.Cmp(want) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("have %d  want %d, ", have, want)
+	}
+
+	UpdateL2BaseFeeScalar(big.NewInt(10000000))
+	UpdateL2BaseFeeOverhead(big.NewInt(1))
+	if have, want := MinBaseFee(), big.NewInt(1); have.Cmp(want) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("have %d  want %d, ", have, want)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/consensus/system_contract/consensus.go b/consensus/system_contract/consensus.go
index 797297870d..01d7be1850 100644
--- a/consensus/system_contract/consensus.go
+++ b/consensus/system_contract/consensus.go
@@ -86,13 +86,18 @@ func (s *SystemContract) VerifyHeader(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header
 // concurrently. The method returns a quit channel to abort the operations and
 // a results channel to retrieve the async verifications (the order is that of
 // the input slice).
-func (s *SystemContract) VerifyHeaders(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, headers []*types.Header, seals []bool) (chan<- struct{}, <-chan error) {
+func (s *SystemContract) VerifyHeaders(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, headers []*types.Header, seals []bool, parent *types.Header) (chan<- struct{}, <-chan error) {
 	abort := make(chan struct{})
 	results := make(chan error, len(headers))
 
 	go func() {
 		for i, header := range headers {
-			err := s.verifyHeader(chain, header, headers[:i])
+			parents := headers[:i]
+			if len(parents) == 0 && parent != nil {
+				parents = []*types.Header{parent}
+			}
+
+			err := s.verifyHeader(chain, header, parents)
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Error("Error verifying headers", "err", err)
 			}
@@ -130,7 +135,7 @@ func (s *SystemContract) verifyHeader(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header
 		return errInvalidNonce
 	}
 	// Check that the BlockSignature contains signature if block is not requested
-	if !header.Requested && header.Number.Cmp(big.NewInt(0)) != 0 && len(header.BlockSignature) != extraSeal {
+	if header.Number.Cmp(big.NewInt(0)) != 0 && len(header.BlockSignature) != extraSeal {
 		return errMissingSignature
 	}
 	// Ensure that the mix digest is zero
@@ -197,20 +202,17 @@ func (s *SystemContract) verifyCascadingFields(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader
 		return err
 	}
 
-	// only if block header has NOT been requested, then verify the signature against the current signer
-	if !header.Requested {
-		signer, err := ecrecover(header)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	signer, err := ecrecover(header)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
-		s.lock.RLock()
-		defer s.lock.RUnlock()
+	s.lock.RLock()
+	defer s.lock.RUnlock()
 
-		if signer != s.signerAddressL1 {
-			log.Error("Unauthorized signer", "Got", signer, "Expected:", s.signerAddressL1)
-			return ErrUnauthorizedSigner
-		}
+	if signer != s.signerAddressL1 {
+		log.Error("Unauthorized signer", "Got", signer, "Expected:", s.signerAddressL1)
+		return ErrUnauthorizedSigner
 	}
 
 	return nil
diff --git a/consensus/system_contract/system_contract.go b/consensus/system_contract/system_contract.go
index 8e99c9cfa3..aef24a00ba 100644
--- a/consensus/system_contract/system_contract.go
+++ b/consensus/system_contract/system_contract.go
@@ -3,10 +3,13 @@ package system_contract
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"math/big"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/rollup/sync_service"
@@ -48,8 +51,9 @@ func New(ctx context.Context, config *params.SystemContractConfig, client sync_s
 	}
 
 	if err := s.fetchAddressFromL1(); err != nil {
-		log.Error("failed to fetch signer address from L1", "err", err)
+		log.Error("Failed to fetch signer address from L1", "err", err)
 	}
+
 	return s
 }
 
@@ -80,7 +84,7 @@ func (s *SystemContract) Start() {
 				return
 			case <-syncTicker.C:
 				if err := s.fetchAddressFromL1(); err != nil {
-					log.Error("failed to fetch signer address from L1", "err", err)
+					log.Error("Failed to fetch signer address from L1", "err", err)
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -94,16 +98,24 @@ func (s *SystemContract) fetchAddressFromL1() error {
 	}
 	bAddress := common.BytesToAddress(address)
 
+	s.lock.Lock()
+	defer s.lock.Unlock()
+
 	// Validate the address is not empty
 	if bAddress == (common.Address{}) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("retrieved empty signer address from L1 System Contract: contract=%s, slot=%s", s.config.SystemContractAddress.Hex(), s.config.SystemContractSlot.Hex())
+		log.Debug("Retrieved empty signer address from L1 System Contract", "contract", s.config.SystemContractAddress.Hex(), "slot", s.config.SystemContractSlot.Hex())
+
+		// Not initialized yet -- we don't consider this an error
+		if s.signerAddressL1 == (common.Address{}) {
+			log.Warn("System Contract signer address not initialized")
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		return fmt.Errorf("retrieved empty signer address from L1 System Contract")
 	}
 
 	log.Debug("Read address from system contract", "address", bAddress.Hex())
 
-	s.lock.Lock()
-	defer s.lock.Unlock()
-
 	if s.signerAddressL1 != bAddress {
 		s.signerAddressL1 = bAddress
 		log.Info("Updated new signer from L1 system contract", "signer", bAddress.Hex())
@@ -131,3 +143,53 @@ func (s *SystemContract) localSignerAddress() common.Address {
 
 	return s.signer
 }
+
+// FakeEthClient implements a minimal version of sync_service.EthClient for testing purposes.
+type FakeEthClient struct {
+	mu sync.Mutex
+	// Value is the fixed Value to return from StorageAt.
+	// We'll assume StorageAt returns a 32-byte Value representing an Ethereum address.
+	Value common.Address
+}
+
+// BlockNumber returns 0.
+func (f *FakeEthClient) BlockNumber(ctx context.Context) (uint64, error) {
+	return 0, nil
+}
+
+// ChainID returns a zero-value chain ID.
+func (f *FakeEthClient) ChainID(ctx context.Context) (*big.Int, error) {
+	return big.NewInt(0), nil
+}
+
+// FilterLogs returns an empty slice of logs.
+func (f *FakeEthClient) FilterLogs(ctx context.Context, q ethereum.FilterQuery) ([]types.Log, error) {
+	return []types.Log{}, nil
+}
+
+// HeaderByNumber returns nil.
+func (f *FakeEthClient) HeaderByNumber(ctx context.Context, number *big.Int) (*types.Header, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+// SubscribeFilterLogs returns a nil subscription.
+func (f *FakeEthClient) SubscribeFilterLogs(ctx context.Context, query ethereum.FilterQuery, ch chan<- types.Log) (ethereum.Subscription, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+// TransactionByHash returns (nil, false, nil).
+func (f *FakeEthClient) TransactionByHash(ctx context.Context, txHash common.Hash) (*types.Transaction, bool, error) {
+	return nil, false, nil
+}
+
+// BlockByHash returns nil.
+func (f *FakeEthClient) BlockByHash(ctx context.Context, hash common.Hash) (*types.Block, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+// StorageAt returns the byte representation of f.value.
+func (f *FakeEthClient) StorageAt(ctx context.Context, account common.Address, key common.Hash, blockNumber *big.Int) ([]byte, error) {
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+	return f.Value.Bytes(), nil
+}
diff --git a/consensus/system_contract/system_contract_test.go b/consensus/system_contract/system_contract_test.go
index ddd6a0fc8d..fa344f5c9e 100644
--- a/consensus/system_contract/system_contract_test.go
+++ b/consensus/system_contract/system_contract_test.go
@@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ package system_contract
 import (
 	"context"
 	"math/big"
-	"sync"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
-	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/accounts"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/core/types"
@@ -19,14 +17,14 @@ import (
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/trie"
 )
 
-var _ sync_service.EthClient = &fakeEthClient{}
+var _ sync_service.EthClient = &FakeEthClient{}
 
 func TestSystemContract_FetchSigner(t *testing.T) {
 	log.Root().SetHandler(log.DiscardHandler())
 
 	expectedSigner := common.HexToAddress("0x1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef12345678")
 
-	fakeClient := &fakeEthClient{value: expectedSigner}
+	fakeClient := &FakeEthClient{Value: expectedSigner}
 
 	config := &params.SystemContractConfig{
 		SystemContractAddress: common.HexToAddress("0xFAKE"),
@@ -55,7 +53,7 @@ func TestSystemContract_AuthorizeCheck(t *testing.T) {
 
 	expectedSigner := common.HexToAddress("0x1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef12345678")
 
-	fakeClient := &fakeEthClient{value: expectedSigner}
+	fakeClient := &FakeEthClient{Value: expectedSigner}
 	config := &params.SystemContractConfig{
 		SystemContractAddress: common.HexToAddress("0xFAKE"),
 		Period:                10,
@@ -106,8 +104,8 @@ func TestSystemContract_SignsAfterUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 	updatedSigner := common.HexToAddress("0x2222222222222222222222222222222222222222")
 
 	// Create a fake client that starts by returning the wrong signer.
-	fakeClient := &fakeEthClient{
-		value: oldSigner,
+	fakeClient := &FakeEthClient{
+		Value: oldSigner,
 	}
 
 	config := &params.SystemContractConfig{
@@ -130,7 +128,7 @@ func TestSystemContract_SignsAfterUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Now, simulate an update: change the fake client's returned value to updatedSigner.
 	fakeClient.mu.Lock()
-	fakeClient.value = updatedSigner
+	fakeClient.Value = updatedSigner
 	fakeClient.mu.Unlock()
 
 	// fetch new value from L1 (simulating a background poll)
@@ -171,53 +169,3 @@ func TestSystemContract_SignsAfterUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("Timed out waiting for Seal to return a sealed block")
 	}
 }
-
-// fakeEthClient implements a minimal version of sync_service.EthClient for testing purposes.
-type fakeEthClient struct {
-	mu sync.Mutex
-	// value is the fixed value to return from StorageAt.
-	// We'll assume StorageAt returns a 32-byte value representing an Ethereum address.
-	value common.Address
-}
-
-// BlockNumber returns 0.
-func (f *fakeEthClient) BlockNumber(ctx context.Context) (uint64, error) {
-	return 0, nil
-}
-
-// ChainID returns a zero-value chain ID.
-func (f *fakeEthClient) ChainID(ctx context.Context) (*big.Int, error) {
-	return big.NewInt(0), nil
-}
-
-// FilterLogs returns an empty slice of logs.
-func (f *fakeEthClient) FilterLogs(ctx context.Context, q ethereum.FilterQuery) ([]types.Log, error) {
-	return []types.Log{}, nil
-}
-
-// HeaderByNumber returns nil.
-func (f *fakeEthClient) HeaderByNumber(ctx context.Context, number *big.Int) (*types.Header, error) {
-	return nil, nil
-}
-
-// SubscribeFilterLogs returns a nil subscription.
-func (f *fakeEthClient) SubscribeFilterLogs(ctx context.Context, query ethereum.FilterQuery, ch chan<- types.Log) (ethereum.Subscription, error) {
-	return nil, nil
-}
-
-// TransactionByHash returns (nil, false, nil).
-func (f *fakeEthClient) TransactionByHash(ctx context.Context, txHash common.Hash) (*types.Transaction, bool, error) {
-	return nil, false, nil
-}
-
-// BlockByHash returns nil.
-func (f *fakeEthClient) BlockByHash(ctx context.Context, hash common.Hash) (*types.Block, error) {
-	return nil, nil
-}
-
-// StorageAt returns the byte representation of f.value.
-func (f *fakeEthClient) StorageAt(ctx context.Context, account common.Address, key common.Hash, blockNumber *big.Int) ([]byte, error) {
-	f.mu.Lock()
-	defer f.mu.Unlock()
-	return f.value.Bytes(), nil
-}
diff --git a/consensus/wrapper/consensus.go b/consensus/wrapper/consensus.go
index 3c5aa5cb3e..16ea46f0d8 100644
--- a/consensus/wrapper/consensus.go
+++ b/consensus/wrapper/consensus.go
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package wrapper
 
 import (
 	"math/big"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/consensus"
@@ -61,7 +60,7 @@ func (ue *UpgradableEngine) VerifyHeader(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, head
 
 // VerifyHeaders verifies a batch of headers concurrently. In our use-case,
 // headers can only be all system, all clique, or start with clique and then switch once to system.
-func (ue *UpgradableEngine) VerifyHeaders(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, headers []*types.Header, seals []bool) (chan<- struct{}, <-chan error) {
+func (ue *UpgradableEngine) VerifyHeaders(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, headers []*types.Header, seals []bool, parent *types.Header) (chan<- struct{}, <-chan error) {
 	abort := make(chan struct{})
 	results := make(chan error, len(headers))
 
@@ -77,12 +76,12 @@ func (ue *UpgradableEngine) VerifyHeaders(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, hea
 
 	// If the first header is system, then all headers must be system.
 	if firstEngine == ue.system {
-		return firstEngine.VerifyHeaders(chain, headers, seals)
+		return firstEngine.VerifyHeaders(chain, headers, seals, nil)
 	}
 
 	// If first and last headers are both clique, then all headers are clique.
 	if firstEngine == lastEngine {
-		return firstEngine.VerifyHeaders(chain, headers, seals)
+		return firstEngine.VerifyHeaders(chain, headers, seals, nil)
 	}
 
 	// Otherwise, headers start as clique then switch to system.  Since we assume
@@ -110,7 +109,7 @@ func (ue *UpgradableEngine) VerifyHeaders(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, hea
 
 		// Verify clique headers.
 		log.Info("Start EuclidV2 transition verification in Clique section", "startBlockNumber", cliqueHeaders[0].Number, "endBlockNumber", cliqueHeaders[len(cliqueHeaders)-1].Number)
-		abortClique, cliqueResults := ue.clique.VerifyHeaders(chain, cliqueHeaders, cliqueSeals)
+		abortClique, cliqueResults := ue.clique.VerifyHeaders(chain, cliqueHeaders, cliqueSeals, nil)
 
 		// Note: cliqueResults is not closed so we cannot directly iterate over it
 		for i := 0; i < len(cliqueHeaders); i++ {
@@ -124,14 +123,13 @@ func (ue *UpgradableEngine) VerifyHeaders(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, hea
 			}
 		}
 
-		// Not sure why we need this here, but without this we get err="unknown ancestor"
-		// at the 1st Euclid block. It seems that `VerifyHeaders` start processing the next
-		// header before the previous one was written into `chain`.
-		time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
+		// Since the Clique part of the header chain might not yet be stored in the local chain,
+		// provide a hint to the SystemContract consensus engine.
+		lastCliqueHeader := cliqueHeaders[len(cliqueHeaders)-1]
 
 		// Verify system contract headers.
 		log.Info("Start EuclidV2 transition verification in SystemContract section", "startBlockNumber", systemHeaders[0].Number, "endBlockNumber", systemHeaders[len(systemHeaders)-1].Number)
-		abortSystem, systemResults := ue.system.VerifyHeaders(chain, systemHeaders, systemSeals)
+		abortSystem, systemResults := ue.system.VerifyHeaders(chain, systemHeaders, systemSeals, lastCliqueHeader)
 
 		// Note: systemResults is not closed so we cannot directly iterate over it
 		for i := 0; i < len(systemHeaders); i++ {
diff --git a/core/block_validator_test.go b/core/block_validator_test.go
index c94132d001..12e599921c 100644
--- a/core/block_validator_test.go
+++ b/core/block_validator_test.go
@@ -51,10 +51,10 @@ func TestHeaderVerification(t *testing.T) {
 
 			if valid {
 				engine := ethash.NewFaker()
-				_, results = engine.VerifyHeaders(chain, []*types.Header{headers[i]}, []bool{true})
+				_, results = engine.VerifyHeaders(chain, []*types.Header{headers[i]}, []bool{true}, nil)
 			} else {
 				engine := ethash.NewFakeFailer(headers[i].Number.Uint64())
-				_, results = engine.VerifyHeaders(chain, []*types.Header{headers[i]}, []bool{true})
+				_, results = engine.VerifyHeaders(chain, []*types.Header{headers[i]}, []bool{true}, nil)
 			}
 			// Wait for the verification result
 			select {
@@ -107,11 +107,11 @@ func testHeaderConcurrentVerification(t *testing.T, threads int) {
 
 		if valid {
 			chain, _ := NewBlockChain(testdb, nil, params.TestChainConfig, ethash.NewFaker(), vm.Config{}, nil, nil)
-			_, results = chain.engine.VerifyHeaders(chain, headers, seals)
+			_, results = chain.engine.VerifyHeaders(chain, headers, seals, nil)
 			chain.Stop()
 		} else {
 			chain, _ := NewBlockChain(testdb, nil, params.TestChainConfig, ethash.NewFakeFailer(uint64(len(headers)-1)), vm.Config{}, nil, nil)
-			_, results = chain.engine.VerifyHeaders(chain, headers, seals)
+			_, results = chain.engine.VerifyHeaders(chain, headers, seals, nil)
 			chain.Stop()
 		}
 		// Wait for all the verification results
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ func testHeaderConcurrentAbortion(t *testing.T, threads int) {
 	chain, _ := NewBlockChain(testdb, nil, params.TestChainConfig, ethash.NewFakeDelayer(time.Millisecond), vm.Config{}, nil, nil)
 	defer chain.Stop()
 
-	abort, results := chain.engine.VerifyHeaders(chain, headers, seals)
+	abort, results := chain.engine.VerifyHeaders(chain, headers, seals, nil)
 	close(abort)
 
 	// Deplete the results channel
diff --git a/core/blockchain.go b/core/blockchain.go
index aa3d74197f..57a803198f 100644
--- a/core/blockchain.go
+++ b/core/blockchain.go
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/common/mclock"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/common/prque"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/consensus"
+	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/consensus/misc"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/core/state"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/core/state/snapshot"
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/metrics"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/params"
+	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/rollup/l2_system_config"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/trie"
 )
 
@@ -53,8 +55,10 @@ var (
 	headHeaderGauge    = metrics.NewRegisteredGauge("chain/head/header", nil)
 	headFastBlockGauge = metrics.NewRegisteredGauge("chain/head/receipt", nil)
 	headTimeGapGauge   = metrics.NewRegisteredGauge("chain/head/timegap", nil)
+	headL1MessageGauge = metrics.NewRegisteredGauge("chain/head/l1msg", nil)
 
-	l2BaseFeeGauge = metrics.NewRegisteredGauge("chain/fees/l2basefee", nil)
+	l2BaseFeeGauge       = metrics.NewRegisteredGauge("chain/fees/l2basefee", nil)
+	l2BaseFeeUpdateTimer = metrics.NewRegisteredTimer("chain/fees/updates", nil)
 
 	accountReadTimer   = metrics.NewRegisteredTimer("chain/account/reads", nil)
 	accountHashTimer   = metrics.NewRegisteredTimer("chain/account/hashes", nil)
@@ -148,6 +152,51 @@ var defaultCacheConfig = &CacheConfig{
 	SnapshotWait:   true,
 }
 
+func updateHeadL1msgGauge(block *types.Block) {
+	for _, tx := range block.Transactions() {
+		if msg := tx.AsL1MessageTx(); msg != nil {
+			// Queue index is guaranteed to fit into int64.
+			headL1MessageGauge.Update(int64(msg.QueueIndex))
+		} else {
+			// No more L1 messages in this block.
+			break
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// updateL2BaseFeeCoefficients updates the global L2 base fee coefficients.
+// Coefficient updates are written into L2 state and emit an event.
+// We could use either here; we read from the event to avoid state reads.
+// In the future, if the base fee setting becomes part of block validation,
+// reading from state will be more appropriate.
+func updateL2BaseFeeCoefficients(l2SystemConfigAddress common.Address, logs []*types.Log) {
+	defer func(start time.Time) { l2BaseFeeUpdateTimer.Update(time.Since(start)) }(time.Now())
+
+	for _, l := range logs {
+		if l.Address != l2SystemConfigAddress {
+			continue
+		}
+		switch l.Topics[0] {
+		case l2_system_config.BaseFeeOverheadUpdatedTopic:
+			event, err := l2_system_config.UnpackBaseFeeOverheadUpdatedEvent(*l)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error("failed to unpack base fee overhead updated event log", "err", err, "log", *l)
+				break // break from switch, continue loop
+			}
+			misc.UpdateL2BaseFeeOverhead(event.NewBaseFeeOverhead)
+			log.Info("Updated L2 base fee overhead", "blockNumber", l.BlockNumber, "blockHash", l.BlockHash.Hex(), "old", event.OldBaseFeeOverhead, "new", event.NewBaseFeeOverhead)
+		case l2_system_config.BaseFeeScalarUpdatedTopic:
+			event, err := l2_system_config.UnpackBaseFeeScalarUpdatedEvent(*l)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error("failed to unpack base fee scalar updated event log", "err", err, "log", *l)
+				break // break from switch, continue loop
+			}
+			misc.UpdateL2BaseFeeScalar(event.NewBaseFeeScalar)
+			log.Info("Updated L2 base fee scalar", "blockNumber", l.BlockNumber, "blockHash", l.BlockHash.Hex(), "old", event.OldBaseFeeScalar, "new", event.NewBaseFeeScalar)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 // BlockChain represents the canonical chain given a database with a genesis
 // block. The Blockchain manages chain imports, reverts, chain reorganisations.
 //
@@ -422,6 +471,9 @@ func NewBlockChain(db ethdb.Database, cacheConfig *CacheConfig, chainConfig *par
 			triedb.SaveCachePeriodically(bc.cacheConfig.TrieCleanJournal, bc.cacheConfig.TrieCleanRejournal, bc.quit)
 		}()
 	}
+
+	updateHeadL1msgGauge(bc.CurrentBlock())
+
 	return bc, nil
 }
 
@@ -1253,6 +1305,12 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) writeBlockWithState(block *types.Block, receipts []*types.
 		l2BaseFeeGauge.Update(0)
 	}
 
+	// Note the latest relayed L1 message queue index (if any)
+	updateHeadL1msgGauge(block)
+
+	// Execute L2 base fee coefficient updates (if any)
+	updateL2BaseFeeCoefficients(bc.Config().Scroll.L2SystemConfigAddress(), logs)
+
 	parent := bc.GetHeaderByHash(block.ParentHash())
 	// block.Time is guaranteed to be larger than parent.Time,
 	// and the time gap should fit into int64.
@@ -1283,7 +1341,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) writeBlockWithState(block *types.Block, receipts []*types.
 	if queueIndex == nil {
 		// We expect that we only insert contiguous chain segments,
 		// so the parent will always be inserted first.
-		log.Crit("Queue index in DB is nil", "parent", block.ParentHash(), "hash", block.Hash())
+		log.Crit("Queue index in DB is nil", "parent", block.ParentHash().Hex(), "hash", block.Hash().Hex())
 	}
 	numProcessed := uint64(block.NumL1MessagesProcessed(*queueIndex))
 	// do not overwrite the index written by the miner worker
@@ -1527,7 +1585,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, verifySeals bool) (int, er
 		headers[i] = block.Header()
 		seals[i] = verifySeals
 	}
-	abort, results := bc.engine.VerifyHeaders(bc, headers, seals)
+	abort, results := bc.engine.VerifyHeaders(bc, headers, seals, nil)
 	defer close(abort)
 
 	// Peek the error for the first block to decide the directing import logic
@@ -1680,7 +1738,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, verifySeals bool) (int, er
 		}
 
 		// Enable prefetching to pull in trie node paths while processing transactions
-		statedb.StartPrefetcher("chain", nil)
+		statedb.StartPrefetcher("chain")
 		activeState = statedb
 
 		// If we have a followup block, run that against the current state to pre-cache
@@ -1817,7 +1875,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) BuildAndWriteBlock(parentBlock *types.Block, header *types
 		return nil, NonStatTy, err
 	}
 
-	statedb.StartPrefetcher("l1sync", nil)
+	statedb.StartPrefetcher("l1sync")
 	defer statedb.StopPrefetcher()
 
 	header.ParentHash = parentBlock.Hash()
diff --git a/core/error.go b/core/error.go
index 54ec1b188d..98a637e958 100644
--- a/core/error.go
+++ b/core/error.go
@@ -81,6 +81,10 @@ var (
 	// than required to start the invocation.
 	ErrIntrinsicGas = errors.New("intrinsic gas too low")
 
+	// ErrFloorDataGas is returned if the transaction is specified to use less gas
+	// than required for the data floor cost.
+	ErrFloorDataGas = errors.New("insufficient gas for floor data gas cost")
+
 	// ErrTxTypeNotSupported is returned if a transaction is not supported in the
 	// current network configuration.
 	ErrTxTypeNotSupported = types.ErrTxTypeNotSupported
diff --git a/core/genesis.go b/core/genesis.go
index 9554be0ac3..a5eea6f30c 100644
--- a/core/genesis.go
+++ b/core/genesis.go
@@ -500,6 +500,8 @@ func DeveloperGenesisBlock(period uint64, gasLimit uint64, faucet common.Address
 			common.BytesToAddress([]byte{7}): {Balance: big.NewInt(1)}, // ECScalarMul
 			common.BytesToAddress([]byte{8}): {Balance: big.NewInt(1)}, // ECPairing
 			common.BytesToAddress([]byte{9}): {Balance: big.NewInt(1)}, // BLAKE2b
+			// Pre-deploy EIP-2935 history contract.
+			params.HistoryStorageAddress: {Nonce: 1, Code: params.HistoryStorageCode, Balance: common.Big0},
 			// LSH 250 due to finite field limitation
 			faucet: {Balance: new(big.Int).Sub(new(big.Int).Lsh(big.NewInt(1), 250), big.NewInt(9))},
 		},
diff --git a/core/headerchain.go b/core/headerchain.go
index f047d654d9..c01eb7ba8c 100644
--- a/core/headerchain.go
+++ b/core/headerchain.go
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ func (hc *HeaderChain) ValidateHeaderChain(chain []*types.Header, checkFreq int)
 		seals[len(seals)-1] = true
 	}
 
-	abort, results := hc.engine.VerifyHeaders(hc, chain, seals)
+	abort, results := hc.engine.VerifyHeaders(hc, chain, seals, nil)
 	defer close(abort)
 
 	// Iterate over the headers and ensure they all check out
diff --git a/core/rawdb/accessors_chain.go b/core/rawdb/accessors_chain.go
index d89a7d2e21..d9aceeca09 100644
--- a/core/rawdb/accessors_chain.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/accessors_chain.go
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/core/types"
-	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/params"
@@ -301,11 +300,9 @@ func WriteFastTxLookupLimit(db ethdb.KeyValueWriter, number uint64) {
 func ReadHeaderRLP(db ethdb.Reader, hash common.Hash, number uint64) rlp.RawValue {
 	var data []byte
 	db.ReadAncients(func(reader ethdb.AncientReader) error {
-		// First try to look up the data in ancient database. Extra hash
-		// comparison is necessary since ancient database only maintains
-		// the canonical data.
+		// First try to look up the data in ancient database.
 		data, _ = reader.Ancient(freezerHeaderTable, number)
-		if len(data) > 0 && crypto.Keccak256Hash(data) == hash {
+		if len(data) > 0 {
 			return nil
 		}
 		// If not, try reading from leveldb
@@ -337,6 +334,14 @@ func ReadHeader(db ethdb.Reader, hash common.Hash, number uint64) *types.Header
 		log.Error("Invalid block header RLP", "hash", hash, "err", err)
 		return nil
 	}
+
+	// Extra hash
+	// comparison is necessary since ancient database only maintains
+	// the canonical data.
+	if header.Hash() != hash {
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	return header
 }
 
diff --git a/core/state/state_object.go b/core/state/state_object.go
index 4fb9e82c2e..2b615d9408 100644
--- a/core/state/state_object.go
+++ b/core/state/state_object.go
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"math/big"
+	"slices"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/common"
@@ -344,8 +345,17 @@ func (s *stateObject) updateTrie(db Database) Trie {
 	tr := s.getTrie(db)
 	hasher := s.db.hasher
 
+	sortedPendingStorages := make([]common.Hash, 0, len(s.pendingStorage))
+	for key := range s.pendingStorage {
+		sortedPendingStorages = append(sortedPendingStorages, key)
+	}
+	slices.SortFunc(sortedPendingStorages, func(a, b common.Hash) int {
+		return bytes.Compare(a[:], b[:])
+	})
+
 	usedStorage := make([][]byte, 0, len(s.pendingStorage))
-	for key, value := range s.pendingStorage {
+	for _, key := range sortedPendingStorages {
+		value := s.pendingStorage[key]
 		// Skip noop changes, persist actual changes
 		if value == s.originStorage[key] {
 			continue
diff --git a/core/state/statedb.go b/core/state/statedb.go
index 7affd81fc4..5302263d36 100644
--- a/core/state/statedb.go
+++ b/core/state/statedb.go
@@ -18,9 +18,11 @@
 package state
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"math/big"
+	"slices"
 	"sort"
 	"time"
 
@@ -160,18 +162,25 @@ func New(root common.Hash, db Database, snaps *snapshot.Tree) (*StateDB, error)
 	return sdb, nil
 }
 
+// WithWitness sets the witness for the state database.
+func (s *StateDB) WithWitness(witness *stateless.Witness) {
+	s.witness = witness
+}
+
+// Witness returns the current witness for the state database.
+func (s *StateDB) Witness() *stateless.Witness {
+	return s.witness
+}
+
 // StartPrefetcher initializes a new trie prefetcher to pull in nodes from the
 // state trie concurrently while the state is mutated so that when we reach the
 // commit phase, most of the needed data is already hot.
-func (s *StateDB) StartPrefetcher(namespace string, witness *stateless.Witness) {
+func (s *StateDB) StartPrefetcher(namespace string) {
 	if s.prefetcher != nil {
 		s.prefetcher.close()
 		s.prefetcher = nil
 	}
 
