Merge tag 'v1.14.10' into lmartins/upstream_merge_v1.14.10

.gitignore

@@ -30,6 +30,14 @@ cover.out
 /build/bin/
 /geth*.zip
 
+# used by the build/ci.go archive + upload tool
+/geth*.tar.gz
+/geth*.tar.gz.sig
+/geth*.tar.gz.asc
+/geth*.zip.sig
+/geth*.zip.asc
+
+
 # travis
 profile.tmp
 profile.cov

.golangci.yml

@@ -60,6 +60,10 @@ issues:
     - path: crypto/bn256/
       linters:
         - revive
+    - path: cmd/utils/flags.go
+      text: "SA1019: cfg.TxLookupLimit is deprecated: use 'TransactionHistory' instead."
+    - path: cmd/utils/flags.go
+      text: "SA1019: ethconfig.Defaults.TxLookupLimit is deprecated: use 'TransactionHistory' instead."
     - path: internal/build/pgp.go
       text: 'SA1019: "golang.org/x/crypto/openpgp" is deprecated: this package is unmaintained except for security fixes.'
     - path: core/vm/contracts.go

.travis.yml

@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ jobs:
       if: type = push
       os: linux
       arch: amd64
-      dist: noble
+      dist: focal
-      go: 1.22.x
+      go: 1.23.x
       env:
         - docker
       services:
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ jobs:
       if: type = push
       os: linux
       arch: arm64
-      dist: noble
+      dist: focal
-      go: 1.22.x
+      go: 1.23.x
       env:
         - docker
       services:
@@ -85,9 +85,9 @@ jobs:
     - stage: build
       if: type = push
       os: linux
-      dist: noble
+      dist: focal
       sudo: required
-      go: 1.22.x
+      go: 1.23.x
       env:
         - azure-linux
       git:
@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ jobs:
 
         # build 386
         - sudo -E apt-get -yq --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends install gcc-multilib
+        - git status --porcelain
         - go run build/ci.go install -dlgo -arch 386
         - go run build/ci.go archive -arch 386 -type tar -signer LINUX_SIGNING_KEY -signify SIGNIFY_KEY -upload gethstore/builds
 
@@ -158,12 +159,13 @@ jobs:
       if: type = push
       os: osx
       osx_image: xcode14.2
-      go: 1.22.x
+      go: 1.23.1 # See https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pull/30478
       env:
         - azure-osx
       git:
         submodules: false # avoid cloning ethereum/tests
       script:
+        - ln -sf /Users/travis/gopath/bin/go1.23.1 /usr/local/bin/go # Work around travis go-setup bug
         - go run build/ci.go install -dlgo
         - go run build/ci.go archive -type tar -signer OSX_SIGNING_KEY -signify SIGNIFY_KEY -upload gethstore/builds
         - go run build/ci.go install -dlgo -arch arm64
@@ -174,8 +176,8 @@ jobs:
       if: type = push
       os: linux
       arch: amd64
-      dist: noble
+      dist: focal
-      go: 1.22.x
+      go: 1.23.x
       script:
         - travis_wait 45 go run build/ci.go test $TEST_PACKAGES
 
@@ -190,7 +192,7 @@ jobs:
 
     - stage: build
       os: linux
-      dist: noble
+      dist: focal
       go: 1.22.x
       script:
         - travis_wait 45 go run build/ci.go test $TEST_PACKAGES
@@ -199,8 +201,8 @@ jobs:
     - stage: build
       if: type = cron || (type = push && tag ~= /^v[0-9]/)
       os: linux
-      dist: noble
+      dist: focal
-      go: 1.22.x
+      go: 1.23.x
       env:
         - ubuntu-ppa
       git:
@@ -215,8 +217,8 @@ jobs:
     - stage: build
       if: type = cron
       os: linux
-      dist: noble
+      dist: focal
-      go: 1.22.x
+      go: 1.23.x
       env:
         - azure-purge
       git:
@@ -228,8 +230,8 @@ jobs:
     - stage: build
       if: type = cron
       os: linux
-      dist: noble
+      dist: focal
-      go: 1.22.x
+      go: 1.23.x
       env:
         - racetests
       script:

Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-FROM golang:latest
+# Build Geth in a stock Go builder container
+FROM golang:1.23-alpine as builder
 
 ARG BOR_DIR=/var/lib/bor
 ENV BOR_DIR=$BOR_DIR

Dockerfile.alltools

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # Build Geth in a stock Go builder container
-FROM golang:1.22.1-alpine as builder
+FROM golang:1.23-alpine as builder
 
 RUN apk add --no-cache make gcc musl-dev linux-headers git
 

accounts/abi/abi_test.go

@@ -1326,3 +1326,10 @@ func TestUnpackRevert(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestInternalContractType(t *testing.T) {
+	jsonData := `[{"inputs":[{"components":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"dailyLimit","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"txLimit","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"accountDailyLimit","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"minAmount","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"bool","name":"onlyWhitelisted","type":"bool"}],"internalType":"struct IMessagePassingBridge.BridgeLimits","name":"bridgeLimits","type":"tuple"},{"components":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"lastTransferReset","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"bridged24Hours","type":"uint256"}],"internalType":"struct IMessagePassingBridge.AccountLimit","name":"accountDailyLimit","type":"tuple"},{"components":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"lastTransferReset","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"bridged24Hours","type":"uint256"}],"internalType":"struct IMessagePassingBridge.BridgeDailyLimit","name":"bridgeDailyLimit","type":"tuple"},{"internalType":"contract INameService","name":"nameService","type":"INameService"},{"internalType":"bool","name":"isClosed","type":"bool"},{"internalType":"address","name":"from","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"canBridge","outputs":[{"internalType":"bool","name":"isWithinLimit","type":"bool"},{"internalType":"string","name":"error","type":"string"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint8","name":"decimals","type":"uint8"}],"name":"normalizeFrom18ToTokenDecimals","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"normalized","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"pure","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint8","name":"decimals","type":"uint8"}],"name":"normalizeFromTokenTo18Decimals","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"normalized","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"pure","type":"function"}]`
+	if _, err := JSON(strings.NewReader(jsonData)); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}

accounts/abi/bind/backends/simulated.go

@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ func (b *SimulatedBackend) rollback(parent *types.Block) {
 	blocks, _ := core.GenerateChain(b.config, parent, ethash.NewFaker(), b.database, 1, func(int, *core.BlockGen) {})
 
 	b.pendingBlock = blocks[0]
-	b.pendingState, _ = state.New(b.pendingBlock.Root(), b.blockchain.StateCache(), nil)
+	b.pendingState, _ = state.New(b.pendingBlock.Root(), b.blockchain.StateCache())
 }
 
 // Fork creates a side-chain that can be used to simulate reorgs.
@@ -699,7 +699,7 @@ func (b *SimulatedBackend) callContract(ctx context.Context, call ethereum.CallM
 		GasTipCap:       call.GasTipCap,
 		Data:            call.Data,
 		AccessList:      call.AccessList,
-		SkipAccountChecks: true,
+		SkipNonceChecks: true,
 	}
 
 	// Create a new environment which holds all relevant information
@@ -709,7 +709,7 @@ func (b *SimulatedBackend) callContract(ctx context.Context, call ethereum.CallM
 	vmEnv := vm.NewEVM(evmContext, txContext, stateDB, b.config, vm.Config{NoBaseFee: true})
 	gasPool := new(core.GasPool).AddGas(math.MaxUint64)
 
-	return core.ApplyMessage(vmEnv, msg, gasPool, context.Background())
+	return core.ApplyMessage(vmEnv, msg, gasPool)
 }
 
 // SendTransaction updates the pending block to include the given transaction.
@@ -744,7 +744,7 @@ func (b *SimulatedBackend) SendTransaction(ctx context.Context, tx *types.Transa
 		return err
 	}
 	b.pendingBlock = blocks[0]
-	b.pendingState, _ = state.New(b.pendingBlock.Root(), stateDB.Database(), nil)
+	b.pendingState, _ = state.New(b.pendingBlock.Root(), stateDB.Database())
 	b.pendingReceipts = receipts[0]
 	return nil
 }
@@ -867,7 +867,7 @@ func (b *SimulatedBackend) AdjustTime(adjustment time.Duration) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	b.pendingBlock = blocks[0]
-	b.pendingState, _ = state.New(b.pendingBlock.Root(), stateDB.Database(), nil)
+	b.pendingState, _ = state.New(b.pendingBlock.Root(), stateDB.Database())
 	return nil
 }
 

accounts/abi/bind/util_test.go

@@ -85,7 +85,9 @@ func TestWaitDeployed(t *testing.T) {
 		}()
 
 		// Send and mine the transaction.
-		backend.SendTransaction(ctx, tx)
+		if err := backend.SendTransaction(ctx, tx); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("test %q: failed to send transaction: %v", name, err)
+		}
 		backend.Commit()
 
 		select {
@@ -122,7 +124,9 @@ func TestWaitDeployedCornerCases(t *testing.T) {
 
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	defer cancel()
-	backend.SendTransaction(ctx, tx)
+	if err := backend.SendTransaction(ctx, tx); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("failed to send transaction: %q", err)
+	}
 	backend.Commit()
 	notContractCreation := errors.New("tx is not contract creation")
 	if _, err := bind.WaitDeployed(ctx, backend, tx); err.Error() != notContractCreation.Error() {
@@ -140,6 +144,8 @@ func TestWaitDeployedCornerCases(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}()
 
-	backend.SendTransaction(ctx, tx)
+	if err := backend.SendTransaction(ctx, tx); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("failed to send transaction: %q", err)
+	}
 	cancel()
 }

accounts/abi/type.go

@@ -238,8 +238,13 @@ func NewType(t string, internalType string, components []ArgumentMarshaling) (ty
 		typ.T = FunctionTy
 		typ.Size = 24
 	default:
+		if strings.HasPrefix(internalType, "contract ") {
+			typ.Size = 20
+			typ.T = AddressTy
+		} else {
 			return Type{}, fmt.Errorf("unsupported arg type: %s", t)
 		}
+	}
 
 	return
 }

beacon/blsync/block_sync_test.go

@@ -70,7 +70,10 @@ func TestBlockSync(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Helper()
 		var expNumber, headNumber uint64
 		if expHead != nil {
-			p, _ := expHead.ExecutionPayload()
+			p, err := expHead.ExecutionPayload()
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("expHead.ExecutionPayload() failed: %v", err)
+			}
 			expNumber = p.NumberU64()
 		}
 		select {

beacon/blsync/config.go

@@ -56,32 +56,17 @@ var (
 			AddFork("DENEB", 132608, []byte{144, 0, 0, 115}),
 		Checkpoint: common.HexToHash("0x1005a6d9175e96bfbce4d35b80f468e9bff0b674e1e861d16e09e10005a58e81"),
 	}
-
-	GoerliConfig = lightClientConfig{
-		ChainConfig: (&types.ChainConfig{
-			GenesisValidatorsRoot: common.HexToHash("0x043db0d9a83813551ee2f33450d23797757d430911a9320530ad8a0eabc43efb"),
-			GenesisTime:           1614588812,
-		}).
-			AddFork("GENESIS", 0, []byte{0, 0, 16, 32}).
-			AddFork("ALTAIR", 36660, []byte{1, 0, 16, 32}).
-			AddFork("BELLATRIX", 112260, []byte{2, 0, 16, 32}).
-			AddFork("CAPELLA", 162304, []byte{3, 0, 16, 32}).
-			AddFork("DENEB", 231680, []byte{4, 0, 16, 32}),
-		Checkpoint: common.HexToHash("0x53a0f4f0a378e2c4ae0a9ee97407eb69d0d737d8d8cd0a5fb1093f42f7b81c49"),
-	}
 )
 
