diff --git a/cmd/devp2p/internal/ethtest/snap.go b/cmd/devp2p/internal/ethtest/snap.go
index 9c1efa0e8e..67c354c527 100644
--- a/cmd/devp2p/internal/ethtest/snap.go
+++ b/cmd/devp2p/internal/ethtest/snap.go
@@ -800,7 +800,7 @@ func (s *Suite) snapGetAccountRange(t *utesting.T, tc *accRangeTest) error {
 	// Reconstruct a partial trie from the response and verify it
 	keys := make([][]byte, len(hashes))
 	for i, key := range hashes {
-		keys[i] = common.CopyBytes(key[:])
+		keys[i] = bytes.Clone(key[:])
 	}
 	nodes := make(trienode.ProofList, len(proof))
 	for i, node := range proof {
diff --git a/cmd/evm/eofparse_test.go b/cmd/evm/eofparse_test.go
index a9119916a5..061af86e71 100644
--- a/cmd/evm/eofparse_test.go
+++ b/cmd/evm/eofparse_test.go
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
 )
 
@@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ func FuzzEofParsing(f *testing.F) {
 			jt = vm.NewEOFInstructionSetForTesting()
 			c  vm.Container
 		)
-		cpy := common.CopyBytes(data)
+		cpy := bytes.Clone(data)
 		if err := c.UnmarshalBinary(data, true); err == nil {
 			c.ValidateCode(&jt, true)
 			if have := c.MarshalBinary(); !bytes.Equal(have, data) {
diff --git a/cmd/utils/cmd.go b/cmd/utils/cmd.go
index d91d6ca5a8..1ea1c387ad 100644
--- a/cmd/utils/cmd.go
+++ b/cmd/utils/cmd.go
@@ -526,7 +526,7 @@ func ImportPreimages(db ethdb.Database, fn string) error {
 			return err
 		}
 		// Accumulate the preimages and flush when enough ws gathered
-		preimages[crypto.Keccak256Hash(blob)] = common.CopyBytes(blob)
+		preimages[crypto.Keccak256Hash(blob)] = bytes.Clone(blob)
 		if len(preimages) > 1024 {
 			rawdb.WritePreimages(db, preimages)
 			preimages = make(map[common.Hash][]byte)
diff --git a/common/bytes.go b/common/bytes.go
index d1f5c6c995..bcb40c6e59 100644
--- a/common/bytes.go
+++ b/common/bytes.go
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ func FromHex(s string) []byte {
 }
 
 // CopyBytes returns an exact copy of the provided bytes.
+// Deprecated: use bytes.Clone instead.
 func CopyBytes(b []byte) (copiedBytes []byte) {
 	if b == nil {
 		return nil
diff --git a/core/chain_makers.go b/core/chain_makers.go
index 7a258dc05f..cdef199669 100644
--- a/core/chain_makers.go
+++ b/core/chain_makers.go
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package core
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
 	"math/big"
 
@@ -378,7 +379,7 @@ func GenerateChain(config *params.ChainConfig, parent *types.Block, engine conse
 			limit := new(big.Int).Add(daoBlock, params.DAOForkExtraRange)
 			if b.header.Number.Cmp(daoBlock) >= 0 && b.header.Number.Cmp(limit) < 0 {
 				if config.DAOForkSupport {
-					b.header.Extra = common.CopyBytes(params.DAOForkBlockExtra)
+					b.header.Extra = bytes.Clone(params.DAOForkBlockExtra)
 				}
 			}
 		}
diff --git a/core/rawdb/freezer_memory.go b/core/rawdb/freezer_memory.go
index 4274546de5..5fc94d62cb 100644
--- a/core/rawdb/freezer_memory.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/freezer_memory.go
@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@
 package rawdb
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
 	"sync"
 
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ func (b *memoryBatch) AppendRaw(kind string, number uint64, blob []byte) error {
 	if b.next[kind] != number {
 		return errOutOrderInsertion
 	}
-	b.data[kind] = append(b.data[kind], common.CopyBytes(blob))
+	b.data[kind] = append(b.data[kind], bytes.Clone(blob))
 	b.next[kind]++
 	b.size[kind] += int64(len(blob))
 	return nil
diff --git a/core/state/snapshot/conversion.go b/core/state/snapshot/conversion.go
index 4b0774f2ae..5004c410b1 100644
--- a/core/state/snapshot/conversion.go
+++ b/core/state/snapshot/conversion.go
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package snapshot
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"encoding/binary"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
@@ -325,7 +326,7 @@ func generateTrieRoot(db ethdb.KeyValueWriter, scheme string, it Iterator, accou
 			}
 			leaf = trieKV{it.Hash(), fullData}
 		} else {
-			leaf = trieKV{it.Hash(), common.CopyBytes(it.(StorageIterator).Slot())}
+			leaf = trieKV{it.Hash(), bytes.Clone(it.(StorageIterator).Slot())}
 		}
 		in <- leaf
 
diff --git a/core/state/snapshot/generate.go b/core/state/snapshot/generate.go
index 01fb55ea4c..fcdb22d5c3 100644
--- a/core/state/snapshot/generate.go
+++ b/core/state/snapshot/generate.go
@@ -191,10 +191,10 @@ func (dl *diskLayer) proveRange(ctx *generatorContext, trieId *trie.ID, prefix [
 			diskMore = true
 			break
 		}
-		keys = append(keys, common.CopyBytes(key[len(prefix):]))
+		keys = append(keys, bytes.Clone(key[len(prefix):]))
 