-	// Enable witness collection if requested
-	s.witness = witness
-
 	if s.snap != nil {
 		s.prefetcher = newTriePrefetcher(s.db, s.originalRoot, namespace)
 	}
@@ -967,8 +976,17 @@ func (s *StateDB) IntermediateRoot(deleteEmptyObjects bool) common.Hash {
 			s.trie = trie
 		}
 	}
-	usedAddrs := make([][]byte, 0, len(s.stateObjectsPending))
+
+	sortedPendingAddrs := make([]common.Address, 0, len(s.stateObjectsPending))
 	for addr := range s.stateObjectsPending {
+		sortedPendingAddrs = append(sortedPendingAddrs, addr)
+	}
+	slices.SortFunc(sortedPendingAddrs, func(a, b common.Address) int {
+		return bytes.Compare(a[:], b[:])
+	})
+
+	usedAddrs := make([][]byte, 0, len(s.stateObjectsPending))
+	for _, addr := range sortedPendingAddrs {
 		if obj := s.stateObjects[addr]; obj.deleted {
 			s.deleteStateObject(obj)
 			s.AccountDeleted += 1
diff --git a/core/state_processor.go b/core/state_processor.go
index 7a6c5d0d97..ddbc9d43bd 100644
--- a/core/state_processor.go
+++ b/core/state_processor.go
@@ -94,6 +94,10 @@ func (p *StateProcessor) Process(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, cfg
 	blockContext := NewEVMBlockContext(header, p.bc, p.config, nil)
 	vmenv := vm.NewEVM(blockContext, vm.TxContext{}, statedb, p.config, cfg)
 	processorBlockTransactionGauge.Update(int64(block.Transactions().Len()))
+	// Apply EIP-2935
+	if p.config.IsFeynman(block.Time()) {
+		ProcessParentBlockHash(block.ParentHash(), vmenv, statedb)
+	}
 	// Iterate over and process the individual transactions
 	for i, tx := range block.Transactions() {
 		msg, err := tx.AsMessage(types.MakeSigner(p.config, header.Number, header.Time), header.BaseFee)
@@ -199,3 +203,30 @@ func ApplyTransaction(config *params.ChainConfig, bc ChainContext, author *commo
 	vmenv := vm.NewEVM(blockContext, vm.TxContext{}, statedb, config, cfg)
 	return applyTransaction(msg, config, bc, author, gp, statedb, header.Number, header.Hash(), tx, usedGas, vmenv)
 }
+
+// ProcessParentBlockHash stores the parent block hash in the history storage contract
+// as per EIP-2935.
+func ProcessParentBlockHash(prevHash common.Hash, evm *vm.EVM, statedb *state.StateDB) {
+	msg := types.NewMessage(
+		params.SystemAddress,          // from
+		&params.HistoryStorageAddress, // to
+		0,                             // nonce
+		common.Big0,                   // amount
+		30_000_000,                    // gasLimit
+		common.Big0,                   // gasPrice
+		common.Big0,                   // gasFeeCap
+		common.Big0,                   // gasTipCap
+		prevHash.Bytes(),              // data
+		nil,                           // accessList
+		false,                         // isFake
+		nil,                           // setCodeAuthorizations
+	)
+
+	evm.Reset(NewEVMTxContext(msg), statedb)
+	statedb.AddAddressToAccessList(params.HistoryStorageAddress)
+	_, _, err := evm.Call(vm.AccountRef(msg.From()), *msg.To(), msg.Data(), 30_000_000, common.Big0, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	statedb.Finalise(true)
+}
diff --git a/core/state_processor_test.go b/core/state_processor_test.go
index a2585941ce..7fbc812cb6 100644
--- a/core/state_processor_test.go
+++ b/core/state_processor_test.go
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ package core
 
 import (
 	"crypto/ecdsa"
+	"encoding/binary"
 	"math/big"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -31,9 +32,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/consensus/ethash"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/consensus/misc"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
+	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/core/state"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/core/vm"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/crypto"
+	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/ethdb/memorydb"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/trie"
 )
@@ -64,6 +67,7 @@ func TestStateProcessorErrors(t *testing.T) {
 			DarwinV2Time:        new(uint64),
 			EuclidTime:          new(uint64),
 			EuclidV2Time:        new(uint64),
+			FeynmanTime:         new(uint64),
 			Ethash:              new(params.EthashConfig),
 		}
 		signer  = types.LatestSigner(config)
@@ -387,15 +391,15 @@ func TestStateProcessorErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		}{
 			{ // ErrMaxInitCodeSizeExceeded
 				txs: []*types.Transaction{
-					mkDynamicCreationTx(0, 500000, common.Big0, misc.CalcBaseFee(config, genesis.Header(), parentL1BaseFee), tooBigInitCode[:]),
+					mkDynamicCreationTx(0, 520000, common.Big0, misc.CalcBaseFee(config, genesis.Header(), parentL1BaseFee), tooBigInitCode[:]),
 				},
-				want: "could not apply tx 0 [0xa31de6e26bd5ffba0ca91a2bc29fc2eaad6a6cfc5ad9ab6ffb69cac121e0125c]: max initcode size exceeded: code size 49153 limit 49152",
+				want: "could not apply tx 0 [0xe0d03426cecc04467410064cb4de02012fc069d2462282735d7dfcb9dea9f63b]: max initcode size exceeded: code size 49153 limit 49152",
 			},
 			{ // ErrIntrinsicGas: Not enough gas to cover init code
 				txs: []*types.Transaction{
 					mkDynamicCreationTx(0, 54299, common.Big0, misc.CalcBaseFee(config, genesis.Header(), parentL1BaseFee), smallInitCode[:]),
 				},
-				want: "could not apply tx 0 [0xf36b7d68cf239f956f7c36be26688a97aaa317ea5f5230d109bb30dbc8598ccb]: intrinsic gas too low: have 54299, want 54300",
+				want: "could not apply tx 0 [0x98e54c5ecfa7986a66480d65ba32f2c6a2a6aedc3a67abb91b1e118b0717ed2d]: intrinsic gas too low: have 54299, want 54300",
 			},
 		} {
 			block := GenerateBadBlock(genesis, ethash.NewFaker(), tt.txs, gspec.Config)
@@ -453,3 +457,68 @@ func GenerateBadBlock(parent *types.Block, engine consensus.Engine, txs types.Tr
 	// Assemble and return the final block for sealing
 	return types.NewBlock(header, txs, nil, receipts, trie.NewStackTrie(nil))
 }
+
+func TestProcessParentBlockHash(t *testing.T) {
+	var (
+		chainConfig = &params.ChainConfig{
+			ChainID:             big.NewInt(1),
+			HomesteadBlock:      big.NewInt(0),
+			EIP150Block:         big.NewInt(0),
+			EIP155Block:         big.NewInt(0),
+			EIP158Block:         big.NewInt(0),
+			ByzantiumBlock:      big.NewInt(0),
+			ConstantinopleBlock: big.NewInt(0),
+			PetersburgBlock:     big.NewInt(0),
+			IstanbulBlock:       big.NewInt(0),
+			MuirGlacierBlock:    big.NewInt(0),
+			BerlinBlock:         big.NewInt(0),
+			LondonBlock:         big.NewInt(0),
+			ShanghaiBlock:       big.NewInt(0),
+			BernoulliBlock:      big.NewInt(0),
+			CurieBlock:          big.NewInt(0),
+			DarwinTime:          new(uint64),
+			DarwinV2Time:        new(uint64),
+			EuclidTime:          new(uint64),
+			EuclidV2Time:        new(uint64),
+			FeynmanTime:         new(uint64),
+			Ethash:              new(params.EthashConfig),
+		}
+		hashA    = common.Hash{0x01}
+		hashB    = common.Hash{0x02}
+		header   = &types.Header{ParentHash: hashA, Number: big.NewInt(2), Difficulty: big.NewInt(0)}
+		parent   = &types.Header{ParentHash: hashB, Number: big.NewInt(1), Difficulty: big.NewInt(0)}
+		coinbase = common.Address{}
+	)
+	test := func(statedb *state.StateDB) {
+		statedb.SetNonce(params.HistoryStorageAddress, 1)
+		statedb.SetCode(params.HistoryStorageAddress, params.HistoryStorageCode)
+		statedb.IntermediateRoot(true)
+
+		vmContext := NewEVMBlockContext(header, nil, chainConfig, &coinbase)
+		evm := vm.NewEVM(vmContext, vm.TxContext{}, statedb, chainConfig, vm.Config{})
+		ProcessParentBlockHash(header.ParentHash, evm, statedb)
+
+		vmContext = NewEVMBlockContext(parent, nil, chainConfig, &coinbase)
+		evm = vm.NewEVM(vmContext, vm.TxContext{}, statedb, chainConfig, vm.Config{})
+		ProcessParentBlockHash(parent.ParentHash, evm, statedb)
+
+		// make sure that the state is correct
+		if have := getParentBlockHash(statedb, 1); have != hashA {
+			t.Errorf("want parent hash %v, have %v", hashA, have)
+		}
+		if have := getParentBlockHash(statedb, 0); have != hashB {
+			t.Errorf("want parent hash %v, have %v", hashB, have)
+		}
+	}
+	t.Run("MPT", func(t *testing.T) {
+		statedb, _ := state.New(types.EmptyRootHash, state.NewDatabase(rawdb.NewDatabase(memorydb.New())), nil)
+		test(statedb)
+	})
+}
+
+func getParentBlockHash(statedb *state.StateDB, number uint64) common.Hash {
+	ringIndex := number % params.HistoryServeWindow
+	var key common.Hash
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(key[24:], ringIndex)
+	return statedb.GetState(params.HistoryStorageAddress, key)
+}
diff --git a/core/state_transition.go b/core/state_transition.go
index 0f480d52a3..0b01945927 100644
--- a/core/state_transition.go
+++ b/core/state_transition.go
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package core
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
 	"math/big"
@@ -141,12 +142,9 @@ func IntrinsicGas(data []byte, accessList types.AccessList, authList []types.Set
 	// Bump the required gas by the amount of transactional data
 	if dataLen > 0 {
 		// Zero and non-zero bytes are priced differently
-		var nz uint64
-		for _, byt := range data {
-			if byt != 0 {
-				nz++
-			}
-		}
+		z := uint64(bytes.Count(data, []byte{0}))
+		nz := dataLen - z
+
 		// Make sure we don't exceed uint64 for all data combinations
 		nonZeroGas := params.TxDataNonZeroGasFrontier
 		if isEIP2028 {
@@ -157,7 +155,6 @@ func IntrinsicGas(data []byte, accessList types.AccessList, authList []types.Set
 		}
 		gas += nz * nonZeroGas
 
-		z := dataLen - nz
 		if (math.MaxUint64-gas)/params.TxDataZeroGas < z {
 			return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
 		}
@@ -181,6 +178,21 @@ func IntrinsicGas(data []byte, accessList types.AccessList, authList []types.Set
 	return gas, nil
 }
 
+// FloorDataGas computes the minimum gas required for a transaction based on its data tokens (EIP-7623).
+func FloorDataGas(data []byte) (uint64, error) {
+	var (
+		z      = uint64(bytes.Count(data, []byte{0}))
+		nz     = uint64(len(data)) - z
+		tokens = nz*params.TxTokenPerNonZeroByte + z
+	)
+	// Check for overflow
+	if (math.MaxUint64-params.TxGas)/params.TxCostFloorPerToken < tokens {
+		return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
+	}
+	// Minimum gas required for a transaction based on its data tokens (EIP-7623).
+	return params.TxGas + tokens*params.TxCostFloorPerToken, nil
+}
+
 // toWordSize returns the ceiled word size required for init code payment calculation.
 func toWordSize(size uint64) uint64 {
 	if size > math.MaxUint64-31 {
@@ -269,8 +281,21 @@ func (st *StateTransition) buyGas() error {
 }
 
 func (st *StateTransition) preCheck() error {
+	// Only check transactions that are not fake
+	if !st.msg.IsFake() {
+		// Make sure the sender is an EOA
+		code := st.state.GetCode(st.msg.From())
+		_, delegated := types.ParseDelegation(code)
+		if len(code) > 0 && !delegated {
+			// If the sender on L1 is a (delegated) EOA, then it must be a (delegated) EOA on L2, too.
+			// If the sender on L1 is a contract, then we apply address aliasing.
+			// The probability that the aliased address happens to be a smart contract on L2 is negligible.
+			return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v, len(code): %d", ErrSenderNoEOA, st.msg.From().Hex(), len(code))
+		}
+	}
+
 	if st.msg.IsL1MessageTx() {
-		// No fee fields to check, no nonce to check, and no need to check if EOA (L1 already verified it for us)
+		// No fee fields to check, no nonce to check
 		// Gas is free, but no refunds!
 		st.gas += st.msg.Gas()
 		st.initialGas = st.msg.Gas()
@@ -291,12 +316,6 @@ func (st *StateTransition) preCheck() error {
 			return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v, nonce: %d", ErrNonceMax,
 				st.msg.From().Hex(), stNonce)
 		}
-		// Make sure the sender is an EOA
-		code := st.state.GetCode(st.msg.From())
-		_, delegated := types.ParseDelegation(code)
-		if len(code) > 0 && !delegated {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v, len(code): %d", ErrSenderNoEOA, st.msg.From().Hex(), len(code))
-		}
 	}
 	// Make sure that transaction gasFeeCap is greater than the baseFee (post london)
 	// Note: Logically, this should be `IsCurie`, but we keep `IsLondon` to ensure backward compatibility.
@@ -373,16 +392,30 @@ func (st *StateTransition) TransitionDb() (*ExecutionResult, error) {
 		sender           = vm.AccountRef(msg.From())
 		rules            = st.evm.ChainConfig().Rules(st.evm.Context.BlockNumber, st.evm.Context.Time.Uint64())
 		contractCreation = msg.To() == nil
+		floorDataGas     uint64
 	)
 
 	// Check clauses 4-5, subtract intrinsic gas if everything is correct
 	gas, err := IntrinsicGas(st.data, st.msg.AccessList(), st.msg.SetCodeAuthorizations(), contractCreation, rules.IsHomestead, rules.IsIstanbul, rules.IsShanghai)
 	if err != nil {
+		// Note: The L1 message queue contract ensures that this cannot happen for L1 messages.
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	if st.gas < gas {
+		// Note: The L1 message queue contract ensures that this cannot happen for L1 messages.
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: have %d, want %d", ErrIntrinsicGas, st.gas, gas)
 	}
+	// Gas limit suffices for the floor data cost (EIP-7623)
+	if rules.IsFeynman {
+		floorDataGas, err = FloorDataGas(st.data)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if st.gas < floorDataGas {
+			// Note: The L1 message queue contract ensures that this cannot happen for L1 messages.
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: have %d, want %d", ErrFloorDataGas, st.gas, floorDataGas)
+		}
+	}
 	st.gas -= gas
 
 	// Check clause 6
@@ -448,13 +481,16 @@ func (st *StateTransition) TransitionDb() (*ExecutionResult, error) {
 		}, nil
 	}
 
-	if !rules.IsLondon {
-		// Before EIP-3529: refunds were capped to gasUsed / 2
-		st.refundGas(params.RefundQuotient)
-	} else {
-		// After EIP-3529: refunds are capped to gasUsed / 5
-		st.refundGas(params.RefundQuotientEIP3529)
+	// Compute refund counter, capped to a refund quotient.
+	st.gas += st.calcRefund()
+	if rules.IsFeynman {
+		// After EIP-7623: Data-heavy transactions pay the floor gas.
+		if st.gasUsed() < floorDataGas {
+			st.gas = st.initialGas - floorDataGas
+		}
 	}
+	st.returnGas()
+
 	effectiveTip := st.gasPrice
 
 	// only burn the base fee if the fee vault is not enabled
@@ -479,7 +515,7 @@ func (st *StateTransition) TransitionDb() (*ExecutionResult, error) {
 
 // validateAuthorization validates an EIP-7702 authorization against the state.
 func (st *StateTransition) validateAuthorization(auth *types.SetCodeAuthorization) (authority common.Address, preCode []byte, err error) {
-	// Verify chain ID is 0 or equal to current chain ID.
+	// Verify chain ID is null or equal to current chain ID.
 	if !auth.ChainID.IsZero() && auth.ChainID.CmpBig(st.evm.ChainConfig().ChainID) != 0 {
 		return authority, nil, ErrAuthorizationWrongChainID
 	}
@@ -538,14 +574,25 @@ func (st *StateTransition) applyAuthorization(auth *types.SetCodeAuthorization)
 	return types.AuthorizationResult{Authority: authority, PreCode: preCode, Success: true}
 }
 
-func (st *StateTransition) refundGas(refundQuotient uint64) {
-	// Apply refund counter, capped to a refund quotient
-	refund := st.gasUsed() / refundQuotient
+// calcRefund computes refund counter, capped to a refund quotient.
+func (st *StateTransition) calcRefund() uint64 {
+	var refund uint64
+	if !st.evm.ChainConfig().IsLondon(st.evm.Context.BlockNumber) {
+		// Before EIP-3529: refunds were capped to gasUsed / 2
+		refund = st.gasUsed() / params.RefundQuotient
+	} else {
+		// After EIP-3529: refunds are capped to gasUsed / 5
+		refund = st.gasUsed() / params.RefundQuotientEIP3529
+	}
 	if refund > st.state.GetRefund() {
 		refund = st.state.GetRefund()
 	}
-	st.gas += refund
+	return refund
+}
 
+// returnGas returns ETH for remaining gas,
+// exchanged at the original rate.
+func (st *StateTransition) returnGas() {
 	// Return ETH for remaining gas, exchanged at the original rate.
 	remaining := new(big.Int).Mul(new(big.Int).SetUint64(st.gas), st.gasPrice)
 	st.state.AddBalance(st.msg.From(), remaining)
diff --git a/core/tx_pool.go b/core/tx_pool.go
index b9828789cd..3d49800e01 100644
--- a/core/tx_pool.go
+++ b/core/tx_pool.go
@@ -79,10 +79,6 @@ var (
 	// with a different one without the required price bump.
 	ErrReplaceUnderpriced = errors.New("replacement transaction underpriced")
 
-	// ErrAccountLimitExceeded is returned if a transaction would exceed the number
-	// allowed by a pool for a single account.
-	ErrAccountLimitExceeded = errors.New("account limit exceeded")
-
 	// ErrGasLimit is returned if a transaction's requested gas limit exceeds the
 	// maximum allowance of the current block.
 	ErrGasLimit = errors.New("exceeds block gas limit")
@@ -96,6 +92,14 @@ var (
 	// making the transaction invalid, rather a DOS protection.
 	ErrOversizedData = errors.New("oversized data")
 
+	// ErrInflightTxLimitReached is returned when the maximum number of in-flight
+	// transactions is reached for specific accounts.
+	ErrInflightTxLimitReached = errors.New("in-flight transaction limit reached for delegated accounts")
+
+	// ErrOutOfOrderTxFromDelegated is returned when the transaction with gapped
+	// nonce received from the accounts with delegation or pending delegation.
+	ErrOutOfOrderTxFromDelegated = errors.New("gapped-nonce tx from delegated accounts")
+
 	// ErrAuthorityReserved is returned if a transaction has an authorization
 	// signed by an address which already has in-flight transactions known to the
 	// pool.
@@ -106,7 +110,7 @@ var (
 	evictionInterval    = time.Minute     // Time interval to check for evictable transactions
 	statsReportInterval = 8 * time.Second // Time interval to report transaction pool stats
 
-	dumpReorgTxHashThreshold = 100 // Number of transaction hashse to dump when runReorg
+	dumpReorgTxHashThreshold = 100 // Number of transaction hashes to dump when runReorg
 )
 
 var (
@@ -293,6 +297,7 @@ type TxPool struct {
 	eip1559  bool // Fork indicator whether we are using EIP-1559 type transactions.
 	shanghai bool // Fork indicator whether we are in the Shanghai stage.
 	eip7702  bool // Fork indicator whether we are using EIP-7702 type transactions.
+	feynman  bool // Fork indicator whether we are in the Feynman stage.
 
 	currentState  *state.StateDB // Current state in the blockchain head
 	currentHead   *big.Int       // Current blockchain head
@@ -420,6 +425,8 @@ func (pool *TxPool) loop() {
 		journal = time.NewTicker(pool.config.Rejournal)
 		// Track the previous head headers for transaction reorgs
 		head = pool.chain.CurrentBlock()
+		// Track the min L2 base fee
+		minBaseFee = big.NewInt(0)
 	)
 	defer report.Stop()
 	defer evict.Stop()
@@ -434,6 +441,16 @@ func (pool *TxPool) loop() {
 			if ev.Block != nil {
 				pool.requestReset(head.Header(), ev.Block.Header())
 				head = ev.Block
+				for _, tx := range head.Transactions() {
+					log.Debug("TX is included in a block", "hash", tx.Hash().Hex())
+				}
+			}
+
+			newMinBaseFee := misc.MinBaseFee()
+			if minBaseFee.Cmp(newMinBaseFee) != 0 {
+				log.Debug("Updating min base fee in txpool", "old", minBaseFee, "new", newMinBaseFee)
+				minBaseFee = newMinBaseFee
+				pool.SetGasPrice(minBaseFee)
 			}
 
 		// System shutdown.
@@ -467,7 +484,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) loop() {
 				if time.Since(pool.beats[addr]) > pool.config.Lifetime {
 					list := pool.queue[addr].Flatten()
 					for _, tx := range list {
-						log.Trace("Evicting queued transaction due to timeout", "account", addr.Hex(), "hash", tx.Hash().Hex(), "lifetime sec", time.Since(pool.beats[addr]).Seconds(), "lifetime limit sec", pool.config.Lifetime.Seconds())
+						log.Debug("Evicting queued transaction due to timeout", "account", addr.Hex(), "hash", tx.Hash().Hex(), "lifetime sec", time.Since(pool.beats[addr]).Seconds(), "lifetime limit sec", pool.config.Lifetime.Seconds())
 						pool.removeTx(tx.Hash(), true)
 					}
 					queuedEvictionMeter.Mark(int64(len(list)))
@@ -483,7 +500,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) loop() {
 				if time.Since(pool.beats[addr]) > pool.config.Lifetime {
 					list := pool.pending[addr].Flatten()
 					for _, tx := range list {
-						log.Trace("Evicting pending transaction due to timeout", "account", addr.Hex(), "hash", tx.Hash().Hex(), "lifetime sec", time.Since(pool.beats[addr]).Seconds(), "lifetime limit sec", pool.config.Lifetime.Seconds())
+						log.Debug("Evicting pending transaction due to timeout", "account", addr.Hex(), "hash", tx.Hash().Hex(), "lifetime sec", time.Since(pool.beats[addr]).Seconds(), "lifetime limit sec", pool.config.Lifetime.Seconds())
 						pool.removeTx(tx.Hash(), true)
 					}
 					pendingEvictionMeter.Mark(int64(len(list)))
@@ -546,6 +563,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) SetGasPrice(price *big.Int) {
 		// pool.priced is sorted by GasFeeCap, so we have to iterate through pool.all instead
 		drop := pool.all.RemotesBelowTip(price)
 		for _, tx := range drop {
+			log.Debug("Removing transaction below price limit", "hash", tx.Hash().Hex(), "price", tx.GasFeeCap().String(), "limit", price.String())
 			pool.removeTx(tx.Hash(), false)
 		}
 		pool.priced.Removed(len(drop))
@@ -809,19 +827,8 @@ func (pool *TxPool) validateTx(tx *types.Transaction, local bool) error {
 	if pool.currentState.GetBalance(from).Cmp(tx.Cost()) < 0 {
 		return ErrInsufficientFunds
 	}
-	list := pool.pending[from]
-	if list == nil || !list.Overlaps(tx) {
-		// Transaction takes a new nonce value out of the pool. Ensure it doesn't
-		// overflow the number of permitted transactions from a single account
-		// (i.e. max cancellable via out-of-bound transaction).
-		if used, left := usedAndLeftSlots(pool, from); left <= 0 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: pooled %d txs", ErrAccountLimitExceeded, used)
-		}
-		// Verify no authorizations will invalidate existing transactions known to
-		// the pool.
-		if conflicts := knownConflicts(pool, tx.SetCodeAuthorities()); len(conflicts) > 0 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: authorization conflicts with other known tx", ErrAuthorityReserved)
-		}
+	if err := pool.validateAuth(from, tx); err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 	if tx.Type() == types.SetCodeTxType {
 		if len(tx.SetCodeAuthorizations()) == 0 {
@@ -835,6 +842,11 @@ func (pool *TxPool) validateTx(tx *types.Transaction, local bool) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to calculate L1 data fee, err: %w", err)
 		}
+		// Reject transactions that require the max data fee amount.
+		// This can only happen if the L1 gas oracle is updated incorrectly.
+		if l1DataFee.Cmp(fees.MaxL1DataFee()) >= 0 {
+			return errors.New("invalid transaction: invalid L1 data fee")
+		}
 		// Transactor should have enough funds to cover the costs
 		// cost == L1 data fee + V + GP * GL
 		if b := pool.currentState.GetBalance(from); b.Cmp(new(big.Int).Add(tx.Cost(), l1DataFee)) < 0 {
@@ -849,6 +861,16 @@ func (pool *TxPool) validateTx(tx *types.Transaction, local bool) error {
 	if tx.Gas() < intrGas {
 		return ErrIntrinsicGas
 	}
+	// Ensure the transaction can cover floor data gas.
+	if pool.feynman {
+		floorDataGas, err := FloorDataGas(tx.Data())
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if tx.Gas() < floorDataGas {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%w: gas %v, minimum needed %v", ErrFloorDataGas, tx.Gas(), floorDataGas)
+		}
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -863,13 +885,13 @@ func (pool *TxPool) add(tx *types.Transaction, local bool) (replaced bool, err e
 	// If the transaction is already known, discard it
 	hash := tx.Hash()
 	if pool.all.Get(hash) != nil {
-		log.Trace("Discarding already known transaction", "hash", hash.Hex())
+		log.Debug("Discarding already known transaction when adding the transaction", "hash", hash.Hex())
 		knownTxMeter.Mark(1)
 		return false, ErrAlreadyKnown
 	}
 
 	if pool.IsMiner() && rawdb.IsSkippedTransaction(pool.chain.Database(), hash) {
-		log.Trace("Discarding already known skipped transaction", "hash", hash.Hex())
+		log.Debug("Discarding already known skipped transaction when adding the transaction", "hash", hash.Hex())
 		knownSkippedTxMeter.Mark(1)
 		return false, ErrAlreadyKnown
 	}
@@ -880,7 +902,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) add(tx *types.Transaction, local bool) (replaced bool, err e
 
 	// If the transaction fails basic validation, discard it
 	if err := pool.validateTx(tx, isLocal); err != nil {
-		log.Trace("Discarding invalid transaction", "hash", hash.Hex(), "err", err)
+		log.Debug("Discarding invalid transaction when adding the transaction", "hash", hash.Hex(), "err", err)
 		invalidTxMeter.Mark(1)
 		return false, err
 	}
@@ -888,7 +910,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) add(tx *types.Transaction, local bool) (replaced bool, err e
 	if uint64(pool.all.Slots()+numSlots(tx)) > pool.config.GlobalSlots+pool.config.GlobalQueue {
 		// If the new transaction is underpriced, don't accept it
 		if !isLocal && pool.priced.Underpriced(tx) {
-			log.Trace("Discarding underpriced transaction", "hash", hash.Hex(), "gasTipCap", tx.GasTipCap(), "gasFeeCap", tx.GasFeeCap())
+			log.Debug("Discarding underpriced transaction when transaction pool is full", "hash", hash.Hex(), "gasTipCap", tx.GasTipCap(), "gasFeeCap", tx.GasFeeCap())
 			underpricedTxMeter.Mark(1)
 			return false, ErrUnderpriced
 		}
@@ -908,7 +930,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) add(tx *types.Transaction, local bool) (replaced bool, err e
 
 		// Special case, we still can't make the room for the new remote one.
 		if !isLocal && !success {
-			log.Trace("Discarding overflown transaction", "hash", hash.Hex())
+			log.Debug("Discarding overflown transaction when transaction pool is full", "hash", hash.Hex(), "gasTipCap", tx.GasTipCap(), "gasFeeCap", tx.GasFeeCap())
 			overflowedTxMeter.Mark(1)
 			return false, ErrTxPoolOverflow
 		}
@@ -916,7 +938,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) add(tx *types.Transaction, local bool) (replaced bool, err e
 		pool.changesSinceReorg += len(drop)
 		// Kick out the underpriced remote transactions.
 		for _, tx := range drop {
-			log.Trace("Discarding freshly underpriced transaction", "hash", tx.Hash(), "gasTipCap", tx.GasTipCap(), "gasFeeCap", tx.GasFeeCap())
+			log.Debug("Discarding underpriced transaction when transaction pool is full", "hash", tx.Hash().Hex(), "gasTipCap", tx.GasTipCap(), "gasFeeCap", tx.GasFeeCap())
 			underpricedTxMeter.Mark(1)
 			pool.removeTx(tx.Hash(), false)
 		}
@@ -927,11 +949,13 @@ func (pool *TxPool) add(tx *types.Transaction, local bool) (replaced bool, err e
 		// Nonce already pending, check if required price bump is met
 		inserted, old := list.Add(tx, pool.currentState, pool.config.PriceBump, pool.chainconfig, pool.currentHead)
 		if !inserted {
+			log.Debug("Discarding underpriced pending transaction", "hash", hash.Hex(), "gasTipCap", tx.GasTipCap(), "gasFeeCap", tx.GasFeeCap())
 			pendingDiscardMeter.Mark(1)
 			return false, ErrReplaceUnderpriced
 		}
 		// New transaction is better, replace old one
 		if old != nil {
+			log.Debug("Replacing pending transaction", "hash", tx.Hash().Hex(), "old", old.Hash().Hex())
 			pool.all.Remove(old.Hash())
 			pool.calculateTxsLifecycle(types.Transactions{old}, time.Now())
 			pool.priced.Removed(1)
@@ -941,7 +965,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) add(tx *types.Transaction, local bool) (replaced bool, err e
 		pool.priced.Put(tx, isLocal)
 		pool.journalTx(from, tx)
 		pool.queueTxEvent(tx)
-		log.Trace("Pooled new executable transaction", "hash", hash.Hex(), "from", from.Hex(), "to", tx.To())
+		log.Debug("Pooled new executable transaction", "hash", hash.Hex(), "from", from.Hex(), "to", tx.To(), "gasTipCap", tx.GasTipCap(), "gasFeeCap", tx.GasFeeCap())
 
 		// Successful promotion, bump the heartbeat
 		pool.beats[from] = time.Now()
@@ -963,7 +987,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) add(tx *types.Transaction, local bool) (replaced bool, err e
 	}
 	pool.journalTx(from, tx)
 
-	log.Trace("Pooled new future transaction", "hash", hash.Hex(), "from", from.Hex(), "to", tx.To())
+	log.Debug("Pooled new future transaction", "hash", hash.Hex(), "from", from.Hex(), "to", tx.To(), "gasTipCap", tx.GasTipCap(), "gasFeeCap", tx.GasFeeCap())
 	return replaced, nil
 }
 