 func makeChainConfig(ctx *cli.Context) lightClientConfig {
 	var config lightClientConfig
 	customConfig := ctx.IsSet(utils.BeaconConfigFlag.Name)
-	utils.CheckExclusive(ctx, utils.MainnetFlag, utils.GoerliFlag, utils.SepoliaFlag, utils.BeaconConfigFlag)
+	utils.CheckExclusive(ctx, utils.MainnetFlag, utils.SepoliaFlag, utils.BeaconConfigFlag)
 	switch {
 	case ctx.Bool(utils.MainnetFlag.Name):
 		config = MainnetConfig
 	case ctx.Bool(utils.SepoliaFlag.Name):
 		config = SepoliaConfig
-	case ctx.Bool(utils.GoerliFlag.Name):
-		config = GoerliConfig
 	default:
 		if !customConfig {
 			config = MainnetConfig

beacon/engine/gen_ed.go

@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ func (e ExecutableData) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 		Withdrawals      []*types.Withdrawal     `json:"withdrawals"`
 		BlobGasUsed      *hexutil.Uint64         `json:"blobGasUsed"`
 		ExcessBlobGas    *hexutil.Uint64         `json:"excessBlobGas"`
+		Deposits         types.Deposits          `json:"depositRequests"`
+		ExecutionWitness *types.ExecutionWitness `json:"executionWitness,omitempty"`
 	}
 
 	var enc ExecutableData
@@ -61,6 +63,8 @@ func (e ExecutableData) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	enc.Withdrawals = e.Withdrawals
 	enc.BlobGasUsed = (*hexutil.Uint64)(e.BlobGasUsed)
 	enc.ExcessBlobGas = (*hexutil.Uint64)(e.ExcessBlobGas)
+	enc.Deposits = e.Deposits
+	enc.ExecutionWitness = e.ExecutionWitness
 	return json.Marshal(&enc)
 }
 
@@ -84,6 +88,8 @@ func (e *ExecutableData) UnmarshalJSON(input []byte) error {
 		Withdrawals      []*types.Withdrawal     `json:"withdrawals"`
 		BlobGasUsed      *hexutil.Uint64         `json:"blobGasUsed"`
 		ExcessBlobGas    *hexutil.Uint64         `json:"excessBlobGas"`
+		Deposits         *types.Deposits         `json:"depositRequests"`
+		ExecutionWitness *types.ExecutionWitness `json:"executionWitness,omitempty"`
 	}
 
 	var dec ExecutableData
@@ -187,5 +193,11 @@ func (e *ExecutableData) UnmarshalJSON(input []byte) error {
 	if dec.ExcessBlobGas != nil {
 		e.ExcessBlobGas = (*uint64)(dec.ExcessBlobGas)
 	}
+	if dec.Deposits != nil {
+		e.Deposits = *dec.Deposits
+	}
+	if dec.ExecutionWitness != nil {
+		e.ExecutionWitness = dec.ExecutionWitness
+	}
 	return nil
 }

beacon/engine/gen_epe.go

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ func (e ExecutionPayloadEnvelope) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 		BlockValue       *hexutil.Big    `json:"blockValue"  gencodec:"required"`
 		BlobsBundle      *BlobsBundleV1  `json:"blobsBundle"`
 		Override         bool            `json:"shouldOverrideBuilder"`
+		Witness          *hexutil.Bytes  `json:"witness"`
 	}
 
 	var enc ExecutionPayloadEnvelope
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ func (e ExecutionPayloadEnvelope) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	enc.BlockValue = (*hexutil.Big)(e.BlockValue)
 	enc.BlobsBundle = e.BlobsBundle
 	enc.Override = e.Override
+	enc.Witness = e.Witness
 	return json.Marshal(&enc)
 }
 
@@ -36,6 +38,7 @@ func (e *ExecutionPayloadEnvelope) UnmarshalJSON(input []byte) error {
 		BlockValue       *hexutil.Big    `json:"blockValue"  gencodec:"required"`
 		BlobsBundle      *BlobsBundleV1  `json:"blobsBundle"`
 		Override         *bool           `json:"shouldOverrideBuilder"`
+		Witness          *hexutil.Bytes  `json:"witness"`
 	}
 
 	var dec ExecutionPayloadEnvelope
@@ -60,5 +63,8 @@ func (e *ExecutionPayloadEnvelope) UnmarshalJSON(input []byte) error {
 	if dec.Override != nil {
 		e.Override = *dec.Override
 	}
+	if dec.Witness != nil {
+		e.Witness = dec.Witness
+	}
 	return nil
 }

beacon/engine/types.go

@@ -76,6 +76,8 @@ type ExecutableData struct {
 	Withdrawals      []*types.Withdrawal     `json:"withdrawals"`
 	BlobGasUsed      *uint64                 `json:"blobGasUsed"`
 	ExcessBlobGas    *uint64                 `json:"excessBlobGas"`
+	Deposits         types.Deposits          `json:"depositRequests"`
+	ExecutionWitness *types.ExecutionWitness `json:"executionWitness,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // JSON type overrides for executableData.
@@ -92,6 +94,14 @@ type executableDataMarshaling struct {
 	ExcessBlobGas *hexutil.Uint64
 }
 
+// StatelessPayloadStatusV1 is the result of a stateless payload execution.
+type StatelessPayloadStatusV1 struct {
+	Status          string      `json:"status"`
+	StateRoot       common.Hash `json:"stateRoot"`
+	ReceiptsRoot    common.Hash `json:"receiptsRoot"`
+	ValidationError *string     `json:"validationError"`
+}
+
 //go:generate go run github.com/fjl/gencodec -type ExecutionPayloadEnvelope -field-override executionPayloadEnvelopeMarshaling -out gen_epe.go
 
 type ExecutionPayloadEnvelope struct {
@@ -99,6 +109,7 @@ type ExecutionPayloadEnvelope struct {
 	BlockValue       *big.Int        `json:"blockValue"  gencodec:"required"`
 	BlobsBundle      *BlobsBundleV1  `json:"blobsBundle"`
 	Override         bool            `json:"shouldOverrideBuilder"`
+	Witness          *hexutil.Bytes  `json:"witness"`
 }
 
 type BlobsBundleV1 struct {
@@ -114,6 +125,7 @@ type executionPayloadEnvelopeMarshaling struct {
 
 type PayloadStatusV1 struct {
 	Status          string         `json:"status"`
+	Witness         *hexutil.Bytes `json:"witness"`
 	LatestValidHash *common.Hash   `json:"latestValidHash"`
 	ValidationError *string        `json:"validationError"`
 }
@@ -201,6 +213,20 @@ func decodeTransactions(enc [][]byte) ([]*types.Transaction, error) {
 // Withdrawals value will propagate through the returned block. Empty
 // Withdrawals value must be passed via non-nil, length 0 value in data.
 func ExecutableDataToBlock(data ExecutableData, versionedHashes []common.Hash, beaconRoot *common.Hash) (*types.Block, error) {
+	block, err := ExecutableDataToBlockNoHash(data, versionedHashes, beaconRoot)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if block.Hash() != data.BlockHash {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("blockhash mismatch, want %x, got %x", data.BlockHash, block.Hash())
+	}
+	return block, nil
+}
+
+// ExecutableDataToBlockNoHash is analogous to ExecutableDataToBlock, but is used
+// for stateless execution, so it skips checking if the executable data hashes to
+// the requested hash (stateless has to *compute* the root hash, it's not given).
+func ExecutableDataToBlockNoHash(data ExecutableData, versionedHashes []common.Hash, beaconRoot *common.Hash) (*types.Block, error) {
 	txs, err := decodeTransactions(data.Transactions)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -235,7 +261,19 @@ func ExecutableDataToBlock(data ExecutableData, versionedHashes []common.Hash, b
 		h := types.DeriveSha(types.Withdrawals(data.Withdrawals), trie.NewStackTrie(nil))
 		withdrawalsRoot = &h
 	}
-
+	// Compute requestsHash if any requests are non-nil.
+	var (
+		requestsHash *common.Hash
+		requests     types.Requests
+	)
+	if data.Deposits != nil {
+		requests = make(types.Requests, 0)
+		for _, d := range data.Deposits {
+			requests = append(requests, types.NewRequest(d))
+		}
+		h := types.DeriveSha(requests, trie.NewStackTrie(nil))
+		requestsHash = &h
+	}
 	header := &types.Header{
 		ParentHash:       data.ParentHash,
 		UncleHash:        types.EmptyUncleHash,
@@ -256,13 +294,12 @@ func ExecutableDataToBlock(data ExecutableData, versionedHashes []common.Hash, b
 		ExcessBlobGas:    data.ExcessBlobGas,
 		BlobGasUsed:      data.BlobGasUsed,
 		ParentBeaconRoot: beaconRoot,
+		RequestsHash:     requestsHash,
 	}
-	block := types.NewBlockWithHeader(header).WithBody(types.Body{Transactions: txs, Uncles: nil, Withdrawals: data.Withdrawals})
+	return types.NewBlockWithHeader(header).
-	if block.Hash() != data.BlockHash {
+			WithBody(types.Body{Transactions: txs, Uncles: nil, Withdrawals: data.Withdrawals, Requests: requests}).
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("blockhash mismatch, want %x, got %x", data.BlockHash, block.Hash())
+			WithWitness(data.ExecutionWitness),
-	}
+		nil
-
-	return block, nil
 }
 
 // BlockToExecutableData constructs the ExecutableData structure by filling the
@@ -286,6 +323,7 @@ func BlockToExecutableData(block *types.Block, fees *big.Int, sidecars []*types.
 		Withdrawals:      block.Withdrawals(),
 		BlobGasUsed:      block.BlobGasUsed(),
 		ExcessBlobGas:    block.ExcessBlobGas(),
+		ExecutionWitness: block.ExecutionWitness(),
 	}
 	bundle := BlobsBundleV1{
 		Commitments: make([]hexutil.Bytes, 0),
@@ -299,13 +337,30 @@ func BlockToExecutableData(block *types.Block, fees *big.Int, sidecars []*types.
 			bundle.Proofs = append(bundle.Proofs, hexutil.Bytes(sidecar.Proofs[j][:]))
 		}
 	}
+	setRequests(block.Requests(), data)
 	return &ExecutionPayloadEnvelope{ExecutionPayload: data, BlockValue: fees, BlobsBundle: &bundle, Override: false}
 }
 
-// ExecutionPayloadBodyV1 is used in the response to GetPayloadBodiesByHashV1 and GetPayloadBodiesByRangeV1
+// setRequests differentiates the different request types and
-type ExecutionPayloadBodyV1 struct {
+// assigns them to the associated fields in ExecutableData.
+func setRequests(requests types.Requests, data *ExecutableData) {
+	if requests != nil {
+		// If requests is non-nil, it means deposits are available in block and we
+		// should return an empty slice instead of nil if there are no deposits.
+		data.Deposits = make(types.Deposits, 0)
+	}
+	for _, r := range requests {
+		if d, ok := r.Inner().(*types.Deposit); ok {
+			data.Deposits = append(data.Deposits, d)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// ExecutionPayloadBody is used in the response to GetPayloadBodiesByHash and GetPayloadBodiesByRange
+type ExecutionPayloadBody struct {
 	TransactionData []hexutil.Bytes     `json:"transactions"`
 	Withdrawals     []*types.Withdrawal `json:"withdrawals"`
+	Deposits        types.Deposits      `json:"depositRequests"`
 }
 