 		if valueConvertFn == nil {
-			vals = append(vals, common.CopyBytes(iter.Value()))
+			vals = append(vals, bytes.Clone(iter.Value()))
 		} else {
 			val, err := valueConvertFn(iter.Value())
 			if err != nil {
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ func (dl *diskLayer) proveRange(ctx *generatorContext, trieId *trie.ID, prefix [
 				//
 				// Here append the original value to ensure that the number of key and
 				// value are aligned.
-				vals = append(vals, common.CopyBytes(iter.Value()))
+				vals = append(vals, bytes.Clone(iter.Value()))
 				log.Error("Failed to convert account state data", "err", err)
 			} else {
 				vals = append(vals, val)
@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ func generateStorages(ctx *generatorContext, dl *diskLayer, stateRoot common.Has
 		return nil
 	}
 	// Loop for re-generating the missing storage slots.
-	var origin = common.CopyBytes(storeMarker)
+	var origin = bytes.Clone(storeMarker)
 	for {
 		id := trie.StorageTrieID(stateRoot, account, storageRoot)
 		exhausted, last, err := dl.generateRange(ctx, id, append(rawdb.SnapshotStoragePrefix, account.Bytes()...), snapStorage, origin, storageCheckRange, onStorage, nil)
@@ -624,7 +624,7 @@ func generateAccounts(ctx *generatorContext, dl *diskLayer, accMarker []byte) er
 		accMarker = nil
 		return nil
 	}
-	origin := common.CopyBytes(accMarker)
+	origin := bytes.Clone(accMarker)
 	for {
 		id := trie.StateTrieID(dl.root)
 		exhausted, last, err := dl.generateRange(ctx, id, rawdb.SnapshotAccountPrefix, snapAccount, origin, accountCheckRange, onAccount, types.FullAccountRLP)
diff --git a/core/state/snapshot/holdable_iterator.go b/core/state/snapshot/holdable_iterator.go
index 1e86ff9d82..6dfc137397 100644
--- a/core/state/snapshot/holdable_iterator.go
+++ b/core/state/snapshot/holdable_iterator.go
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@
 package snapshot
 
 import (
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"bytes"
+
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 )
 
@@ -42,8 +43,8 @@ func (it *holdableIterator) Hold() {
 	if it.it.Key() == nil {
 		return // nothing to hold
 	}
-	it.key = common.CopyBytes(it.it.Key())
-	it.val = common.CopyBytes(it.it.Value())
+	it.key = bytes.Clone(it.it.Key())
+	it.val = bytes.Clone(it.it.Value())
 	it.atHeld = false
 }
 
diff --git a/core/state/snapshot/iterator_test.go b/core/state/snapshot/iterator_test.go
index 2e882f484e..6f62bc3c8b 100644
--- a/core/state/snapshot/iterator_test.go
+++ b/core/state/snapshot/iterator_test.go
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ func TestStorageIteratorBasics(t *testing.T) {
 		for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
 			crand.Read(value)
 			if rand.Intn(2) == 0 {
-				accStorage[randomHash()] = common.CopyBytes(value)
+				accStorage[randomHash()] = bytes.Clone(value)
 			} else {
 				accStorage[randomHash()] = nil // delete slot
 				nilstorage += 1
diff --git a/core/state/snapshot/utils.go b/core/state/snapshot/utils.go
index c35c82f67a..c8ca00fcfc 100644
--- a/core/state/snapshot/utils.go
+++ b/core/state/snapshot/utils.go
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ func checkDanglingDiskStorage(chaindb ethdb.KeyValueStore) error {
 			// No need to look up for every slot
 			continue
 		}
-		lastKey = common.CopyBytes(accKey)
+		lastKey = bytes.Clone(accKey)
 		if time.Since(lastReport) > time.Second*8 {
 			log.Info("Iterating snap storage", "at", fmt.Sprintf("%#x", accKey), "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)))
 			lastReport = time.Now()
diff --git a/core/state/statedb.go b/core/state/statedb.go
index e3f5b9e1a0..a7855b88fc 100644
--- a/core/state/statedb.go
+++ b/core/state/statedb.go
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 package state
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"maps"
@@ -949,7 +950,7 @@ func (s *StateDB) fastDeleteStorage(snaps *snapshot.Tree, addrHash common.Hash,
 		nodes.AddNode(path, trienode.NewDeleted())
 	})
 	for iter.Next() {
-		slot := common.CopyBytes(iter.Slot())
+		slot := bytes.Clone(iter.Slot())
 		if err := iter.Error(); err != nil { // error might occur after Slot function
 			return nil, nil, nil, err
 		}
@@ -991,7 +992,7 @@ func (s *StateDB) slowDeleteStorage(addr common.Address, addrHash common.Hash, r
 		if it.Leaf() {
 			key := common.BytesToHash(it.LeafKey())
 			storages[key] = nil
-			storageOrigins[key] = common.CopyBytes(it.LeafBlob())
+			storageOrigins[key] = bytes.Clone(it.LeafBlob())
 			continue
 		}
 		if it.Hash() == (common.Hash{}) {
diff --git a/core/state/sync_test.go b/core/state/sync_test.go
index 5c8b5a90f7..be51315867 100644
--- a/core/state/sync_test.go
+++ b/core/state/sync_test.go
@@ -766,7 +766,7 @@ func copyPreimages(srcDb, dstDb ethdb.Database) {
 	preimages := make(map[common.Hash][]byte)
 	for it.Next() {
 		hash := it.Key()[len(rawdb.PreimagePrefix):]
-		preimages[common.BytesToHash(hash)] = common.CopyBytes(it.Value())
+		preimages[common.BytesToHash(hash)] = bytes.Clone(it.Value())
 	}
 	rawdb.WritePreimages(dstDb, preimages)
 }
diff --git a/core/state_transition.go b/core/state_transition.go
index 0f9ee9eea5..a8d4a0f2f6 100644
--- a/core/state_transition.go
+++ b/core/state_transition.go
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ func (result *ExecutionResult) Return() []byte {
 	if result.Err != nil {
 		return nil
 	}
-	return common.CopyBytes(result.ReturnData)
+	return bytes.Clone(result.ReturnData)
 }
 