@@ -980,11 +1004,13 @@ func (pool *TxPool) enqueueTx(hash common.Hash, tx *types.Transaction, local boo
 	inserted, old := pool.queue[from].Add(tx, pool.currentState, pool.config.PriceBump, pool.chainconfig, pool.currentHead)
 	if !inserted {
 		// An older transaction was better, discard this
+		log.Debug("Discarding underpriced queued transaction", "hash", hash.Hex(), "gasTipCap", tx.GasTipCap(), "gasFeeCap", tx.GasFeeCap())
 		queuedDiscardMeter.Mark(1)
 		return false, ErrReplaceUnderpriced
 	}
 	// Discard any previous transaction and mark this
 	if old != nil {
+		log.Debug("Replacing queued transaction", "hash", tx.Hash().Hex(), "old", old.Hash().Hex())
 		pool.all.Remove(old.Hash())
 		pool.priced.Removed(1)
 		pool.calculateTxsLifecycle(types.Transactions{old}, time.Now())
@@ -1034,6 +1060,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) promoteTx(addr common.Address, hash common.Hash, tx *types.T
 
 	// Account pending list is full
 	if uint64(list.Len()) >= pool.config.AccountPendingLimit {
+		log.Debug("Discarding pending transaction when account pending limit is reached", "hash", hash.Hex(), "gasTipCap", tx.GasTipCap(), "gasFeeCap", tx.GasFeeCap())
 		pool.all.Remove(hash)
 		pool.calculateTxsLifecycle(types.Transactions{tx}, time.Now())
 		pool.priced.Removed(1)
@@ -1044,6 +1071,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) promoteTx(addr common.Address, hash common.Hash, tx *types.T
 	inserted, old := list.Add(tx, pool.currentState, pool.config.PriceBump, pool.chainconfig, pool.currentHead)
 	if !inserted {
 		// An older transaction was better, discard this
+		log.Debug("Discarding underpriced pending transaction", "hash", hash.Hex(), "gasTipCap", tx.GasTipCap(), "gasFeeCap", tx.GasFeeCap())
 		pool.all.Remove(hash)
 		pool.calculateTxsLifecycle(types.Transactions{tx}, time.Now())
 		pool.priced.Removed(1)
@@ -1052,6 +1080,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) promoteTx(addr common.Address, hash common.Hash, tx *types.T
 	}
 	// Otherwise discard any previous transaction and mark this
 	if old != nil {
+		log.Debug("Replacing pending transaction", "hash", tx.Hash().Hex(), "old", old.Hash().Hex())
 		pool.all.Remove(old.Hash())
 		pool.calculateTxsLifecycle(types.Transactions{old}, time.Now())
 		pool.priced.Removed(1)
@@ -1060,7 +1089,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) promoteTx(addr common.Address, hash common.Hash, tx *types.T
 		// Nothing was replaced, bump the pending counter
 		pendingGauge.Inc(1)
 	}
-	log.Trace("Transaction promoted from future queue to pending", "hash", hash.Hex(), "from", addr.Hex(), "to", tx.To())
+	log.Debug("Transaction promoted from future queue to pending", "hash", hash.Hex(), "from", addr.Hex(), "to", tx.To())
 	// Set the potentially new pending nonce and notify any subsystems of the new tx
 	pool.pendingNonces.set(addr, tx.Nonce()+1)
 
@@ -1233,7 +1262,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) removeTx(hash common.Hash, outofbound bool) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	log.Trace("Removing transaction from pool", "hash", hash.Hex())
+	log.Debug("Removing transaction from pool", "hash", hash.Hex())
 
 	addr, _ := types.Sender(pool.signer, tx) // already validated during insertion
 
@@ -1463,10 +1492,10 @@ func (pool *TxPool) runReorg(done chan struct{}, reset *txpoolResetRequest, dirt
 		}
 		pool.txFeed.Send(NewTxsEvent{txs})
 
-		log.Debug("runReorg", "len(txs)", len(txs))
+		log.Trace("runReorg", "len(txs)", len(txs))
 		if len(txs) > dumpReorgTxHashThreshold {
 			for _, txs := range txs {
-				log.Debug("dumping runReorg tx hashes", "txHash", txs.Hash().Hex())
+				log.Trace("dumping runReorg tx hashes", "txHash", txs.Hash().Hex())
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -1535,6 +1564,10 @@ func (pool *TxPool) reset(oldHead, newHead *types.Header) {
 					}
 				}
 				reinject = types.TxDifference(discarded, included)
+
+				for _, tx := range reinject {
+					log.Debug("TX is removed from old chain due to reorg", "hash", tx.Hash().Hex())
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -1552,7 +1585,9 @@ func (pool *TxPool) reset(oldHead, newHead *types.Header) {
 	pool.currentMaxGas = newHead.GasLimit
 
 	// Inject any transactions discarded due to reorgs
-	log.Debug("Reinjecting stale transactions", "count", len(reinject))
+	if len(reinject) > 0 {
+		log.Debug("Reinjecting stale transactions", "count", len(reinject))
+	}
 	senderCacher.recover(pool.signer, reinject)
 	pool.addTxsLocked(reinject, false)
 
@@ -1564,6 +1599,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) reset(oldHead, newHead *types.Header) {
 	pool.eip1559 = pool.chainconfig.IsCurie(next)
 	pool.shanghai = pool.chainconfig.IsShanghai(next)
 	pool.eip7702 = pool.chainconfig.IsEuclidV2(newHead.Time)
+	pool.feynman = pool.chainconfig.IsFeynman(newHead.Time)
 
 	// Update current head
 	pool.currentHead = next
@@ -1588,6 +1624,9 @@ func (pool *TxPool) promoteExecutables(accounts []common.Address) []*types.Trans
 			hash := tx.Hash()
 			pool.all.Remove(hash)
 			pool.calculateTxsLifecycle(types.Transactions{tx}, time.Now())
+			// This is a special case where the transaction was already included in a block,
+			// thus no need to mark it as removed, setting a trace log level to avoid confusion.
+			log.Trace("Removed queued transaction with low nonce", "hash", hash.Hex())
 		}
 		log.Trace("Removed old queued transactions", "count", len(forwards))
 
@@ -1598,6 +1637,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) promoteExecutables(accounts []common.Address) []*types.Trans
 			hash := tx.Hash()
 			pool.all.Remove(hash)
 			pool.calculateTxsLifecycle(types.Transactions{tx}, time.Now())
+			log.Debug("Removed unpayable queued transaction", "hash", hash.Hex())
 		}
 		log.Trace("Removed unpayable queued transactions", "count", len(drops))
 		queuedNofundsMeter.Mark(int64(len(drops)))
@@ -1621,7 +1661,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) promoteExecutables(accounts []common.Address) []*types.Trans
 				hash := tx.Hash()
 				pool.all.Remove(hash)
 				pool.calculateTxsLifecycle(types.Transactions{tx}, time.Now())
-				log.Trace("Removed cap-exceeding queued transaction", "hash", hash.Hex())
+				log.Debug("Removed cap-exceeding queued transaction", "hash", hash.Hex())
 			}
 			queuedRateLimitMeter.Mark(int64(len(caps)))
 		}
@@ -1679,7 +1719,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) truncatePending() {
 				// Update the account nonce to the dropped transaction
 				// note: this will set pending nonce to the min nonce from the discarded txs
 				pool.pendingNonces.setIfLower(addr, tx.Nonce())
-				log.Trace("Removed pending transaction to comply with hard limit", "hash", hash.Hex())
+				log.Debug("Removed pending transaction to comply with hard limit", "hash", hash.Hex())
 			}
 			pool.priced.Removed(len(caps))
 			pendingGauge.Dec(int64(len(caps)))
@@ -1732,7 +1772,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) truncatePending() {
 
 						// Update the account nonce to the dropped transaction
 						pool.pendingNonces.setIfLower(offenders[i], tx.Nonce())
-						log.Trace("Removed fairness-exceeding pending transaction", "hash", hash.Hex())
+						log.Debug("Removed fairness-exceeding pending transaction", "hash", hash.Hex())
 					}
 					pool.priced.Removed(len(caps))
 					pendingGauge.Dec(int64(len(caps)))
@@ -1760,7 +1800,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) truncatePending() {
 
 					// Update the account nonce to the dropped transaction
 					pool.pendingNonces.setIfLower(addr, tx.Nonce())
-					log.Trace("Removed fairness-exceeding pending transaction", "hash", hash)
+					log.Debug("Removed fairness-exceeding pending transaction", "hash", hash.Hex())
 				}
 				pool.priced.Removed(len(caps))
 				pendingGauge.Dec(int64(len(caps)))
@@ -1803,6 +1843,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) truncateQueue() {
 		// Drop all transactions if they are less than the overflow
 		if size := uint64(list.Len()); size <= drop {
 			for _, tx := range list.Flatten() {
+				log.Debug("Removed fairness-exceeding queued transaction", "hash", tx.Hash().Hex())
 				pool.removeTx(tx.Hash(), true)
 			}
 			drop -= size
@@ -1812,6 +1853,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) truncateQueue() {
 		// Otherwise drop only last few transactions
 		txs := list.Flatten()
 		for i := len(txs) - 1; i >= 0 && drop > 0; i-- {
+			log.Debug("Removed fairness-exceeding queued transaction", "hash", txs[i].Hash().Hex())
 			pool.removeTx(txs[i].Hash(), true)
 			drop--
 			queuedRateLimitMeter.Mark(1)
@@ -1837,22 +1879,24 @@ func (pool *TxPool) demoteUnexecutables() {
 			hash := tx.Hash()
 			pool.all.Remove(hash)
 			pool.calculateTxsLifecycle(types.Transactions{tx}, time.Now())
-			log.Trace("Removed old pending transaction", "hash", hash.Hex())
+			// This is a special case where the transaction was already included in a block,
+			// thus no need to mark it as removed, setting a trace log level to avoid confusion.
+			log.Trace("Removed pending transaction with low nonce", "hash", hash.Hex())
 		}
 		// Drop all transactions that are too costly (low balance or out of gas), and queue any invalids back for later
 		costLimit := pool.currentState.GetBalance(addr)
 		drops, invalids := list.FilterF(costLimit, pool.currentMaxGas, pool.executableTxFilter(costLimit))
 		for _, tx := range drops {
 			hash := tx.Hash()
-			log.Trace("Removed unpayable pending transaction", "hash", hash.Hex())
 			pool.all.Remove(hash)
 			pool.calculateTxsLifecycle(types.Transactions{tx}, time.Now())
+			log.Debug("Removed unpayable pending transaction", "hash", hash.Hex())
 		}
 		pendingNofundsMeter.Mark(int64(len(drops)))
 
 		for _, tx := range invalids {
 			hash := tx.Hash()
-			log.Trace("Demoting pending transaction", "hash", hash.Hex())
+			log.Debug("Demoting pending transaction", "hash", hash.Hex())
 
 			// Internal shuffle shouldn't touch the lookup set.
 			pool.enqueueTx(hash, tx, false, false)
@@ -1866,7 +1910,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) demoteUnexecutables() {
 			gapped := list.Cap(0)
 			for _, tx := range gapped {
 				hash := tx.Hash()
-				log.Error("Demoting invalidated transaction", "hash", hash)
+				log.Error("Demoting invalidated transaction", "hash", hash.Hex())
 
 				// Internal shuffle shouldn't touch the lookup set.
 				pool.enqueueTx(hash, tx, false, false)
@@ -1895,6 +1939,57 @@ func (pool *TxPool) calculateTxsLifecycle(txs types.Transactions, t time.Time) {
 	}
 }
 
+// checkDelegationLimit determines if the tx sender is delegated or has a
+// pending delegation, and if so, ensures they have at most one in-flight
+// **executable** transaction, e.g. disallow stacked and gapped transactions
+// from the account.
+func (pool *TxPool) checkDelegationLimit(from common.Address, tx *types.Transaction) error {
+	// Short circuit if the sender has neither delegation nor pending delegation.
+	if pool.currentState.GetKeccakCodeHash(from) == codehash.EmptyKeccakCodeHash && len(pool.all.auths[from]) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	pending := pool.pending[from]
+	if pending == nil {
+		// Transaction with gapped nonce is not supported for delegated accounts
+		if pool.pendingNonces.get(from) != tx.Nonce() {
+			return ErrOutOfOrderTxFromDelegated
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	// Transaction replacement is supported
+	if pending.Overlaps(tx) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return ErrInflightTxLimitReached
+}
+
+// validateAuth verifies that the transaction complies with code authorization
+// restrictions brought by SetCode transaction type.
+func (pool *TxPool) validateAuth(from common.Address, tx *types.Transaction) error {
+	// Allow at most one in-flight tx for delegated accounts or those with a
+	// pending authorization.
+	if err := pool.checkDelegationLimit(from, tx); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	// For symmetry, allow at most one in-flight tx for any authority with a
+	// pending transaction.
+	if auths := tx.SetCodeAuthorities(); len(auths) > 0 {
+		for _, auth := range auths {
+			var count int
+			if pending := pool.pending[auth]; pending != nil {
+				count += pending.Len()
+			}
+			if queue := pool.queue[auth]; queue != nil {
+				count += queue.Len()
+			}
+			if count > 1 {
+				return ErrAuthorityReserved
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // PauseReorgs stops any new reorg jobs to be started but doesn't interrupt any existing ones that are in flight
 // Keep in mind this function might block, although it is not expected to block for any significant amount of time
 func (pool *TxPool) PauseReorgs() {
@@ -2132,7 +2227,6 @@ func (t *txLookup) Remove(hash common.Hash) {
 	t.lock.Lock()
 	defer t.lock.Unlock()
 
-	t.removeAuthorities(hash)
 	tx, ok := t.locals[hash]
 	if !ok {
 		tx, ok = t.remotes[hash]
@@ -2141,6 +2235,7 @@ func (t *txLookup) Remove(hash common.Hash) {
 		log.Error("No transaction found to be deleted", "hash", hash)
 		return
 	}
+	t.removeAuthorities(tx)
 	t.slots -= numSlots(tx)
 	slotsGauge.Update(int64(t.slots))
 
@@ -2196,8 +2291,9 @@ func (t *txLookup) addAuthorities(tx *types.Transaction) {
 
 // removeAuthorities stops tracking the supplied tx in relation to its
 // authorities.
-func (t *txLookup) removeAuthorities(hash common.Hash) {
-	for addr := range t.auths {
+func (t *txLookup) removeAuthorities(tx *types.Transaction) {
+	hash := tx.Hash()
+	for _, addr := range tx.SetCodeAuthorities() {
 		list := t.auths[addr]
 		// Remove tx from tracker.
 		if i := slices.Index(list, hash); i >= 0 {
@@ -2218,34 +2314,3 @@ func (t *txLookup) removeAuthorities(hash common.Hash) {
 func numSlots(tx *types.Transaction) int {
 	return int((tx.Size() + txSlotSize - 1) / txSlotSize)
 }
-
-// usedAndLeftSlots returns the number of slots used and left for the given address.
-func usedAndLeftSlots(pool *TxPool, addr common.Address) (int, int) {
-	var have int
-	if list := pool.pending[addr]; list != nil {
-		have += list.Len()
-	}
-	if list := pool.queue[addr]; list != nil {
-		have += list.Len()
-	}
-	if pool.currentState.GetKeccakCodeHash(addr) != codehash.EmptyKeccakCodeHash || len(pool.all.auths[addr]) != 0 {
-		// Allow at most one in-flight tx for delegated accounts or those with
-		// a pending authorization.
-		return have, max(0, 1-have)
-	}
-	return have, math.MaxInt
-}
-
-// knownConflicts returns a list of addresses that conflict with the given authorities.
-func knownConflicts(pool *TxPool, auths []common.Address) []common.Address {
-	var conflicts []common.Address
-	// Authorities cannot conflict with any pending or queued transactions.
-	for _, addr := range auths {
-		if list := pool.pending[addr]; list != nil {
-			conflicts = append(conflicts, addr)
-		} else if list := pool.queue[addr]; list != nil {
-			conflicts = append(conflicts, addr)
-		}
-	}
-	return conflicts
-}
diff --git a/core/tx_pool_test.go b/core/tx_pool_test.go
index e97b8be96a..7d9501a807 100644
--- a/core/tx_pool_test.go
+++ b/core/tx_pool_test.go
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import (
 	"math/big"
 	"math/rand"
 	"os"
+	"slices"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
@@ -156,6 +157,10 @@ func pricedSetCodeTx(nonce uint64, gaslimit uint64, gasFee, tip *uint256.Int, ke
 		})
 		authList = append(authList, auth)
 	}
+	return pricedSetCodeTxWithAuth(nonce, gaslimit, gasFee, tip, key, authList)
+}
+
+func pricedSetCodeTxWithAuth(nonce uint64, gaslimit uint64, gasFee, tip *uint256.Int, key *ecdsa.PrivateKey, authList []types.SetCodeAuthorization) *types.Transaction {
 	return types.MustSignNewTx(key, types.LatestSignerForChainID(params.TestChainConfig.ChainID), &types.SetCodeTx{
 		ChainID:    uint256.MustFromBig(params.TestChainConfig.ChainID),
 		Nonce:      nonce,
@@ -214,6 +219,34 @@ func validateTxPoolInternals(pool *TxPool) error {
 			return fmt.Errorf("pending nonce mismatch: have %v, want %v", nonce, last+1)
 		}
 	}
+	// Ensure all auths in pool are tracked
+	for _, tx := range pool.all.locals {
+		for _, addr := range tx.SetCodeAuthorities() {
+			list := pool.all.auths[addr]
+			if i := slices.Index(list, tx.Hash()); i < 0 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("authority not tracked: addr %s, tx %s", addr, tx.Hash())
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	for _, tx := range pool.all.remotes {
+		for _, addr := range tx.SetCodeAuthorities() {
+			list := pool.all.auths[addr]
+			if i := slices.Index(list, tx.Hash()); i < 0 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("authority not tracked: addr %s, tx %s", addr, tx.Hash())
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	// Ensure all auths in pool have an associated tx in locals or remotes.
+	for addr, hashes := range pool.all.auths {
+		for _, hash := range hashes {
+			_, inLocals := pool.all.locals[hash]
+			_, inRemotes := pool.all.remotes[hash]
+
+			if !inLocals && !inRemotes {
+				return fmt.Errorf("dangling authority, missing originating tx: addr %s, hash %s", addr, hash.Hex())
+			}
+		}
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -2689,29 +2722,98 @@ func TestSetCodeTransactions(t *testing.T) {
 	}{
 		{
 			// Check that only one in-flight transaction is allowed for accounts
-			// with delegation set. Also verify the accepted transaction can be
-			// replaced by fee.
-			name:    "only-one-in-flight",
+			// with delegation set.
+			name:    "accept-one-inflight-tx-of-delegated-account",
 			pending: 1,
 			run: func(name string, pool *TxPool, statedb *state.StateDB) {
 				aa := common.Address{0xaa, 0xaa}
 				statedb.SetCode(addrA, append(types.DelegationPrefix, aa.Bytes()...))
 				statedb.SetCode(aa, []byte{byte(vm.ADDRESS), byte(vm.PUSH0), byte(vm.SSTORE)})
+
+				// Send gapped transaction, it should be rejected.
+				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedTransaction(2, 100000, big.NewInt(1), keyA)); !errors.Is(err, ErrOutOfOrderTxFromDelegated) {
+					t.Fatalf("%s: error mismatch: want %v, have %v", name, ErrOutOfOrderTxFromDelegated, err)
+				}
 				// Send transactions. First is accepted, second is rejected.
 				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedTransaction(0, 100000, big.NewInt(1), keyA)); err != nil {
 					t.Fatalf("%s: failed to add remote transaction: %v", name, err)
 				}
-				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedTransaction(1, 100000, big.NewInt(1), keyA)); !errors.Is(err, ErrAccountLimitExceeded) {
-					t.Fatalf("%s: error mismatch: want %v, have %v", name, ErrAccountLimitExceeded, err)
+				// Second and further transactions shall be rejected
+				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedTransaction(1, 100000, big.NewInt(1), keyA)); !errors.Is(err, ErrInflightTxLimitReached) {
+					t.Fatalf("%s: error mismatch: want %v, have %v", name, ErrInflightTxLimitReached, err)
 				}
-				// Also check gapped transaction.
-				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedTransaction(2, 100000, big.NewInt(1), keyA)); !errors.Is(err, ErrAccountLimitExceeded) {
-					t.Fatalf("%s: error mismatch: want %v, have %v", name, ErrAccountLimitExceeded, err)
+				// Check gapped transaction again.
+				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedTransaction(2, 100000, big.NewInt(1), keyA)); !errors.Is(err, ErrInflightTxLimitReached) {
+					t.Fatalf("%s: error mismatch: want %v, have %v", name, ErrInflightTxLimitReached, err)
 				}
 				// Replace by fee.
 				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedTransaction(0, 100000, big.NewInt(10), keyA)); err != nil {
 					t.Fatalf("%s: failed to replace with remote transaction: %v", name, err)
 				}
+
+				// Reset the delegation, avoid leaking state into the other tests
+				statedb.SetCode(addrA, nil)
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			// This test is analogous to the previous one, but the delegation is pending
+			// instead of set.
+			name:    "allow-one-tx-from-pooled-delegation",
+			pending: 2,
+			run: func(name string, pool *TxPool, statedb *state.StateDB) {
+				// Create a pending delegation request from B.
+				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(setCodeTx(0, keyA, []unsignedAuth{{0, keyB}})); err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("%s: failed to add with remote setcode transaction: %v", name, err)
+				}
+				// First transaction from B is accepted.
+				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedTransaction(0, 100000, big.NewInt(1), keyB)); err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("%s: failed to add remote transaction: %v", name, err)
+				}
+				// Second transaction fails due to limit.
+				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedTransaction(1, 100000, big.NewInt(1), keyB)); !errors.Is(err, ErrInflightTxLimitReached) {
+					t.Fatalf("%s: error mismatch: want %v, have %v", name, ErrInflightTxLimitReached, err)
+				}
+				// Replace by fee for first transaction from B works.
+				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedTransaction(0, 100000, big.NewInt(2), keyB)); err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("%s: failed to add remote transaction: %v", name, err)
+				}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			// This is the symmetric case of the previous one, where the delegation request
+			// is received after the transaction. The resulting state shall be the same.
+			name:    "accept-authorization-from-sender-of-one-inflight-tx",
+			pending: 2,
+			run: func(name string, pool *TxPool, statedb *state.StateDB) {
+				// The first in-flight transaction is accepted.
+				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedTransaction(0, 100000, big.NewInt(1), keyB)); err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("%s: failed to add with pending delegation: %v", name, err)
+				}
+				// Delegation is accepted.
+				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(setCodeTx(0, keyA, []unsignedAuth{{0, keyB}})); err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("%s: failed to add remote transaction: %v", name, err)
+				}
+				// The second in-flight transaction is rejected.
+				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedTransaction(1, 100000, big.NewInt(1), keyB)); !errors.Is(err, ErrInflightTxLimitReached) {
+					t.Fatalf("%s: error mismatch: want %v, have %v", name, ErrInflightTxLimitReached, err)
+				}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "reject-authorization-from-sender-with-more-than-one-inflight-tx",
+			pending: 2,
+			run: func(name string, pool *TxPool, statedb *state.StateDB) {
+				// Submit two transactions.
+				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedTransaction(0, 100000, big.NewInt(1), keyB)); err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("%s: failed to add with pending delegation: %v", name, err)
+				}
+				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedTransaction(1, 100000, big.NewInt(1), keyB)); err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("%s: failed to add with pending delegation: %v", name, err)
+				}
+				// Delegation rejected since two txs are already in-flight.
+				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(setCodeTx(0, keyA, []unsignedAuth{{0, keyB}})); !errors.Is(err, ErrAuthorityReserved) {
+					t.Fatalf("%s: error mismatch: want %v, have %v", name, ErrAuthorityReserved, err)
+				}
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -2719,7 +2821,7 @@ func TestSetCodeTransactions(t *testing.T) {
 			pending: 2,
 			run: func(name string, pool *TxPool, statedb *state.StateDB) {
 				// Send two transactions where the first has no conflicting delegations and
-				// the second should be allowed despite conflicting with the authorities in 1).
+				// the second should be allowed despite conflicting with the authorities in the first.
 				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(setCodeTx(0, keyA, []unsignedAuth{{1, keyC}})); err != nil {
 					t.Fatalf("%s: failed to add with remote setcode transaction: %v", name, err)
 				}
@@ -2728,28 +2830,10 @@ func TestSetCodeTransactions(t *testing.T) {
 				}
 			},
 		},
-		{
-			name:    "allow-one-tx-from-pooled-delegation",
-			pending: 2,
-			run: func(name string, pool *TxPool, statedb *state.StateDB) {
-				// Verify C cannot originate another transaction when it has a pooled delegation.
-				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(setCodeTx(0, keyA, []unsignedAuth{{0, keyC}})); err != nil {
-					t.Fatalf("%s: failed to add with remote setcode transaction: %v", name, err)
-				}
-				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedTransaction(0, 100000, big.NewInt(1), keyC)); err != nil {
-					t.Fatalf("%s: failed to add with pending delegation: %v", name, err)
-				}
-				// Also check gapped transaction is rejected.
-				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedTransaction(1, 100000, big.NewInt(1), keyC)); !errors.Is(err, ErrAccountLimitExceeded) {
-					t.Fatalf("%s: error mismatch: want %v, have %v", name, ErrAccountLimitExceeded, err)
-				}
-			},
-		},
 		{
 			name:    "replace-by-fee-setcode-tx",
 			pending: 1,
 			run: func(name string, pool *TxPool, statedb *state.StateDB) {
-				// 4. Fee bump the setcode tx send.
 				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(setCodeTx(0, keyB, []unsignedAuth{{1, keyC}})); err != nil {
 					t.Fatalf("%s: failed to add with remote setcode transaction: %v", name, err)
 				}
@@ -2760,42 +2844,87 @@ func TestSetCodeTransactions(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name:    "allow-tx-from-replaced-authority",
-			pending: 2,
+			pending: 3,
 			run: func(name string, pool *TxPool, statedb *state.StateDB) {
-				// Fee bump with a different auth list. Make sure that unlocks the authorities.
+				// Send transaction from A with B as an authority.
 				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedSetCodeTx(0, 250000, uint256.NewInt(10), uint256.NewInt(3), keyA, []unsignedAuth{{0, keyB}})); err != nil {
 					t.Fatalf("%s: failed to add with remote setcode transaction: %v", name, err)
 				}
+				// Replace transaction with another having C as an authority.
 				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedSetCodeTx(0, 250000, uint256.NewInt(3000), uint256.NewInt(300), keyA, []unsignedAuth{{0, keyC}})); err != nil {
 					t.Fatalf("%s: failed to add with remote setcode transaction: %v", name, err)
 				}
-				// Now send a regular tx from B.
+				// B should not be considred as having an in-flight delegation, so
+				// should allow more than one pooled transaction.
 				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedTransaction(0, 100000, big.NewInt(10), keyB)); err != nil {
 					t.Fatalf("%s: failed to replace with remote transaction: %v", name, err)
 				}
+				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedTransaction(1, 100000, big.NewInt(10), keyB)); err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("%s: failed to replace with remote transaction: %v", name, err)
+				}
 			},
 		},
 		{
+			// This test is analogous to the previous one, but the the replaced
+			// transaction is self-sponsored.
 			name:    "allow-tx-from-replaced-self-sponsor-authority",
-			pending: 2,
+			pending: 3,
 			run: func(name string, pool *TxPool, statedb *state.StateDB) {
+				// Reset the delegation
+				statedb.SetCode(addrA, nil)
+
+				// Send transaction from A with A as an authority.
 				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedSetCodeTx(0, 250000, uint256.NewInt(10), uint256.NewInt(3), keyA, []unsignedAuth{{0, keyA}})); err != nil {
 					t.Fatalf("%s: failed to add with remote setcode transaction: %v", name, err)
 				}
+				// Replace transaction with a transaction with B as an authority.
 				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedSetCodeTx(0, 250000, uint256.NewInt(30), uint256.NewInt(30), keyA, []unsignedAuth{{0, keyB}})); err != nil {
 					t.Fatalf("%s: failed to add with remote setcode transaction: %v", name, err)
 				}
-				// Now send a regular tx from keyA.
-				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedTransaction(0, 100000, big.NewInt(1000), keyA)); err != nil {
+				// The one in-flight transaction limit from A no longer applies, so we
+				// can stack a second transaction for the account.
+				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedTransaction(1, 100000, big.NewInt(1000), keyA)); err != nil {
 					t.Fatalf("%s: failed to replace with remote transaction: %v", name, err)
 				}
-				// Make sure we can still send from keyB.
+				// B should still be able to send transactions.
 				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedTransaction(0, 100000, big.NewInt(1000), keyB)); err != nil {
 					t.Fatalf("%s: failed to replace with remote transaction: %v", name, err)
 				}
+				// However B still has the limitation to one in-flight transaction.
+				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedTransaction(1, 100000, big.NewInt(1), keyB)); !errors.Is(err, ErrInflightTxLimitReached) {
+					t.Fatalf("%s: error mismatch: want %v, have %v", name, ErrInflightTxLimitReached, err)
+				}
 			},
 		},
 		{
+			name:    "replacements-respect-inflight-tx-count",
+			pending: 2,
+			run: func(name string, pool *TxPool, statedb *state.StateDB) {
+				// Send transaction from A with B as an authority.
+				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedSetCodeTx(0, 250000, uint256.NewInt(10), uint256.NewInt(3), keyA, []unsignedAuth{{0, keyB}})); err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("%s: failed to add with remote setcode transaction: %v", name, err)
+				}
+				// Send two transactions from B. Only the first should be accepted due
+				// to in-flight limit.
+				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedTransaction(0, 100000, big.NewInt(1), keyB)); err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("%s: failed to add remote transaction: %v", name, err)
+				}
+				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedTransaction(1, 100000, big.NewInt(1), keyB)); !errors.Is(err, ErrInflightTxLimitReached) {
+					t.Fatalf("%s: error mismatch: want %v, have %v", name, ErrInflightTxLimitReached, err)
+				}
+				// Replace the in-flight transaction from B.
+				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedTransaction(0, 100000, big.NewInt(30), keyB)); err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("%s: failed to replace with remote transaction: %v", name, err)
+				}
+				// Ensure the in-flight limit for B is still in place.
+				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedTransaction(1, 100000, big.NewInt(1), keyB)); !errors.Is(err, ErrInflightTxLimitReached) {
+					t.Fatalf("%s: error mismatch: want %v, have %v", name, ErrInflightTxLimitReached, err)
+				}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			// Since multiple authorizations can be pending simultaneously, replacing
+			// one of them should not break the one in-flight-transaction limit.
 			name:    "track-multiple-conflicting-delegations",
 			pending: 3,
 			run: func(name string, pool *TxPool, statedb *state.StateDB) {
@@ -2815,20 +2944,7 @@ func TestSetCodeTransactions(t *testing.T) {
 				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedTransaction(0, 100000, big.NewInt(1000), keyC)); err != nil {
 					t.Fatalf("%s: failed to added single pooled for account with pending delegation: %v", name, err)
 				}
-				if err, want := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedTransaction(1, 100000, big.NewInt(1000), keyC)), ErrAccountLimitExceeded; !errors.Is(err, want) {
-					t.Fatalf("%s: error mismatch: want %v, have %v", name, want, err)
-				}
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name:    "reject-delegation-from-pending-account",
-			pending: 1,
-			run: func(name string, pool *TxPool, statedb *state.StateDB) {
-				// Attempt to submit a delegation from an account with a pending tx.
-				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedTransaction(0, 100000, big.NewInt(1000), keyC)); err != nil {
-					t.Fatalf("%s: failed to add with remote setcode transaction: %v", name, err)
-				}
-				if err, want := pool.addRemoteSync(setCodeTx(0, keyA, []unsignedAuth{{1, keyC}})), ErrAuthorityReserved; !errors.Is(err, want) {
+				if err, want := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedTransaction(1, 100000, big.NewInt(1000), keyC)), ErrInflightTxLimitReached; !errors.Is(err, want) {
 					t.Fatalf("%s: error mismatch: want %v, have %v", name, want, err)
 				}
 			},
@@ -2846,6 +2962,32 @@ func TestSetCodeTransactions(t *testing.T) {
 				}
 			},
 		},
+		{
+			name:    "remove-hash-from-authority-tracker",
+			pending: 10,
+			run: func(name string, pool *TxPool, statedb *state.StateDB) {
+				var keys []*ecdsa.PrivateKey
+				for i := 0; i < 30; i++ {
+					key, _ := crypto.GenerateKey()
+					keys = append(keys, key)
+					addr := crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key.PublicKey)
+					testAddBalance(pool, addr, big.NewInt(params.Ether))
+				}
+				// Create a transactions with 3 unique auths so the lookup's auth map is
+				// filled with addresses.
+				for i := 0; i < 30; i += 3 {
+					if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedSetCodeTx(0, 250000, uint256.NewInt(10), uint256.NewInt(3), keys[i], []unsignedAuth{{0, keys[i]}, {0, keys[i+1]}, {0, keys[i+2]}})); err != nil {
+						t.Fatalf("%s: failed to add with remote setcode transaction: %v", name, err)
+					}
+				}
+				// Replace one of the transactions with a normal transaction so that the
+				// original hash is removed from the tracker. The hash should be
+				// associated with 3 different authorities.
+				if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedTransaction(0, 100000, big.NewInt(1000), keys[0])); err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("%s: failed to replace with remote transaction: %v", name, err)
+				}
+			},
+		},
 	} {
 		// Create the pool to test the status retrievals with
 		statedb, _ := state.New(common.Hash{}, state.NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()), nil)
@@ -2875,6 +3017,64 @@ func TestSetCodeTransactions(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestSetCodeTransactionsReorg(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	// Create the pool to test the status retrievals with
+	statedb, _ := state.New(common.Hash{}, state.NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()), nil)
+	blockchain := &testBlockChain{1000000, statedb, new(event.Feed)}
+
+	pool := NewTxPool(testTxPoolConfig, params.TestChainConfig, blockchain)
+	defer pool.Stop()
+
+	// Create the test accounts
+	var (
+		keyA, _ = crypto.GenerateKey()
+		addrA   = crypto.PubkeyToAddress(keyA.PublicKey)
+	)
+	testAddBalance(pool, addrA, big.NewInt(params.Ether))
+	// Send an authorization for 0x42
+	var authList []types.SetCodeAuthorization
+	auth, _ := types.SignSetCode(keyA, types.SetCodeAuthorization{
+		ChainID: *uint256.MustFromBig(params.TestChainConfig.ChainID),
+		Address: common.Address{0x42},
+		Nonce:   0,
+	})
+	authList = append(authList, auth)
+	if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedSetCodeTxWithAuth(0, 250000, uint256.NewInt(10), uint256.NewInt(3), keyA, authList)); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to add with remote setcode transaction: %v", err)
+	}
+	// Simulate the chain moving
+	blockchain.statedb.SetNonce(addrA, 1)
+	blockchain.statedb.SetCode(addrA, types.AddressToDelegation(auth.Address))
+	<-pool.requestReset(nil, nil)
+	// Set an authorization for 0x00
+	auth, _ = types.SignSetCode(keyA, types.SetCodeAuthorization{
+		ChainID: *uint256.MustFromBig(params.TestChainConfig.ChainID),
+		Address: common.Address{},
+		Nonce:   0,
+	})
+	authList = append(authList, auth)
+	if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedSetCodeTxWithAuth(1, 250000, uint256.NewInt(10), uint256.NewInt(3), keyA, authList)); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to add with remote setcode transaction: %v", err)
+	}
+	// Try to add a transactions in
+	if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedTransaction(2, 100000, big.NewInt(1000), keyA)); !errors.Is(err, ErrInflightTxLimitReached) {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error %v, expecting %v", err, ErrInflightTxLimitReached)
+	}
+	// Simulate the chain moving
+	blockchain.statedb.SetNonce(addrA, 2)
+	blockchain.statedb.SetCode(addrA, nil)
+	<-pool.requestReset(nil, nil)
+	// Now send two transactions from addrA
+	if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedTransaction(2, 100000, big.NewInt(1000), keyA)); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to added single transaction: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := pool.addRemoteSync(pricedTransaction(3, 100000, big.NewInt(1000), keyA)); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to added single transaction: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
 // Benchmarks the speed of validating the contents of the pending queue of the
 // transaction pool.
 func BenchmarkPendingDemotion100(b *testing.B)   { benchmarkPendingDemotion(b, 100) }
diff --git a/core/types/transaction.go b/core/types/transaction.go
index 6a5a50f8b2..4f88df833d 100644
--- a/core/types/transaction.go
+++ b/core/types/transaction.go
@@ -477,15 +477,23 @@ func (tx *Transaction) SetCodeAuthorizations() []SetCodeAuthorization {
 	return setcodetx.AuthList
 }
 