 // Client identifiers to support ClientVersionV1.

beacon/light/api/light_api.go

@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"strconv"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
@@ -120,8 +122,12 @@ func NewBeaconLightApi(url string, customHeaders map[string]string) *BeaconLight
 	}
 }
 
-func (api *BeaconLightApi) httpGet(path string) ([]byte, error) {
+func (api *BeaconLightApi) httpGet(path string, params url.Values) ([]byte, error) {
-	req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", api.url+path, nil)
+	uri, err := api.buildURL(path, params)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", uri, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -145,17 +151,16 @@ func (api *BeaconLightApi) httpGet(path string) ([]byte, error) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (api *BeaconLightApi) httpGetf(format string, params ...any) ([]byte, error) {
-	return api.httpGet(fmt.Sprintf(format, params...))
-}
-
 // GetBestUpdatesAndCommittees fetches and validates LightClientUpdate for given
 // period and full serialized committee for the next period (committee root hash
 // equals update.NextSyncCommitteeRoot).
 // Note that the results are validated but the update signature should be verified
 // by the caller as its validity depends on the update chain.
 func (api *BeaconLightApi) GetBestUpdatesAndCommittees(firstPeriod, count uint64) ([]*types.LightClientUpdate, []*types.SerializedSyncCommittee, error) {
-	resp, err := api.httpGetf("/eth/v1/beacon/light_client/updates?start_period=%d&count=%d", firstPeriod, count)
+	resp, err := api.httpGet("/eth/v1/beacon/light_client/updates", map[string][]string{
+		"start_period": {strconv.FormatUint(firstPeriod, 10)},
+		"count":        {strconv.FormatUint(count, 10)},
+	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
@@ -192,7 +197,7 @@ func (api *BeaconLightApi) GetBestUpdatesAndCommittees(firstPeriod, count uint64
 // See data structure definition here:
 // https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/dev/specs/altair/light-client/sync-protocol.md#lightclientoptimisticupdate
 func (api *BeaconLightApi) GetOptimisticUpdate() (types.OptimisticUpdate, error) {
-	resp, err := api.httpGet("/eth/v1/beacon/light_client/optimistic_update")
+	resp, err := api.httpGet("/eth/v1/beacon/light_client/optimistic_update", nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return types.OptimisticUpdate{}, err
 	}
@@ -245,7 +250,7 @@ func decodeOptimisticUpdate(enc []byte) (types.OptimisticUpdate, error) {
 // See data structure definition here:
 // https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/dev/specs/altair/light-client/sync-protocol.md#lightclientfinalityupdate
 func (api *BeaconLightApi) GetFinalityUpdate() (types.FinalityUpdate, error) {
-	resp, err := api.httpGet("/eth/v1/beacon/light_client/finality_update")
+	resp, err := api.httpGet("/eth/v1/beacon/light_client/finality_update", nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return types.FinalityUpdate{}, err
 	}
@@ -311,7 +316,7 @@ func (api *BeaconLightApi) GetHeader(blockRoot common.Hash) (types.Header, bool,
 	} else {
 		blockId = blockRoot.Hex()
 	}
-	resp, err := api.httpGetf("/eth/v1/beacon/headers/%s", blockId)
+	resp, err := api.httpGet(fmt.Sprintf("/eth/v1/beacon/headers/%s", blockId), nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return types.Header{}, false, false, err
 	}
@@ -342,7 +347,7 @@ func (api *BeaconLightApi) GetHeader(blockRoot common.Hash) (types.Header, bool,
 
 // GetCheckpointData fetches and validates bootstrap data belonging to the given checkpoint.
 func (api *BeaconLightApi) GetCheckpointData(checkpointHash common.Hash) (*types.BootstrapData, error) {
-	resp, err := api.httpGetf("/eth/v1/beacon/light_client/bootstrap/0x%x", checkpointHash[:])
+	resp, err := api.httpGet(fmt.Sprintf("/eth/v1/beacon/light_client/bootstrap/0x%x", checkpointHash[:]), nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -384,7 +389,7 @@ func (api *BeaconLightApi) GetCheckpointData(checkpointHash common.Hash) (*types
 }
 
 func (api *BeaconLightApi) GetBeaconBlock(blockRoot common.Hash) (*types.BeaconBlock, error) {
-	resp, err := api.httpGetf("/eth/v2/beacon/blocks/0x%x", blockRoot)
+	resp, err := api.httpGet(fmt.Sprintf("/eth/v2/beacon/blocks/0x%x", blockRoot), nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -545,9 +550,13 @@ func (api *BeaconLightApi) StartHeadListener(listener HeadEventListener) func()
 // established. It can only return nil when the context is canceled.
 func (api *BeaconLightApi) startEventStream(ctx context.Context, listener *HeadEventListener) *eventsource.Stream {
 	for retry := true; retry; retry = ctxSleep(ctx, 5*time.Second) {
-		path := "/eth/v1/events?topics=head&topics=light_client_finality_update&topics=light_client_optimistic_update"
 		log.Trace("Sending event subscription request")
-		req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", api.url+path, nil)
+		uri, err := api.buildURL("/eth/v1/events", map[string][]string{"topics": {"head", "light_client_finality_update", "light_client_optimistic_update"}})
+		if err != nil {
+			listener.OnError(fmt.Errorf("error creating event subscription URL: %v", err))
+			continue
+		}
+		req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", uri, nil)
 		if err != nil {
 			listener.OnError(fmt.Errorf("error creating event subscription request: %v", err))
 			continue
@@ -576,3 +585,15 @@ func ctxSleep(ctx context.Context, timeout time.Duration) (ok bool) {
 		return false
 	}
 }
+
+func (api *BeaconLightApi) buildURL(path string, params url.Values) (string, error) {
+	uri, err := url.Parse(api.url)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	uri = uri.JoinPath(path)
+	if params != nil {
+		uri.RawQuery = params.Encode()
+	}
+	return uri.String(), nil
+}

beacon/light/sync/update_sync_test.go

@@ -201,6 +201,34 @@ func TestUpdateSyncDifferentHeads(t *testing.T) {
 	chain.ExpNextSyncPeriod(t, 17)
 }
 
+func TestRangeLock(t *testing.T) {
+	r := make(rangeLock)
+
+	// Lock from 0 to 99.
+	r.lock(0, 100, 1)
+	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+		if v, ok := r[uint64(i)]; v <= 0 || !ok {
+			t.Fatalf("integer space: %d not locked", i)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Unlock from 0 to 99.
+	r.lock(0, 100, -1)
+	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+		if v, ok := r[uint64(i)]; v > 0 || ok {
+			t.Fatalf("integer space: %d is locked", i)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Lock from 0 to 99 then unlock from 10 to 59.
+	r.lock(0, 100, 1)
+	r.lock(10, 50, -1)
+	first, count := r.firstUnlocked(0, 100)
+	if first != 10 || count != 50 {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected first: %d or count: %d", first, count)
+	}
+}
+
 func testRespUpdate(request requestWithID) request.Response {
 	var resp RespUpdates
 	if request.request == nil {

build/checksums.txt

@@ -5,55 +5,56 @@
 # https://github.com/ethereum/execution-spec-tests/releases/download/v2.1.0/
 ca89c76851b0900bfcc3cbb9a26cbece1f3d7c64a3bed38723e914713290df6c  fixtures_develop.tar.gz
 