 // Revert returns the concrete revert reason if the execution is aborted by `REVERT`
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ func (result *ExecutionResult) Revert() []byte {
 	if result.Err != vm.ErrExecutionReverted {
 		return nil
 	}
-	return common.CopyBytes(result.ReturnData)
+	return bytes.Clone(result.ReturnData)
 }
 
 // IntrinsicGas computes the 'intrinsic gas' for a message with the given data.
diff --git a/core/types/block.go b/core/types/block.go
index b284fb3b16..04ae5a66d2 100644
--- a/core/types/block.go
+++ b/core/types/block.go
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 package types
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"crypto/sha256"
 	"encoding/binary"
 	"fmt"
@@ -399,7 +400,7 @@ func (b *Block) ParentHash() common.Hash  { return b.header.ParentHash }
 func (b *Block) TxHash() common.Hash      { return b.header.TxHash }
 func (b *Block) ReceiptHash() common.Hash { return b.header.ReceiptHash }
 func (b *Block) UncleHash() common.Hash   { return b.header.UncleHash }
-func (b *Block) Extra() []byte            { return common.CopyBytes(b.header.Extra) }
+func (b *Block) Extra() []byte            { return bytes.Clone(b.header.Extra) }
 
 func (b *Block) BaseFee() *big.Int {
 	if b.header.BaseFee == nil {
diff --git a/core/types/hashing.go b/core/types/hashing.go
index 224d7a87ea..e6efa3cf04 100644
--- a/core/types/hashing.go
+++ b/core/types/hashing.go
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ func encodeForDerive(list DerivableList, i int, buf *bytes.Buffer) []byte {
 	// It's really unfortunate that we need to perform this copy.
 	// StackTrie holds onto the values until Hash is called, so the values
 	// written to it must not alias.
-	return common.CopyBytes(buf.Bytes())
+	return bytes.Clone(buf.Bytes())
 }
 
 // DeriveSha creates the tree hashes of transactions, receipts, and withdrawals in a block header.
diff --git a/core/types/receipt.go b/core/types/receipt.go
index e52a0c6477..288c6e1f7f 100644
--- a/core/types/receipt.go
+++ b/core/types/receipt.go
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ type storedReceiptRLP struct {
 func NewReceipt(root []byte, failed bool, cumulativeGasUsed uint64) *Receipt {
 	r := &Receipt{
 		Type:              LegacyTxType,
-		PostState:         common.CopyBytes(root),
+		PostState:         bytes.Clone(root),
 		CumulativeGasUsed: cumulativeGasUsed,
 	}
 	if failed {
diff --git a/core/types/state_account.go b/core/types/state_account.go
index 52ef843b35..38f652ef41 100644
--- a/core/types/state_account.go
+++ b/core/types/state_account.go
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ func (acct *StateAccount) Copy() *StateAccount {
 		Nonce:    acct.Nonce,
 		Balance:  balance,
 		Root:     acct.Root,
-		CodeHash: common.CopyBytes(acct.CodeHash),
+		CodeHash: bytes.Clone(acct.CodeHash),
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/core/types/tx_access_list.go b/core/types/tx_access_list.go
index 915de9a8ab..863ba14856 100644
--- a/core/types/tx_access_list.go
+++ b/core/types/tx_access_list.go
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ func (tx *AccessListTx) copy() TxData {
 	cpy := &AccessListTx{
 		Nonce: tx.Nonce,
 		To:    copyAddressPtr(tx.To),
-		Data:  common.CopyBytes(tx.Data),
+		Data:  bytes.Clone(tx.Data),
 		Gas:   tx.Gas,
 		// These are copied below.
 		AccessList: make(AccessList, len(tx.AccessList)),
diff --git a/core/types/tx_blob.go b/core/types/tx_blob.go
index 9b1d53958f..2c9fae127a 100644
--- a/core/types/tx_blob.go
+++ b/core/types/tx_blob.go
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ func (tx *BlobTx) copy() TxData {
 	cpy := &BlobTx{
 		Nonce: tx.Nonce,
 		To:    tx.To,
-		Data:  common.CopyBytes(tx.Data),
+		Data:  bytes.Clone(tx.Data),
 		Gas:   tx.Gas,
 		// These are copied below.
 		AccessList: make(AccessList, len(tx.AccessList)),
diff --git a/core/types/tx_dynamic_fee.go b/core/types/tx_dynamic_fee.go
index bba81464f8..706ef7f432 100644
--- a/core/types/tx_dynamic_fee.go
+++ b/core/types/tx_dynamic_fee.go
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ func (tx *DynamicFeeTx) copy() TxData {
 	cpy := &DynamicFeeTx{
 		Nonce: tx.Nonce,
 		To:    copyAddressPtr(tx.To),
-		Data:  common.CopyBytes(tx.Data),
+		Data:  bytes.Clone(tx.Data),
 		Gas:   tx.Gas,
 		// These are copied below.
 		AccessList: make(AccessList, len(tx.AccessList)),
diff --git a/core/types/tx_legacy.go b/core/types/tx_legacy.go
index 49f0a98809..dcd631e402 100644
--- a/core/types/tx_legacy.go
+++ b/core/types/tx_legacy.go
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ func (tx *LegacyTx) copy() TxData {
 	cpy := &LegacyTx{
 		Nonce: tx.Nonce,
 		To:    copyAddressPtr(tx.To),
-		Data:  common.CopyBytes(tx.Data),
+		Data:  bytes.Clone(tx.Data),
 		Gas:   tx.Gas,
 		// These are initialized below.
 		Value:    new(big.Int),
diff --git a/core/types/tx_setcode.go b/core/types/tx_setcode.go
index b8e38ef1f7..6ae816e82c 100644
--- a/core/types/tx_setcode.go
+++ b/core/types/tx_setcode.go
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ func (tx *SetCodeTx) copy() TxData {
 	cpy := &SetCodeTx{
 		Nonce: tx.Nonce,
 		To:    tx.To,
-		Data:  common.CopyBytes(tx.Data),
+		Data:  bytes.Clone(tx.Data),
 		Gas:   tx.Gas,
 		// These are copied below.
 		AccessList: make(AccessList, len(tx.AccessList)),
diff --git a/core/vm/contracts.go b/core/vm/contracts.go
index 06849e65ad..f3634a89c0 100644
--- a/core/vm/contracts.go
+++ b/core/vm/contracts.go
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package vm
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"crypto/sha256"
 	"encoding/binary"
 	"errors"
@@ -311,7 +312,7 @@ func (c *dataCopy) RequiredGas(input []byte) uint64 {
 	return uint64(len(input)+31)/32*params.IdentityPerWordGas + params.IdentityBaseGas
 }
 func (c *dataCopy) Run(in []byte) ([]byte, error) {
-	return common.CopyBytes(in), nil
+	return bytes.Clone(in), nil
 }
 