-// SetCodeAuthorities returns a list of each authorization's corresponding authority.
+// SetCodeAuthorities returns a list of unique authorities from the
+// authorization list.
 func (tx *Transaction) SetCodeAuthorities() []common.Address {
 	setcodetx, ok := tx.inner.(*SetCodeTx)
 	if !ok {
 		return nil
 	}
-	auths := make([]common.Address, 0, len(setcodetx.AuthList))
+	var (
+		marks = make(map[common.Address]bool)
+		auths = make([]common.Address, 0, len(setcodetx.AuthList))
+	)
 	for _, auth := range setcodetx.AuthList {
 		if addr, err := auth.Authority(); err == nil {
+			if marks[addr] {
+				continue
+			}
+			marks[addr] = true
 			auths = append(auths, addr)
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/core/vm/access_list_tracer.go b/core/vm/access_list_tracer.go
index 997b169ec5..6342dfd3ad 100644
--- a/core/vm/access_list_tracer.go
+++ b/core/vm/access_list_tracer.go
@@ -115,16 +115,10 @@ type AccessListTracer struct {
 // NewAccessListTracer creates a new tracer that can generate AccessLists.
 // An optional AccessList can be specified to occupy slots and addresses in
 // the resulting accesslist.
-func NewAccessListTracer(acl types.AccessList, from, to common.Address, precompiles []common.Address) *AccessListTracer {
-	excl := map[common.Address]struct{}{
-		from: {}, to: {},
-	}
-	for _, addr := range precompiles {
-		excl[addr] = struct{}{}
-	}
+func NewAccessListTracer(acl types.AccessList, addressesToExclude map[common.Address]struct{}) *AccessListTracer {
 	list := newAccessList()
 	for _, al := range acl {
-		if _, ok := excl[al.Address]; !ok {
+		if _, ok := addressesToExclude[al.Address]; !ok {
 			list.addAddress(al.Address)
 		}
 		for _, slot := range al.StorageKeys {
@@ -132,7 +126,7 @@ func NewAccessListTracer(acl types.AccessList, from, to common.Address, precompi
 		}
 	}
 	return &AccessListTracer{
-		excl: excl,
+		excl: addressesToExclude,
 		list: list,
 	}
 }
diff --git a/core/vm/contracts.go b/core/vm/contracts.go
index d115182d49..97b2297700 100644
--- a/core/vm/contracts.go
+++ b/core/vm/contracts.go
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ var PrecompiledContractsIstanbul = map[common.Address]PrecompiledContract{
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{5}): &bigModExp{eip2565: false},
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{6}): &bn256AddIstanbul{},
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{7}): &bn256ScalarMulIstanbul{},
-	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{8}): &bn256PairingIstanbul{},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{8}): &bn256PairingIstanbul{limitInputLength: false},
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{9}): &blake2F{},
 }
 
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ var PrecompiledContractsBerlin = map[common.Address]PrecompiledContract{
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{5}): &bigModExp{eip2565: true},
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{6}): &bn256AddIstanbul{},
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{7}): &bn256ScalarMulIstanbul{},
-	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{8}): &bn256PairingIstanbul{},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{8}): &bn256PairingIstanbul{limitInputLength: false},
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{9}): &blake2F{},
 }
 
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ var PrecompiledContractsArchimedes = map[common.Address]PrecompiledContract{
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{5}): &bigModExp{eip2565: true},
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{6}): &bn256AddIstanbul{},
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{7}): &bn256ScalarMulIstanbul{},
-	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{8}): &bn256PairingIstanbul{},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{8}): &bn256PairingIstanbul{limitInputLength: true},
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{9}): &blake2FDisabled{},
 }
 
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ var PrecompiledContractsBernoulli = map[common.Address]PrecompiledContract{
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{5}): &bigModExp{eip2565: true},
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{6}): &bn256AddIstanbul{},
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{7}): &bn256ScalarMulIstanbul{},
-	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{8}): &bn256PairingIstanbul{},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{8}): &bn256PairingIstanbul{limitInputLength: true},
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{9}): &blake2FDisabled{},
 }
 
@@ -136,7 +136,22 @@ var PrecompiledContractsEuclidV2 = map[common.Address]PrecompiledContract{
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{5}):          &bigModExp{eip2565: true},
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{6}):          &bn256AddIstanbul{},
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{7}):          &bn256ScalarMulIstanbul{},
-	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{8}):          &bn256PairingIstanbul{},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{8}):          &bn256PairingIstanbul{limitInputLength: true},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{9}):          &blake2FDisabled{},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x01, 0x00}): &p256Verify{},
+}
+
+// PrecompiledContractsFeynman contains the default set of pre-compiled Ethereum
+// contracts used in the Feynman release.
+var PrecompiledContractsFeynman = map[common.Address]PrecompiledContract{
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{1}):          &ecrecover{},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{2}):          &sha256hash{},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{3}):          &ripemd160hashDisabled{},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{4}):          &dataCopy{},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{5}):          &bigModExp{eip2565: true},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{6}):          &bn256AddIstanbul{},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{7}):          &bn256ScalarMulIstanbul{},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{8}):          &bn256PairingIstanbul{limitInputLength: false},
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{9}):          &blake2FDisabled{},
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x01, 0x00}): &p256Verify{},
 }
@@ -156,6 +171,7 @@ var PrecompiledContractsBLS = map[common.Address]PrecompiledContract{
 }
 
 var (
+	PrecompiledAddressesFeynman    []common.Address
 	PrecompiledAddressesEuclidV2   []common.Address
 	PrecompiledAddressesBernoulli  []common.Address
 	PrecompiledAddressesArchimedes []common.Address
@@ -187,11 +203,16 @@ func init() {
 	for k := range PrecompiledContractsEuclidV2 {
 		PrecompiledAddressesEuclidV2 = append(PrecompiledAddressesEuclidV2, k)
 	}
+	for k := range PrecompiledContractsFeynman {
+		PrecompiledAddressesFeynman = append(PrecompiledAddressesFeynman, k)
+	}
 }
 
 // ActivePrecompiles returns the precompiles enabled with the current configuration.
 func ActivePrecompiles(rules params.Rules) []common.Address {
 	switch {
+	case rules.IsFeynman:
+		return PrecompiledAddressesFeynman
 	case rules.IsEuclidV2:
 		return PrecompiledAddressesEuclidV2
 	case rules.IsBernoulli:
@@ -600,10 +621,6 @@ var (
 // runBn256Pairing implements the Bn256Pairing precompile, referenced by both
 // Byzantium and Istanbul operations.
 func runBn256Pairing(input []byte) ([]byte, error) {
-	// Allow at most 4 inputs
-	if len(input) > 4*192 {
-		return nil, errBadPairingInput
-	}
 	// Handle some corner cases cheaply
 	if len(input)%192 > 0 {
 		return nil, errBadPairingInput
@@ -634,7 +651,9 @@ func runBn256Pairing(input []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 
 // bn256PairingIstanbul implements a pairing pre-compile for the bn256 curve
 // conforming to Istanbul consensus rules.
-type bn256PairingIstanbul struct{}
+type bn256PairingIstanbul struct {
+	limitInputLength bool
+}
 
 // RequiredGas returns the gas required to execute the pre-compiled contract.
 func (c *bn256PairingIstanbul) RequiredGas(input []byte) uint64 {
@@ -642,6 +661,13 @@ func (c *bn256PairingIstanbul) RequiredGas(input []byte) uint64 {
 }
 
 func (c *bn256PairingIstanbul) Run(input []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	if c.limitInputLength {
+		// Allow at most 4 inputs
+		if len(input) > 4*192 {
+			return nil, errBadPairingInput
+		}
+	}
+
 	return runBn256Pairing(input)
 }
 
diff --git a/core/vm/contracts_test.go b/core/vm/contracts_test.go
index e028d45f65..f6217b0ffd 100644
--- a/core/vm/contracts_test.go
+++ b/core/vm/contracts_test.go
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ var allPrecompiles = map[common.Address]PrecompiledContract{
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{16}):   &bls12381Pairing{},
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{17}):   &bls12381MapG1{},
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{18}):   &bls12381MapG2{},
+	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0xf8}): &bn256PairingIstanbul{limitInputLength: true},
 
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x01, 0x00}): &p256Verify{},
 }
@@ -264,7 +265,7 @@ func BenchmarkPrecompiledBn256ScalarMul(b *testing.B) { benchJson("bn256ScalarMu
 
 // Tests the sample inputs from the elliptic curve pairing check EIP 197.
 func TestPrecompiledBn256Pairing(t *testing.T)      { testJson("bn256Pairing", "08", t) }
-func TestPrecompiledBn256PairingFail(t *testing.T)  { testJsonFail("bn256Pairing", "08", t) }
+func TestPrecompiledBn256PairingFail(t *testing.T)  { testJsonFail("bn256Pairing", "f8", t) }
 func BenchmarkPrecompiledBn256Pairing(b *testing.B) { benchJson("bn256Pairing", "08", b) }
 
 func TestPrecompiledBlake2F(t *testing.T)      { testJson("blake2F", "09", t) }
diff --git a/core/vm/evm.go b/core/vm/evm.go
index afb5c7cb39..0514677c61 100644
--- a/core/vm/evm.go
+++ b/core/vm/evm.go
@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@ type (
 func (evm *EVM) precompile(addr common.Address) (PrecompiledContract, bool) {
 	var precompiles map[common.Address]PrecompiledContract
 	switch {
+	case evm.chainRules.IsFeynman:
+		precompiles = PrecompiledContractsFeynman
 	case evm.chainRules.IsEuclidV2:
 		precompiles = PrecompiledContractsEuclidV2
 	case evm.chainRules.IsBernoulli:
diff --git a/core/vm/gas_table.go b/core/vm/gas_table.go
index fe7c34759c..cc1cdcee39 100644
--- a/core/vm/gas_table.go
+++ b/core/vm/gas_table.go
@@ -100,6 +100,10 @@ func gasSStore(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySi
 		y, x    = stack.Back(1), stack.Back(0)
 		current = evm.StateDB.GetState(contract.Address(), x.Bytes32())
 	)
+
+	// Try updating the witness of SSTORE at first to align with reth's witness implementation.
+	original := evm.StateDB.GetCommittedState(contract.Address(), x.Bytes32())
+
 	// The legacy gas metering only takes into consideration the current state
 	// Legacy rules should be applied if we are in Petersburg (removal of EIP-1283)
 	// OR Constantinople is not active
@@ -137,7 +141,6 @@ func gasSStore(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySi
 	if current == value { // noop (1)
 		return params.NetSstoreNoopGas, nil
 	}
-	original := evm.StateDB.GetCommittedState(contract.Address(), x.Bytes32())
 	if original == current {
 		if original == (common.Hash{}) { // create slot (2.1.1)
 			return params.NetSstoreInitGas, nil
@@ -178,10 +181,6 @@ func gasSStore(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySi
 //       2.2.2.1. If original value is 0, add SSTORE_SET_GAS - SLOAD_GAS to refund counter.
 //       2.2.2.2. Otherwise, add SSTORE_RESET_GAS - SLOAD_GAS gas to refund counter.
 func gasSStoreEIP2200(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
-	// If we fail the minimum gas availability invariant, fail (0)
-	if contract.Gas <= params.SstoreSentryGasEIP2200 {
-		return 0, errors.New("not enough gas for reentrancy sentry")
-	}
 	// Gas sentry honoured, do the actual gas calculation based on the stored value
 	var (
 		y, x    = stack.Back(1), stack.Back(0)
@@ -189,10 +188,17 @@ func gasSStoreEIP2200(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, m
 	)
 	value := common.Hash(y.Bytes32())
 
+	// Try updating the witness of SSTORE at first to align with reth's witness implementation.
+	original := evm.StateDB.GetCommittedState(contract.Address(), x.Bytes32())
+
+	// If we fail the minimum gas availability invariant, fail (0)
+	if contract.Gas <= params.SstoreSentryGasEIP2200 {
+		return 0, errors.New("not enough gas for reentrancy sentry")
+	}
+
 	if current == value { // noop (1)
 		return params.SloadGasEIP2200, nil
 	}
-	original := evm.StateDB.GetCommittedState(contract.Address(), x.Bytes32())
 	if original == current {
 		if original == (common.Hash{}) { // create slot (2.1.1)
 			return params.SstoreSetGasEIP2200, nil
diff --git a/core/vm/instructions.go b/core/vm/instructions.go
index 36a467a8f3..8027afae76 100644
--- a/core/vm/instructions.go
+++ b/core/vm/instructions.go
@@ -470,6 +470,32 @@ func opBlockhash(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) (
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
+func opBlockhashPostFeynman(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
+	num := scope.Stack.peek()
+	num64, overflow := num.Uint64WithOverflow()
+	if overflow {
+		num.Clear()
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	var upper, lower uint64
+	upper = interpreter.evm.Context.BlockNumber.Uint64()
+	if upper < 257 {
+		lower = 0
+	} else {
+		lower = upper - 256
+	}
+	if num64 >= lower && num64 < upper {
+		res := interpreter.evm.Context.GetHash(num64)
+		if witness := interpreter.evm.StateDB.Witness(); witness != nil {
+			witness.AddBlockHash(num64)
+		}
+		num.SetBytes(res[:])
+	} else {
+		num.Clear()
+	}
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
 func opCoinbase(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
 	scope.Stack.push(new(uint256.Int).SetBytes(interpreter.evm.FeeRecipient().Bytes()))
 	return nil, nil
diff --git a/core/vm/interface.go b/core/vm/interface.go
index fe27905e91..2d19515c37 100644
--- a/core/vm/interface.go
+++ b/core/vm/interface.go
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"math/big"
 
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/core/stateless"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/params"
 )
@@ -85,6 +86,8 @@ type StateDB interface {
 	AddPreimage(common.Hash, []byte)
 
 	ForEachStorage(common.Address, func(common.Hash, common.Hash) bool) error
+
+	Witness() *stateless.Witness
 }
 
 // CallContext provides a basic interface for the EVM calling conventions. The EVM
diff --git a/core/vm/interpreter.go b/core/vm/interpreter.go
index 81de5f3c05..28b5972e7d 100644
--- a/core/vm/interpreter.go
+++ b/core/vm/interpreter.go
@@ -74,6 +74,8 @@ func NewEVMInterpreter(evm *EVM, cfg Config) *EVMInterpreter {
 	if cfg.JumpTable[STOP] == nil {
 		var jt JumpTable
 		switch {
+		case evm.chainRules.IsFeynman:
+			jt = feynmanInstructionSet
 		case evm.chainRules.IsEuclidV2:
 			jt = euclidV2InstructionSet
 		case evm.chainRules.IsDarwin:
diff --git a/core/vm/jump_table.go b/core/vm/jump_table.go
index 5c46758dbf..92a1a8c790 100644
--- a/core/vm/jump_table.go
+++ b/core/vm/jump_table.go
@@ -62,11 +62,24 @@ var (
 	curieInstructionSet            = newCurieInstructionSet()
 	darwinInstructionSet           = newDarwinInstructionSet()
 	euclidV2InstructionSet         = newEuclidV2InstructionSet()
+	feynmanInstructionSet          = newFeynmanInstructionSet()
 )
 
 // JumpTable contains the EVM opcodes supported at a given fork.
 type JumpTable [256]*operation
 
+// newFeynmanInstructionSet returns the frontier, homestead, byzantium,
+// contantinople, istanbul, petersburg, berlin, london, shanghai, curie, darwin, euclidV2,
+// and feynman instructions.
+func newFeynmanInstructionSet() JumpTable {
+	instructionSet := newEuclidV2InstructionSet()
+
+	// change block hash opcode implementation
+	instructionSet[BLOCKHASH].execute = opBlockhashPostFeynman
+
+	return instructionSet
+}
+
 // newEuclidV2InstructionSet returns the frontier, homestead, byzantium,
 // contantinople, istanbul, petersburg, berlin, london, shanghai, curie, darwin and euclidV2 instructions.
 func newEuclidV2InstructionSet() JumpTable {
diff --git a/core/vm/operations_acl.go b/core/vm/operations_acl.go
index d9a8b44102..0a53d62ada 100644
--- a/core/vm/operations_acl.go
+++ b/core/vm/operations_acl.go
@@ -27,10 +27,6 @@ import (
 
 func makeGasSStoreFunc(clearingRefund uint64) gasFunc {
 	return func(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
-		// If we fail the minimum gas availability invariant, fail (0)
-		if contract.Gas <= params.SstoreSentryGasEIP2200 {
-			return 0, errors.New("not enough gas for reentrancy sentry")
-		}
 		// Gas sentry honoured, do the actual gas calculation based on the stored value
 		var (
 			y, x    = stack.Back(1), stack.peek()
@@ -38,6 +34,15 @@ func makeGasSStoreFunc(clearingRefund uint64) gasFunc {
 			current = evm.StateDB.GetState(contract.Address(), slot)
 			cost    = uint64(0)
 		)
+
+		// Try updating the witness of SSTORE at first to align with reth's witness implementation.
+		original := evm.StateDB.GetCommittedState(contract.Address(), x.Bytes32())
+
+		// If we fail the minimum gas availability invariant, fail (0)
+		if contract.Gas <= params.SstoreSentryGasEIP2200 {
+			return 0, errors.New("not enough gas for reentrancy sentry")
+		}
+
 		// Check slot presence in the access list
 		if addrPresent, slotPresent := evm.StateDB.SlotInAccessList(contract.Address(), slot); !slotPresent {
 			cost = params.ColdSloadCostEIP2929
@@ -57,7 +62,6 @@ func makeGasSStoreFunc(clearingRefund uint64) gasFunc {
 			//		return params.SloadGasEIP2200, nil
 			return cost + params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929, nil // SLOAD_GAS
 		}
-		original := evm.StateDB.GetCommittedState(contract.Address(), x.Bytes32())
 		if original == current {
 			if original == (common.Hash{}) { // create slot (2.1.1)
 				return cost + params.SstoreSetGasEIP2200, nil
@@ -109,6 +113,14 @@ func gasSLoadEIP2929(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, me
 		// If the caller cannot afford the cost, this change will be rolled back
 		// If he does afford it, we can skip checking the same thing later on, during execution
 		evm.StateDB.AddSlotToAccessList(contract.Address(), slot)
+
+		// Try updating the witness of SLOAD to align with reth's witness implementation.
+		// Another place that needs to change is when calculating the gas cost after Frontier and before EIP-2929.
+		// Frontier gas cost simply uses params.SloadGasFrontier (i.e., 50 gas), so changing the gas cost there
+		// might affect code cleanliness. Usually, this won't be a problem because EIP-2929 is enabled by default.
+		// Thus, adding the SLOAD witness before EIP-2929 is left as a TODO here.
+		evm.StateDB.GetCommittedState(contract.Address(), loc.Bytes32())
+
 		return params.ColdSloadCostEIP2929, nil
 	}
 	return params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929, nil
diff --git a/core/vm/runtime/runtime.go b/core/vm/runtime/runtime.go
index 7e4029aec4..2d21fd37c1 100644
--- a/core/vm/runtime/runtime.go
+++ b/core/vm/runtime/runtime.go
@@ -74,6 +74,8 @@ func setDefaults(cfg *Config) {
 			CurieBlock:          new(big.Int),
 			DarwinTime:          new(uint64),
 			DarwinV2Time:        new(uint64),
+			EuclidV2Time:        new(uint64),
+			FeynmanTime:         new(uint64),
 		}
 	}
 
diff --git a/core/vm/runtime/runtime_test.go b/core/vm/runtime/runtime_test.go
index fa1556fa59..a1b5a9d5b2 100644
--- a/core/vm/runtime/runtime_test.go
+++ b/core/vm/runtime/runtime_test.go
@@ -337,17 +337,13 @@ func TestBlockhash(t *testing.T) {
 	if zero.BitLen() != 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("expected zeroes, got %x", ret[0:32])
 	}
-	firstExpectedHash := new(big.Int)
-	firstExpectedHash.SetString("13215081625009140218242111988507489764601005198286886925088730931502473149599", 10)
-	if first.Uint64() != firstExpectedHash.Uint64() {
-		t.Fatalf("first hash should be 13215081625009140218242111988507489764601005198286886925088730931502473149599, got %d (%x)", first, ret[32:64])
+	if first.Uint64() != 999 {
+		t.Fatalf("second block should be 999, got %d (%x)", first, ret[32:64])
 	}
-	lastExpectedHash := new(big.Int)
-	lastExpectedHash.SetString("2851160567348483005169712516804956111111231427377973738952179767509712807467", 10)
-	if last.Uint64() != lastExpectedHash.Uint64() {
-		t.Fatalf("last hash should be 2851160567348483005169712516804956111111231427377973738952179767509712807467, got %d (%x)", last, ret[64:96])
+	if last.Uint64() != 744 {
+		t.Fatalf("last block should be 744, got %d (%x)", last, ret[64:96])
 	}
-	if exp, got := 0, chain.counter; exp != got {
+	if exp, got := 255, chain.counter; exp != got {
 		t.Errorf("suboptimal; too much chain iteration, expected %d, got %d", exp, got)
 	}
 }
diff --git a/core/vm/testdata/precompiles/bn256Pairing.json b/core/vm/testdata/precompiles/bn256Pairing.json
index bd06969aa8..3fbed6b87c 100644
--- a/core/vm/testdata/precompiles/bn256Pairing.json
+++ b/core/vm/testdata/precompiles/bn256Pairing.json
@@ -76,6 +76,20 @@
     "Gas": 113000,
     "NoBenchmark": false
   },
+  {
+    "Input": "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",
+    "Expected": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001",
+    "Name": "ten_point_match_1",
+    "Gas": 385000,
+    "NoBenchmark": false
+  },
+  {
+    "Input": "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",
+    "Expected": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001",
+    "Name": "ten_point_match_2",
+    "Gas": 385000,
+    "NoBenchmark": false
+  },
   {
     "Input": "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",
     "Expected": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001",
diff --git a/eth/api.go b/eth/api.go
index 8a0f094eef..0752a3cb15 100644
--- a/eth/api.go
+++ b/eth/api.go
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/syndtr/goleveldb/leveldb"
+
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/core"
@@ -131,6 +133,8 @@ func (api *PrivateMinerAPI) SetGasPrice(gasPrice hexutil.Big) bool {
 	api.e.gasPrice = (*big.Int)(&gasPrice)
 	api.e.lock.Unlock()
 
+	// This will override the min base fee configuration.
+	// That is fine, it only happens if we explicitly set gas price via the console.
 	api.e.txPool.SetGasPrice((*big.Int)(&gasPrice))
 	return true
 }
@@ -353,13 +357,11 @@ func generateWitness(blockchain *core.BlockChain, block *types.Block) (*stateles
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to retrieve parent state: %w", err)
 	}
+	statedb.WithWitness(witness)
 
 	// Collect storage locations that prover needs but sequencer might not touch necessarily
 	statedb.GetState(rcfg.L2MessageQueueAddress, rcfg.WithdrawTrieRootSlot)
 
-	statedb.StartPrefetcher("debug_execution_witness", witness)
-	defer statedb.StopPrefetcher()
-
 	receipts, _, usedGas, err := blockchain.Processor().Process(block, statedb, *blockchain.GetVMConfig())
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to process block %d: %w", block.Number(), err)
@@ -368,36 +370,57 @@ func generateWitness(blockchain *core.BlockChain, block *types.Block) (*stateles
 	if err := blockchain.Validator().ValidateState(block, statedb, receipts, usedGas); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to validate block %d: %w", block.Number(), err)
 	}
-	return witness, testWitness(blockchain, block, witness)
+
+	if err = testWitness(blockchain, block, witness); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return witness, nil
 }
 
 func testWitness(blockchain *core.BlockChain, block *types.Block, witness *stateless.Witness) error {
 	stateRoot := witness.Root()
-	if diskRoot, _ := rawdb.ReadDiskStateRoot(blockchain.Database(), stateRoot); diskRoot != (common.Hash{}) {
+	diskRoot, err := rawdb.ReadDiskStateRoot(blockchain.Database(), stateRoot)
+	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, leveldb.ErrNotFound) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read disk state root for stateRoot %s: %w", stateRoot.Hex(), err)
+	}
+	if diskRoot != (common.Hash{}) {
+		log.Debug("Using disk root for state root", "stateRoot", stateRoot.Hex(), "diskRoot", diskRoot.Hex())
 		stateRoot = diskRoot
 	}
 
 	// Create and populate the state database to serve as the stateless backend
 	statedb, err := state.New(stateRoot, state.NewDatabase(witness.MakeHashDB()), nil)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create state database: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create state database with stateRoot %s: %w", stateRoot.Hex(), err)
 	}
 
 	receipts, _, usedGas, err := blockchain.Processor().Process(block, statedb, *blockchain.GetVMConfig())
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to process block %d: %w", block.Number(), err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to process block %d (hash: %s): %w", block.Number(), block.Hash().Hex(), err)
 	}
 
 	if err := blockchain.Validator().ValidateState(block, statedb, receipts, usedGas); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to validate block %d: %w", block.Number(), err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to validate block %d (hash: %s): %w", block.Number(), block.Hash().Hex(), err)
 	}
 
 	postStateRoot := block.Root()
-	if diskRoot, _ := rawdb.ReadDiskStateRoot(blockchain.Database(), postStateRoot); diskRoot != (common.Hash{}) {
+	diskRoot, err = rawdb.ReadDiskStateRoot(blockchain.Database(), postStateRoot)
+	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, leveldb.ErrNotFound) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read disk state root for postStateRoot %s: %w", postStateRoot.Hex(), err)
+	}
+	if diskRoot != (common.Hash{}) {
+		log.Debug("Using disk root for post state root", "postStateRoot", postStateRoot.Hex(), "diskRoot", diskRoot.Hex())
 		postStateRoot = diskRoot
 	}
-	if statedb.GetRootHash() != postStateRoot {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to commit statelessly %d: %w", block.Number(), err)
+	computedRoot := statedb.GetRootHash()
+	if computedRoot != postStateRoot {
+		log.Debug("State root mismatch", "block", block.Number(), "expected", postStateRoot.Hex(), "got", computedRoot)
+		executionWitness := ToExecutionWitness(witness)
+		jsonStr, err := json.Marshal(executionWitness)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("state root mismatch after processing block %d (hash: %s): expected %s, got %s, but failed to marshal witness: %w", block.Number(), block.Hash().Hex(), postStateRoot.Hex(), computedRoot, err)
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("state root mismatch after processing block %d (hash: %s): expected %s, got %s, witness: %s", block.Number(), block.Hash().Hex(), postStateRoot.Hex(), computedRoot, string(jsonStr))
 	}
 	return nil
 }
diff --git a/eth/backend.go b/eth/backend.go
index d6902f089d..ad765b835b 100644
--- a/eth/backend.go
+++ b/eth/backend.go
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/consensus"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/consensus/clique"
+	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/consensus/misc"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/consensus/system_contract"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/consensus/wrapper"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/core"
@@ -213,6 +214,12 @@ func New(stack *node.Node, config *ethconfig.Config, l1Client l1.Client) (*Ether
 		eth.blockchain.Validator().WithAsyncValidator(eth.asyncChecker.Check)
 	}
 
+	state, err := eth.blockchain.State()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	misc.InitializeL2BaseFeeCoefficients(chainConfig, state)
+
 	// Rewind the chain in case of an incompatible config upgrade.
 	if compat, ok := genesisErr.(*params.ConfigCompatError); ok {
 		log.Warn("Rewinding chain to upgrade configuration", "err", compat)
@@ -225,6 +232,7 @@ func New(stack *node.Node, config *ethconfig.Config, l1Client l1.Client) (*Ether
 		config.TxPool.Journal = stack.ResolvePath(config.TxPool.Journal)
 	}
 	eth.txPool = core.NewTxPool(config.TxPool, chainConfig, eth.blockchain)
+	eth.txPool.SetGasPrice(misc.MinBaseFee())
 
 	// Initialize and start DA syncing pipeline before SyncService as SyncService is blocking until all L1 messages are loaded.
 	// We need SyncService to load the L1 messages for DA syncing, but since both sync from last known L1 state, we can
@@ -354,6 +362,9 @@ func (s *Ethereum) APIs() []rpc.API {
 	// Append any APIs exposed explicitly by the consensus engine
 	apis = append(apis, s.engine.APIs(s.BlockChain())...)
 