-# version:golang 1.22.6
+# version:golang 1.23.1
 # https://go.dev/dl/
-9e48d99d519882579917d8189c17e98c373ce25abaebb98772e2927088992a51  go1.22.6.src.tar.gz
+6ee44e298379d146a5e5aa6b1c5b5d5f5d0a3365eabdd70741e6e21340ec3b0d  go1.23.1.src.tar.gz
-eeb0cc42120cbae6d3695dae2e5420fa0e93a5db957db139b55efdb879dd9856  go1.22.6.aix-ppc64.tar.gz
+f17f2791717c15728ec63213a014e244c35f9c8846fb29f5a1b63d0c0556f756  go1.23.1.aix-ppc64.tar.gz
-b47ac340f0b072943fed1f558a26eb260cc23bd21b8af175582e9103141d465b  go1.22.6.darwin-amd64.pkg
+dd9e772686ed908bcff94b6144322d4e2473a7dcd7c696b7e8b6d12f23c887fd  go1.23.1.darwin-amd64.pkg
-9c3c0124b01b5365f73a1489649f78f971ecf84844ad9ca58fde133096ddb61b  go1.22.6.darwin-amd64.tar.gz
+488d9e4ca3e3ed513ee4edd91bef3a2360c65fa6d6be59cf79640bf840130a58  go1.23.1.darwin-amd64.tar.gz
-14d0355ec1c0eeb213a16efa8635fac1f16067ef78a8173abf9a8c7b805e551e  go1.22.6.darwin-arm64.pkg
+be34b488157ec69d94e26e1554558219a2c90789bcb7e3686965a7f9c8cfcbe7  go1.23.1.darwin-arm64.pkg
-ebac39fd44fc22feed1bb519af431c84c55776e39b30f4fd62930da9c0cfd1e3  go1.22.6.darwin-arm64.tar.gz
+e223795ca340e285a760a6446ce57a74500b30e57469a4109961d36184d3c05a  go1.23.1.darwin-arm64.tar.gz
-3695b10c722a4920c8a736284f8820c142e1e752f3a87f797a45c64366f7a173  go1.22.6.dragonfly-amd64.tar.gz
+6af626176923a6ae6c5de6dc1c864f38365793c0e4ecd0d6eab847bdc23953e5  go1.23.1.dragonfly-amd64.tar.gz
-a9b9570c80294a664d50b566d6bd1aa42465997d2d76a57936b32f55f5c69c63  go1.22.6.freebsd-386.tar.gz
+cc957c1a019702e6cdc2e257202d42799011ebc1968b6c3bcd6b1965952607d5  go1.23.1.freebsd-386.tar.gz
-424a5618406800365fe3ad96a795fb55ce394bea3ff48eaf56d292bf7a916d1e  go1.22.6.freebsd-amd64.tar.gz
+a7d57781c50bb80886a8f04066791956d45aa3eea0f83070c5268b6223afb2ff  go1.23.1.freebsd-amd64.tar.gz
-e0dce3a6dbe8e7e054d329dd4cb403935c63c0f7e22e693077aa60e12018b883  go1.22.6.freebsd-arm.tar.gz
+c7b09f3fef456048e596db9bea746eb66796aeb82885622b0388feee18f36a3e  go1.23.1.freebsd-arm.tar.gz
-34930b01f58889c71f7a78c51c6c3bd2ce289ac7862c76dab691303cfa935fd1  go1.22.6.freebsd-arm64.tar.gz
+b05cd6a77995a0c8439d88df124811c725fb78b942d0b6dd1643529d7ba62f1f  go1.23.1.freebsd-arm64.tar.gz
-4c9d630e55d4d600a5b4297e59620c3bdfe63a441981682b3638e2fdda228a44  go1.22.6.freebsd-riscv64.tar.gz
+56236ae70be1613f2915943b94f53c96be5bffc0719314078facd778a89bc57e  go1.23.1.freebsd-riscv64.tar.gz
-9ed63feaf2ef56c56f1cf0d9d3fab4006efd22a38e2f1f5252e95c6ac09332f3  go1.22.6.illumos-amd64.tar.gz
+8644c52df4e831202114fd67c9fcaf1f7233ad27bf945ac53fa7217cf1a0349f  go1.23.1.illumos-amd64.tar.gz
-9e680027b058beab10ce5938607660964b6d2c564bf50bdb01aa090dc5beda98  go1.22.6.linux-386.tar.gz
+cdee2f4e2efa001f7ee75c90f2efc310b63346cfbba7b549987e9139527c6b17  go1.23.1.linux-386.tar.gz
-999805bed7d9039ec3da1a53bfbcafc13e367da52aa823cb60b68ba22d44c616  go1.22.6.linux-amd64.tar.gz
+49bbb517cfa9eee677e1e7897f7cf9cfdbcf49e05f61984a2789136de359f9bd  go1.23.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
-c15fa895341b8eaf7f219fada25c36a610eb042985dc1a912410c1c90098eaf2  go1.22.6.linux-arm64.tar.gz
+faec7f7f8ae53fda0f3d408f52182d942cc89ef5b7d3d9f23ff117437d4b2d2f  go1.23.1.linux-arm64.tar.gz
-b566484fe89a54c525dd1a4cbfec903c1f6e8f0b7b3dbaf94c79bc9145391083  go1.22.6.linux-armv6l.tar.gz
+6c7832c7dcd8fb6d4eb308f672a725393403c74ee7be1aeccd8a443015df99de  go1.23.1.linux-armv6l.tar.gz
-1ee6e1896aea856142d2af7045cea118995b39404aa61afd12677d023d47ee69  go1.22.6.linux-loong64.tar.gz
+649ce3856ddc808c00b14a46232eab0bf95e7911cdf497010b17d76656f5ca4e  go1.23.1.linux-loong64.tar.gz
-fdd0e1a3e178f9bc79adf6ff1e3de4554ce581b4c468fd6e113c43fbbbe1eec6  go1.22.6.linux-mips.tar.gz
+201911048f234e5a0c51ec94b1a11d4e47062fee4398b1d2faa6c820dc026724  go1.23.1.linux-mips.tar.gz
-d3e5a621fc5a07759e503a971af0b28ded6a7d6f5604ab511f51f930a18dd3e4  go1.22.6.linux-mips64.tar.gz
+2bce3743df463915e45d2612f9476ffb03d0b3750b1cb3879347de08715b5fc6  go1.23.1.linux-mips64.tar.gz
-01547606c5b5c1b0e5587b3afd65172860d2f4755e523785832905759ecce2d7  go1.22.6.linux-mips64le.tar.gz
+54e301f266e33431b0703136e0bbd4cf02461b1ecedd37b7cbd90cb862a98e5f  go1.23.1.linux-mips64le.tar.gz
-2cd771416ae03c11240cfdb551d66ab9a941077664f3727b966f94386c23b0fa  go1.22.6.linux-mipsle.tar.gz
+8efd495e93d17408c0803595cdc3bf13cb28e0f957aeabd9cc18245fb8e64019  go1.23.1.linux-mipsle.tar.gz
-6ef61d517777925e6bdb0321ea42d5f60acc20c1314dd902b9d0bfa3a5fd4fca  go1.22.6.linux-ppc64.tar.gz
+52bd68689095831ad9af7160844c23b28bb8d0acd268de7e300ff5f0662b7a07  go1.23.1.linux-ppc64.tar.gz
-9d99fce3f6f72a76630fe91ec0884dfe3db828def4713368424900fa98bb2bd6  go1.22.6.linux-ppc64le.tar.gz
+042888cae54b5fbfd9dd1e3b6bc4a5134879777fe6497fc4c62ec394b5ecf2da  go1.23.1.linux-ppc64le.tar.gz
-30be9c9b9cc4f044d4da9a33ee601ab7b3aff4246107d323a79e08888710754e  go1.22.6.linux-riscv64.tar.gz
+1a4a609f0391bea202d9095453cbfaf7368fa88a04c206bf9dd715a738664dc3  go1.23.1.linux-riscv64.tar.gz
-82f3bae3ddb4ede45b848db48c5486fadb58551e74507bda45484257e7194a95  go1.22.6.linux-s390x.tar.gz
+47dc49ad45c45e192efa0df7dc7bc5403f5f2d15b5d0dc74ef3018154b616f4d  go1.23.1.linux-s390x.tar.gz
-85b2eb9d40a930bd3e75d0096a6eb5847aac86c5085e6d13a5845e9ef03f8d4b  go1.22.6.netbsd-386.tar.gz
+fbfbd5efa6a5d581ea7f5e65015f927db0e52135cab057e43d39d5482da54b61  go1.23.1.netbsd-386.tar.gz
-6e9acbdc34fb2a942d547c47c9c1989bb6e32b4a37d57fb312499e2bb33b46b7  go1.22.6.netbsd-amd64.tar.gz
+e96e1cc5cf36113ee6099d1a7306b22cd9c3f975a36bdff954c59f104f22b853  go1.23.1.netbsd-amd64.tar.gz
-e6eff3cf0038f2a9b0c9e01e228577a783bddcd8051222a3d949e24ee392e769  go1.22.6.netbsd-arm.tar.gz
+c394dfc06bfc276a591209a37e09cd39089ec9a9cc3db30b94814ce2e39eb1d4  go1.23.1.netbsd-arm.tar.gz
-43a7e2ba22da700b844f7561e3dd5434540ed6c9781be2e9c42e8a8cbf558f8e  go1.22.6.netbsd-arm64.tar.gz
+b3b35d64f32821a68b3e2994032dbefb81978f2ec3f218c7a770623b82d36b8e  go1.23.1.netbsd-arm64.tar.gz
-a90b758ccb45d8a17af8e140fafa1e97607de5a7ecd53a4c55f69258bfb043d0  go1.22.6.openbsd-386.tar.gz
+3c775c4c16c182e33c2c4ac090d9a247a93b3fb18a3df01d87d490f29599faff  go1.23.1.openbsd-386.tar.gz
-cc13436c4a644e55bedcea65981eb80ca8317b39b129f5563ab3b6da1391bd47  go1.22.6.openbsd-amd64.tar.gz
+5edbe53b47c57b32707fd7154536fbe9eaa79053fea01650c93b54cdba13fc0f  go1.23.1.openbsd-amd64.tar.gz
-aee34f61ba2b0a8f2618f5c7065e20da7714ce7651680509eda30728fe01ee88  go1.22.6.openbsd-arm.tar.gz
+c30903dd8fa98b8aca8e9db0962ce9f55502aed93e0ef41e5ae148aaa0088de1  go1.23.1.openbsd-arm.tar.gz
-c67d57daf8baada93c69c8fb02401270cd33159730b1f2d70d9e724ba1a918cf  go1.22.6.openbsd-arm64.tar.gz
+12da183489e58f9c6b357bc1b626f85ed7d4220cab31a49d6a49e6ac6a718b67  go1.23.1.openbsd-arm64.tar.gz
-03e1f96002e94a6b381bcf66a0a62b9d5f63148682a780d727840ad540185c7c  go1.22.6.openbsd-ppc64.tar.gz
+9cc9aad37696a4a10c31dcec9e35a308de0b369dad354d54cf07406ac6fa7c6f  go1.23.1.openbsd-ppc64.tar.gz
-0ac2b5bbe2c8a293d284512630e629bf0578aaa7b7b1f39ac4ee182c7924aaad  go1.22.6.plan9-386.tar.gz
+e1d740dda062ce5a276a0c3ed7d8b6353238bc8ff405f63e2e3480bfd26a5ec5  go1.23.1.openbsd-riscv64.tar.gz
-f9afdab8a72a8d874f023f5605482cc94160843ac768dbd840e6f772d16578c7  go1.22.6.plan9-amd64.tar.gz
+da2a37f9987f01f096859230aa13ecc4ad2e7884465bce91004bc78c64435d65  go1.23.1.plan9-386.tar.gz
-4b9f01a47e6a29d57cbb3097b6770583336cef9c8f0d51d3d1451e42a851002e  go1.22.6.plan9-arm.tar.gz
+fd8fff8b0697d55c4a4d02a8dc998192b80a9dc2a057647373d6ff607cad29de  go1.23.1.plan9-amd64.tar.gz
-46c2552ac7b8d6314a52e14e0a0761aaeebdd6aba5f531de386f4cf2b66ec723  go1.22.6.solaris-amd64.tar.gz
+52efbc5804c1c86ba7868aa8ebbc31cc8c2a27b62a60fd57944970d48fc67525  go1.23.1.plan9-arm.tar.gz
-a57821dab76af1ef7a6b62db1628f0caa74343e0c7cb829df9ce8ea0713a3e8e  go1.22.6.windows-386.msi
+f54205f21e2143f2ada1bf1c00ddf64590f5139d5c3fb77cc06175f0d8cc7567  go1.23.1.solaris-amd64.tar.gz
-eb734bacc9aabca1273b61dd392bb84a9bb33783f5e2fff2cd6ab9885bbefbe6  go1.22.6.windows-386.zip
+369a17f0cfd29e5c848e58ffe0d772da20abe334d1c7ca01dbcd55bb3db0b440  go1.23.1.windows-386.msi
-1238a3e6892eb8a0eb3fe0640e18ab82ca21cc1a933f16897b2ad081f057b5da  go1.22.6.windows-amd64.msi
+ab866f47d7be56e6b1c67f1d529bf4c23331a339fb0785f435a0552d352cb257  go1.23.1.windows-386.zip
-6023083a6e4d3199b44c37e9ba7b25d9674da20fd846a35ee5f9589d81c21a6a  go1.22.6.windows-amd64.zip
+e99dac215ee437b9bb8f8b14bbfe0e8756882c1ed291f30818e8363bc9c047a5  go1.23.1.windows-amd64.msi
-6791218c568a3d000cb36317506541d7fd67e7cfe613baaf361ca36cad5e2cd5  go1.22.6.windows-arm.msi
+32dedf277c86610e380e1765593edb66876f00223df71690bd6be68ee17675c0  go1.23.1.windows-amd64.zip
-ee41ca83bb07c4fd46a1d6b2d083519bb8ca156fcd9db37ee711234d43126e2f  go1.22.6.windows-arm.zip
+23169c79dc6b54e0dffb25be6b67425ad9759392a58309bc057430a9bf4c8f6a  go1.23.1.windows-arm.msi
-91c6b3376612095315a0aeae4b03e3da34fabe9dfd4532d023e2a70f913cf22a  go1.22.6.windows-arm64.msi
+1a57615a09f13534f88e9f2d7efd5743535d1a5719b19e520eef965a634f8efb  go1.23.1.windows-arm.zip
-7cf55f357ba8116cd3bff992980e20a704ba451b3dab341cf1787b133d900512  go1.22.6.windows-arm64.zip
+313e1a543931ad8735b4df8969e00f5f4c2ef07be21f54015ede961a70263d35  go1.23.1.windows-arm64.msi
+64ad0954d2c33f556fb1018d62de091254aa6e3a94f1c8a8b16af0d3701d194e  go1.23.1.windows-arm64.zip
 
 # version:golangci 1.59.0
 # https://github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/releases/

build/ci.go

@@ -126,8 +126,6 @@ var (
 		"focal",  // 20.04, EOL: 04/2030
 		"jammy",  // 22.04, EOL: 04/2032
 		"noble",  // 24.04, EOL: 04/2034
-
-		"mantic", // 23.10, EOL: 07/2024
 	}
 