 // bigModExp implements a native big integer exponential modular operation.
diff --git a/crypto/signature_test.go b/crypto/signature_test.go
index 74d683b507..22d6ca1c32 100644
--- a/crypto/signature_test.go
+++ b/crypto/signature_test.go
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ import (
 	"reflect"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/math"
 )
@@ -62,13 +61,13 @@ func TestVerifySignature(t *testing.T) {
 	if VerifySignature(testpubkey, testmsg, nil) {
 		t.Errorf("nil signature valid")
 	}
-	if VerifySignature(testpubkey, testmsg, append(common.CopyBytes(sig), 1, 2, 3)) {
+	if VerifySignature(testpubkey, testmsg, append(bytes.Clone(sig), 1, 2, 3)) {
 		t.Errorf("signature valid with extra bytes at the end")
 	}
 	if VerifySignature(testpubkey, testmsg, sig[:len(sig)-2]) {
 		t.Errorf("signature valid even though it's incomplete")
 	}
-	wrongkey := common.CopyBytes(testpubkey)
+	wrongkey := bytes.Clone(testpubkey)
 	wrongkey[10]++
 	if VerifySignature(wrongkey, testmsg, sig) {
 		t.Errorf("signature valid with wrong public key")
@@ -99,7 +98,7 @@ func TestDecompressPubkey(t *testing.T) {
 	if _, err := DecompressPubkey(testpubkeyc[:5]); err == nil {
 		t.Errorf("no error for incomplete pubkey")
 	}
-	if _, err := DecompressPubkey(append(common.CopyBytes(testpubkeyc), 1, 2, 3)); err == nil {
+	if _, err := DecompressPubkey(append(bytes.Clone(testpubkeyc), 1, 2, 3)); err == nil {
 		t.Errorf("no error for pubkey with extra bytes at the end")
 	}
 }
diff --git a/eth/protocols/snap/handler.go b/eth/protocols/snap/handler.go
index 924aff7ac9..3984ffa7bb 100644
--- a/eth/protocols/snap/handler.go
+++ b/eth/protocols/snap/handler.go
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ func ServiceGetAccountRangeQuery(chain *core.BlockChain, req *GetAccountRangePac
 		last     common.Hash
 	)
 	for it.Next() {
-		hash, account := it.Hash(), common.CopyBytes(it.Account())
+		hash, account := it.Hash(), bytes.Clone(it.Account())
 
 		// Track the returned interval for the Merkle proofs
 		last = hash
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ func ServiceGetStorageRangesQuery(chain *core.BlockChain, req *GetStorageRangesP
 				abort = true
 				break
 			}
-			hash, slot := it.Hash(), common.CopyBytes(it.Slot())
+			hash, slot := it.Hash(), bytes.Clone(it.Slot())
 