+	// Append L2 base fee APIs.
+	apis = append(apis, misc.APIs()...)
+
 	if !s.config.EnableDASyncing {
 		apis = append(apis, rpc.API{
 			Namespace: "eth",
@@ -520,10 +531,11 @@ func (s *Ethereum) StartMining(threads int) error {
 	// If the miner was not running, initialize it
 	if !s.IsMining() {
 		// Propagate the initial price point to the transaction pool
-		s.lock.RLock()
-		price := s.gasPrice
-		s.lock.RUnlock()
-		s.txPool.SetGasPrice(price)
+		// Disabled, we now update min gas price automatically via L2 base fee.
+		// s.lock.RLock()
+		// price := s.gasPrice
+		// s.lock.RUnlock()
+		// s.txPool.SetGasPrice(price)
 
 		// Configure the local mining address
 		eb, err := s.Etherbase()
diff --git a/eth/fetcher/tx_fetcher.go b/eth/fetcher/tx_fetcher.go
index 24fec71020..dba52701f9 100644
--- a/eth/fetcher/tx_fetcher.go
+++ b/eth/fetcher/tx_fetcher.go
@@ -794,7 +794,7 @@ func (f *TxFetcher) scheduleFetches(timer *mclock.Timer, timeout chan struct{},
 			return true // continue in the for-each
 		})
 
-		log.Debug("Scheduling transaction retrieval", "peer", peer, "len(f.announces[peer])", len(f.announces[peer]), "len(hashes)", len(hashes))
+		log.Trace("Scheduling transaction retrieval", "peer", peer, "len(f.announces[peer])", len(f.announces[peer]), "len(hashes)", len(hashes))
 		peerAnnounceTxsLenGauge.Update(int64(len(f.announces[peer])))
 		peerRetrievalTxsLenGauge.Update(int64(len(hashes)))
 
diff --git a/eth/gasprice/feehistory.go b/eth/gasprice/feehistory.go
index 0d38d7628e..571dfa3d74 100644
--- a/eth/gasprice/feehistory.go
+++ b/eth/gasprice/feehistory.go
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ func (s sortGasAndReward) Less(i, j int) bool {
 // processBlock takes a blockFees structure with the blockNumber, the header and optionally
 // the block field filled in, retrieves the block from the backend if not present yet and
 // fills in the rest of the fields.
-func (oracle *Oracle) processBlock(bf *blockFees, percentiles []float64) {
+func (oracle *Oracle) processBlock(bf *blockFees, percentiles []float64, nonCongestedPrice *big.Int) {
 	chainconfig := oracle.backend.ChainConfig()
 	if bf.results.baseFee = bf.header.BaseFee; bf.results.baseFee == nil {
 		bf.results.baseFee = new(big.Int)
@@ -121,7 +121,12 @@ func (oracle *Oracle) processBlock(bf *blockFees, percentiles []float64) {
 
 	sorter := make(sortGasAndReward, len(bf.block.Transactions()))
 	for i, tx := range bf.block.Transactions() {
-		reward, _ := tx.EffectiveGasTip(bf.block.BaseFee())
+		var reward *big.Int
+		if nonCongestedPrice != nil {
+			reward = nonCongestedPrice
+		} else {
+			reward, _ = tx.EffectiveGasTip(bf.block.BaseFee())
+		}
 		sorter[i] = txGasAndReward{gasUsed: bf.receipts[i].GasUsed, reward: reward}
 	}
 	sort.Sort(sorter)
@@ -144,23 +149,25 @@ func (oracle *Oracle) processBlock(bf *blockFees, percentiles []float64) {
 // also returned if requested and available.
 // Note: an error is only returned if retrieving the head header has failed. If there are no
 // retrievable blocks in the specified range then zero block count is returned with no error.
-func (oracle *Oracle) resolveBlockRange(ctx context.Context, lastBlock rpc.BlockNumber, blocks int) (*types.Block, []*types.Receipt, uint64, int, error) {
+func (oracle *Oracle) resolveBlockRange(ctx context.Context, lastBlock rpc.BlockNumber, blocks int) (*types.Block, []*types.Receipt, uint64, int, *types.Header, error) {
 	var (
 		headBlock       rpc.BlockNumber
 		pendingBlock    *types.Block
 		pendingReceipts types.Receipts
+		headHeader      *types.Header
 	)
 	// query either pending block or head header and set headBlock
 	if lastBlock == rpc.PendingBlockNumber {
 		if pendingBlock, pendingReceipts = oracle.backend.PendingBlockAndReceipts(); pendingBlock != nil {
 			lastBlock = rpc.BlockNumber(pendingBlock.NumberU64())
 			headBlock = lastBlock - 1
+			headHeader = pendingBlock.Header()
 		} else {
 			// pending block not supported by backend, process until latest block
 			lastBlock = rpc.LatestBlockNumber
 			blocks--
 			if blocks == 0 {
-				return nil, nil, 0, 0, nil
+				return nil, nil, 0, 0, nil, nil
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -168,27 +175,28 @@ func (oracle *Oracle) resolveBlockRange(ctx context.Context, lastBlock rpc.Block
 		// if pending block is not fetched then we retrieve the head header to get the head block number
 		if latestHeader, err := oracle.backend.HeaderByNumber(ctx, rpc.LatestBlockNumber); err == nil {
 			headBlock = rpc.BlockNumber(latestHeader.Number.Uint64())
+			headHeader = latestHeader
 		} else {
-			return nil, nil, 0, 0, err
+			return nil, nil, 0, 0, nil, err
 		}
 	}
 	if lastBlock == rpc.LatestBlockNumber {
 		lastBlock = headBlock
 	} else if pendingBlock == nil && lastBlock > headBlock {
-		return nil, nil, 0, 0, fmt.Errorf("%w: requested %d, head %d", errRequestBeyondHead, lastBlock, headBlock)
+		return nil, nil, 0, 0, nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: requested %d, head %d", errRequestBeyondHead, lastBlock, headBlock)
 	}
 	if lastBlock == rpc.FinalizedBlockNumber {
 		if latestFinalizedHeader, err := oracle.backend.HeaderByNumber(ctx, rpc.FinalizedBlockNumber); err == nil {
 			lastBlock = rpc.BlockNumber(latestFinalizedHeader.Number.Uint64())
 		} else {
-			return nil, nil, 0, 0, err
+			return nil, nil, 0, 0, nil, err
 		}
 	}
 	// ensure not trying to retrieve before genesis
 	if rpc.BlockNumber(blocks) > lastBlock+1 {
 		blocks = int(lastBlock + 1)
 	}
-	return pendingBlock, pendingReceipts, uint64(lastBlock), blocks, nil
+	return pendingBlock, pendingReceipts, uint64(lastBlock), blocks, headHeader, nil
 }
 
 // FeeHistory returns data relevant for fee estimation based on the specified range of blocks.
@@ -230,12 +238,26 @@ func (oracle *Oracle) FeeHistory(ctx context.Context, blocks int, unresolvedLast
 		pendingReceipts []*types.Receipt
 		err             error
 	)
-	pendingBlock, pendingReceipts, lastBlock, blocks, err := oracle.resolveBlockRange(ctx, unresolvedLastBlock, blocks)
+	pendingBlock, pendingReceipts, lastBlock, blocks, headHeader, err := oracle.resolveBlockRange(ctx, unresolvedLastBlock, blocks)
 	if err != nil || blocks == 0 {
 		return common.Big0, nil, nil, nil, err
 	}
 	oldestBlock := lastBlock + 1 - uint64(blocks)
 
+	// If pending txs are less than oracle.congestedThreshold, we consider the network to be non-congested and suggest
+	// a minimal tip cap. This is to prevent users from overpaying for gas when the network is not congested and a few
+	// high-priced txs are causing the suggested tip cap to be high.
+	var nonCongestedPrice *big.Int
+	pendingTxCount, _ := oracle.backend.StatsWithMinBaseFee(headHeader.BaseFee)
+	if pendingTxCount < oracle.congestedThreshold {
+		// Before Curie (EIP-1559), we need to return the total suggested gas price. After Curie we return defaultGasTipCap wei as the tip cap,
+		// as the base fee is set separately or added manually for legacy transactions.
+		nonCongestedPrice = oracle.defaultGasTipCap
+		if !oracle.backend.ChainConfig().IsCurie(headHeader.Number) {
+			nonCongestedPrice = oracle.defaultBasePrice
+		}
+	}
+
 	var (
 		next    = oldestBlock
 		results = make(chan *blockFees, blocks)
@@ -244,6 +266,7 @@ func (oracle *Oracle) FeeHistory(ctx context.Context, blocks int, unresolvedLast
 	for i, p := range rewardPercentiles {
 		binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(percentileKey[i*8:(i+1)*8], math.Float64bits(p))
 	}
+
 	for i := 0; i < maxBlockFetchers && i < blocks; i++ {
 		go func() {
 			for {
@@ -257,7 +280,7 @@ func (oracle *Oracle) FeeHistory(ctx context.Context, blocks int, unresolvedLast
 				if pendingBlock != nil && blockNumber >= pendingBlock.NumberU64() {
 					fees.block, fees.receipts = pendingBlock, pendingReceipts
 					fees.header = fees.block.Header()
-					oracle.processBlock(fees, rewardPercentiles)
+					oracle.processBlock(fees, rewardPercentiles, nonCongestedPrice)
 					results <- fees
 				} else {
 					cacheKey := struct {
@@ -279,7 +302,7 @@ func (oracle *Oracle) FeeHistory(ctx context.Context, blocks int, unresolvedLast
 							fees.header, fees.err = oracle.backend.HeaderByNumber(ctx, rpc.BlockNumber(blockNumber))
 						}
 						if fees.header != nil && fees.err == nil {
-							oracle.processBlock(fees, rewardPercentiles)
+							oracle.processBlock(fees, rewardPercentiles, nonCongestedPrice)
 							if fees.err == nil {
 								oracle.historyCache.Add(cacheKey, fees.results)
 							}
diff --git a/eth/handler.go b/eth/handler.go
index f77de69d0b..4755a0c7b7 100644
--- a/eth/handler.go
+++ b/eth/handler.go
@@ -455,6 +455,8 @@ func (h *handler) BroadcastBlock(block *types.Block, propagate bool) {
 	hash := block.Hash()
 	peers := onlyShadowForkPeers(h.shadowForkPeerIDs, h.peers.peersWithoutBlock(hash))
 
+	log.Debug("Broadcasting block", "hash", hash.Hex(), "number", block.NumberU64(), "size", block.Size())
+
 	// If propagation is requested, send to a subset of the peer
 	if propagate {
 		// Calculate the TD of the block (it's not imported yet, so block.Td is not valid)
@@ -470,7 +472,7 @@ func (h *handler) BroadcastBlock(block *types.Block, propagate bool) {
 		for _, peer := range transfer {
 			peer.AsyncSendNewBlock(block, td)
 		}
-		log.Trace("Propagated block", "hash", hash, "recipients", len(transfer), "duration", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(block.ReceivedAt)))
+		log.Trace("Propagated block", "hash", hash.Hex(), "recipients", len(transfer), "duration", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(block.ReceivedAt)))
 		return
 	}
 	// Otherwise if the block is indeed in out own chain, announce it
@@ -478,7 +480,7 @@ func (h *handler) BroadcastBlock(block *types.Block, propagate bool) {
 		for _, peer := range peers {
 			peer.AsyncSendNewBlockHash(block)
 		}
-		log.Trace("Announced block", "hash", hash, "recipients", len(peers), "duration", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(block.ReceivedAt)))
+		log.Trace("Announced block", "hash", hash.Hex(), "recipients", len(peers), "duration", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(block.ReceivedAt)))
 	}
 }
 
@@ -503,6 +505,7 @@ func (h *handler) BroadcastTransactions(txs types.Transactions) {
 		if tx.IsL1MessageTx() {
 			continue
 		}
+		log.Debug("Broadcasting transaction", "hash", tx.Hash().Hex(), "size", tx.Size())
 		peers := onlyShadowForkPeers(h.shadowForkPeerIDs, h.peers.peersWithoutTransaction(tx.Hash()))
 		// Send the tx unconditionally to a subset of our peers
 		numDirect := int(math.Sqrt(float64(len(peers))))
@@ -518,13 +521,13 @@ func (h *handler) BroadcastTransactions(txs types.Transactions) {
 		directPeers++
 		directCount += len(hashes)
 		peer.AsyncSendTransactions(hashes)
-		log.Debug("Transactions being broadcasted to", "peer", peer.String(), "len", len(hashes))
+		log.Trace("Transactions being broadcasted to", "peer", peer.String(), "len", len(hashes))
 	}
 	for peer, hashes := range annos {
 		annoPeers++
 		annoCount += len(hashes)
 		peer.AsyncSendPooledTransactionHashes(hashes)
-		log.Debug("Transactions being announced to", "peer", peer.String(), "len", len(hashes))
+		log.Trace("Transactions being announced to", "peer", peer.String(), "len", len(hashes))
 	}
 	log.Debug("Transaction broadcast", "txs", len(txs),
 		"announce packs", annoPeers, "announced hashes", annoCount,
diff --git a/eth/protocols/eth/handlers.go b/eth/protocols/eth/handlers.go
index fd10725968..c0b8f2c9dc 100644
--- a/eth/protocols/eth/handlers.go
+++ b/eth/protocols/eth/handlers.go
@@ -294,6 +294,7 @@ func handleNewBlock(backend Backend, msg Decoder, peer *Peer) error {
 
 	// Mark the peer as owning the block
 	peer.markBlock(ann.Block.Hash())
+	log.Debug("Received new block via gossip", "blockHash", ann.Block.Hash().Hex(), "blockNumber", ann.Block.NumberU64(), "peer", peer.String())
 
 	return backend.Handle(peer, ann)
 }
@@ -362,12 +363,12 @@ func handleNewPooledTransactionHashes(backend Backend, msg Decoder, peer *Peer)
 	}
 	ann := new(NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket)
 	if err := msg.Decode(ann); err != nil {
-		log.Debug("Failed to decode `NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket`", "peer", peer.String(), "err", err)
+		log.Trace("Failed to decode `NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket`", "peer", peer.String(), "err", err)
 		newPooledTxHashesFailMeter.Mark(1)
 		return fmt.Errorf("%w: message %v: %v", errDecode, msg, err)
 	}
 	// Schedule all the unknown hashes for retrieval
-	log.Debug("handleNewPooledTransactionHashes", "peer", peer.String(), "len(ann)", len(*ann))
+	log.Trace("handleNewPooledTransactionHashes", "peer", peer.String(), "len(ann)", len(*ann))
 	newPooledTxHashesLenGauge.Update(int64(len(*ann)))
 	for _, hash := range *ann {
 		peer.markTransaction(hash)
@@ -379,12 +380,15 @@ func handleGetPooledTransactions66(backend Backend, msg Decoder, peer *Peer) err
 	// Decode the pooled transactions retrieval message
 	var query GetPooledTransactionsPacket66
 	if err := msg.Decode(&query); err != nil {
-		log.Debug("Failed to decode `GetPooledTransactionsPacket66`", "peer", peer.String(), "err", err)
+		log.Trace("Failed to decode `GetPooledTransactionsPacket66`", "peer", peer.String(), "err", err)
 		getPooledTxsFailMeter.Mark(1)
 		return fmt.Errorf("%w: message %v: %v", errDecode, msg, err)
 	}
 	hashes, txs := answerGetPooledTransactions(backend, query.GetPooledTransactionsPacket, peer)
-	log.Debug("handleGetPooledTransactions", "peer", peer.String(), "RequestId", query.RequestId, "len(query)", len(query.GetPooledTransactionsPacket), "retrieved", len(hashes))
+	log.Trace("handleGetPooledTransactions", "peer", peer.String(), "RequestId", query.RequestId, "len(query)", len(query.GetPooledTransactionsPacket), "retrieved", len(hashes))
+	for _, hash := range hashes {
+		log.Debug("Received new pooled transaction", "hash", hash.Hex(), "peer", peer.String())
+	}
 	getPooledTxsQueryLenGauge.Update(int64(len(query.GetPooledTransactionsPacket)))
 	getPooledTxsRetrievedLenGauge.Update(int64(len(hashes)))
 	return peer.ReplyPooledTransactionsRLP(query.RequestId, hashes, txs)
@@ -427,16 +431,16 @@ func handleTransactions(backend Backend, msg Decoder, peer *Peer) error {
 	var txs TransactionsPacket
 	if err := msg.Decode(&txs); err != nil {
 		handleTxsFailMeter.Mark(1)
-		log.Debug("Failed to decode `TransactionsPacket`", "peer", peer.String(), "err", err)
+		log.Trace("Failed to decode `TransactionsPacket`", "peer", peer.String(), "err", err)
 		return fmt.Errorf("%w: message %v: %v", errDecode, msg, err)
 	}
-	log.Debug("handleTransactions", "peer", peer.String(), "len(txs)", len(txs))
+	log.Trace("handleTransactions", "peer", peer.String(), "len(txs)", len(txs))
 	handleTxsLenGauge.Update(int64(len(txs)))
 	for i, tx := range txs {
 		// Validate and mark the remote transaction
 		if tx == nil {
 			handleTxsNilMeter.Mark(1)
-			log.Debug("handleTransactions: transaction is nil", "peer", peer.String(), "i", i)
+			log.Trace("handleTransactions: transaction is nil", "peer", peer.String(), "i", i)
 			return fmt.Errorf("%w: transaction %d is nil", errDecode, i)
 		}
 		peer.markTransaction(tx.Hash())
@@ -453,16 +457,16 @@ func handlePooledTransactions66(backend Backend, msg Decoder, peer *Peer) error
 	var txs PooledTransactionsPacket66
 	if err := msg.Decode(&txs); err != nil {
 		pooledTxs66FailMeter.Mark(1)
-		log.Debug("Failed to decode `PooledTransactionsPacket66`", "peer", peer.String(), "err", err)
+		log.Trace("Failed to decode `PooledTransactionsPacket66`", "peer", peer.String(), "err", err)
 		return fmt.Errorf("%w: message %v: %v", errDecode, msg, err)
 	}
-	log.Debug("handlePooledTransactions66", "peer", peer.String(), "len(txs)", len(txs.PooledTransactionsPacket))
+	log.Trace("handlePooledTransactions66", "peer", peer.String(), "len(txs)", len(txs.PooledTransactionsPacket))
 	pooledTxs66LenGauge.Update(int64(len(txs.PooledTransactionsPacket)))
 	for i, tx := range txs.PooledTransactionsPacket {
 		// Validate and mark the remote transaction
 		if tx == nil {
 			pooledTxs66NilMeter.Mark(1)
-			log.Debug("handlePooledTransactions: transaction is nil", "peer", peer.String(), "i", i)
+			log.Trace("handlePooledTransactions: transaction is nil", "peer", peer.String(), "i", i)
 			return fmt.Errorf("%w: transaction %d is nil", errDecode, i)
 		}
 		peer.markTransaction(tx.Hash())
diff --git a/eth/protocols/eth/peer.go b/eth/protocols/eth/peer.go
index d7ab789227..838232051c 100644
--- a/eth/protocols/eth/peer.go
+++ b/eth/protocols/eth/peer.go
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ func (p *Peer) RequestTxs(hashes []common.Hash) error {
 	p.Log().Debug("Fetching batch of transactions", "count", len(hashes))
 	id := rand.Uint64()
 
-	log.Debug("Requesting transactions", "RequestId", id, "Peer.id", p.id, "count", len(hashes))
+	log.Trace("Requesting transactions", "RequestId", id, "Peer.id", p.id, "count", len(hashes))
 	peerRequestTxsCntGauge.Update(int64(len(hashes)))
 
 	requestTracker.Track(p.id, p.version, GetPooledTransactionsMsg, PooledTransactionsMsg, id)
diff --git a/eth/state_accessor.go b/eth/state_accessor.go
index c610edd85d..13b80ded03 100644
--- a/eth/state_accessor.go
+++ b/eth/state_accessor.go
@@ -176,6 +176,12 @@ func (eth *Ethereum) stateAtTransaction(block *types.Block, txIndex int, reexec
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, vm.BlockContext{}, nil, err
 	}
+	// If feynman hardfork, insert parent block hash in the state as per EIP-2935.
+	if eth.blockchain.Config().IsFeynman(block.Time()) {
+		context := core.NewEVMBlockContext(block.Header(), eth.blockchain, eth.blockchain.Config(), nil)
+		vmenv := vm.NewEVM(context, vm.TxContext{}, statedb, eth.blockchain.Config(), vm.Config{})
+		core.ProcessParentBlockHash(block.ParentHash(), vmenv, statedb)
+	}
 	if txIndex == 0 && len(block.Transactions()) == 0 {
 		return nil, vm.BlockContext{}, statedb, nil
 	}
diff --git a/eth/tracers/api.go b/eth/tracers/api.go
index 271ddf9632..7b66326c09 100644
--- a/eth/tracers/api.go
+++ b/eth/tracers/api.go
@@ -277,6 +277,11 @@ func (api *API) traceChain(ctx context.Context, start, end *types.Block, config
 			for task := range tasks {
 				signer := types.MakeSigner(api.backend.ChainConfig(), task.block.Number(), task.block.Time())
 				blockCtx := core.NewEVMBlockContext(task.block.Header(), api.chainContext(localctx), api.backend.ChainConfig(), nil)
+				// EIP-2935: Insert parent hash in history contract.
+				if api.backend.ChainConfig().IsFeynman(task.block.Time()) {
+					evm := vm.NewEVM(blockCtx, vm.TxContext{}, task.statedb, api.backend.ChainConfig(), vm.Config{})
+					core.ProcessParentBlockHash(task.block.ParentHash(), evm, task.statedb)
+				}
 				// Trace all the transactions contained within
 				for i, tx := range task.block.Transactions() {
 					msg, _ := tx.AsMessage(signer, task.block.BaseFee())
@@ -539,6 +544,11 @@ func (api *API) IntermediateRoots(ctx context.Context, hash common.Hash, config
 		vmctx              = core.NewEVMBlockContext(block.Header(), api.chainContext(ctx), api.backend.ChainConfig(), nil)
 		deleteEmptyObjects = chainConfig.IsEIP158(block.Number())
 	)
+	// EIP-2935: Insert parent hash in history contract.
+	if api.backend.ChainConfig().IsFeynman(block.Time()) {
+		vmenv := vm.NewEVM(vmctx, vm.TxContext{}, statedb, chainConfig, vm.Config{})
+		core.ProcessParentBlockHash(block.ParentHash(), vmenv, statedb)
+	}
 	for i, tx := range block.Transactions() {
 		var (
 			msg, _    = tx.AsMessage(signer, block.BaseFee())
@@ -614,6 +624,11 @@ func (api *API) traceBlock(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, config *Trac
 		threads = len(txs)
 	}
 	blockCtx := core.NewEVMBlockContext(block.Header(), api.chainContext(ctx), api.backend.ChainConfig(), nil)
+	// EIP-2935: Insert parent hash in history contract.
+	if api.backend.ChainConfig().IsFeynman(block.Time()) {
+		evm := vm.NewEVM(blockCtx, vm.TxContext{}, statedb, api.backend.ChainConfig(), vm.Config{})
+		core.ProcessParentBlockHash(block.ParentHash(), evm, statedb)
+	}
 	blockHash := block.Hash()
 	blockNumber := block.NumberU64()
 	for th := 0; th < threads; th++ {
@@ -748,6 +763,13 @@ func (api *API) standardTraceBlockToFile(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block
 			canon = false
 		}
 	}
+
+	// EIP-2935: Insert parent hash in history contract.
+	if api.backend.ChainConfig().IsFeynman(block.Time()) {
+		evm := vm.NewEVM(vmctx, vm.TxContext{}, statedb, api.backend.ChainConfig(), vm.Config{})
+		core.ProcessParentBlockHash(block.ParentHash(), evm, statedb)
+	}
+
 	for i, tx := range block.Transactions() {
 		// Prepare the trasaction for un-traced execution
 		var (
diff --git a/eth/tracers/native/call.go b/eth/tracers/native/call.go
index b2bebb15ce..36a3417d8f 100644
--- a/eth/tracers/native/call.go
+++ b/eth/tracers/native/call.go
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ package native
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
 	"math/big"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -60,21 +59,21 @@ type callTracer struct {
 func newCallTracer(ctx *tracers.Context) tracers.Tracer {
 	// First callframe contains tx context info
 	// and is populated on start and end.
-	t := &callTracer{callstack: make([]callFrame, 1)}
+	t := &callTracer{callstack: make([]callFrame, 0, 1)}
 	return t
 }
 
 // CaptureStart implements the EVMLogger interface to initialize the tracing operation.
 func (t *callTracer) CaptureStart(env *vm.EVM, from common.Address, to common.Address, create bool, input []byte, gas uint64, value *big.Int, authorizationResults []types.AuthorizationResult) {
 	t.env = env
-	t.callstack[0] = callFrame{
+	t.callstack = append(t.callstack, callFrame{
 		Type:  "CALL",
 		From:  addrToHex(from),
 		To:    addrToHex(to),
 		Input: bytesToHex(input),
 		Gas:   uintToHex(gas),
 		Value: bigToHex(value),
-	}
+	})
 	if create {
 		t.callstack[0].Type = "CREATE"
 	}
@@ -152,7 +151,10 @@ func (t *callTracer) CaptureExit(output []byte, gasUsed uint64, err error) {
 // error arising from the encoding or forceful termination (via `Stop`).
 func (t *callTracer) GetResult() (json.RawMessage, error) {
 	if len(t.callstack) != 1 {
-		return nil, errors.New("incorrect number of top-level calls")
+		// If the callstack is empty, return an empty JSON object instead of erroring
+		// Callstack can be empty due to an edge case where an L1 message is reverted even
+		// before entering the first call.
+		return json.RawMessage("{}"), nil
 	}
 	res, err := json.Marshal(t.callstack[0])
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/eth/tracers/native/call_flat.go b/eth/tracers/native/call_flat.go
index b82398c78a..721882b0c9 100644
--- a/eth/tracers/native/call_flat.go
+++ b/eth/tracers/native/call_flat.go
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ package native
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"math/big"
 	"strings"
@@ -115,7 +114,7 @@ type flatCallTracer struct {
 