 	// This is where the tests should be unpacked.
@@ -239,6 +237,10 @@ func doInstall(cmdline []string) {
 // buildFlags returns the go tool flags for building.
 func buildFlags(env build.Environment, staticLinking bool, buildTags []string) (flags []string) {
 	var ld []string
+	// See https://github.com/golang/go/issues/33772#issuecomment-528176001
+	// We need to set --buildid to the linker here, and also pass --build-id to the
+	// cgo-linker further down.
+	ld = append(ld, "--buildid=none")
 	if env.Commit != "" {
 		ld = append(ld, "-X", "github.com/maticnetwork/bor/internal/version.gitCommit="+env.Commit)
 		ld = append(ld, "-X", "github.com/maticnetwork/bor/internal/version.gitDate="+env.Date)
@@ -251,7 +253,11 @@ func buildFlags(env build.Environment, staticLinking bool, buildTags []string) (
 	if runtime.GOOS == "linux" {
 		// Enforce the stacksize to 8M, which is the case on most platforms apart from
 		// alpine Linux.
-		extld := []string{"-Wl,-z,stack-size=0x800000"}
+		// See https://sourceware.org/binutils/docs-2.23.1/ld/Options.html#Options
+		// regarding the options --build-id=none and --strip-all. It is needed for
+		// reproducible builds; removing references to temporary files in C-land, and
+		// making build-id reproducably absent.
+		extld := []string{"-Wl,-z,stack-size=0x800000,--build-id=none,--strip-all"}
 		if staticLinking {
 			extld = append(extld, "-static")
 			// Under static linking, use of certain glibc features must be
@@ -298,7 +304,7 @@ func doTest(cmdline []string) {
 	gotest := tc.Go("test")
 
 	// CI needs a bit more time for the statetests (default 10m).
-	gotest.Args = append(gotest.Args, "-timeout=20m")
+	gotest.Args = append(gotest.Args, "-timeout=30m")
 
 	// Enable CKZG backend in CI.
 	gotest.Args = append(gotest.Args, "-tags=ckzg")
@@ -349,10 +355,10 @@ func downloadSpecTestFixtures(csdb *build.ChecksumDB, cachedir string) string {
 	return filepath.Join(cachedir, base)
 }
 
-// hashSourceFiles iterates all files under the top-level project directory
+// hashAllSourceFiles iterates all files under the top-level project directory
 // computing the hash of each file (excluding files within the tests
 // subrepo)
-func hashSourceFiles() (map[string]common.Hash, error) {
+func hashAllSourceFiles() (map[string]common.Hash, error) {
 	res := make(map[string]common.Hash)
 	err := filepath.WalkDir(".", func(path string, d os.DirEntry, err error) error {
 		if strings.HasPrefix(path, filepath.FromSlash("tests/testdata")) {
@@ -379,6 +385,56 @@ func hashSourceFiles() (map[string]common.Hash, error) {
 	return res, nil
 }
 
+// hashSourceFiles iterates the provided set of filepaths (relative to the top-level geth project directory)
+// computing the hash of each file.
+func hashSourceFiles(files []string) (map[string]common.Hash, error) {
+	res := make(map[string]common.Hash)
+	for _, filePath := range files {
+		f, err := os.OpenFile(filePath, os.O_RDONLY, 0666)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		hasher := sha256.New()
+		if _, err := io.Copy(hasher, f); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		res[filePath] = common.Hash(hasher.Sum(nil))
+	}
+	return res, nil
+}
+
+// compareHashedFilesets compares two maps (key is relative file path to top-level geth directory, value is its hash)
+// and returns the list of file paths whose hashes differed.
+func compareHashedFilesets(preHashes map[string]common.Hash, postHashes map[string]common.Hash) []string {
+	updates := []string{}
+	for path, postHash := range postHashes {
+		preHash, ok := preHashes[path]
+		if !ok || preHash != postHash {
+			updates = append(updates, path)
+		}
+	}
+	return updates
+}
+
+func doGoModTidy() {
+	targetFiles := []string{"go.mod", "go.sum"}
+	preHashes, err := hashSourceFiles(targetFiles)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal("failed to hash go.mod/go.sum", "err", err)
+	}
+	tc := new(build.GoToolchain)
+	c := tc.Go("mod", "tidy")
+	build.MustRun(c)
+	postHashes, err := hashSourceFiles(targetFiles)
+	updates := compareHashedFilesets(preHashes, postHashes)
+	for _, updatedFile := range updates {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "changed file %s\n", updatedFile)
+	}
+	if len(updates) != 0 {
+		log.Fatal("go.sum and/or go.mod were updated by running 'go mod tidy'")
+	}
+}
+
 // doGenerate ensures that re-generating generated files does not cause
 // any mutations in the source file tree:  i.e. all generated files were
 // updated and committed.  Any stale generated files are updated.
@@ -395,7 +451,7 @@ func doGenerate() {
 	var preHashes map[string]common.Hash
 	if *verify {
 		var err error
-		preHashes, err = hashSourceFiles()
+		preHashes, err = hashAllSourceFiles()
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Fatal("failed to compute map of source hashes", "err", err)
 		}
@@ -410,17 +466,11 @@ func doGenerate() {
 		return
 	}
 	// Check if files were changed.
-	postHashes, err := hashSourceFiles()
+	postHashes, err := hashAllSourceFiles()
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatal("error computing source tree file hashes", "err", err)
 	}
-	updates := []string{}
+	updates := compareHashedFilesets(preHashes, postHashes)
-	for path, postHash := range postHashes {
-		preHash, ok := preHashes[path]
-		if !ok || preHash != postHash {
-			updates = append(updates, path)
-		}
-	}
 	for _, updatedFile := range updates {
 		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "changed file %s\n", updatedFile)
 	}
@@ -443,6 +493,8 @@ func doLint(cmdline []string) {
 	linter := downloadLinter(*cachedir)
 	lflags := []string{"run", "--config", ".golangci.yml"}
 	build.MustRunCommandWithOutput(linter, append(lflags, packages...)...)
+
+	doGoModTidy()
 	fmt.Println("You have achieved perfection.")
 }
 

builder/files/config.toml

@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ chain = "mainnet"
 # vmdebug = false
 datadir = "/var/lib/bor/data"
 # ancient = ""
-# "db.engine" = "leveldb"
+# "db.engine" = "pebble"
+# "state.scheme" = "path"
 # keystore = "/var/lib/bor/keystore"
 # "rpc.batchlimit" = 100
 # "rpc.returndatalimit" = 100000

cmd/blsync/main.go

@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@ func main() {
 		//TODO datadir for optional permanent database
 		utils.MainnetFlag,
 		utils.SepoliaFlag,
-		utils.GoerliFlag,
 		utils.BlsyncApiFlag,
 		utils.BlsyncJWTSecretFlag,
 	},

cmd/clef/README.md

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ GLOBAL OPTIONS:
    --loglevel value        log level to emit to the screen (default: 4)
    --keystore value        Directory for the keystore (default: "$HOME/.ethereum/keystore")
    --configdir value       Directory for Clef configuration (default: "$HOME/.clef")
-   --chainid value         Chain id to use for signing (1=mainnet, 5=Goerli) (default: 1)
+   --chainid value         Chain id to use for signing (1=mainnet, 17000=Holesky) (default: 1)
    --lightkdf              Reduce key-derivation RAM & CPU usage at some expense of KDF strength
    --nousb                 Disables monitoring for and managing USB hardware wallets
    --pcscdpath value       Path to the smartcard daemon (pcscd) socket file (default: "/run/pcscd/pcscd.comm")

cmd/clef/main.go

@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ var (
 	chainIdFlag = &cli.Int64Flag{
 		Name:  "chainid",
 		Value: params.MainnetChainConfig.ChainID.Int64(),
-		Usage: "Chain id to use for signing (1=mainnet, 5=Goerli)",
+		Usage: "Chain id to use for signing (1=mainnet, 17000=Holesky)",
 	}
 	rpcPortFlag = &cli.IntFlag{
 		Name:     "http.port",

cmd/devp2p/README.md

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ set to standard output. The following filters are supported:
 - `-limit <N>` limits the output set to N entries, taking the top N nodes by score
 - `-ip <CIDR>` filters nodes by IP subnet
 - `-min-age <duration>` filters nodes by 'first seen' time
-- `-eth-network <mainnet/goerli/sepolia/holesky>` filters nodes by "eth" ENR entry
+- `-eth-network <mainnet/sepolia/holesky>` filters nodes by "eth" ENR entry
 - `-les-server` filters nodes by LES server support
 - `-snap` filters nodes by snap protocol support
 

cmd/devp2p/dns_cloudflare.go

@@ -98,8 +98,8 @@ func (c *cloudflareClient) checkZone(name string) error {
 	if !strings.HasSuffix(name, "."+zone.Name) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("CloudFlare zone name %q does not match name %q to be deployed", zone.Name, name)
 	}
-
+	// Necessary permissions for Cloudlare management - Zone:Read, DNS:Read, Zone:Edit, DNS:Edit
-	needPerms := map[string]bool{"#zone:edit": false, "#zone:read": false}
+	needPerms := map[string]bool{"#zone:edit": false, "#zone:read": false, "#dns_records:read": false, "#dns_records:edit": false}
 	for _, perm := range zone.Permissions {
 		if _, ok := needPerms[perm]; ok {
 			needPerms[perm] = true

cmd/devp2p/nodesetcmd.go

@@ -259,8 +259,6 @@ func ethFilter(args []string) (nodeFilter, error) {
 	switch args[0] {
 	case "mainnet":
 		filter = forkid.NewStaticFilter(params.MainnetChainConfig, core.DefaultGenesisBlock().ToBlock())
-	case "goerli":
-		filter = forkid.NewStaticFilter(params.GoerliChainConfig, core.DefaultGoerliGenesisBlock().ToBlock())
 	case "sepolia":
 		filter = forkid.NewStaticFilter(params.SepoliaChainConfig, core.DefaultSepoliaGenesisBlock().ToBlock())
 	case "bor-mumbai":

cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool/execution.go

@@ -66,6 +66,8 @@ type ExecutionResult struct {
 	WithdrawalsRoot      *common.Hash          `json:"withdrawalsRoot,omitempty"`
 	CurrentExcessBlobGas *math.HexOrDecimal64  `json:"currentExcessBlobGas,omitempty"`
 	CurrentBlobGasUsed   *math.HexOrDecimal64  `json:"blobGasUsed,omitempty"`
+	RequestsHash         *common.Hash          `json:"requestsRoot,omitempty"`
+	DepositRequests      *types.Deposits       `json:"depositRequests,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type ommer struct {
@@ -201,7 +203,14 @@ func (pre *Prestate) Apply(vmConfig vm.Config, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig,
 		evm := vm.NewEVM(vmContext, vm.TxContext{}, statedb, chainConfig, vmConfig)
 		core.ProcessBeaconBlockRoot(*beaconRoot, evm, statedb)
 	}
-
+	if pre.Env.BlockHashes != nil && chainConfig.IsPrague(new(big.Int).SetUint64(pre.Env.Number)) {
+		var (
+			prevNumber = pre.Env.Number - 1
+			prevHash   = pre.Env.BlockHashes[math.HexOrDecimal64(prevNumber)]
+			evm        = vm.NewEVM(vmContext, vm.TxContext{}, statedb, chainConfig, vmConfig)
+		)
+		core.ProcessParentBlockHash(prevHash, evm, statedb)
+	}
 	for i := 0; txIt.Next(); i++ {
 		tx, err := txIt.Tx()
 		if err != nil {
@@ -253,7 +262,7 @@ func (pre *Prestate) Apply(vmConfig vm.Config, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig,
 			tracer.OnTxStart(evm.GetVMContext(), tx, msg.From)
 		}
 		// (ret []byte, usedGas uint64, failed bool, err error)
-		msgResult, err := core.ApplyMessage(evm, msg, gaspool, nil)
+		msgResult, err := core.ApplyMessage(evm, msg, gaspool)
 		if err != nil {
 			statedb.RevertToSnapshot(snapshot)
 			log.Info("rejected tx", "index", i, "hash", tx.Hash(), "from", msg.From, "error", err)
@@ -385,9 +394,31 @@ func (pre *Prestate) Apply(vmConfig vm.Config, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig,
 		execRs.CurrentExcessBlobGas = (*math.HexOrDecimal64)(&excessBlobGas)
 		execRs.CurrentBlobGasUsed = (*math.HexOrDecimal64)(&blobGasUsed)
 	}
+	if chainConfig.IsPrague(vmContext.BlockNumber) {
+		// Parse the requests from the logs
+		var allLogs []*types.Log
+		for _, receipt := range receipts {
+			allLogs = append(allLogs, receipt.Logs...)
+		}
+		requests, err := core.ParseDepositLogs(allLogs, chainConfig)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, nil, NewError(ErrorEVM, fmt.Errorf("could not parse requests logs: %v", err))
+		}
+		// Calculate the requests root
+		h := types.DeriveSha(requests, trie.NewStackTrie(nil))
+		execRs.RequestsHash = &h
+		// Get the deposits from the requests
+		deposits := make(types.Deposits, 0)
+		for _, req := range requests {
+			if dep, ok := req.Inner().(*types.Deposit); ok {
+				deposits = append(deposits, dep)
+			}
+		}
+		execRs.DepositRequests = &deposits
+	}
 	// Re-create statedb instance with new root upon the updated database
 	// for accessing latest states.
-	statedb, err = state.New(root, statedb.Database(), nil)
+	statedb, err = state.New(root, statedb.Database())
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, nil, NewError(ErrorEVM, fmt.Errorf("could not reopen state: %v", err))
 	}
@@ -396,8 +427,9 @@ func (pre *Prestate) Apply(vmConfig vm.Config, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig,
 }
 