 			// Track the returned interval for the Merkle proofs
 			last = hash
diff --git a/eth/protocols/snap/sync.go b/eth/protocols/snap/sync.go
index 9e079f540f..01898595b6 100644
--- a/eth/protocols/snap/sync.go
+++ b/eth/protocols/snap/sync.go
@@ -2546,7 +2546,7 @@ func (s *Syncer) OnAccounts(peer SyncPeer, id uint64, hashes []common.Hash, acco
 	// Reconstruct a partial trie from the response and verify it
 	keys := make([][]byte, len(hashes))
 	for i, key := range hashes {
-		keys[i] = common.CopyBytes(key[:])
+		keys[i] = bytes.Clone(key[:])
 	}
 	nodes := make(trienode.ProofList, len(proof))
 	for i, node := range proof {
@@ -2792,7 +2792,7 @@ func (s *Syncer) OnStorage(peer SyncPeer, id uint64, hashes [][]common.Hash, slo
 		// Convert the keys and proofs into an internal format
 		keys := make([][]byte, len(hashes[i]))
 		for j, key := range hashes[i] {
-			keys[j] = common.CopyBytes(key[:])
+			keys[j] = bytes.Clone(key[:])
 		}
 		nodes := make(trienode.ProofList, 0, len(proof))
 		if i == len(hashes)-1 {
diff --git a/eth/protocols/snap/sync_test.go b/eth/protocols/snap/sync_test.go
index d318077d99..a2cb631179 100644
--- a/eth/protocols/snap/sync_test.go
+++ b/eth/protocols/snap/sync_test.go
@@ -1475,7 +1475,7 @@ var (
 // getCodeHash returns a pseudo-random code hash
 func getCodeHash(i uint64) []byte {
 	h := codehashes[int(i)%len(codehashes)]
-	return common.CopyBytes(h[:])
+	return bytes.Clone(h[:])
 }
 
 // getCodeByHash convenience function to lookup the code from the code hash
diff --git a/eth/tracers/js/goja.go b/eth/tracers/js/goja.go
index 227ea57226..d5b37ee214 100644
--- a/eth/tracers/js/goja.go
+++ b/eth/tracers/js/goja.go
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package js
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
@@ -397,7 +398,7 @@ func (t *jsTracer) OnEnter(depth int, typ byte, from common.Address, to common.A
 	t.frame.typ = vm.OpCode(typ).String()
 	t.frame.from = from
 	t.frame.to = to
-	t.frame.input = common.CopyBytes(input)
+	t.frame.input = bytes.Clone(input)
 	t.frame.gas = uint(gas)
 	t.frame.value = nil
 	if value != nil {
@@ -424,7 +425,7 @@ func (t *jsTracer) OnExit(depth int, output []byte, gasUsed uint64, err error, r
 	}
 
 	t.frameResult.gasUsed = uint(gasUsed)
-	t.frameResult.output = common.CopyBytes(output)
+	t.frameResult.output = bytes.Clone(output)
 	t.frameResult.err = err
 
 	if _, err := t.exit(t.obj, t.frameResultValue); err != nil {
@@ -534,7 +535,7 @@ func (t *jsTracer) setBuiltinFunctions() {
 			vm.Interrupt(err)
 			return nil
 		}
-		code = common.CopyBytes(code)
+		code = bytes.Clone(code)
 		codeHash := crypto.Keccak256(code)
 		b := crypto.CreateAddress2(addr, common.HexToHash(salt), codeHash).Bytes()
 		res, err := t.toBuf(vm, b)
@@ -869,7 +870,7 @@ func (co *contractObj) GetValue() goja.Value {
 }
 
 func (co *contractObj) GetInput() goja.Value {
-	input := common.CopyBytes(co.scope.CallInput())
+	input := bytes.Clone(co.scope.CallInput())
 	res, err := co.toBuf(co.vm, input)
 	if err != nil {
 		co.vm.Interrupt(err)
diff --git a/eth/tracers/logger/logger.go b/eth/tracers/logger/logger.go
index a28cecf138..bcf88a2b75 100644
--- a/eth/tracers/logger/logger.go
+++ b/eth/tracers/logger/logger.go
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package logger
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
@@ -348,7 +349,7 @@ func (l *StructLogger) GetResult() (json.RawMessage, error) {
 		return nil, l.reason
 	}
 	failed := l.err != nil
-	returnData := common.CopyBytes(l.output)
+	returnData := bytes.Clone(l.output)
 	// Return data when successful and revert reason when reverted, otherwise empty.
 	if failed && !errors.Is(l.err, vm.ErrExecutionReverted) {
 		returnData = []byte{}
diff --git a/eth/tracers/native/call.go b/eth/tracers/native/call.go
index c2247d1ce4..e94420244d 100644
--- a/eth/tracers/native/call.go
+++ b/eth/tracers/native/call.go
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package native
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"math/big"
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ func (f callFrame) failed() bool {
 }
 
 func (f *callFrame) processOutput(output []byte, err error, reverted bool) {
-	output = common.CopyBytes(output)
+	output = bytes.Clone(output)
 	// Clear error if tx wasn't reverted. This happened
 	// for pre-homestead contract storage OOG.
 	if err != nil && !reverted {
@@ -170,7 +171,7 @@ func (t *callTracer) OnEnter(depth int, typ byte, from common.Address, to common
 		Type:  vm.OpCode(typ),
 		From:  from,
 		To:    &toCopy,
-		Input: common.CopyBytes(input),
+		Input: bytes.Clone(input),
 		Gas:   gas,
 		Value: value,
 	}
diff --git a/ethdb/memorydb/memorydb.go b/ethdb/memorydb/memorydb.go
index a797275e92..080ffea660 100644
--- a/ethdb/memorydb/memorydb.go
+++ b/ethdb/memorydb/memorydb.go
@@ -18,12 +18,12 @@
 package memorydb
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"errors"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 )
 
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ func (db *Database) Get(key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 		return nil, errMemorydbClosed
 	}
 	if entry, ok := db.db[string(key)]; ok {
-		return common.CopyBytes(entry), nil
+		return bytes.Clone(entry), nil
 	}
 	return nil, errMemorydbNotFound
 }
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ func (db *Database) Put(key []byte, value []byte) error {
 	if db.db == nil {
 		return errMemorydbClosed
 	}
-	db.db[string(key)] = common.CopyBytes(value)
+	db.db[string(key)] = bytes.Clone(value)
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ type batch struct {
 