 // newFlatCallTracer returns a new flatCallTracer.
 func newFlatCallTracer(ctx *tracers.Context) tracers.Tracer {
-	t := &callTracer{callstack: make([]callFrame, 1)}
+	t := &callTracer{callstack: make([]callFrame, 0, 1)}
 
 	return &flatCallTracer{callTracer: t, ctx: ctx}
 
@@ -133,7 +132,10 @@ func (t *flatCallTracer) CaptureEnter(typ vm.OpCode, from common.Address, to com
 // error arising from the encoding or forceful termination (via `Stop`).
 func (t *flatCallTracer) GetResult() (json.RawMessage, error) {
 	if len(t.callTracer.callstack) < 1 {
-		return nil, errors.New("invalid number of calls")
+		// If the callstack is empty, return an empty JSON list instead of erroring
+		// Callstack can be empty due to an edge case where an L1 message is reverted even
+		// before entering the first call.
+		return json.RawMessage("[]"), nil
 	}
 
 	flat, err := flatFromNested(&t.callTracer.callstack[0], []int{}, true, t.ctx)
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index ea4204d370..1c3397b960 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/prometheus/tsdb v0.7.1
 	github.com/rjeczalik/notify v0.9.1
 	github.com/rs/cors v1.7.0
-	github.com/scroll-tech/da-codec v0.1.3-0.20250226072559-f8a8d3898f54
+	github.com/scroll-tech/da-codec v0.1.3-0.20250313120912-344f2d5e33e1
 	github.com/scroll-tech/zktrie v0.8.4
 	github.com/shirou/gopsutil v3.21.11+incompatible
 	github.com/sourcegraph/conc v0.3.0
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index 6e028c2e64..a6c9f2ad2a 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -396,8 +396,8 @@ github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.10.0/go.mod h1:UQnix2H7Ngw/k4C5ijL5+65zddjncj
 github.com/rs/cors v1.7.0 h1:+88SsELBHx5r+hZ8TCkggzSstaWNbDvThkVK8H6f9ik=
 github.com/rs/cors v1.7.0/go.mod h1:gFx+x8UowdsKA9AchylcLynDq+nNFfI8FkUZdN/jGCU=
 github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.0.1/go.mod h1:+Rmxgy9KzJVeS9/2gXHxylqXiyQDYRxCVz55jmeOWTM=
-github.com/scroll-tech/da-codec v0.1.3-0.20250226072559-f8a8d3898f54 h1:qVpsVu1J91opTn6HYeuzWcBRVhQmPR8g05i+PlOjlI4=
-github.com/scroll-tech/da-codec v0.1.3-0.20250226072559-f8a8d3898f54/go.mod h1:xECEHZLVzbdUn+tNbRJhRIjLGTOTmnFQuTgUTeVLX58=
+github.com/scroll-tech/da-codec v0.1.3-0.20250313120912-344f2d5e33e1 h1:Dhd58LE1D+dnoxpgLVeQBMF9uweL/fhQfZHWtWSiOlE=
+github.com/scroll-tech/da-codec v0.1.3-0.20250313120912-344f2d5e33e1/go.mod h1:yhTS9OVC0xQGhg7DN5iV5KZJvnSIlFWAxDdp+6jxQtY=
 github.com/scroll-tech/zktrie v0.8.4 h1:UagmnZ4Z3ITCk+aUq9NQZJNAwnWl4gSxsLb2Nl7IgRE=
 github.com/scroll-tech/zktrie v0.8.4/go.mod h1:XvNo7vAk8yxNyTjBDj5WIiFzYW4bx/gJ78+NK6Zn6Uk=
 github.com/segmentio/kafka-go v0.1.0/go.mod h1:X6itGqS9L4jDletMsxZ7Dz+JFWxM6JHfPOCvTvk+EJo=
diff --git a/internal/ethapi/api.go b/internal/ethapi/api.go
index 83b04f4a61..d9978b7ac5 100644
--- a/internal/ethapi/api.go
+++ b/internal/ethapi/api.go
@@ -692,7 +692,6 @@ func (s *PublicBlockChainAPI) GetProof(ctx context.Context, address common.Addre
 		storageHash = types.EmptyRootHash
 	}
 	keccakCodeHash := state.GetKeccakCodeHash(address)
-	poseidonCodeHash := state.GetPoseidonCodeHash(address)
 	storageProof := make([]StorageResult, len(storageKeys))
 
 	// if we have a storageTrie, (which means the account exists), we can update the storagehash
@@ -701,7 +700,6 @@ func (s *PublicBlockChainAPI) GetProof(ctx context.Context, address common.Addre
 	} else {
 		// no storageTrie means the account does not exist, so the codeHash is the hash of an empty bytearray.
 		keccakCodeHash = codehash.EmptyKeccakCodeHash
-		poseidonCodeHash = codehash.EmptyPoseidonCodeHash
 	}
 
 	// create the proof for the storageKeys
@@ -723,17 +721,26 @@ func (s *PublicBlockChainAPI) GetProof(ctx context.Context, address common.Addre
 		return nil, proofErr
 	}
 
-	return &AccountResult{
-		Address:          address,
-		AccountProof:     toHexSlice(accountProof),
-		Balance:          (*hexutil.Big)(state.GetBalance(address)),
-		KeccakCodeHash:   keccakCodeHash,
-		PoseidonCodeHash: poseidonCodeHash,
-		CodeSize:         hexutil.Uint64(state.GetCodeSize(address)),
-		Nonce:            hexutil.Uint64(state.GetNonce(address)),
-		StorageHash:      storageHash,
-		StorageProof:     storageProof,
-	}, state.Error()
+	result := &AccountResult{
+		Address:        address,
+		AccountProof:   toHexSlice(accountProof),
+		Balance:        (*hexutil.Big)(state.GetBalance(address)),
+		KeccakCodeHash: keccakCodeHash,
+		CodeSize:       hexutil.Uint64(state.GetCodeSize(address)),
+		Nonce:          hexutil.Uint64(state.GetNonce(address)),
+		StorageHash:    storageHash,
+		StorageProof:   storageProof,
+	}
+
+	if state.IsZktrie() {
+		if storageTrie != nil {
+			result.PoseidonCodeHash = state.GetPoseidonCodeHash(address)
+		} else {
+			result.PoseidonCodeHash = codehash.EmptyPoseidonCodeHash
+		}
+	}
+
+	return result, state.Error()
 }
 
 // GetHeaderByNumber returns the requested canonical block header.
@@ -1529,10 +1536,33 @@ func AccessList(ctx context.Context, b Backend, blockNrOrHash rpc.BlockNumberOrH
 	// Retrieve the precompiles since they don't need to be added to the access list
 	precompiles := vm.ActivePrecompiles(b.ChainConfig().Rules(header.Number, header.Time))
 
+	// addressesToExclude contains sender, receiver, precompiles and valid authorizations
+	addressesToExclude := map[common.Address]struct{}{args.from(): {}, to: {}}
+	for _, addr := range precompiles {
+		addressesToExclude[addr] = struct{}{}
+	}
+
+	// Prevent redundant operations if args contain more authorizations than EVM may handle
+	maxAuthorizations := uint64(*args.Gas) / params.CallNewAccountGas
+	if uint64(len(args.AuthorizationList)) > maxAuthorizations {
+		return nil, 0, nil, errors.New("insufficient gas to process all authorizations")
+	}
+
+	for _, auth := range args.AuthorizationList {
+		// Duplicating stateTransition.validateAuthorization() logic
+		if (!auth.ChainID.IsZero() && auth.ChainID.CmpBig(b.ChainConfig().ChainID) != 0) || auth.Nonce+1 < auth.Nonce {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if authority, err := auth.Authority(); err == nil {
+			addressesToExclude[authority] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+
 	// Create an initial tracer
-	prevTracer := vm.NewAccessListTracer(nil, args.from(), to, precompiles)
+	prevTracer := vm.NewAccessListTracer(nil, addressesToExclude)
 	if args.AccessList != nil {
-		prevTracer = vm.NewAccessListTracer(*args.AccessList, args.from(), to, precompiles)
+		prevTracer = vm.NewAccessListTracer(*args.AccessList, addressesToExclude)
 	}
 	for {
 		// Retrieve the current access list to expand
@@ -1558,7 +1588,7 @@ func AccessList(ctx context.Context, b Backend, blockNrOrHash rpc.BlockNumberOrH
 		}
 
 		// Apply the transaction with the access list tracer
-		tracer := vm.NewAccessListTracer(accessList, args.from(), to, precompiles)
+		tracer := vm.NewAccessListTracer(accessList, addressesToExclude)
 		config := vm.Config{Tracer: tracer, Debug: true, NoBaseFee: true}
 		vmenv, _, err := b.GetEVM(ctx, msg, statedb, header, &config)
 		if err != nil {
diff --git a/internal/ethapi/dbapi.go b/internal/ethapi/dbapi.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d8433c2abe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/ethapi/dbapi.go
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package ethapi
+
+import (
+	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
+)
+
+// DbGet returns the raw value of a key stored in the database.
+func (api *PublicDebugAPI) DbGet(key string) (hexutil.Bytes, error) {
+	blob, err := common.ParseHexOrString(key)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return api.b.ChainDb().Get(blob)
+}
+
+// DbAncient retrieves an ancient binary blob from the append-only immutable files.
+// It is a mapping to the `AncientReaderOp.Ancient` method
+func (api *PublicDebugAPI) DbAncient(kind string, number uint64) (hexutil.Bytes, error) {
+	return api.b.ChainDb().Ancient(kind, number)
+}
+
+// DbAncients returns the ancient item numbers in the ancient store.
+// It is a mapping to the `AncientReaderOp.Ancients` method
+func (api *PublicDebugAPI) DbAncients() (uint64, error) {
+	return api.b.ChainDb().Ancients()
+}
diff --git a/internal/web3ext/web3ext.go b/internal/web3ext/web3ext.go
index 3255100341..0fc93fec84 100644
--- a/internal/web3ext/web3ext.go
+++ b/internal/web3ext/web3ext.go
@@ -482,6 +482,21 @@ web3._extend({
 			params: 2,
 			inputFormatter:[web3._extend.formatters.inputBlockNumberFormatter, web3._extend.formatters.inputBlockNumberFormatter],
 		}),
+		new web3._extend.Method({
+			name: 'dbGet',
+			call: 'debug_dbGet',
+			params: 1
+		}),
+		new web3._extend.Method({
+			name: 'dbAncient',
+			call: 'debug_dbAncient',
+			params: 2
+		}),
+		new web3._extend.Method({
+			name: 'dbAncients',
+			call: 'debug_dbAncients',
+			params: 0
+		}),
 		new web3._extend.Method({
 			name: 'executionWitness',
 			call: 'debug_executionWitness',
@@ -983,6 +998,10 @@ web3._extend({
 			name: 'localSigner',
 			getter: 'scroll_getLocalSigner',
 		}),
+		new web3._extend.Property({
+			name: 'l2BaseFeeConfig',
+			getter: 'scroll_getL2BaseFeeConfig',
+		}),
 	]
 });
 `
diff --git a/miner/miner.go b/miner/miner.go
index 0d483643df..a7b5b0cc81 100644
--- a/miner/miner.go
+++ b/miner/miner.go
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ type Config struct {
 	StoreSkippedTxTraces bool // Whether store the wrapped traces when storing a skipped tx
 	MaxAccountsNum       int  // Maximum number of accounts that miner will fetch the pending transactions of when building a new block
 	CCCMaxWorkers        int  // Maximum number of workers to use for async CCC tasks
+	AllowEmpty           bool // If true, then we allow sealing empty blocks
 
 	SigningDisabled bool // Whether to disable signing blocks with consensus enginek
 }
diff --git a/miner/scroll_worker.go b/miner/scroll_worker.go
index c2b97b5fbf..8af97f1cd7 100644
--- a/miner/scroll_worker.go
+++ b/miner/scroll_worker.go
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
 	"math/big"
+	"runtime/debug"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
@@ -341,6 +342,7 @@ func (w *worker) mainLoop() {
 		p := recover()
 		if p != nil {
 			log.Error("worker mainLoop panic", "panic", p)
+			fmt.Println("stacktrace from panic: \n" + string(debug.Stack()))
 		}
 	}()
 
@@ -400,6 +402,9 @@ func (w *worker) mainLoop() {
 			w.current.deadlineReached = true
 			if len(w.current.txs) > 0 {
 				_, err = w.commit()
+			} else if w.config.AllowEmpty {
+				log.Warn("Committing empty block", "number", w.current.header.Number)
+				_, err = w.commit()
 			}
 		case ev := <-w.txsCh:
 			idleTimer.UpdateSince(idleStart)
@@ -622,15 +627,25 @@ func (w *worker) tryCommitNewWork(now time.Time, parent common.Hash, reorging bo
 
 // handleForks
 func (w *worker) handleForks() (bool, error) {
+	// Apply Curie predeployed contract update
 	if w.chainConfig.CurieBlock != nil && w.chainConfig.CurieBlock.Cmp(w.current.header.Number) == 0 {
 		misc.ApplyCurieHardFork(w.current.state)
 		return true, nil
 	}
 
+	// Stop/start miner at Euclid fork boundary on zktrie/mpt nodes
 	if w.chainConfig.IsEuclid(w.current.header.Time) {
 		parent := w.chain.GetBlockByHash(w.current.header.ParentHash)
 		return parent != nil && !w.chainConfig.IsEuclid(parent.Time()), nil
 	}
+
+	// Apply EIP-2935
+	if w.chainConfig.IsFeynman(w.current.header.Time) {
+		context := core.NewEVMBlockContext(w.current.header, w.chain, w.chainConfig, nil)
+		vmenv := vm.NewEVM(context, vm.TxContext{}, w.current.state, w.chainConfig, vm.Config{})
+		core.ProcessParentBlockHash(w.current.header.ParentHash, vmenv, w.current.state)
+	}
+
 	return false, nil
 }
 
diff --git a/miner/scroll_worker_test.go b/miner/scroll_worker_test.go
index db18e86738..74f1371c91 100644
--- a/miner/scroll_worker_test.go
+++ b/miner/scroll_worker_test.go
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package miner
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
 	"math/big"
@@ -33,6 +34,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/consensus"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/consensus/clique"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/consensus/ethash"
+	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/consensus/system_contract"
+	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/consensus/wrapper"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/core"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/core/types"
@@ -77,6 +80,14 @@ var (
 		MaxAccountsNum: math.MaxInt,
 		CCCMaxWorkers:  2,
 	}
+
+	testConfigAllowEmpty = &Config{
+		Recommit:       time.Second,
+		GasCeil:        params.GenesisGasLimit,
+		MaxAccountsNum: math.MaxInt,
+		CCCMaxWorkers:  2,
+		AllowEmpty:     true,
+	}
 )
 
 func init() {
@@ -138,6 +149,15 @@ func newTestWorkerBackend(t *testing.T, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig, engine
 		e.Authorize(testBankAddress, func(account accounts.Account, s string, data []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 			return crypto.Sign(crypto.Keccak256(data), testBankKey)
 		})
+	case *wrapper.UpgradableEngine:
+		gspec.ExtraData = make([]byte, 32+common.AddressLength+crypto.SignatureLength)
+		gspec.Timestamp = uint64(time.Now().Unix())
+		copy(gspec.ExtraData[32:32+common.AddressLength], testBankAddress.Bytes())
+		e.Authorize(testBankAddress, func(account accounts.Account, s string, data []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+			return crypto.Sign(crypto.Keccak256(data), testBankKey)
+		}, func(account accounts.Account, s string, data []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+			return crypto.Sign(crypto.Keccak256(data), testBankKey)
+		})
 	case *ethash.Ethash:
 	default:
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected consensus engine type: %T", engine)
@@ -207,14 +227,26 @@ func (b *testWorkerBackend) newRandomTx(creation bool) *types.Transaction {
 	return tx
 }
 
-func newTestWorker(t *testing.T, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig, engine consensus.Engine, db ethdb.Database, blocks int) (*worker, *testWorkerBackend) {
+func testWorker(t *testing.T, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig, engine consensus.Engine, db ethdb.Database, blocks int, allowEmpty bool) (*worker, *testWorkerBackend) {
 	backend := newTestWorkerBackend(t, chainConfig, engine, db, blocks)
 	backend.txPool.AddLocals(pendingTxs)
-	w := newWorker(testConfig, chainConfig, engine, backend, new(event.TypeMux), nil, false, false)
+	config := testConfig
+	if allowEmpty {
+		config = testConfigAllowEmpty
+	}
+	w := newWorker(config, chainConfig, engine, backend, new(event.TypeMux), nil, false, false)
 	w.setEtherbase(testBankAddress)
 	return w, backend
 }
 
+func newTestWorker(t *testing.T, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig, engine consensus.Engine, db ethdb.Database, blocks int) (*worker, *testWorkerBackend) {
+	return testWorker(t, chainConfig, engine, db, blocks, false)
+}
+
+func newTestWorkerWithEmptyBlock(t *testing.T, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig, engine consensus.Engine, db ethdb.Database, blocks int) (*worker, *testWorkerBackend) {
+	return testWorker(t, chainConfig, engine, db, blocks, true)
+}
+
 func TestGenerateBlockAndImportClique(t *testing.T) {
 	testGenerateBlockAndImport(t, true)
 }
@@ -1355,3 +1387,84 @@ func TestEuclidV2HardForkMessageQueue(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+// TestEuclidV2TransitionVerification tests that the upgradable consensus engine
+// can successfully verify the EuclidV2 transition chain.
+func TestEuclidV2TransitionVerification(t *testing.T) {
+	// patch time.Now() to be able to simulate hard fork time
+	patches := gomonkey.NewPatches()
+	defer patches.Reset()
+	var timeCount int64
+	patches.ApplyFunc(time.Now, func() time.Time {
+		timeCount++
+		return time.Unix(timeCount, 0)
+	})
+
+	// init chain config
+	chainConfig := params.AllCliqueProtocolChanges.Clone()
+	chainConfig.EuclidTime = newUint64(0)
+	chainConfig.EuclidV2Time = newUint64(10000)
+	chainConfig.FeynmanTime = nil
+	chainConfig.Clique = &params.CliqueConfig{Period: 1, Epoch: 30000}
+	chainConfig.SystemContract = &params.SystemContractConfig{Period: 1}
+
+	// init worker
+	db := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
+	cliqueEngine := clique.New(chainConfig.Clique, db)
+	sysEngine := system_contract.New(context.Background(), chainConfig.SystemContract, &system_contract.FakeEthClient{Value: testBankAddress})
+	engine := wrapper.NewUpgradableEngine(chainConfig.IsEuclidV2, cliqueEngine, sysEngine)
+	w, b := newTestWorkerWithEmptyBlock(t, chainConfig, engine, db, 0)
+	defer w.close()
+	b.genesis.MustCommit(db)
+
+	// collect mined blocks
+	sub := w.mux.Subscribe(core.NewMinedBlockEvent{})
+	defer sub.Unsubscribe()
+	w.start()
+
+	blocks := []*types.Block{}
+	headers := []*types.Header{}
+
+	for i := 0; i < 6; i++ {
+		select {
+		case ev := <-sub.Chan():
+			// activate EuclidV2 at next block
+			if i == 2 {
+				timeCount = int64(*chainConfig.EuclidV2Time)
+			}
+
+			block := ev.Data.(core.NewMinedBlockEvent).Block
+			blocks = append(blocks, block)
+			headers = append(headers, block.Header())
+
+		case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
+			t.Fatalf("timeout")
+		}
+	}
+
+	// sanity check: we generated the EuclidV2 transition block
+	assert.False(t, chainConfig.IsEuclidV2(headers[0].Time))
+	assert.True(t, chainConfig.IsEuclidV2(headers[len(headers)-1].Time))
+
+	// import headers into new chain
+	chainDb := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
+	b.genesis.MustCommit(chainDb)
+	chain, err := core.NewBlockChain(chainDb, nil, b.chain.Config(), engine, vm.Config{}, nil, nil)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	defer chain.Stop()
+
+	// previously this would fail with `unknown ancestor`
+	_, err = chain.InsertHeaderChain(headers, 0)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// import headers into new chain
+	chainDb = rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
+	b.genesis.MustCommit(chainDb)
+	chain, err = core.NewBlockChain(chainDb, nil, b.chain.Config(), engine, vm.Config{}, nil, nil)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	defer chain.Stop()
+
+	// previously this would fail with `unknown ancestor`
+	_, err = chain.InsertChain(blocks)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+}
diff --git a/params/config.go b/params/config.go
index 1684a1bc3f..eda4340e80 100644
--- a/params/config.go
+++ b/params/config.go
@@ -328,20 +328,31 @@ var (
 		CurieBlock:          big.NewInt(4740239),
 		DarwinTime:          newUint64(1723622400),
 		DarwinV2Time:        newUint64(1724832000),
+		EuclidTime:          newUint64(1741680000),
+		EuclidV2Time:        newUint64(1741852800),
+		FeynmanTime:         nil,
 		Clique: &CliqueConfig{
 			Period: 3,
 			Epoch:  30000,
 		},
+		SystemContract: &SystemContractConfig{
+			Period:                3,
+			SystemContractAddress: common.HexToAddress("0xC706Ba9fa4fedF4507CB7A898b4766c1bbf9be57"),
+			SystemContractSlot:    common.HexToHash("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000067"),
+		},
 		Scroll: ScrollConfig{
 			UseZktrie:                 true,
 			MaxTxPerBlock:             &ScrollMaxTxPerBlock,
 			MaxTxPayloadBytesPerBlock: &ScrollMaxTxPayloadBytesPerBlock,
 			FeeVaultAddress:           &rcfg.ScrollFeeVaultAddress,
 			L1Config: &L1Config{
-				L1ChainId:             11155111,
-				L1MessageQueueAddress: common.HexToAddress("0xF0B2293F5D834eAe920c6974D50957A1732de763"),
-				NumL1MessagesPerBlock: 10,
-				ScrollChainAddress:    common.HexToAddress("0x2D567EcE699Eabe5afCd141eDB7A4f2D0D6ce8a0"),
+				L1ChainId:                       11155111,
+				L1MessageQueueAddress:           common.HexToAddress("0xF0B2293F5D834eAe920c6974D50957A1732de763"),
+				L1MessageQueueV2Address:         common.HexToAddress("0xA0673eC0A48aa924f067F1274EcD281A10c5f19F"),
+				L1MessageQueueV2DeploymentBlock: 7773746,
+				NumL1MessagesPerBlock:           10,
+				ScrollChainAddress:              common.HexToAddress("0x2D567EcE699Eabe5afCd141eDB7A4f2D0D6ce8a0"),
+				L2SystemConfigAddress:           common.HexToAddress("0xF444cF06A3E3724e20B35c2989d3942ea8b59124"),
 			},
 			GenesisStateRoot: &ScrollSepoliaGenesisState,
 		},
@@ -369,20 +380,31 @@ var (
 		CurieBlock:          big.NewInt(7096836),
 		DarwinTime:          newUint64(1724227200),
 		DarwinV2Time:        newUint64(1725264000),
+		EuclidTime:          newUint64(1744815600),
+		EuclidV2Time:        newUint64(1745305200),
+		FeynmanTime:         nil,
 		Clique: &CliqueConfig{
 			Period: 3,
 			Epoch:  30000,
 		},
+		SystemContract: &SystemContractConfig{
+			Period:                3,
+			SystemContractAddress: common.HexToAddress("0x8432728A257646449245558B8b7Dbe51A16c7a4D"),
+			SystemContractSlot:    common.HexToHash("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000067"),
+		},
 		Scroll: ScrollConfig{
 			UseZktrie:                 true,
 			MaxTxPerBlock:             &ScrollMaxTxPerBlock,
 			MaxTxPayloadBytesPerBlock: &ScrollMaxTxPayloadBytesPerBlock,
 			FeeVaultAddress:           &rcfg.ScrollFeeVaultAddress,
 			L1Config: &L1Config{
-				L1ChainId:             1,
-				L1MessageQueueAddress: common.HexToAddress("0x0d7E906BD9cAFa154b048cFa766Cc1E54E39AF9B"),
-				NumL1MessagesPerBlock: 10,
-				ScrollChainAddress:    common.HexToAddress("0xa13BAF47339d63B743e7Da8741db5456DAc1E556"),
+				L1ChainId:                       1,
+				L1MessageQueueAddress:           common.HexToAddress("0x0d7E906BD9cAFa154b048cFa766Cc1E54E39AF9B"),
+				L1MessageQueueV2Address:         common.HexToAddress("0x56971da63A3C0205184FEF096E9ddFc7A8C2D18a"),
+				L1MessageQueueV2DeploymentBlock: 22088276,
+				NumL1MessagesPerBlock:           10,
+				ScrollChainAddress:              common.HexToAddress("0xa13BAF47339d63B743e7Da8741db5456DAc1E556"),
+				L2SystemConfigAddress:           common.HexToAddress("0x331A873a2a85219863d80d248F9e2978fE88D0Ea"),
 			},
 			GenesisStateRoot: &ScrollMainnetGenesisState,
 		},
@@ -501,6 +523,7 @@ var (
 		DarwinV2Time:            new(uint64),
 		EuclidTime:              new(uint64),
 		EuclidV2Time:            new(uint64),
+		FeynmanTime:             new(uint64),
 		TerminalTotalDifficulty: nil,
 		Ethash:                  new(EthashConfig),
 		Clique:                  nil,
@@ -642,6 +665,7 @@ type ChainConfig struct {
 	DarwinV2Time        *uint64  `json:"darwinv2Time,omitempty"`        // DarwinV2 switch time (nil = no fork, 0 = already on darwinv2)
 	EuclidTime          *uint64  `json:"euclidTime,omitempty"`          // Euclid switch time (nil = no fork, 0 = already on euclid)
 	EuclidV2Time        *uint64  `json:"euclidv2Time,omitempty"`        // EuclidV2 switch time (nil = no fork, 0 = already on euclidv2)
+	FeynmanTime         *uint64  `json:"feynmanTime,omitempty"`         // Feynman switch time (nil = no fork, 0 = already on feynman)
 
 	// TerminalTotalDifficulty is the amount of total difficulty reached by
 	// the network that triggers the consensus upgrade.
@@ -692,10 +716,11 @@ type ScrollConfig struct {
 type L1Config struct {
 	L1ChainId                       uint64         `json:"l1ChainId,string,omitempty"`
 	L1MessageQueueAddress           common.Address `json:"l1MessageQueueAddress,omitempty"`
-	L1MessageQueueV2Address         common.Address `json:"l1MessageQueueV2Address,omitempty"`         // TODO: set address once known
-	L1MessageQueueV2DeploymentBlock uint64         `json:"l1MessageQueueV2DeploymentBlock,omitempty"` // TODO: set block number once known
+	L1MessageQueueV2Address         common.Address `json:"l1MessageQueueV2Address,omitempty"`
+	L1MessageQueueV2DeploymentBlock uint64         `json:"l1MessageQueueV2DeploymentBlock,omitempty"`
 	NumL1MessagesPerBlock           uint64         `json:"numL1MessagesPerBlock,string,omitempty"`
 	ScrollChainAddress              common.Address `json:"scrollChainAddress,omitempty"`
+	L2SystemConfigAddress           common.Address `json:"l2SystemConfigAddress,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (c *L1Config) String() string {
@@ -703,8 +728,8 @@ func (c *L1Config) String() string {
 		return "<nil>"
 	}
 
-	return fmt.Sprintf("{l1ChainId: %v, l1MessageQueueAddress: %v, numL1MessagesPerBlock: %v, ScrollChainAddress: %v}",
-		c.L1ChainId, c.L1MessageQueueAddress.Hex(), c.NumL1MessagesPerBlock, c.ScrollChainAddress.Hex())
+	return fmt.Sprintf("{l1ChainId: %v, l1MessageQueueAddress: %v, l1MessageQueueV2Address: %v, l1MessageQueueV2DeploymentBlock: %v, numL1MessagesPerBlock: %v, ScrollChainAddress: %v, L2SystemConfigAddress: %v}",
+		c.L1ChainId, c.L1MessageQueueAddress.Hex(), c.L1MessageQueueV2Address.Hex(), c.L1MessageQueueV2DeploymentBlock, c.NumL1MessagesPerBlock, c.ScrollChainAddress.Hex(), c.L2SystemConfigAddress.Hex())
 }
 
 func (s ScrollConfig) FeeVaultEnabled() bool {
@@ -730,8 +755,13 @@ func (s ScrollConfig) String() string {
 		maxTxPayloadBytesPerBlock = fmt.Sprintf("%v", *s.MaxTxPayloadBytesPerBlock)
 	}
 
-	return fmt.Sprintf("{useZktrie: %v, maxTxPerBlock: %v, MaxTxPayloadBytesPerBlock: %v, feeVaultAddress: %v, l1Config: %v}",
-		s.UseZktrie, maxTxPerBlock, maxTxPayloadBytesPerBlock, s.FeeVaultAddress, s.L1Config.String())
+	genesisStateRoot := "<nil>"
+	if s.GenesisStateRoot != nil {
+		genesisStateRoot = fmt.Sprintf("%v", *s.GenesisStateRoot)
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Sprintf("{useZktrie: %v, maxTxPerBlock: %v, MaxTxPayloadBytesPerBlock: %v, feeVaultAddress: %v, l1Config: %v, genesisStateRoot: %v}",
+		s.UseZktrie, maxTxPerBlock, maxTxPayloadBytesPerBlock, s.FeeVaultAddress, s.L1Config.String(), genesisStateRoot)
 }
 
 // IsValidTxCount returns whether the given block's transaction count is below the limit.
@@ -750,6 +780,14 @@ func (s ScrollConfig) IsValidBlockSizeForMining(size common.StorageSize) bool {
 	return s.IsValidBlockSize(size * (1.0 / 0.95))
 }
 
+// L2SystemConfigAddress returns the configured l2 system config address, or the zero address if it is not configured.
+func (s ScrollConfig) L2SystemConfigAddress() common.Address {
+	if s.L1Config == nil {
+		return common.Address{} // only in tests
+	}
+	return s.L1Config.L2SystemConfigAddress
+}
+
 // EthashConfig is the consensus engine configs for proof-of-work based sealing.
 type EthashConfig struct{}
 
@@ -818,7 +856,11 @@ func (c *ChainConfig) String() string {
 	if c.EuclidV2Time != nil {
 		euclidV2Time = fmt.Sprintf("@%v", *c.EuclidV2Time)
 	}
-	return fmt.Sprintf("{ChainID: %v Homestead: %v DAO: %v DAOSupport: %v EIP150: %v EIP155: %v EIP158: %v Byzantium: %v Constantinople: %v Petersburg: %v Istanbul: %v, Muir Glacier: %v, Berlin: %v, London: %v, Arrow Glacier: %v, Archimedes: %v, Shanghai: %v, Bernoulli: %v, Curie: %v, Darwin: %v, DarwinV2: %v, Euclid: %v, EuclidV2: %v, Engine: %v, Scroll config: %v}",
+	feynmanTime := "<nil>"
+	if c.FeynmanTime != nil {
+		feynmanTime = fmt.Sprintf("@%v", *c.FeynmanTime)
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("{ChainID: %v Homestead: %v DAO: %v DAOSupport: %v EIP150: %v EIP155: %v EIP158: %v Byzantium: %v Constantinople: %v Petersburg: %v Istanbul: %v, Muir Glacier: %v, Berlin: %v, London: %v, Arrow Glacier: %v, Archimedes: %v, Shanghai: %v, Bernoulli: %v, Curie: %v, Darwin: %v, DarwinV2: %v, Euclid: %v, EuclidV2: %v, Feynman: %v, Engine: %v, Scroll config: %v}",
 		c.ChainID,
 		c.HomesteadBlock,
 		c.DAOForkBlock,
@@ -842,6 +884,7 @@ func (c *ChainConfig) String() string {
 		darwinV2Time,
 		euclidTime,
 		euclidV2Time,
+		feynmanTime,
 		engine,
 		c.Scroll,
 	)
@@ -954,6 +997,11 @@ func (c *ChainConfig) IsEuclidV2(now uint64) bool {
 	return isForkedTime(now, c.EuclidV2Time)
 }
 