 func MakePreState(db ethdb.Database, accounts types.GenesisAlloc) *state.StateDB {
-	sdb := state.NewDatabaseWithConfig(db, &triedb.Config{Preimages: true})
+	tdb := triedb.NewDatabase(db, &triedb.Config{Preimages: true})
-	statedb, _ := state.New(types.EmptyRootHash, sdb, nil)
+	sdb := state.NewDatabase(tdb, nil)
+	statedb, _ := state.New(types.EmptyRootHash, sdb)
 	for addr, a := range accounts {
 		statedb.SetCode(addr, a.Code)
 		statedb.SetNonce(addr, a.Nonce)
@@ -408,8 +440,7 @@ func MakePreState(db ethdb.Database, accounts types.GenesisAlloc) *state.StateDB
 	}
 	// Commit and re-open to start with a clean state.
 	root, _ := statedb.Commit(0, false)
-	statedb, _ = state.New(root, sdb, nil)
+	statedb, _ = state.New(root, sdb)
-
 	return statedb
 }
 

cmd/evm/runner.go

@@ -163,8 +163,8 @@ func runCmd(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	})
 	defer triedb.Close()
 	genesis := genesisConfig.MustCommit(db, triedb)
-	sdb := state.NewDatabaseWithNodeDB(db, triedb)
+	sdb := state.NewDatabase(triedb, nil)
-	statedb, _ = state.New(genesis.Root(), sdb, nil)
+	statedb, _ = state.New(genesis.Root(), sdb)
 	chainConfig = genesisConfig.Config
 
 	if ctx.String(SenderFlag.Name) != "" {
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ func runCmd(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 			fmt.Printf("Failed to commit changes %v\n", err)
 			return err
 		}
-		dumpdb, err := state.New(root, sdb, nil)
+		dumpdb, err := state.New(root, sdb)
 		if err != nil {
 			fmt.Printf("Failed to open statedb %v\n", err)
 			return err

cmd/evm/staterunner.go

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ func runStateTest(fname string, cfg vm.Config, dump bool) error {
 					result.Root = &root
 					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "{\"stateRoot\": \"%#x\"}\n", root)
 					if dump { // Dump any state to aid debugging
-						cpy, _ := state.New(root, tstate.StateDB.Database(), nil)
+						cpy, _ := state.New(root, tstate.StateDB.Database())
 						dump := cpy.RawDump(nil)
 						result.State = &dump
 					}

cmd/geth/chaincmd.go

@@ -451,8 +451,6 @@ func importHistory(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 			network = "mainnet"
 		case ctx.Bool(utils.SepoliaFlag.Name):
 			network = "sepolia"
-		case ctx.Bool(utils.GoerliFlag.Name):
-			network = "goerli"
 		}
 	} else {
 		// No network flag set, try to determine network based on files
@@ -625,7 +623,7 @@ func dump(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	triedb := utils.MakeTrieDatabase(ctx, db, true, true, false) // always enable preimage lookup
 	defer triedb.Close()
 
-	state, err := state.New(root, state.NewDatabaseWithNodeDB(db, triedb), nil)
+	state, err := state.New(root, state.NewDatabase(triedb, nil))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

cmd/geth/config.go

@@ -79,8 +79,8 @@ var tomlSettings = toml.Config{
 	},
 	MissingField: func(rt reflect.Type, field string) error {
 		id := fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s", rt.String(), field)
-		if deprecated(id) {
+		if deprecatedConfigFields[id] {
-			log.Warn("Config field is deprecated and won't have an effect", "name", id)
+			log.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("Config field '%s' is deprecated and won't have any effect.", id))
 			return nil
 		}
 		var link string
@@ -91,6 +91,19 @@ var tomlSettings = toml.Config{
 	},
 }
 
+var deprecatedConfigFields = map[string]bool{
+	"ethconfig.Config.EVMInterpreter":          true,
+	"ethconfig.Config.EWASMInterpreter":        true,
+	"ethconfig.Config.TrieCleanCacheJournal":   true,
+	"ethconfig.Config.TrieCleanCacheRejournal": true,
+	"ethconfig.Config.LightServ":               true,
+	"ethconfig.Config.LightIngress":            true,
+	"ethconfig.Config.LightEgress":             true,
+	"ethconfig.Config.LightPeers":              true,
+	"ethconfig.Config.LightNoPrune":            true,
+	"ethconfig.Config.LightNoSyncServe":        true,
+}
+
 type ethstatsConfig struct {
 	URL string `toml:",omitempty"`
 }
@@ -335,21 +348,6 @@ func applyMetricConfig(ctx *cli.Context, cfg *gethConfig) {
 	}
 }
 
-func deprecated(field string) bool {
-	switch field {
-	case "ethconfig.Config.EVMInterpreter":
-		return true
-	case "ethconfig.Config.EWASMInterpreter":
-		return true
-	case "ethconfig.Config.TrieCleanCacheJournal":
-		return true
-	case "ethconfig.Config.TrieCleanCacheRejournal":
-		return true
-	default:
-		return false
-	}
-}
-
 func setAccountManagerBackends(conf *node.Config, am *accounts.Manager, keydir string) error {
 	scryptN := keystore.StandardScryptN
 	scryptP := keystore.StandardScryptP

cmd/geth/consolecmd.go

@@ -129,9 +129,7 @@ func remoteConsole(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		}
 
 		if path != "" {
-			if ctx.Bool(utils.GoerliFlag.Name) {
+			if ctx.Bool(utils.MumbaiFlag.Name) || ctx.Bool(utils.AmoyFlag.Name) || ctx.Bool(utils.BorMainnetFlag.Name) {
-				path = filepath.Join(path, "goerli")
-			} else if ctx.Bool(utils.MumbaiFlag.Name) || ctx.Bool(utils.AmoyFlag.Name) || ctx.Bool(utils.BorMainnetFlag.Name) {
 				homeDir, _ := os.UserHomeDir()
 				path = filepath.Join(homeDir, "/.bor/data")
 			} else if ctx.Bool(utils.SepoliaFlag.Name) {

cmd/geth/consolecmd_test.go

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
-	ipcAPIs  = "admin:1.0 bor:1.0 clique:1.0 debug:1.0 engine:1.0 eth:1.0 miner:1.0 net:1.0 rpc:1.0 txpool:1.0 web3:1.0"
+	ipcAPIs  = "admin:1.0 bor:1.0 debug:1.0 engine:1.0 eth:1.0 miner:1.0 net:1.0 rpc:1.0 txpool:1.0 web3:1.0"
 	httpAPIs = "eth:1.0 net:1.0 rpc:1.0 web3:1.0"
 )
 
@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@ const (
 // memory and disk IO. If the args don't set --datadir, the
 // child g gets a temporary data directory.
 func runMinimalGeth(t *testing.T, args ...string) *testgeth {
-	// --goerli to make the 'writing genesis to disk' faster (no accounts)
+	// --holesky to make the 'writing genesis to disk' faster (no accounts)
 	// --networkid=1337 to avoid cache bump
 	// --syncmode=full to avoid allocating fast sync bloom
-	allArgs := []string{"--goerli", "--networkid", "1337", "--authrpc.port", "0", "--syncmode=full", "--port", "0",
+	allArgs := []string{"--holesky", "--networkid", "1337", "--authrpc.port", "0", "--syncmode=full", "--port", "0",
 		"--nat", "none", "--nodiscover", "--maxpeers", "0", "--cache", "64",
 		"--datadir.minfreedisk", "0"}
 
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ func TestConsoleWelcome(t *testing.T) {
 	geth.SetTemplateFunc("gover", runtime.Version)
 	geth.SetTemplateFunc("gethver", func() string { return params.VersionWithCommit("", "") })
 	geth.SetTemplateFunc("niltime", func() string {
-		return time.Unix(1548854791, 0).Format("Mon Jan 02 2006 15:04:05 GMT-0700 (MST)")
+		return time.Unix(1695902100, 0).Format("Mon Jan 02 2006 15:04:05 GMT-0700 (MST)")
 	})
 	geth.SetTemplateFunc("apis", func() string { return ipcAPIs })
 
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ func testAttachWelcome(t *testing.T, geth *testgeth, endpoint, apis string) {
 	attach.SetTemplateFunc("gover", runtime.Version)
 	attach.SetTemplateFunc("gethver", func() string { return params.VersionWithCommit("", "") })
 	attach.SetTemplateFunc("niltime", func() string {
-		return time.Unix(1548854791, 0).Format("Mon Jan 02 2006 15:04:05 GMT-0700 (MST)")
+		return time.Unix(1695902100, 0).Format("Mon Jan 02 2006 15:04:05 GMT-0700 (MST)")
 	})
 	attach.SetTemplateFunc("ipc", func() bool { return strings.HasPrefix(endpoint, "ipc") })
 	attach.SetTemplateFunc("datadir", func() string { return geth.Datadir })

cmd/geth/main.go

@@ -164,7 +164,6 @@ var (
 		utils.BeaconGenesisRootFlag,
 		utils.BeaconGenesisTimeFlag,
 		utils.BeaconCheckpointFlag,
-		utils.CollectWitnessFlag,
 	}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags)
 
 	rpcFlags = []cli.Flag{
@@ -299,9 +298,6 @@ func main() {
 func prepare(ctx *cli.Context) {
 	// If we're running a known preset, log it for convenience.
 	switch {
-	case ctx.IsSet(utils.GoerliFlag.Name):
-		log.Info("Starting Geth on Görli testnet...")
-
 	case ctx.IsSet(utils.SepoliaFlag.Name):
 		log.Info("Starting Geth on Sepolia testnet...")
 