 // Put inserts the given value into the batch for later committing.
 func (b *batch) Put(key, value []byte) error {
-	b.writes = append(b.writes, keyvalue{string(key), common.CopyBytes(value), false})
+	b.writes = append(b.writes, keyvalue{string(key), bytes.Clone(value), false})
 	b.size += len(key) + len(value)
 	return nil
 }
diff --git a/p2p/transport.go b/p2p/transport.go
index 87d3013f11..66af72ae23 100644
--- a/p2p/transport.go
+++ b/p2p/transport.go
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/bitutil"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/metrics"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p/rlpx"
@@ -67,7 +66,7 @@ func (t *rlpxTransport) ReadMsg() (Msg, error) {
 		// Protocol messages are dispatched to subprotocol handlers asynchronously,
 		// but package rlpx may reuse the returned 'data' buffer on the next call
 		// to Read. Copy the message data to avoid this being an issue.
-		data = common.CopyBytes(data)
+		data = bytes.Clone(data)
 		msg = Msg{
 			ReceivedAt: time.Now(),
 			Code:       code,
diff --git a/trie/iterator_test.go b/trie/iterator_test.go
index 74a1aa378c..236c771aa1 100644
--- a/trie/iterator_test.go
+++ b/trie/iterator_test.go
@@ -140,8 +140,8 @@ func testNodeIteratorCoverage(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 		if it.Hash() != (common.Hash{}) {
 			elements[it.Hash()] = iterationElement{
 				hash: it.Hash(),
-				path: common.CopyBytes(it.Path()),
-				blob: common.CopyBytes(it.NodeBlob()),
+				path: bytes.Clone(it.Path()),
+				blob: bytes.Clone(it.NodeBlob()),
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ func isTrieNode(scheme string, key, val []byte) (bool, []byte, common.Hash) {
 		if !ok {
 			return false, nil, common.Hash{}
 		}
-		path = common.CopyBytes(remain)
+		path = bytes.Clone(remain)
 		hash = crypto.Keccak256Hash(val)
 	}
 	return true, path, hash
diff --git a/trie/node.go b/trie/node.go
index 96f077ebbb..bab7731b70 100644
--- a/trie/node.go
+++ b/trie/node.go
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package trie
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"strings"
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ type nodeFlag struct {
 
 func (n nodeFlag) copy() nodeFlag {
 	return nodeFlag{
-		hash:  common.CopyBytes(n.hash),
+		hash:  bytes.Clone(n.hash),
 		dirty: n.dirty,
 	}
 }
@@ -150,7 +151,7 @@ func mustDecodeNodeUnsafe(hash, buf []byte) node {
 // scenarios with low performance requirements and hard to determine whether the
 // byte slice be modified or not.
 func decodeNode(hash, buf []byte) (node, error) {
-	return decodeNodeUnsafe(hash, common.CopyBytes(buf))
+	return decodeNodeUnsafe(hash, bytes.Clone(buf))
 }
 
 // decodeNodeUnsafe parses the RLP encoding of a trie node. The passed byte slice
diff --git a/trie/proof_test.go b/trie/proof_test.go
index fab3a97650..e08640a054 100644
--- a/trie/proof_test.go
+++ b/trie/proof_test.go
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ func TestRangeProofWithNonExistentProof(t *testing.T) {
 		proof := memorydb.New()
 
 		// Short circuit if the decreased key is same with the previous key
-		first := decreaseKey(common.CopyBytes(entries[start].k))
+		first := decreaseKey(bytes.Clone(entries[start].k))
 		if start != 0 && bytes.Equal(first, entries[start-1].k) {
 			continue
 		}
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ func TestRangeProofWithInvalidNonExistentProof(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Case 1
 	start, end := 100, 200
-	first := decreaseKey(common.CopyBytes(entries[start].k))
+	first := decreaseKey(bytes.Clone(entries[start].k))
 
 	proof := memorydb.New()
 	if err := trie.Prove(first, proof); err != nil {
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ func TestOneElementRangeProof(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// One element with left non-existent edge proof
 	start = 1000
-	first := decreaseKey(common.CopyBytes(entries[start].k))
+	first := decreaseKey(bytes.Clone(entries[start].k))
 	proof = memorydb.New()
 	if err := trie.Prove(first, proof); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to prove the first node %v", err)
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ func TestOneElementRangeProof(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// One element with right non-existent edge proof
 	start = 1000
-	last := increaseKey(common.CopyBytes(entries[start].k))
+	last := increaseKey(bytes.Clone(entries[start].k))
 	proof = memorydb.New()
 	if err := trie.Prove(entries[start].k, proof); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to prove the first node %v", err)
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ func TestOneElementRangeProof(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// One element with two non-existent edge proofs
 	start = 1000
-	first, last = decreaseKey(common.CopyBytes(entries[start].k)), increaseKey(common.CopyBytes(entries[start].k))
+	first, last = decreaseKey(bytes.Clone(entries[start].k)), increaseKey(bytes.Clone(entries[start].k))
 	proof = memorydb.New()
 	if err := trie.Prove(first, proof); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to prove the first node %v", err)
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ func TestSameSideProofs(t *testing.T) {
 	slices.SortFunc(entries, (*kv).cmp)
 
 	pos := 1000
-	first := common.CopyBytes(entries[0].k)
+	first := bytes.Clone(entries[0].k)
 
 	proof := memorydb.New()
 	if err := trie.Prove(first, proof); err != nil {
@@ -574,8 +574,8 @@ func TestSameSideProofs(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("Expected error, got nil")
 	}
 