+// IsFeynman returns whether time is either equal to the Feynman fork time or greater.
+func (c *ChainConfig) IsFeynman(now uint64) bool {
+	return isForkedTime(now, c.FeynmanTime)
+}
+
 // IsTerminalPoWBlock returns whether the given block is the last block of PoW stage.
 func (c *ChainConfig) IsTerminalPoWBlock(parentTotalDiff *big.Int, totalDiff *big.Int) bool {
 	if c.TerminalTotalDifficulty == nil {
@@ -1167,6 +1215,7 @@ type Rules struct {
 	IsByzantium, IsConstantinople, IsPetersburg, IsIstanbul bool
 	IsBerlin, IsLondon, IsArchimedes, IsShanghai            bool
 	IsBernoulli, IsCurie, IsDarwin, IsEuclid, IsEuclidV2    bool
+	IsFeynman                                               bool
 }
 
 // Rules ensures c's ChainID is not nil.
@@ -1194,5 +1243,6 @@ func (c *ChainConfig) Rules(num *big.Int, time uint64) Rules {
 		IsDarwin:         c.IsDarwin(time),
 		IsEuclid:         c.IsEuclid(time),
 		IsEuclidV2:       c.IsEuclidV2(time),
+		IsFeynman:        c.IsFeynman(time),
 	}
 }
diff --git a/params/protocol_params.go b/params/protocol_params.go
index a541c86a0f..7fa848db83 100644
--- a/params/protocol_params.go
+++ b/params/protocol_params.go
@@ -16,7 +16,11 @@
 
 package params
 
-import "math/big"
+import (
+	"math/big"
+
+	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/common"
+)
 
 const (
 	GasLimitBoundDivisor uint64 = 1024    // The bound divisor of the gas limit, used in update calculations.
@@ -87,6 +91,8 @@ const (
 
 	TxDataNonZeroGasFrontier  uint64 = 68    // Per byte of data attached to a transaction that is not equal to zero. NOTE: Not payable on data of calls between transactions.
 	TxDataNonZeroGasEIP2028   uint64 = 16    // Per byte of non zero data attached to a transaction after EIP 2028 (part in Istanbul)
+	TxTokenPerNonZeroByte     uint64 = 4     // Token cost per non-zero byte as specified by EIP-7623.
+	TxCostFloorPerToken       uint64 = 10    // Cost floor per byte of data as specified by EIP-7623.
 	TxAccessListAddressGas    uint64 = 2400  // Per address specified in EIP 2930 access list
 	TxAccessListStorageKeyGas uint64 = 1900  // Per storage key specified in EIP 2930 access list
 	TxAuthTupleGas            uint64 = 12500 // Per auth tuple code specified in EIP-7702
@@ -165,17 +171,30 @@ const (
 
 	BlobTxBlobGasPerBlob             = 1 << 17 // Gas consumption of a single data blob (== blob byte size)
 	BlobTxMinBlobGasprice            = 1       // Minimum gas price for data blobs
-	BlobTxBlobGaspriceUpdateFraction = 3338477 // Controls the maximum rate of change for blob gas price
+	BlobTxBlobGaspriceUpdateFraction = 5007716 // Controls the maximum rate of change for blob gas price, using Prague parameters
 
-	BlobTxTargetBlobGasPerBlock = 3 * BlobTxBlobGasPerBlob // Target consumable blob gas for data blobs per block (for 1559-like pricing)
+	BlobTxTargetBlobGasPerBlock = 6 * BlobTxBlobGasPerBlob // Target consumable blob gas for data blobs per block (for 1559-like pricing), using Prague parameters
+
+	HistoryServeWindow = 8192 // Number of blocks to serve historical block hashes for, EIP-2935.
 )
 
 // Gas discount table for BLS12-381 G1 and G2 multi exponentiation operations
 var Bls12381MultiExpDiscountTable = [128]uint64{1200, 888, 764, 641, 594, 547, 500, 453, 438, 423, 408, 394, 379, 364, 349, 334, 330, 326, 322, 318, 314, 310, 306, 302, 298, 294, 289, 285, 281, 277, 273, 269, 268, 266, 265, 263, 262, 260, 259, 257, 256, 254, 253, 251, 250, 248, 247, 245, 244, 242, 241, 239, 238, 236, 235, 233, 232, 231, 229, 228, 226, 225, 223, 222, 221, 220, 219, 219, 218, 217, 216, 216, 215, 214, 213, 213, 212, 211, 211, 210, 209, 208, 208, 207, 206, 205, 205, 204, 203, 202, 202, 201, 200, 199, 199, 198, 197, 196, 196, 195, 194, 193, 193, 192, 191, 191, 190, 189, 188, 188, 187, 186, 185, 185, 184, 183, 182, 182, 181, 180, 179, 179, 178, 177, 176, 176, 175, 174}
 
+// Difficulty parameters.
 var (
 	DifficultyBoundDivisor = big.NewInt(2048)   // The bound divisor of the difficulty, used in the update calculations.
 	GenesisDifficulty      = big.NewInt(131072) // Difficulty of the Genesis block.
 	MinimumDifficulty      = big.NewInt(131072) // The minimum that the difficulty may ever be.
 	DurationLimit          = big.NewInt(13)     // The decision boundary on the blocktime duration used to determine whether difficulty should go up or not.
 )
+
+// System contracts.
+var (
+	// SystemAddress is where the system-transaction is sent from as per EIP-4788
+	SystemAddress = common.HexToAddress("0xfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffe")
+
+	// EIP-2935 - Serve historical block hashes from state
+	HistoryStorageAddress = common.HexToAddress("0x0000F90827F1C53a10cb7A02335B175320002935")
+	HistoryStorageCode    = common.FromHex("3373fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffe14604657602036036042575f35600143038111604257611fff81430311604257611fff9006545f5260205ff35b5f5ffd5b5f35611fff60014303065500")
+)
diff --git a/params/version.go b/params/version.go
index 6badac58f8..0a9f4e2b00 100644
--- a/params/version.go
+++ b/params/version.go
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import (
 const (
 	VersionMajor = 5         // Major version component of the current release
 	VersionMinor = 8         // Minor version component of the current release
-	VersionPatch = 21        // Patch version component of the current release
+	VersionPatch = 56        // Patch version component of the current release
 	VersionMeta  = "mainnet" // Version metadata to append to the version string
 )
 
diff --git a/rollup/da_syncer/batch_queue.go b/rollup/da_syncer/batch_queue.go
index 1850f53c19..b0b2614004 100644
--- a/rollup/da_syncer/batch_queue.go
+++ b/rollup/da_syncer/batch_queue.go
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ func (bq *BatchQueue) processAndDeleteBatch(batch da.Entry) da.EntryWithBlocks {
 	// In case of a restart or crash we can continue from the last processed batch (and its metadata).
 	rawdb.WriteDAProcessedBatchMeta(bq.db, bq.previousBatch)
 
-	log.Info("processing batch", "batchIndex", entryWithBlocks.BatchIndex(), "L1BlockNumber", entryWithBlocks.L1BlockNumber(), "totalL1MessagesPopped", entryWithBlocks.TotalL1MessagesPopped(), "previousBatch", bq.previousBatch.BatchIndex, "previousL1BlockNumber", bq.previousBatch.L1BlockNumber, "previous TotalL1MessagesPopped", bq.previousBatch.TotalL1MessagesPopped)
+	log.Debug("processing batch", "batchIndex", entryWithBlocks.BatchIndex(), "L1BlockNumber", entryWithBlocks.L1BlockNumber(), "totalL1MessagesPopped", entryWithBlocks.TotalL1MessagesPopped(), "previousBatch", bq.previousBatch.BatchIndex, "previousL1BlockNumber", bq.previousBatch.L1BlockNumber, "previous TotalL1MessagesPopped", bq.previousBatch.TotalL1MessagesPopped)
 
 	bq.previousBatch = &rawdb.DAProcessedBatchMeta{
 		L1BlockNumber:         entryWithBlocks.L1BlockNumber(),
diff --git a/rollup/da_syncer/blob_client/beacon_node_client.go b/rollup/da_syncer/blob_client/beacon_node_client.go
index adb61a4199..f7129af76d 100644
--- a/rollup/da_syncer/blob_client/beacon_node_client.go
+++ b/rollup/da_syncer/blob_client/beacon_node_client.go
@@ -9,12 +9,18 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
 	"strconv"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/crypto/kzg4844"
 )
 
+const (
+	BeaconNodeDefaultTimeout = 15 * time.Second
+)
+
 type BeaconNodeClient struct {
+	client         *http.Client
 	apiEndpoint    string
 	genesisTime    uint64
 	secondsPerSlot uint64
@@ -27,12 +33,14 @@ var (
 )
 
 func NewBeaconNodeClient(apiEndpoint string) (*BeaconNodeClient, error) {
+	client := &http.Client{Timeout: BeaconNodeDefaultTimeout}
+
 	// get genesis time
 	genesisPath, err := url.JoinPath(apiEndpoint, beaconNodeGenesisEndpoint)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to join path, err: %w", err)
 	}
-	resp, err := http.Get(genesisPath)
+	resp, err := client.Get(genesisPath)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot do request, err: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -62,7 +70,7 @@ func NewBeaconNodeClient(apiEndpoint string) (*BeaconNodeClient, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to join path, err: %w", err)
 	}
-	resp, err = http.Get(specPath)
+	resp, err = client.Get(specPath)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot do request, err: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -91,6 +99,7 @@ func NewBeaconNodeClient(apiEndpoint string) (*BeaconNodeClient, error) {
 	}
 
 	return &BeaconNodeClient{
+		client:         client,
 		apiEndpoint:    apiEndpoint,
 		genesisTime:    genesisTime,
 		secondsPerSlot: secondsPerSlot,
@@ -105,7 +114,7 @@ func (c *BeaconNodeClient) GetBlobByVersionedHashAndBlockTime(ctx context.Contex
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to join path, err: %w", err)
 	}
-	resp, err := http.Get(blobSidecarPath)
+	resp, err := c.client.Get(blobSidecarPath)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot do request, err: %w", err)
 	}
diff --git a/rollup/da_syncer/blob_client/blob_scan_client.go b/rollup/da_syncer/blob_client/blob_scan_client.go
index 0185cc9dc9..c4756ed695 100644
--- a/rollup/da_syncer/blob_client/blob_scan_client.go
+++ b/rollup/da_syncer/blob_client/blob_scan_client.go
@@ -8,12 +8,17 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/crypto/kzg4844"
 )
 
+const (
+	BlobScanDefaultTimeout = 15 * time.Second
+)
+
 type BlobScanClient struct {
 	client      *http.Client
 	apiEndpoint string
@@ -21,7 +26,7 @@ type BlobScanClient struct {
 
 func NewBlobScanClient(apiEndpoint string) *BlobScanClient {
 	return &BlobScanClient{
-		client:      http.DefaultClient,
+		client:      &http.Client{Timeout: BlobScanDefaultTimeout},
 		apiEndpoint: apiEndpoint,
 	}
 }
@@ -59,6 +64,12 @@ func (c *BlobScanClient) GetBlobByVersionedHashAndBlockTime(ctx context.Context,
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to decode result into struct, err: %w", err)
 	}
+
+	// check that blob data is not empty
+	if len(result.Data) < 2 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("blob data is too short to be valid, expected at least 2 characters, got: %s, versioned hash: %s", result.Data, versionedHash.String())
+	}
+
 	blobBytes, err := hex.DecodeString(result.Data[2:])
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to decode data to bytes, err: %w", err)
diff --git a/rollup/da_syncer/blob_client/block_native_client.go b/rollup/da_syncer/blob_client/block_native_client.go
index 1fe6efbbab..b3ec31ba62 100644
--- a/rollup/da_syncer/blob_client/block_native_client.go
+++ b/rollup/da_syncer/blob_client/block_native_client.go
@@ -8,18 +8,25 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/crypto/kzg4844"
 )
 
+const (
+	BlockNativeDefaultTimeout = 15 * time.Second
+)
+
 type BlockNativeClient struct {
+	client      *http.Client
 	apiEndpoint string
 }
 
 func NewBlockNativeClient(apiEndpoint string) *BlockNativeClient {
 	return &BlockNativeClient{
+		client:      &http.Client{Timeout: BlockNativeDefaultTimeout},
 		apiEndpoint: apiEndpoint,
 	}
 }
@@ -34,7 +41,7 @@ func (c *BlockNativeClient) GetBlobByVersionedHashAndBlockTime(ctx context.Conte
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot create request, err: %w", err)
 	}
-	resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
+	resp, err := c.client.Do(req)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot do request, err: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -52,6 +59,12 @@ func (c *BlockNativeClient) GetBlobByVersionedHashAndBlockTime(ctx context.Conte
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to decode result into struct, err: %w", err)
 	}
+
+	// check that blob data is not empty
+	if len(result.Blob.Data) < 2 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("blob data is too short to be valid, expected at least 2 characters, got: %s, versioned hash: %s", result.Blob.Data, versionedHash.String())
+	}
+
 	blobBytes, err := hex.DecodeString(result.Blob.Data[2:])
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to decode data to bytes, err: %w", err)
diff --git a/rollup/fees/rollup_fee.go b/rollup/fees/rollup_fee.go
index 2c46aeedbf..ac5fa9fa81 100644
--- a/rollup/fees/rollup_fee.go
+++ b/rollup/fees/rollup_fee.go
@@ -20,8 +20,15 @@ var (
 	// to be non-zero.
 	// - tx length prefix: 4 bytes
 	txExtraDataBytes = uint64(4)
+
+	// L1 data fee cap.
+	l1DataFeeCap = new(big.Int).SetUint64(math.MaxUint64)
 )
 
+func MaxL1DataFee() *big.Int {
+	return new(big.Int).Set(l1DataFeeCap)
+}
+
 // Message represents the interface of a message.
 // It should be a subset of the methods found on
 // types.Message
@@ -248,8 +255,8 @@ func CalculateL1DataFee(tx *types.Transaction, state StateDB, config *params.Cha
 
 	// ensure l1DataFee fits into uint64 for circuit compatibility
 	// (note: in practice this value should never be this big)
-	if !l1DataFee.IsUint64() {
-		l1DataFee.SetUint64(math.MaxUint64)
+	if l1DataFee.Cmp(l1DataFeeCap) > 0 {
+		l1DataFee = new(big.Int).Set(l1DataFeeCap)
 	}
 
 	return l1DataFee, nil
diff --git a/rollup/l1/abi.go b/rollup/l1/abi.go
index bcc35b5a75..17b00c7cd1 100644
--- a/rollup/l1/abi.go
+++ b/rollup/l1/abi.go
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ func init() {
 
 // ScrollChainMetaData contains ABI of the ScrollChain contract.
 var ScrollChainMetaData = &bind.MetaData{
-	ABI: "[{\"type\":\"constructor\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"_chainId\",\"type\":\"uint64\",\"internalType\":\"uint64\"},{\"name\":\"_messageQueueV1\",\"type\":\"address\",\"internalType\":\"address\"},{\"name\":\"_messageQueueV2\",\"type\":\"address\",\"internalType\":\"address\"},{\"name\":\"_verifier\",\"type\":\"address\",\"internalType\":\"address\"},{\"name\":\"_systemConfig\",\"type\":\"address\",\"internalType\":\"address\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"addProver\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"_account\",\"type\":\"address\",\"internalType\":\"address\"}],\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"addSequencer\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"_account\",\"type\":\"address\",\"internalType\":\"address\"}],\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"commitAndFinalizeBatch\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"version\",\"type\":\"uint8\",\"internalType\":\"uint8\"},{\"name\":\"parentBatchHash\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"},{\"name\":\"finalizeStruct\",\"type\":\"tuple\",\"internalType\":\"struct IScrollChain.FinalizeStruct\",\"components\":[{\"name\":\"batchHeader\",\"type\":\"bytes\",\"internalType\":\"bytes\"},{\"name\":\"lastProcessedQueueIndex\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"internalType\":\"uint256\"},{\"name\":\"postStateRoot\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"},{\"name\":\"withdrawRoot\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"},{\"name\":\"zkProof\",\"type\":\"bytes\",\"internalType\":\"bytes\"}]}],\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"commitBatchWithBlobProof\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"_version\",\"type\":\"uint8\",\"internalType\":\"uint8\"},{\"name\":\"_parentBatchHeader\",\"type\":\"bytes\",\"internalType\":\"bytes\"},{\"name\":\"_chunks\",\"type\":\"bytes[]\",\"internalType\":\"bytes[]\"},{\"name\":\"_skippedL1MessageBitmap\",\"type\":\"bytes\",\"internalType\":\"bytes\"},{\"name\":\"_blobDataProof\",\"type\":\"bytes\",\"internalType\":\"bytes\"}],\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"commitBatches\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"version\",\"type\":\"uint8\",\"internalType\":\"uint8\"},{\"name\":\"parentBatchHash\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"},{\"name\":\"lastBatchHash\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"}],\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"committedBatches\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"internalType\":\"uint256\"}],\"outputs\":[{\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"disableEnforcedBatchMode\",\"inputs\":[],\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"finalizeBundlePostEuclidV2\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"batchHeader\",\"type\":\"bytes\",\"internalType\":\"bytes\"},{\"name\":\"lastProcessedQueueIndex\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"internalType\":\"uint256\"},{\"name\":\"postStateRoot\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"},{\"name\":\"withdrawRoot\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"},{\"name\":\"aggrProof\",\"type\":\"bytes\",\"internalType\":\"bytes\"}],\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"finalizeBundleWithProof\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"batchHeader\",\"type\":\"bytes\",\"internalType\":\"bytes\"},{\"name\":\"postStateRoot\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"},{\"name\":\"withdrawRoot\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"},{\"name\":\"aggrProof\",\"type\":\"bytes\",\"internalType\":\"bytes\"}],\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"finalizedStateRoots\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"internalType\":\"uint256\"}],\"outputs\":[{\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"importGenesisBatch\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"_batchHeader\",\"type\":\"bytes\",\"internalType\":\"bytes\"},{\"name\":\"_stateRoot\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"}],\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"initialEuclidBatchIndex\",\"inputs\":[],\"outputs\":[{\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"internalType\":\"uint256\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"initialize\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"_messageQueue\",\"type\":\"address\",\"internalType\":\"address\"},{\"name\":\"_verifier\",\"type\":\"address\",\"internalType\":\"address\"},{\"name\":\"_maxNumTxInChunk\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"internalType\":\"uint256\"}],\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"initializeV2\",\"inputs\":[],\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"isBatchFinalized\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"_batchIndex\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"internalType\":\"uint256\"}],\"outputs\":[{\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"bool\",\"internalType\":\"bool\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"isEnforcedModeEnabled\",\"inputs\":[],\"outputs\":[{\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"bool\",\"internalType\":\"bool\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"isProver\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"address\",\"internalType\":\"address\"}],\"outputs\":[{\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"bool\",\"internalType\":\"bool\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"isSequencer\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"address\",\"internalType\":\"address\"}],\"outputs\":[{\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"bool\",\"internalType\":\"bool\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"lastFinalizedBatchIndex\",\"inputs\":[],\"outputs\":[{\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"internalType\":\"uint256\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"layer2ChainId\",\"inputs\":[],\"outputs\":[{\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"uint64\",\"internalType\":\"uint64\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"maxNumTxInChunk\",\"inputs\":[],\"outputs\":[{\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"internalType\":\"uint256\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"messageQueueV1\",\"inputs\":[],\"outputs\":[{\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"address\",\"internalType\":\"address\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"messageQueueV2\",\"inputs\":[],\"outputs\":[{\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"address\",\"internalType\":\"address\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"miscData\",\"inputs\":[],\"outputs\":[{\"name\":\"lastCommittedBatchIndex\",\"type\":\"uint64\",\"internalType\":\"uint64\"},{\"name\":\"lastFinalizedBatchIndex\",\"type\":\"uint64\",\"internalType\":\"uint64\"},{\"name\":\"lastFinalizeTimestamp\",\"type\":\"uint32\",\"internalType\":\"uint32\"},{\"name\":\"flags\",\"type\":\"uint8\",\"internalType\":\"uint8\"},{\"name\":\"reserved\",\"type\":\"uint88\",\"internalType\":\"uint88\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"owner\",\"inputs\":[],\"outputs\":[{\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"address\",\"internalType\":\"address\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"paused\",\"inputs\":[],\"outputs\":[{\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"bool\",\"internalType\":\"bool\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"removeProver\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"_account\",\"type\":\"address\",\"internalType\":\"address\"}],\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"removeSequencer\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"_account\",\"type\":\"address\",\"internalType\":\"address\"}],\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"renounceOwnership\",\"inputs\":[],\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"revertBatch\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"batchHeader\",\"type\":\"bytes\",\"internalType\":\"bytes\"}],\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"setPause\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"_status\",\"type\":\"bool\",\"internalType\":\"bool\"}],\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"systemConfig\",\"inputs\":[],\"outputs\":[{\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"address\",\"internalType\":\"address\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"transferOwnership\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"newOwner\",\"type\":\"address\",\"internalType\":\"address\"}],\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"updateMaxNumTxInChunk\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"_maxNumTxInChunk\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"internalType\":\"uint256\"}],\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"verifier\",\"inputs\":[],\"outputs\":[{\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"address\",\"internalType\":\"address\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"withdrawRoots\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"internalType\":\"uint256\"}],\"outputs\":[{\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\"},{\"type\":\"event\",\"name\":\"CommitBatch\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"batchIndex\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"indexed\":true,\"internalType\":\"uint256\"},{\"name\":\"batchHash\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"indexed\":true,\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"}],\"anonymous\":false},{\"type\":\"event\",\"name\":\"FinalizeBatch\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"batchIndex\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"indexed\":true,\"internalType\":\"uint256\"},{\"name\":\"batchHash\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"indexed\":true,\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"},{\"name\":\"stateRoot\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"indexed\":false,\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"},{\"name\":\"withdrawRoot\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"indexed\":false,\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"}],\"anonymous\":false},{\"type\":\"event\",\"name\":\"Initialized\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"version\",\"type\":\"uint8\",\"indexed\":false,\"internalType\":\"uint8\"}],\"anonymous\":false},{\"type\":\"event\",\"name\":\"OwnershipTransferred\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"previousOwner\",\"type\":\"address\",\"indexed\":true,\"internalType\":\"address\"},{\"name\":\"newOwner\",\"type\":\"address\",\"indexed\":true,\"internalType\":\"address\"}],\"anonymous\":false},{\"type\":\"event\",\"name\":\"Paused\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"account\",\"type\":\"address\",\"indexed\":false,\"internalType\":\"address\"}],\"anonymous\":false},{\"type\":\"event\",\"name\":\"RevertBatch\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"batchIndex\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"indexed\":true,\"internalType\":\"uint256\"},{\"name\":\"batchHash\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"indexed\":true,\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"}],\"anonymous\":false},{\"type\":\"event\",\"name\":\"RevertBatch\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"startBatchIndex\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"indexed\":true,\"internalType\":\"uint256\"},{\"name\":\"finishBatchIndex\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"indexed\":true,\"internalType\":\"uint256\"}],\"anonymous\":false},{\"type\":\"event\",\"name\":\"Unpaused\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"account\",\"type\":\"address\",\"indexed\":false,\"internalType\":\"address\"}],\"anonymous\":false},{\"type\":\"event\",\"name\":\"UpdateEnforcedBatchMode\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"enabled\",\"type\":\"bool\",\"indexed\":false,\"internalType\":\"bool\"},{\"name\":\"lastCommittedBatchIndex\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"indexed\":false,\"internalType\":\"uint256\"}],\"anonymous\":false},{\"type\":\"event\",\"name\":\"UpdateMaxNumTxInChunk\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"oldMaxNumTxInChunk\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"indexed\":false,\"internalType\":\"uint256\"},{\"name\":\"newMaxNumTxInChunk\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"indexed\":false,\"internalType\":\"uint256\"}],\"anonymous\":false},{\"type\":\"event\",\"name\":\"UpdateProver\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"account\",\"type\":\"address\",\"indexed\":true,\"internalType\":\"address\"},{\"name\":\"status\",\"type\":\"bool\",\"indexed\":false,\"internalType\":\"bool\"}],\"anonymous\":false},{\"type\":\"event\",\"name\":\"UpdateSequencer\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"account\",\"type\":\"address\",\"indexed\":true,\"internalType\":\"address\"},{\"name\":\"status\",\"type\":\"bool\",\"indexed\":false,\"internalType\":\"bool\"}],\"anonymous\":false},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorAccountIsNotEOA\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorBatchHeaderV0LengthTooSmall\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorBatchHeaderV1LengthTooSmall\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorBatchHeaderV3LengthMismatch\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorBatchHeaderV7LengthMismatch\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorBatchIsAlreadyCommitted\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorBatchIsAlreadyVerified\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorBatchIsEmpty\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorBatchNotCommitted\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorCallPointEvaluationPrecompileFailed\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorCallerIsNotProver\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorCallerIsNotSequencer\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorCannotDowngradeVersion\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorEuclidForkEnabled\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorFinalizePreAndPostEuclidBatchInOneBundle\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorFoundMultipleBlobs\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorGenesisBatchHasNonZeroField\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorGenesisBatchImported\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorGenesisDataHashIsZero\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorGenesisParentBatchHashIsNonZero\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorInEnforcedBatchMode\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorIncorrectBatchHash\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorIncorrectBatchVersion\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorIncorrectBitmapLength\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorIncorrectBitmapLengthV0\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorIncorrectBitmapLengthV1\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorIncorrectChunkLengthV1\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorLastL1MessageSkipped\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorNoBlobFound\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorNoBlockInChunkV1\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorNotAllV1MessagesAreFinalized\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorNotInEnforcedBatchMode\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorNumTxsLessThanNumL1Msgs\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorRevertFinalizedBatch\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorStateRootIsZero\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorTooManyTxsInOneChunk\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorUnexpectedPointEvaluationPrecompileOutput\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorV5BatchContainsTransactions\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorV5BatchNotContainsOnlyOneBlock\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorV5BatchNotContainsOnlyOneChunk\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"ErrorZeroAddress\",\"inputs\":[]},{\"type\":\"error\",\"name\":\"InconsistentBatchHash\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"batchIndex\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"internalType\":\"uint256\"},{\"name\":\"expected\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"},{\"name\":\"actual\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"}]}]",
+	ABI: "[{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"commitAndFinalizeBatch\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"version\",\"type\":\"uint8\",\"internalType\":\"uint8\"},{\"name\":\"parentBatchHash\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"},{\"name\":\"finalizeStruct\",\"type\":\"tuple\",\"internalType\":\"struct ScrollChainInterface.FinalizeStruct\",\"components\":[{\"name\":\"batchHeader\",\"type\":\"bytes\",\"internalType\":\"bytes\"},{\"name\":\"totalL1MessagesPoppedOverall\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"internalType\":\"uint256\"},{\"name\":\"postStateRoot\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"},{\"name\":\"withdrawRoot\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"},{\"name\":\"zkProof\",\"type\":\"bytes\",\"internalType\":\"bytes\"}]}],\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"commitBatch\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"version\",\"type\":\"uint8\",\"internalType\":\"uint8\"},{\"name\":\"parentBatchHeader\",\"type\":\"bytes\",\"internalType\":\"bytes\"},{\"name\":\"chunks\",\"type\":\"bytes[]\",\"internalType\":\"bytes[]\"},{\"name\":\"skippedL1MessageBitmap\",\"type\":\"bytes\",\"internalType\":\"bytes\"}],\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"commitBatchWithBlobProof\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"version\",\"type\":\"uint8\",\"internalType\":\"uint8\"},{\"name\":\"parentBatchHeader\",\"type\":\"bytes\",\"internalType\":\"bytes\"},{\"name\":\"chunks\",\"type\":\"bytes[]\",\"internalType\":\"bytes[]\"},{\"name\":\"skippedL1MessageBitmap\",\"type\":\"bytes\",\"internalType\":\"bytes\"},{\"name\":\"blobDataProof\",\"type\":\"bytes\",\"internalType\":\"bytes\"}],\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"commitBatches\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"version\",\"type\":\"uint8\",\"internalType\":\"uint8\"},{\"name\":\"parentBatchHash\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"},{\"name\":\"lastBatchHash\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"}],\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"committedBatches\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"batchIndex\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"internalType\":\"uint256\"}],\"outputs\":[{\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"finalizeBatch\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"_batchHeader\",\"type\":\"bytes\",\"internalType\":\"bytes\"},{\"name\":\"_prevStateRoot\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"},{\"name\":\"_postStateRoot\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"},{\"name\":\"_withdrawRoot\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"}],\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"finalizeBatch4844\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"_batchHeader\",\"type\":\"bytes\",\"internalType\":\"bytes\"},{\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"},{\"name\":\"_postStateRoot\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"},{\"name\":\"_withdrawRoot\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"},{\"name\":\"_blobDataProof\",\"type\":\"bytes\",\"internalType\":\"bytes\"}],\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"finalizeBatchWithProof\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"batchHeader\",\"type\":\"bytes\",\"internalType\":\"bytes\"},{\"name\":\"prevStateRoot\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"},{\"name\":\"postStateRoot\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"},{\"name\":\"withdrawRoot\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"},{\"name\":\"aggrProof\",\"type\":\"bytes\",\"internalType\":\"bytes\"}],\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"finalizeBatchWithProof4844\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"batchHeader\",\"type\":\"bytes\",\"internalType\":\"bytes\"},{\"name\":\"prevStateRoot\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"},{\"name\":\"postStateRoot\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"},{\"name\":\"withdrawRoot\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"},{\"name\":\"blobDataProof\",\"type\":\"bytes\",\"internalType\":\"bytes\"},{\"name\":\"aggrProof\",\"type\":\"bytes\",\"internalType\":\"bytes\"}],\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"finalizeBundle\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"batchHeader\",\"type\":\"bytes\",\"internalType\":\"bytes\"},{\"name\":\"postStateRoot\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"},{\"name\":\"withdrawRoot\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"}],\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"finalizeBundlePostEuclidV2\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"batchHeader\",\"type\":\"bytes\",\"internalType\":\"bytes\"},{\"name\":\"totalL1MessagesPoppedOverall\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"internalType\":\"uint256\"},{\"name\":\"postStateRoot\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"},{\"name\":\"withdrawRoot\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"},{\"name\":\"aggrProof\",\"type\":\"bytes\",\"internalType\":\"bytes\"}],\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"finalizeBundlePostEuclidV2NoProof\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"batchHeader\",\"type\":\"bytes\",\"internalType\":\"bytes\"},{\"name\":\"totalL1MessagesPoppedOverall\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"internalType\":\"uint256\"},{\"name\":\"postStateRoot\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"},{\"name\":\"withdrawRoot\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"}],\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"finalizeBundleWithProof\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"batchHeader\",\"type\":\"bytes\",\"internalType\":\"bytes\"},{\"name\":\"postStateRoot\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"},{\"name\":\"withdrawRoot\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"},{\"name\":\"aggrProof\",\"type\":\"bytes\",\"internalType\":\"bytes\"}],\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"finalizeEuclidInitialBatch\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"postStateRoot\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"}],\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"finalizedStateRoots\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"batchIndex\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"internalType\":\"uint256\"}],\"outputs\":[{\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"importGenesisBatch\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"_batchHeader\",\"type\":\"bytes\",\"internalType\":\"bytes\"},{\"name\":\"_stateRoot\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"}],\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"isBatchFinalized\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"batchIndex\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"internalType\":\"uint256\"}],\"outputs\":[{\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"bool\",\"internalType\":\"bool\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"lastFinalizedBatchIndex\",\"inputs\":[],\"outputs\":[{\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"internalType\":\"uint256\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"revertBatch\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"batchHeader\",\"type\":\"bytes\",\"internalType\":\"bytes\"},{\"name\":\"count\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"internalType\":\"uint256\"}],\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"revertBatch\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"batchHeader\",\"type\":\"bytes\",\"internalType\":\"bytes\"}],\"outputs\":[],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\"},{\"type\":\"function\",\"name\":\"withdrawRoots\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"batchIndex\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"internalType\":\"uint256\"}],\"outputs\":[{\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\"},{\"type\":\"event\",\"name\":\"CommitBatch\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"batchIndex\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"indexed\":true,\"internalType\":\"uint256\"},{\"name\":\"batchHash\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"indexed\":true,\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"}],\"anonymous\":false},{\"type\":\"event\",\"name\":\"FinalizeBatch\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"batchIndex\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"indexed\":true,\"internalType\":\"uint256\"},{\"name\":\"batchHash\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"indexed\":true,\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"},{\"name\":\"stateRoot\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"indexed\":false,\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"},{\"name\":\"withdrawRoot\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"indexed\":false,\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"}],\"anonymous\":false},{\"type\":\"event\",\"name\":\"RevertBatch\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"batchIndex\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"indexed\":true,\"internalType\":\"uint256\"},{\"name\":\"batchHash\",\"type\":\"bytes32\",\"indexed\":true,\"internalType\":\"bytes32\"}],\"anonymous\":false},{\"type\":\"event\",\"name\":\"RevertBatch\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"startBatchIndex\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"indexed\":true,\"internalType\":\"uint256\"},{\"name\":\"finishBatchIndex\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"indexed\":true,\"internalType\":\"uint256\"}],\"anonymous\":false},{\"type\":\"event\",\"name\":\"UpdateEnforcedBatchMode\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"enabled\",\"type\":\"bool\",\"indexed\":false,\"internalType\":\"bool\"},{\"name\":\"lastCommittedBatchIndex\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"indexed\":false,\"internalType\":\"uint256\"}],\"anonymous\":false}]",
 }
 