@@ -339,8 +335,8 @@ func prepare(ctx *cli.Context) {
 	if !ctx.IsSet(utils.CacheFlag.Name) && !ctx.IsSet(utils.NetworkIdFlag.Name) {
 		// Make sure we're not on any supported preconfigured testnet either
 		if !ctx.IsSet(utils.SepoliaFlag.Name) &&
-			!ctx.IsSet(utils.GoerliFlag.Name) &&
 			!ctx.IsSet(utils.MumbaiFlag.Name) &&
+			!ctx.IsSet(utils.HoleskyFlag.Name) &&
 			!ctx.IsSet(utils.AmoyFlag.Name) &&
 			!ctx.IsSet(utils.DeveloperFlag.Name) {
 			// Nope, we're really on mainnet. Bump that cache up!

cmd/utils/flags.go

@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ var (
 	}
 	NetworkIdFlag = &cli.Uint64Flag{
 		Name:     "networkid",
-		Usage:    "Explicitly set network id (integer)(For testnets: use --goerli, --sepolia, --holesky instead)",
+		Usage:    "Explicitly set network id (integer)(For testnets: use --sepolia, --holesky instead)",
 		Value:    ethconfig.Defaults.NetworkId,
 		Category: flags.EthCategory,
 	}
@@ -144,11 +144,6 @@ var (
 		Usage:    "Ethereum mainnet",
 		Category: flags.EthCategory,
 	}
-	GoerliFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
-		Name:     "goerli",
-		Usage:    "Görli network: pre-configured proof-of-authority test network",
-		Category: flags.EthCategory,
-	}
 	SepoliaFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
 		Name:     "sepolia",
 		Usage:    "Sepolia network: pre-configured proof-of-work test network",
@@ -644,11 +639,6 @@ var (
 		Usage:    "Disables db compaction after import",
 		Category: flags.LoggingCategory,
 	}
-	CollectWitnessFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
-		Name:     "collectwitness",
-		Usage:    "Enable state witness generation during block execution. Work in progress flag, don't use.",
-		Category: flags.MiscCategory,
-	}
 
 	// MISC settings
 	SyncTargetFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
@@ -851,8 +841,9 @@ var (
 	DiscoveryV5Flag = &cli.BoolFlag{
 		Name:     "discovery.v5",
 		Aliases:  []string{"discv5"},
-		Usage:    "Enables the experimental RLPx V5 (Topic Discovery) mechanism",
+		Usage:    "Enables the V5 discovery mechanism",
 		Category: flags.NetworkingCategory,
+		Value:    true,
 	}
 	NetrestrictFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
 		Name:     "netrestrict",
@@ -1004,7 +995,6 @@ Please note that --` + MetricsHTTPFlag.Name + ` must be set to start the server.
 var (
 	// TestnetFlags is the flag group of all built-in supported testnets.
 	TestnetFlags = []cli.Flag{
-		GoerliFlag,
 		SepoliaFlag,
 	}
 	// NetworkFlags is the flag group of all built-in supported networks.
@@ -1026,10 +1016,6 @@ var (
 // then a subdirectory of the specified datadir will be used.
 func MakeDataDir(ctx *cli.Context) string {
 	if path := ctx.String(DataDirFlag.Name); path != "" {
-		if ctx.Bool(GoerliFlag.Name) {
-			return filepath.Join(path, "goerli")
-		}
-
 		if ctx.Bool(SepoliaFlag.Name) {
 			return filepath.Join(path, "sepolia")
 		}
@@ -1083,7 +1069,7 @@ func setNodeUserIdent(ctx *cli.Context, cfg *node.Config) {
 //
 // 1. --bootnodes flag
 // 2. Config file
-// 3. Network preset flags (e.g. --goerli)
+// 3. Network preset flags (e.g. --holesky)
 // 4. default to mainnet nodes
 func setBootstrapNodes(ctx *cli.Context, cfg *p2p.Config) {
 	urls := params.MainnetBootnodes
@@ -1096,8 +1082,6 @@ func setBootstrapNodes(ctx *cli.Context, cfg *p2p.Config) {
 		switch {
 		case ctx.Bool(SepoliaFlag.Name):
 			urls = params.SepoliaBootnodes
-		case ctx.Bool(GoerliFlag.Name):
-			urls = params.GoerliBootnodes
 		}
 	}
 	cfg.BootstrapNodes = mustParseBootnodes(urls)
@@ -1378,8 +1362,8 @@ func MakeAddress(ks *keystore.KeyStore, account string) (accounts.Account, error
 
 // setEtherbase retrieves the etherbase from the directly specified command line flags.
 func setEtherbase(ctx *cli.Context, cfg *ethconfig.Config) {
-	if !ctx.IsSet(MinerEtherbaseFlag.Name) {
+	if ctx.IsSet(MinerEtherbaseFlag.Name) {
-		return
+		log.Warn("Option --miner.etherbase is deprecated as the etherbase is set by the consensus client post-merge")
 	}
 
 	addr := ctx.String(MinerEtherbaseFlag.Name)
@@ -1556,8 +1540,6 @@ func SetDataDir(ctx *cli.Context, cfg *node.Config) {
 		cfg.DataDir = ctx.String(DataDirFlag.Name)
 	case ctx.Bool(DeveloperFlag.Name):
 		cfg.DataDir = "" // unless explicitly requested, use memory databases
-	case ctx.Bool(GoerliFlag.Name) && cfg.DataDir == node.DefaultDataDir():
-		cfg.DataDir = filepath.Join(node.DefaultDataDir(), "goerli")
 	case ctx.Bool(SepoliaFlag.Name) && cfg.DataDir == node.DefaultDataDir():
 		cfg.DataDir = filepath.Join(node.DefaultDataDir(), "sepolia")
 	}
@@ -1752,7 +1734,7 @@ func CheckExclusive(ctx *cli.Context, args ...interface{}) {
 // SetEthConfig applies eth-related command line flags to the config.
 func SetEthConfig(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node, cfg *ethconfig.Config) {
 	// Avoid conflicting network flags
-	CheckExclusive(ctx, MainnetFlag, DeveloperFlag, GoerliFlag, SepoliaFlag, HoleskyFlag)
+	CheckExclusive(ctx, MainnetFlag, DeveloperFlag, SepoliaFlag, HoleskyFlag)
 	CheckExclusive(ctx, DeveloperFlag, ExternalSignerFlag) // Can't use both ephemeral unlocked and external signer
 
 	// Set configurations from CLI flags
@@ -1889,9 +1871,6 @@ func SetEthConfig(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node, cfg *ethconfig.Config) {
 		// TODO(fjl): force-enable this in --dev mode
 		cfg.EnablePreimageRecording = ctx.Bool(VMEnableDebugFlag.Name)
 	}
-	if ctx.IsSet(CollectWitnessFlag.Name) {
-		cfg.EnableWitnessCollection = ctx.Bool(CollectWitnessFlag.Name)
-	}
 
 	if ctx.IsSet(RPCGlobalGasCapFlag.Name) {
 		cfg.RPCGasCap = ctx.Uint64(RPCGlobalGasCapFlag.Name)
@@ -1937,13 +1916,6 @@ func SetEthConfig(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node, cfg *ethconfig.Config) {
 
 		cfg.Genesis = core.DefaultSepoliaGenesisBlock()
 		SetDNSDiscoveryDefaults(cfg, params.SepoliaGenesisHash)
-	case ctx.Bool(GoerliFlag.Name):
-		if !ctx.IsSet(NetworkIdFlag.Name) {
-			cfg.NetworkId = 5
-		}
-
-		cfg.Genesis = core.DefaultGoerliGenesisBlock()
-		SetDNSDiscoveryDefaults(cfg, params.GoerliGenesisHash)
 	case ctx.Bool(DeveloperFlag.Name):
 		if !ctx.IsSet(NetworkIdFlag.Name) {
 			cfg.NetworkId = 1337
@@ -2290,8 +2262,6 @@ func MakeGenesis(ctx *cli.Context) *core.Genesis {
 		genesis = core.DefaultGenesisBlock()
 	case ctx.Bool(SepoliaFlag.Name):
 		genesis = core.DefaultSepoliaGenesisBlock()
-	case ctx.Bool(GoerliFlag.Name):
-		genesis = core.DefaultGoerliGenesisBlock()
 	case ctx.Bool(DeveloperFlag.Name):
 		Fatalf("Developer chains are ephemeral")
 	}
@@ -2367,7 +2337,6 @@ func MakeChain(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node, readonly bool) (*core.BlockCh
 	}
 	vmcfg := vm.Config{
 		EnablePreimageRecording: ctx.Bool(VMEnableDebugFlag.Name),
-		EnableWitnessCollection: ctx.Bool(CollectWitnessFlag.Name),
 	}
 	if ctx.IsSet(VMTraceFlag.Name) {
 		if name := ctx.String(VMTraceFlag.Name); name != "" {

cmd/utils/flags_legacy.go

@@ -92,25 +92,21 @@ var (
 	LightServeFlag = &cli.IntFlag{
 		Name:     "light.serve",
 		Usage:    "Maximum percentage of time allowed for serving LES requests (deprecated)",
-		Value:    ethconfig.Defaults.LightServ,
 		Category: flags.DeprecatedCategory,
 	}
 	LightIngressFlag = &cli.IntFlag{
 		Name:     "light.ingress",
 		Usage:    "Incoming bandwidth limit for serving light clients (deprecated)",
-		Value:    ethconfig.Defaults.LightIngress,
 		Category: flags.DeprecatedCategory,
 	}
 	LightEgressFlag = &cli.IntFlag{
 		Name:     "light.egress",
 		Usage:    "Outgoing bandwidth limit for serving light clients (deprecated)",
-		Value:    ethconfig.Defaults.LightEgress,
 		Category: flags.DeprecatedCategory,
 	}
 	LightMaxPeersFlag = &cli.IntFlag{
 		Name:     "light.maxpeers",
 		Usage:    "Maximum number of light clients to serve, or light servers to attach to (deprecated)",
-		Value:    ethconfig.Defaults.LightPeers,
 		Category: flags.DeprecatedCategory,
 	}
 	LightNoPruneFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{

consensus/beacon/consensus.go

@@ -389,8 +389,39 @@ func (beacon *Beacon) FinalizeAndAssemble(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, hea
 	// Assign the final state root to header.
 	header.Root = state.IntermediateRoot(true)
 
-	// Assemble and return the final block.
+	// Assemble the final block.
-	return types.NewBlock(header, body, receipts, trie.NewStackTrie(nil)), nil
+	block := types.NewBlock(header, body, receipts, trie.NewStackTrie(nil))
+
+	// Create the block witness and attach to block.
+	// This step needs to happen as late as possible to catch all access events.
+	if chain.Config().IsVerkle(header.Number) {
+		keys := state.AccessEvents().Keys()
+
+		// Open the pre-tree to prove the pre-state against
+		parent := chain.GetHeaderByNumber(header.Number.Uint64() - 1)
+		if parent == nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("nil parent header for block %d", header.Number)
+		}
+
+		preTrie, err := state.Database().OpenTrie(parent.Root)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("error opening pre-state tree root: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		vktPreTrie, okpre := preTrie.(*trie.VerkleTrie)
+		vktPostTrie, okpost := state.GetTrie().(*trie.VerkleTrie)
+		if okpre && okpost {
+			if len(keys) > 0 {
+				verkleProof, stateDiff, err := vktPreTrie.Proof(vktPostTrie, keys, vktPreTrie.FlatdbNodeResolver)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("error generating verkle proof for block %d: %w", header.Number, err)
+				}
+				block = block.WithWitness(&types.ExecutionWitness{StateDiff: stateDiff, VerkleProof: verkleProof})
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return block, nil
 }
 