-	first = increaseKey(common.CopyBytes(entries[pos].k))
-	last := increaseKey(common.CopyBytes(entries[pos].k))
+	first = increaseKey(bytes.Clone(entries[pos].k))
+	last := increaseKey(bytes.Clone(entries[pos].k))
 	last = increaseKey(last)
 
 	proof = memorydb.New()
@@ -671,7 +671,7 @@ func TestEmptyRangeProof(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	for _, c := range cases {
 		proof := memorydb.New()
-		first := increaseKey(common.CopyBytes(entries[c.pos].k))
+		first := increaseKey(bytes.Clone(entries[c.pos].k))
 		if err := trie.Prove(first, proof); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("Failed to prove the first node %v", err)
 		}
@@ -733,7 +733,7 @@ func TestEmptyValueRangeProof(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Create a new entry with a slightly modified key
 	mid := len(entries) / 2
-	key := common.CopyBytes(entries[mid-1].k)
+	key := bytes.Clone(entries[mid-1].k)
 	for n := len(key) - 1; n >= 0; n-- {
 		if key[n] < 0xff {
 			key[n]++
@@ -777,7 +777,7 @@ func TestAllElementsEmptyValueRangeProof(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Create a new entry with a slightly modified key
 	mid := len(entries) / 2
-	key := common.CopyBytes(entries[mid-1].k)
+	key := bytes.Clone(entries[mid-1].k)
 	for n := len(key) - 1; n >= 0; n-- {
 		if key[n] < 0xff {
 			key[n]++
diff --git a/trie/secure_trie.go b/trie/secure_trie.go
index 45d5fd63e7..b7298fda12 100644
--- a/trie/secure_trie.go
+++ b/trie/secure_trie.go
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 package trie
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
+
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
@@ -159,7 +161,7 @@ func (t *StateTrie) GetNode(path []byte) ([]byte, int, error) {
 func (t *StateTrie) MustUpdate(key, value []byte) {
 	hk := t.hashKey(key)
 	t.trie.MustUpdate(hk, value)
-	t.getSecKeyCache()[string(hk)] = common.CopyBytes(key)
+	t.getSecKeyCache()[string(hk)] = bytes.Clone(key)
 }
 
 // UpdateStorage associates key with value in the trie. Subsequent calls to
@@ -177,7 +179,7 @@ func (t *StateTrie) UpdateStorage(_ common.Address, key, value []byte) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	t.getSecKeyCache()[string(hk)] = common.CopyBytes(key)
+	t.getSecKeyCache()[string(hk)] = bytes.Clone(key)
 	return nil
 }
 
diff --git a/trie/stacktrie_fuzzer_test.go b/trie/stacktrie_fuzzer_test.go
index 7ff6ef0235..e37b4c1b15 100644
--- a/trie/stacktrie_fuzzer_test.go
+++ b/trie/stacktrie_fuzzer_test.go
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ func fuzz(data []byte, debugging bool) {
 			if crypto.Keccak256Hash(blob) != hash {
 				panic("invalid node blob")
 			}
-			nodeset[string(path)] = common.CopyBytes(blob)
+			nodeset[string(path)] = bytes.Clone(blob)
 		})
 		checked int
 	)
diff --git a/trie/stacktrie_test.go b/trie/stacktrie_test.go
index 7e342e64bf..fc1bb7f4ed 100644
--- a/trie/stacktrie_test.go
+++ b/trie/stacktrie_test.go
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ func TestStacktrieNotModifyValues(t *testing.T) {
 		// so if the stacktrie tries to append, it won't have to realloc
 		value := make([]byte, 1, 100)
 		value[0] = 0x2
-		want := common.CopyBytes(value)
+		want := bytes.Clone(value)
 		st.Update([]byte{0x01}, value)
 		st.Hash()
 		if have := value; !bytes.Equal(have, want) {
diff --git a/trie/sync_test.go b/trie/sync_test.go
index 2ff02576d4..2a1038f034 100644
--- a/trie/sync_test.go
+++ b/trie/sync_test.go
@@ -836,7 +836,7 @@ func testPivotMove(t *testing.T, scheme string, tiny bool) {
 				}
 			}
 			tr.Update(key, val)
-			states[string(key)] = common.CopyBytes(val)
+			states[string(key)] = bytes.Clone(val)
 		}
 	)
 	stateA := make(map[string][]byte)
@@ -933,7 +933,7 @@ func testSyncAbort(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 				val = randBytes(32)
 			}
 			tr.Update(key, val)
-			states[string(key)] = common.CopyBytes(val)
+			states[string(key)] = bytes.Clone(val)
 		}
 	)
 	var (
diff --git a/trie/tracer.go b/trie/tracer.go
index 90b9666f0b..55c4be892e 100644
--- a/trie/tracer.go
+++ b/trie/tracer.go
@@ -17,9 +17,8 @@
 package trie
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"maps"
-
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 )
 