 // L1MessageQueueMetaDataManual contains all meta data concerning the L1MessageQueue contract.
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ const (
 	commitBatchMethodName              = "commitBatch"
 	commitBatchWithBlobProofMethodName = "commitBatchWithBlobProof"
 	commitBatchesV7MethodName          = "commitBatches"
+	commitAndFinalizeBatch             = "commitAndFinalizeBatch"
 
 	finalizeBundlePostEuclidV2MethodName = "finalizeBundlePostEuclidV2"
 
@@ -362,3 +363,19 @@ func newFinalizeBatchArgs(method *abi.Method, values []any) (*FinalizeBatchArgs,
 	}
 	return &args, nil
 }
+
+type commitAndFinalizeBatchArgs struct {
+	Version         uint8
+	ParentBatchHash common.Hash
+	FinalizeStruct  FinalizeBatchArgs
+}
+
+func newCommitAndFinalizeBatchArgs(method *abi.Method, values []any) (*commitAndFinalizeBatchArgs, error) {
+	var args commitAndFinalizeBatchArgs
+	err := method.Inputs.Copy(&args, values)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &args, nil
+}
diff --git a/rollup/l1/abi_test.go b/rollup/l1/abi_test.go
index 59fcb21ae5..43533bd68e 100644
--- a/rollup/l1/abi_test.go
+++ b/rollup/l1/abi_test.go
@@ -18,6 +18,14 @@ func TestEventSignatures(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, crypto.Keccak256Hash([]byte("FinalizeBatch(uint256,bytes32,bytes32,bytes32)")), ScrollChainABI.Events[finalizeBatchEventName].ID)
 }
 
+func TestMethodSignatures(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.Equal(t, crypto.Keccak256Hash([]byte("commitBatch(uint8,bytes,bytes[],bytes)")).Bytes()[:4], ScrollChainABI.Methods[commitBatchMethodName].ID)
+	assert.Equal(t, crypto.Keccak256Hash([]byte("commitBatchWithBlobProof(uint8,bytes,bytes[],bytes,bytes)")).Bytes()[:4], ScrollChainABI.Methods[commitBatchWithBlobProofMethodName].ID)
+	assert.Equal(t, crypto.Keccak256Hash([]byte("commitBatches(uint8,bytes32,bytes32)")).Bytes()[:4], ScrollChainABI.Methods[commitBatchesV7MethodName].ID)
+	assert.Equal(t, crypto.Keccak256Hash([]byte("commitAndFinalizeBatch(uint8,bytes32,(bytes,uint256,bytes32,bytes32,bytes))")).Bytes()[:4], ScrollChainABI.Methods[commitAndFinalizeBatch].ID)
+	assert.Equal(t, crypto.Keccak256Hash([]byte("finalizeBundlePostEuclidV2(bytes,uint256,bytes32,bytes32,bytes)")).Bytes()[:4], ScrollChainABI.Methods[finalizeBundlePostEuclidV2MethodName].ID)
+}
+
 func TestUnpackLog(t *testing.T) {
 	mockBatchIndex := big.NewInt(123)
 	finishMockBatchIndex := big.NewInt(125)
diff --git a/rollup/l1/reader.go b/rollup/l1/reader.go
index 6c39621d91..e479b7dd9d 100644
--- a/rollup/l1/reader.go
+++ b/rollup/l1/reader.go
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"math/big"
 
+	"github.com/scroll-tech/da-codec/encoding"
+
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/accounts/abi"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/common"
@@ -21,6 +23,7 @@ const (
 	finalizeBatchEventName    = "FinalizeBatch"
 	nextUnfinalizedQueueIndex = "nextUnfinalizedQueueIndex"
 	lastFinalizedBatchIndex   = "lastFinalizedBatchIndex"
+	finalizedStateRoots       = "finalizedStateRoots"
 
 	defaultRollupEventsFetchBlockRange = 100
 )
@@ -70,7 +73,7 @@ func NewReader(ctx context.Context, config Config, l1Client Client) (*Reader, er
 	return &reader, nil
 }
 
-func (r *Reader) FinalizedL1MessageQueueIndex(blockNumber uint64) (uint64, error) {
+func (r *Reader) NextUnfinalizedL1MessageQueueIndex(blockNumber uint64) (uint64, error) {
 	data, err := r.l1MessageQueueABI.Pack(nextUnfinalizedQueueIndex)
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to pack %s: %w", nextUnfinalizedQueueIndex, err)
@@ -90,14 +93,10 @@ func (r *Reader) FinalizedL1MessageQueueIndex(blockNumber uint64) (uint64, error
 	}
 
 	next := parsedResult.Uint64()
-	if next == 0 {
-		return 0, nil
-	}
-
-	return next - 1, nil
+	return next, nil
 }
 
-func (r *Reader) LatestFinalizedBatch(blockNumber uint64) (uint64, error) {
+func (r *Reader) LatestFinalizedBatchIndex(blockNumber uint64) (uint64, error) {
 	data, err := r.scrollChainABI.Pack(lastFinalizedBatchIndex)
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to pack %s: %w", lastFinalizedBatchIndex, err)
@@ -119,6 +118,28 @@ func (r *Reader) LatestFinalizedBatch(blockNumber uint64) (uint64, error) {
 	return parsedResult.Uint64(), nil
 }
 
+func (r *Reader) GetFinalizedStateRootByBatchIndex(blockNumber uint64, batchIndex uint64) (common.Hash, error) {
+	data, err := r.scrollChainABI.Pack(finalizedStateRoots, big.NewInt(int64(batchIndex)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return common.Hash{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to pack %s: %w", finalizedStateRoots, err)
+	}
+
+	result, err := r.client.CallContract(r.ctx, ethereum.CallMsg{
+		To:   &r.config.ScrollChainAddress,
+		Data: data,
+	}, new(big.Int).SetUint64(blockNumber))
+	if err != nil {
+		return common.Hash{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to call %s: %w", finalizedStateRoots, err)
+	}
+
+	var parsedResult common.Hash
+	if err = r.scrollChainABI.UnpackIntoInterface(&parsedResult, finalizedStateRoots, result); err != nil {
+		return common.Hash{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to unpack result: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return parsedResult, nil
+}
+
 // GetLatestFinalizedBlockNumber fetches the block number of the latest finalized block from the L1 chain.
 func (r *Reader) GetLatestFinalizedBlockNumber() (uint64, error) {
 	header, err := r.client.HeaderByNumber(r.ctx, big.NewInt(int64(rpc.FinalizedBlockNumber)))
@@ -398,6 +419,28 @@ func (r *Reader) FetchCommitTxData(commitEvent *CommitBatchEvent) (*CommitBatchA
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to decode calldata into commitBatch args %s, values: %+v, err: %w", commitBatchesV7MethodName, values, err)
 		}
+	} else if method.Name == commitAndFinalizeBatch {
+		commitAndFinalizeArgs, err := newCommitAndFinalizeBatchArgs(method, values)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to decode calldata into commitAndFinalizeBatch args %s, values: %+v, err: %w", commitAndFinalizeBatch, values, err)
+		}
+
+		// in commitAndFinalizeBatch, the last batch hash is encoded in the finalize struct as this is the only batch we're
+		// committing when calling this function.
+		codec, err := encoding.CodecFromVersion(encoding.CodecVersion(commitAndFinalizeArgs.Version))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get codec from version %d, err: %w", commitAndFinalizeArgs.Version, err)
+		}
+		daBatch, err := codec.NewDABatchFromBytes(commitAndFinalizeArgs.FinalizeStruct.BatchHeader)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to decode daBatch from bytes, err: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		args = &CommitBatchArgs{
+			Version:         commitAndFinalizeArgs.Version,
+			ParentBatchHash: commitAndFinalizeArgs.ParentBatchHash,
+			LastBatchHash:   daBatch.Hash(),
+		}
 	} else {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown method name for commit transaction: %s", method.Name)
 	}
diff --git a/rollup/l2_system_config/abi.go b/rollup/l2_system_config/abi.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b30361f079
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rollup/l2_system_config/abi.go
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+package l2_system_config
+
+import (
+	"math/big"
+
+	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/accounts/abi"
+	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/accounts/abi/bind"
+	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/rollup/l1"
+)
+
+var (
+	l2SystemConfigABI *abi.ABI
+
+	baseFeeOverheadUpdatedEventName = "BaseFeeOverheadUpdated"
+	baseFeeScalarUpdatedEventName   = "BaseFeeScalarUpdated"
+
+	BaseFeeOverheadUpdatedTopic common.Hash
+	BaseFeeScalarUpdatedTopic   common.Hash
+)
+
+func init() {
+	l2SystemConfigABI, _ = l2SystemConfigMetaData.GetAbi()
+
+	BaseFeeOverheadUpdatedTopic = l2SystemConfigABI.Events[baseFeeOverheadUpdatedEventName].ID
+	BaseFeeScalarUpdatedTopic = l2SystemConfigABI.Events[baseFeeScalarUpdatedEventName].ID
+}
+
+var l2SystemConfigMetaData = &bind.MetaData{
+	ABI: "[{\"type\":\"event\",\"name\":\"BaseFeeOverheadUpdated\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"oldBaseFeeOverhead\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"indexed\":false,\"internalType\":\"uint256\"},{\"name\":\"newBaseFeeOverhead\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"indexed\":false,\"internalType\":\"uint256\"}],\"anonymous\":false},{\"type\":\"event\",\"name\":\"BaseFeeScalarUpdated\",\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"oldBaseFeeScalar\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"indexed\":false,\"internalType\":\"uint256\"},{\"name\":\"newBaseFeeScalar\",\"type\":\"uint256\",\"indexed\":false,\"internalType\":\"uint256\"}],\"anonymous\":false}]",
+}
+
+type BaseFeeOverheadUpdatedEventUnpacked struct {
+	OldBaseFeeOverhead *big.Int
+	NewBaseFeeOverhead *big.Int
+}
+
+type BaseFeeScalarUpdatedEventUnpacked struct {
+	OldBaseFeeScalar *big.Int
+	NewBaseFeeScalar *big.Int
+}
+
+func UnpackBaseFeeOverheadUpdatedEvent(log types.Log) (*BaseFeeOverheadUpdatedEventUnpacked, error) {
+	event := &BaseFeeOverheadUpdatedEventUnpacked{}
+	err := l1.UnpackLog(l2SystemConfigABI, event, baseFeeOverheadUpdatedEventName, log)
+	return event, err
+}
+
+func UnpackBaseFeeScalarUpdatedEvent(log types.Log) (*BaseFeeScalarUpdatedEventUnpacked, error) {
+	event := &BaseFeeScalarUpdatedEventUnpacked{}
+	err := l1.UnpackLog(l2SystemConfigABI, event, baseFeeScalarUpdatedEventName, log)
+	return event, err
+}
diff --git a/rollup/l2_system_config/abi_test.go b/rollup/l2_system_config/abi_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..db4059599b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rollup/l2_system_config/abi_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package l2_system_config
+
+import (
+	"math/big"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+
+	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/crypto"
+)
+
+func TestEventSignatures(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.Equal(t, crypto.Keccak256Hash([]byte("BaseFeeOverheadUpdated(uint256,uint256)")), BaseFeeOverheadUpdatedTopic)
+	assert.Equal(t, crypto.Keccak256Hash([]byte("BaseFeeScalarUpdated(uint256,uint256)")), BaseFeeScalarUpdatedTopic)
+}
+
+func bigToBytesPadded(num *big.Int) []byte {
+	return common.BigToHash(num).Bytes()
+}
+
+func TestUnpackBaseFeeOverheadUpdatedLog(t *testing.T) {
+	old := common.Big1
+	new := common.Big2
+
+	log := types.Log{
+		Topics: []common.Hash{BaseFeeOverheadUpdatedTopic},
+		Data:   append(bigToBytesPadded(old), bigToBytesPadded(new)...),
+	}
+
+	event, err := UnpackBaseFeeOverheadUpdatedEvent(log)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, common.Big1, event.OldBaseFeeOverhead)
+	assert.Equal(t, common.Big2, event.NewBaseFeeOverhead)
+}
+
+func TestUnpackBaseFeeScalarUpdatedLog(t *testing.T) {
+	old := common.Big32
+	new := common.Big256
+
+	log := types.Log{
+		Topics: []common.Hash{BaseFeeScalarUpdatedTopic},
+		Data:   append(bigToBytesPadded(old), bigToBytesPadded(new)...),
+	}
+
+	event, err := UnpackBaseFeeScalarUpdatedEvent(log)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, common.Big32, event.OldBaseFeeScalar)
+	assert.Equal(t, common.Big256, event.NewBaseFeeScalar)
+}
diff --git a/rollup/pipeline/pipeline.go b/rollup/pipeline/pipeline.go
index 77ac3aee24..90c6149b38 100644
--- a/rollup/pipeline/pipeline.go
+++ b/rollup/pipeline/pipeline.go
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ func sendCancellable[T any, C comparable](resCh chan T, msg T, cancelCh <-chan C
 }
 
 func (p *Pipeline) traceAndApplyStage(txsIn <-chan *types.Transaction) (<-chan error, <-chan *BlockCandidate, error) {
-	p.state.StartPrefetcher("miner", nil)
+	p.state.StartPrefetcher("miner")
 	downstreamCh := make(chan *BlockCandidate, p.downstreamChCapacity())
 	resCh := make(chan error)
 	p.wg.Add(1)
diff --git a/rollup/rcfg/config.go b/rollup/rcfg/config.go
index 8f7931b745..3bac185c83 100644
--- a/rollup/rcfg/config.go
+++ b/rollup/rcfg/config.go
@@ -49,3 +49,20 @@ var (
 	// cat artifacts/src/L1GasPriceOracle.sol/L1GasPriceOracle.json | jq -r .deployedBytecode.object
 	CurieL1GasPriceOracleBytecode = common.Hex2Bytes("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")
 )
+
+// L2SystemConfig constants.
+var (
+	// > forge inspect src/L2/L2SystemConfig.sol:L2SystemConfig storageLayout
+	// ╭-----------------+-------------+------+--------+-------+------------------------------------------╮
+	// | Name            | Type        | Slot | Offset | Bytes | Contract                                 |
+	// +==================================================================================================+
+	// ...
+	// |-----------------+-------------+------+--------+-------+------------------------------------------|
+	// | baseFeeOverhead | uint256     | 101  | 0      | 32    | src/L2/L2SystemConfig.sol:L2SystemConfig |
+	// |-----------------+-------------+------+--------+-------+------------------------------------------|
+	// | baseFeeScalar   | uint256     | 102  | 0      | 32    | src/L2/L2SystemConfig.sol:L2SystemConfig |
+	// ╰-----------------+-------------+------+--------+-------+------------------------------------------╯
+
+	L2BaseFeeOverheadSlot = common.BigToHash(big.NewInt(101))
+	L2BaseFeeScalarSlot   = common.BigToHash(big.NewInt(102))
+)
diff --git a/rollup/rollup_sync_service/rollup_sync_service.go b/rollup/rollup_sync_service/rollup_sync_service.go
index c0d79d8339..8aba65a1d4 100644
--- a/rollup/rollup_sync_service/rollup_sync_service.go
+++ b/rollup/rollup_sync_service/rollup_sync_service.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
+	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/log"
+	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/metrics"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/node"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/rollup/da_syncer"
@@ -40,6 +42,15 @@ const (
 
 	// defaultLogInterval is the frequency at which we print the latest processed block.
 	defaultLogInterval = 5 * time.Minute
+
+	// rewindL1Height is the number of blocks to rewind the L1 sync height when a missing batch event is detected.
+	rewindL1Height = 100
+)
+
+var (
+	finalizedBlockGauge      = metrics.NewRegisteredGauge("chain/head/finalized", nil)
+	ErrShouldResetSyncHeight = errors.New("ErrShouldResetSyncHeight")
+	ErrMissingBatchEvent     = errors.New("ErrMissingBatchEvent")
 )
 
 // RollupSyncService collects ScrollChain batch commit/revert/finalize events and stores metadata into db.
@@ -132,6 +143,11 @@ func (s *RollupSyncService) Start() {
 
 	log.Info("Starting rollup event sync background service", "latest processed block", s.callDataBlobSource.L1Height())
 
+	finalizedBlockHeightPtr := rawdb.ReadFinalizedL2BlockNumber(s.db)
+	if finalizedBlockHeightPtr != nil {
+		finalizedBlockGauge.Update(int64(*finalizedBlockHeightPtr))
+	}
+
 	go func() {
 		syncTicker := time.NewTicker(defaultSyncInterval)
 		defer syncTicker.Stop()
@@ -205,6 +221,28 @@ func (s *RollupSyncService) fetchRollupEvents() error {
 		}
 
 		if err = s.updateRollupEvents(daEntries); err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, ErrShouldResetSyncHeight) {
+				log.Warn("Resetting sync height to L1 block 7892668 to fix L1 message queue hash calculation")
+				s.callDataBlobSource.SetL1Height(7892668)
+
+				return nil
+			}
+			if errors.Is(err, ErrMissingBatchEvent) {
+				// make sure no underflow
+				var rewindTo uint64
+				if prevL1Height > rewindL1Height {
+					rewindTo = prevL1Height - rewindL1Height
+				}
+
+				// If there's a missing batch event, rewind the L1 sync height by some blocks to re-fetch from L1 RPC and
+				// replay creating corresponding CommittedBatchMeta in local DB.
+				// This happens recursively until the missing event has been recovered as we will call fetchRollupEvents again
+				// with the `L1Height = prevL1Height - rewindL1Height`.
+				s.callDataBlobSource.SetL1Height(rewindTo)
+
+				return fmt.Errorf("missing batch event, rewinding L1 sync height by %d blocks to %d: %w", rewindL1Height, rewindTo, err)
+			}
+
 			// Reset the L1 height to the previous value to retry fetching the same data.
 			s.callDataBlobSource.SetL1Height(prevL1Height)
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse and update rollup event logs: %w", err)
@@ -279,12 +317,18 @@ func (s *RollupSyncService) updateRollupEvents(daEntries da.Entries) error {
 				var err error
 				if index > 0 {
 					if parentCommittedBatchMeta, err = rawdb.ReadCommittedBatchMeta(s.db, index-1); err != nil {
-						return fmt.Errorf("failed to read parent committed batch meta, batch index: %v, err: %w", index-1, err)
+						return fmt.Errorf("failed to read parent committed batch meta, batch index: %v, err: %w", index-1, errors.Join(ErrMissingBatchEvent, err))
+					}
+					if parentCommittedBatchMeta == nil {
+						return fmt.Errorf("parent committed batch meta = nil, batch index: %v, err: %w", index-1, ErrMissingBatchEvent)
 					}
 				}
 				committedBatchMeta, err := rawdb.ReadCommittedBatchMeta(s.db, index)
 				if err != nil {
-					return fmt.Errorf("failed to read committed batch meta, batch index: %v, err: %w", index, err)
+					return fmt.Errorf("failed to read committed batch meta, batch index: %v, err: %w", index, errors.Join(ErrMissingBatchEvent, err))
+				}
+				if committedBatchMeta == nil {
+					return fmt.Errorf("committed batch meta = nil, batch index: %v, err: %w", index, ErrMissingBatchEvent)
 				}
 
 				chunks, err := s.getLocalChunksForBatch(committedBatchMeta.ChunkBlockRanges)
@@ -312,6 +356,7 @@ func (s *RollupSyncService) updateRollupEvents(daEntries da.Entries) error {
 				return fmt.Errorf("failed to batch write finalized batch meta to database: %w", err)
 			}
 			rawdb.WriteFinalizedL2BlockNumber(s.db, highestFinalizedBlockNumber)
+			finalizedBlockGauge.Update(int64(highestFinalizedBlockNumber))
 			rawdb.WriteLastFinalizedBatchIndex(s.db, batchIndex)
 			log.Debug("write finalized l2 block number", "batch index", batchIndex, "finalized l2 block height", highestFinalizedBlockNumber)
 
@@ -385,16 +430,20 @@ func (s *RollupSyncService) getLocalChunksForBatch(chunkBlockRanges []*rawdb.Chu
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get block by number: %v", i)
 			}
 			txData := encoding.TxsToTxsData(block.Transactions())
-			state, err := s.bc.StateAt(block.Root())
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get block state, block: %v, err: %w", block.Hash().Hex(), err)
-			}
-			withdrawRoot := withdrawtrie.ReadWTRSlot(rcfg.L2MessageQueueAddress, state)
 			chunks[i].Blocks[j-cr.StartBlockNumber] = &encoding.Block{
 				Header:       block.Header(),
 				Transactions: txData,
-				WithdrawRoot: withdrawRoot,
 			}
+
+			// read withdraw root, if available
+			// note: historical state is not available on full nodes
+			state, err := s.bc.StateAt(block.Root())
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Trace("State is not available, skipping withdraw trie validation", "blockNumber", block.NumberU64(), "blockHash", block.Hash().Hex(), "err", err)
+				continue
+			}
+			withdrawRoot := withdrawtrie.ReadWTRSlot(rcfg.L2MessageQueueAddress, state)
+			chunks[i].Blocks[j-cr.StartBlockNumber].WithdrawRoot = withdrawRoot
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -424,7 +473,10 @@ func (s *RollupSyncService) getCommittedBatchMeta(commitedBatch da.EntryWithBloc
 	if commitedBatch.Version() == encoding.CodecV7 {
 		parentCommittedBatchMeta, err := rawdb.ReadCommittedBatchMeta(s.db, commitedBatch.BatchIndex()-1)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read parent committed batch meta, batch index: %v, err: %w", commitedBatch.BatchIndex()-1, err)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read parent committed batch meta, batch index: %v, err: %w", commitedBatch.BatchIndex()-1, errors.Join(ErrMissingBatchEvent, err))
+		}
+		if parentCommittedBatchMeta == nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("parent committed batch meta = nil, batch index: %v, err: %w", commitedBatch.BatchIndex()-1, ErrMissingBatchEvent)
 		}
 
 		// If parent batch has a lower version this means this is the first batch of CodecV7.
@@ -535,6 +587,16 @@ func validateBatch(batchIndex uint64, event *l1.FinalizeBatchEvent, parentFinali
 
 	daBatch, err := codec.NewDABatch(batch)
 	if err != nil {
+		// This is hotfix for the L1 message hash mismatch issue which lead to wrong committedBatchMeta.PostL1MessageQueueHash hashes.
+		// These in turn lead to a wrongly computed batch hash locally. This happened after upgrading to EuclidV2
+		// where da-codec was not updated to the latest version in l2geth.
+		// If the error message due to mismatching PostL1MessageQueueHash contains the same hash as the hardcoded one,
+		// this means the node ran into this issue.
+		// We need to reset the sync height to 1 block before the L1 block in which the last batch in CodecV6 was committed.
+		// The node will overwrite the wrongly computed message queue hashes.
+		if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "0xaa16faf2a1685fe1d7e0f2810b1a0e98c2841aef96596d10456a6d0f00000000") {
+			return 0, nil, ErrShouldResetSyncHeight
+		}
 		return 0, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create DA batch, batch index: %v, codec version: %v, err: %w", batchIndex, codecVersion, err)
 	}
 	localBatchHash := daBatch.Hash()
@@ -555,7 +617,9 @@ func validateBatch(batchIndex uint64, event *l1.FinalizeBatchEvent, parentFinali
 			os.Exit(1)
 		}
 
-		if localWithdrawRoot != event.WithdrawRoot() {
+		// note: this check is optional,
+		// withdraw root correctness is already implied by state root correctness.
+		if localWithdrawRoot != (common.Hash{}) && localWithdrawRoot != event.WithdrawRoot() {
 			log.Error("Withdraw root mismatch", "batch index", event.BatchIndex().Uint64(), "start block", startBlock.Header.Number.Uint64(), "end block", endBlock.Header.Number.Uint64(), "parent batch hash", parentFinalizedBatchMeta.BatchHash.Hex(), "l1 finalized withdraw root", event.WithdrawRoot().Hex(), "l2 withdraw root", localWithdrawRoot.Hex())
 			stack.Close()
 			os.Exit(1)
@@ -584,7 +648,7 @@ func validateBatch(batchIndex uint64, event *l1.FinalizeBatchEvent, parentFinali
 		BatchHash:            localBatchHash,
 		TotalL1MessagePopped: totalL1MessagePopped,
 		StateRoot:            localStateRoot,
-		WithdrawRoot:         localWithdrawRoot,
+		WithdrawRoot:         event.WithdrawRoot(),
 	}
 	return endBlock.Header.Number.Uint64(), finalizedBatchMeta, nil
 }
diff --git a/rollup/sync_service/sync_service.go b/rollup/sync_service/sync_service.go
index 65743b5e7e..a8edba793b 100644
--- a/rollup/sync_service/sync_service.go
+++ b/rollup/sync_service/sync_service.go
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package sync_service
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"reflect"
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/metrics"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/node"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/params"
+	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/rlp"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -272,19 +274,43 @@ func (s *SyncService) fetchMessages() {
 
 		if len(msgs) > 0 {
 			log.Debug("Received new L1 events", "fromBlock", from, "toBlock", to, "count", len(msgs))
-			rawdb.WriteL1Messages(batchWriter, msgs) // collect messages in memory
-			numMsgsCollected += len(msgs)
 		}
 
 		for _, msg := range msgs {
 			if msg.QueueIndex > 0 {
 				queueIndex++
 			}
+
 			// check if received queue index matches expected queue index
-			if msg.QueueIndex != queueIndex {
+			if msg.QueueIndex > queueIndex {
 				log.Error("Unexpected queue index in SyncService", "expected", queueIndex, "got", msg.QueueIndex, "msg", msg)
 				return // do not flush inconsistent data to disk
 			}
+
+			// compare with stored message in database, abort if not equal, ignore if already exists
+			if msg.QueueIndex < queueIndex {
+				log.Warn("Duplicate queue index in SyncService", "expected", queueIndex, "got", msg.QueueIndex)
+
+				receivedMsgBytes, err := rlp.EncodeToBytes(msg)
+				if err != nil {
+					log.Error("Failed to encode message", "err", err)
+					return
+				}
+				storedMsgBytes := rawdb.ReadL1MessageRLP(s.db, msg.QueueIndex)
+				if !bytes.Equal(storedMsgBytes, receivedMsgBytes) {
+					storedL1Message := rawdb.ReadL1Message(s.db, msg.QueueIndex)
+					log.Error("Stored message at same queue index does not match received message", "queueIndex", msg.QueueIndex, "expected", storedL1Message, "got", msg)
+					return
+				}
+
+				// already exists, ignore
+				queueIndex--
+				continue
+			}
+
+			// store message to database (collected in memory and flushed periodically)
+			rawdb.WriteL1Message(batchWriter, msg)
+			numMsgsCollected++
 		}
 
 		numBlocksPendingDbWrite += to - from + 1