 // tracer tracks the changes of trie nodes. During the trie operations,
@@ -96,7 +95,7 @@ func (t *tracer) reset() {
 func (t *tracer) copy() *tracer {
 	accessList := make(map[string][]byte, len(t.accessList))
 	for path, blob := range t.accessList {
-		accessList[path] = common.CopyBytes(blob)
+		accessList[path] = bytes.Clone(blob)
 	}
 	return &tracer{
 		inserts:    maps.Clone(t.inserts),
diff --git a/trie/tracer_test.go b/trie/tracer_test.go
index 852a706021..1b9e3cc60c 100644
--- a/trie/tracer_test.go
+++ b/trie/tracer_test.go
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ func forNodes(tr *Trie) map[string][]byte {
 		if it.Leaf() {
 			continue
 		}
-		nodes[string(it.Path())] = common.CopyBytes(it.NodeBlob())
+		nodes[string(it.Path())] = bytes.Clone(it.NodeBlob())
 	}
 	return nodes
 }
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ func forHashedNodes(tr *Trie) map[string][]byte {
 		if it.Hash() == (common.Hash{}) {
 			continue
 		}
-		nodes[string(it.Path())] = common.CopyBytes(it.NodeBlob())
+		nodes[string(it.Path())] = bytes.Clone(it.NodeBlob())
 	}
 	return nodes
 }
diff --git a/trie/trie.go b/trie/trie.go
index fdb4da9be4..c3bae470fe 100644
--- a/trie/trie.go
+++ b/trie/trie.go
@@ -576,12 +576,12 @@ func copyNode(n node) node {
 	case nil:
 		return nil
 	case valueNode:
-		return valueNode(common.CopyBytes(n))
+		return valueNode(bytes.Clone(n))
 
 	case *shortNode:
 		return &shortNode{
 			flags: n.flags.copy(),
-			Key:   common.CopyBytes(n.Key),
+			Key:   bytes.Clone(n.Key),
 			Val:   copyNode(n.Val),
 		}
 	case *fullNode:
diff --git a/trie/trie_test.go b/trie/trie_test.go
index 54d1b083d8..f8fd24a34f 100644
--- a/trie/trie_test.go
+++ b/trie/trie_test.go
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ func testMissingNode(t *testing.T, memonly bool, scheme string) {
 	)
 	for p, n := range nodes.Nodes {
 		if n.Hash == hash {
-			path = common.CopyBytes([]byte(p))
+			path = bytes.Clone([]byte(p))
 			break
 		}
 	}
@@ -1274,7 +1274,7 @@ func TestCommitCorrect(t *testing.T) {
 		key := testrand.Bytes(32)
 		val := testrand.Bytes(32)
 		paraTrie.Update(key, val)
-		refTrie.Update(common.CopyBytes(key), common.CopyBytes(val))
+		refTrie.Update(bytes.Clone(key), bytes.Clone(val))
 	}
 	paraTrie.Hash()
 	refTrie.Hash()
diff --git a/trie/trienode/proof.go b/trie/trienode/proof.go
index 01a07c05b0..e818e5266d 100644
--- a/trie/trienode/proof.go
+++ b/trie/trienode/proof.go
@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@
 package trienode
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"errors"
 	"sync"
 
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ func (db *ProofSet) Put(key []byte, value []byte) error {
 	}
 	keystr := string(key)
 
-	db.nodes[keystr] = common.CopyBytes(value)
+	db.nodes[keystr] = bytes.Clone(value)
 	db.order = append(db.order, keystr)
 	db.dataSize += len(value)
 
diff --git a/triedb/pathdb/database_test.go b/triedb/pathdb/database_test.go
index c85d7832ee..5219a87fff 100644
--- a/triedb/pathdb/database_test.go
+++ b/triedb/pathdb/database_test.go
@@ -697,7 +697,7 @@ func TestTailTruncateHistory(t *testing.T) {
 func copyAccounts(set map[common.Hash][]byte) map[common.Hash][]byte {
 	copied := make(map[common.Hash][]byte, len(set))
 	for key, val := range set {
-		copied[key] = common.CopyBytes(val)
+		copied[key] = bytes.Clone(val)
 	}
 	return copied
 }
@@ -708,7 +708,7 @@ func copyStorages(set map[common.Hash]map[common.Hash][]byte) map[common.Hash]ma
 	for addrHash, subset := range set {
 		copied[addrHash] = make(map[common.Hash][]byte, len(subset))
 		for key, val := range subset {
-			copied[addrHash][key] = common.CopyBytes(val)
+			copied[addrHash][key] = bytes.Clone(val)
 		}
 	}
 	return copied
diff --git a/triedb/pathdb/difflayer_test.go b/triedb/pathdb/difflayer_test.go
index 83ed833486..6958d9f1f9 100644
--- a/triedb/pathdb/difflayer_test.go
+++ b/triedb/pathdb/difflayer_test.go
@@ -72,8 +72,8 @@ func benchmarkSearch(b *testing.B, depth int, total int) {
 			)
 			nodes[common.Hash{}][string(path)] = node
 			if npath == nil && depth == index {
-				npath = common.CopyBytes(path)
-				nblob = common.CopyBytes(blob)
+				npath = bytes.Clone(path)
+				nblob = bytes.Clone(blob)
 			}
 		}
 		return newDiffLayer(parent, common.Hash{}, 0, 0, newNodeSet(nodes), NewStateSetWithOrigin(nil, nil, nil, nil, false))
diff --git a/triedb/pathdb/holdable_iterator.go b/triedb/pathdb/holdable_iterator.go
index 1f8e6b7068..108c18d9a8 100644
--- a/triedb/pathdb/holdable_iterator.go
+++ b/triedb/pathdb/holdable_iterator.go
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@
 package pathdb
 
 import (
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"bytes"
+
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 )
 
@@ -42,8 +43,8 @@ func (it *holdableIterator) Hold() {
 	if it.it.Key() == nil {
 		return // nothing to hold
 	}
-	it.key = common.CopyBytes(it.it.Key())
-	it.val = common.CopyBytes(it.it.Value())
+	it.key = bytes.Clone(it.it.Key())
+	it.val = bytes.Clone(it.it.Value())
 	it.atHeld = false
 }