 // Seal generates a new sealing request for the given input block and pushes

consensus/bor/bor_test.go

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ func TestGenesisContractChange(t *testing.T) {
 
 	genesis := genspec.MustCommit(db, triedb.NewDatabase(db, triedb.HashDefaults))
 
-	statedb, err := state.New(genesis.Root(), state.NewDatabase(db), nil)
+	statedb, err := state.New(genesis.Root(), state.NewDatabase(triedb.NewDatabase(db, triedb.HashDefaults), nil))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	chain, err := core.NewBlockChain(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), nil, genspec, nil, b, vm.Config{}, nil, nil, nil)
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ func TestGenesisContractChange(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		require.NoError(t, statedb.Database().TrieDB().Commit(root, true))
 
-		statedb, err := state.New(h.Root, state.NewDatabase(db), nil)
+		statedb, err := state.New(h.Root, state.NewDatabase(triedb.NewDatabase(db, triedb.HashDefaults), nil))
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
 		return root, statedb

consensus/bor/statefull/processor.go

@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ func ApplyMessage(
 		msg.Data(),
 		msg.Gas(),
 		uint256.NewInt(msg.Value().Uint64()),
-		nil,
 	)
 
 	success := big.NewInt(5).SetBytes(ret)
@@ -100,6 +99,11 @@ func ApplyMessage(
 		log.Error("message execution failed on contract", "msgData", msg.Data)
 	}
 
+	// If there's error committing span, log it here. It won't be reported before because the return value is empty.
+	if bytes.Equal(msg.To().Bytes(), validatorContract.Bytes()) && err != nil {
+		log.Error("message execution failed on contract", "err", err)
+	}
+
 	// Update the state with pending changes
 	if err != nil {
 		state.Finalise(true)
@@ -120,7 +124,6 @@ func ApplyBorMessage(vmenv *vm.EVM, msg Callmsg) (*core.ExecutionResult, error)
 		msg.Data(),
 		msg.Gas(),
 		uint256.NewInt(msg.Value().Uint64()),
-		nil,
 	)
 	// Update the state with pending changes
 	if err != nil {

consensus/clique/clique_test.go

@@ -30,11 +30,11 @@ import (
 )
 
 // This test case is a repro of an annoying bug that took us forever to catch.
-// In Clique PoA networks (Görli, etc), consecutive blocks might have
+// In Clique PoA networks, consecutive blocks might have the same state root (no
-// the same state root (no block subsidy, empty block). If a node crashes, the
+// block subsidy, empty block). If a node crashes, the chain ends up losing the
-// chain ends up losing the recent state and needs to regenerate it from blocks
+// recent state and needs to regenerate it from blocks already in the database.
-// already in the database. The bug was that processing the block *prior* to an
+// The bug was that processing the block *prior* to an empty one **also
-// empty one **also completes** the empty one, ending up in a known-block error.
+// completes** the empty one, ending up in a known-block error.
 func TestReimportMirroredState(t *testing.T) {
 	// Initialize a Clique chain with a single signer
 	var (
@@ -90,7 +90,6 @@ func TestReimportMirroredState(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	// Insert the first two blocks and make sure the chain is valid
 	db = rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
-
 	chain, _ = core.NewBlockChain(db, nil, genspec, nil, engine, vm.Config{}, nil, nil, nil)
 	defer chain.Stop()
 

core/bench_test.go

@@ -331,7 +331,6 @@ func benchReadChain(b *testing.B, full bool, count uint64) {
 		if err != nil {
 			b.Fatalf("error opening database at %v: %v", dir, err)
 		}
-
 		chain, err := NewBlockChain(db, &cacheConfig, genesis, nil, ethash.NewFaker(), vm.Config{}, nil, nil, nil)
 		if err != nil {
 			b.Fatalf("error creating chain: %v", err)

core/block_validator.go

@@ -20,10 +20,8 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/stateless"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie"
@@ -127,15 +125,17 @@ func (v *BlockValidator) ValidateBody(block *types.Block) error {
 
 // ValidateState validates the various changes that happen after a state transition,
 // such as amount of used gas, the receipt roots and the state root itself.
-func (v *BlockValidator) ValidateState(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, receipts types.Receipts, usedGas uint64, stateless bool) error {
+func (v *BlockValidator) ValidateState(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, res *ProcessResult, stateless bool) error {
+	if res == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("nil ProcessResult value")
+	}
 	header := block.Header()
-
+	if block.GasUsed() != res.GasUsed {
-	if block.GasUsed() != usedGas {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid gas used (remote: %d local: %d)", block.GasUsed(), res.GasUsed)
-		return fmt.Errorf("invalid gas used (remote: %d local: %d)", block.GasUsed(), usedGas)
 	}
 	// Validate the received block's bloom with the one derived from the generated receipts.
 	// For valid blocks this should always validate to true.
-	rbloom := types.CreateBloom(receipts)
+	rbloom := types.CreateBloom(res.Receipts)
 	if rbloom != header.Bloom {
 		return fmt.Errorf("invalid bloom (remote: %x  local: %x)", header.Bloom, rbloom)
 	}
@@ -145,10 +145,17 @@ func (v *BlockValidator) ValidateState(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateD
 		return nil
 	}
 	// The receipt Trie's root (R = (Tr [[H1, R1], ... [Hn, Rn]]))
-	receiptSha := types.DeriveSha(receipts, trie.NewStackTrie(nil))
+	receiptSha := types.DeriveSha(res.Receipts, trie.NewStackTrie(nil))
 	if receiptSha != header.ReceiptHash {
 		return fmt.Errorf("invalid receipt root hash (remote: %x local: %x)", header.ReceiptHash, receiptSha)
 	}
+	// Validate the parsed requests match the expected header value.
+	if header.RequestsHash != nil {
+		depositSha := types.DeriveSha(res.Requests, trie.NewStackTrie(nil))
+		if depositSha != *header.RequestsHash {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid deposit root hash (remote: %x local: %x)", *header.RequestsHash, depositSha)
+		}
+	}
 	// Validate the state root against the received state root and throw
 	// an error if they don't match.
 	if root := statedb.IntermediateRoot(v.config.IsEIP158(header.Number)); header.Root != root {
@@ -158,28 +165,6 @@ func (v *BlockValidator) ValidateState(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateD
 	return nil
 }
 
-// ValidateWitness cross validates a block execution with stateless remote clients.
-//
-// Normally we'd distribute the block witness to remote cross validators, wait
-// for them to respond and then merge the results. For now, however, it's only
-// Geth, so do an internal stateless run.
-func (v *BlockValidator) ValidateWitness(witness *stateless.Witness, receiptRoot common.Hash, stateRoot common.Hash) error {
-	// Run the cross client stateless execution
-	// TODO(karalabe): Self-stateless for now, swap with other clients
-	crossReceiptRoot, crossStateRoot, err := ExecuteStateless(v.config, witness)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("stateless execution failed: %v", err)
-	}
-	// Stateless cross execution suceeeded, validate the withheld computed fields
-	if crossReceiptRoot != receiptRoot {
-		return fmt.Errorf("cross validator receipt root mismatch (cross: %x local: %x)", crossReceiptRoot, receiptRoot)
-	}
-	if crossStateRoot != stateRoot {
-		return fmt.Errorf("cross validator state root mismatch (cross: %x local: %x)", crossStateRoot, stateRoot)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 // CalcGasLimit computes the gas limit of the next block after parent. It aims
 // to keep the baseline gas close to the provided target, and increase it towards
 // the target if the baseline gas is lower.

core/block_validator_test.go

@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ func testHeaderVerificationForMerging(t *testing.T, isClique bool) {
 			t.Fatalf("post-block %d: unexpected result returned: %v", i, result)
 		case <-time.After(25 * time.Millisecond):
 		}
-		chain.InsertBlockWithoutSetHead(postBlocks[i])
+		chain.InsertBlockWithoutSetHead(postBlocks[i], false)
 	}
 
 	// Verify the blocks with pre-merge blocks and post-merge blocks

core/blockchain.go

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ package core
 
 import (
 	"compress/gzip"
-	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
@@ -42,6 +41,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state/snapshot"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/stateless"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/tracing"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
@@ -78,17 +78,21 @@ var (
 	storageUpdateTimer = metrics.NewRegisteredResettingTimer("chain/storage/updates", nil)
 	storageCommitTimer = metrics.NewRegisteredResettingTimer("chain/storage/commits", nil)
 
+	accountReadSingleTimer = metrics.NewRegisteredResettingTimer("chain/account/single/reads", nil) //nolint:golint,unused
+	storageReadSingleTimer = metrics.NewRegisteredResettingTimer("chain/storage/single/reads", nil) //nolint:golint,unused
+
+	snapshotCommitTimer      = metrics.NewRegisteredResettingTimer("chain/snapshot/commits", nil)
+	triedbCommitTimer        = metrics.NewRegisteredResettingTimer("chain/triedb/commits", nil)
 	snapshotAccountReadTimer = metrics.NewRegisteredResettingTimer("chain/snapshot/account/reads", nil)
 	snapshotStorageReadTimer = metrics.NewRegisteredResettingTimer("chain/snapshot/storage/reads", nil)
-	snapshotCommitTimer      = metrics.NewRegisteredResettingTimer("chain/snapshot/commits", nil)
 
 	borConsensusTime = metrics.NewRegisteredTimer("chain/bor/consensus", nil)
 
 	blockImportTimer = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("chain/imports", nil)
-	triedbCommitTimer = metrics.NewRegisteredTimer("chain/triedb/commits", nil)
 
 	blockInsertTimer                   = metrics.NewRegisteredTimer("chain/inserts", nil)
 	blockValidationTimer               = metrics.NewRegisteredTimer("chain/validation", nil)
+	blockCrossValidationTimer          = metrics.NewRegisteredResettingTimer("chain/crossvalidation", nil) //nolint:golint,unused
 	blockExecutionTimer                = metrics.NewRegisteredTimer("chain/execution", nil)
 	blockWriteTimer                    = metrics.NewRegisteredTimer("chain/write", nil)
 	blockExecutionParallelCounter      = metrics.NewRegisteredCounter("chain/execution/parallel", nil)
@@ -237,7 +241,7 @@ type BlockChain struct {
 	lastWrite     uint64                           // Last block when the state was flushed
 	flushInterval atomic.Int64                     // Time interval (processing time) after which to flush a state
 	triedb        *triedb.Database                 // The database handler for maintaining trie nodes.
-	stateCache    state.Database                   // State database to reuse between imports (contains state cache)
+	statedb       *state.CachingDB                 // State database to reuse between imports (contains state cache)
 	txIndexer     *txIndexer                       // Transaction indexer, might be nil if not enabled
 
 	hc            *HeaderChain
@@ -356,7 +360,7 @@ func NewBlockChain(db ethdb.Database, cacheConfig *CacheConfig, genesis *Genesis
 
 	bc.flushInterval.Store(int64(cacheConfig.TrieTimeLimit))
 	bc.forker = NewForkChoice(bc, shouldPreserve, checker)
-	bc.stateCache = state.NewDatabaseWithNodeDB(bc.db, bc.triedb)
+	bc.statedb = state.NewDatabase(bc.triedb, nil)
 	bc.validator = NewBlockValidator(chainConfig, bc)
 	bc.prefetcher = newStatePrefetcher(chainConfig, bc.hc)
 	bc.processor = NewStateProcessor(chainConfig, bc, bc.hc)
@@ -524,11 +528,10 @@ func NewBlockChain(db ethdb.Database, cacheConfig *CacheConfig, genesis *Genesis
 			AsyncBuild: !bc.cacheConfig.SnapshotWait,
 		}
 		bc.snaps, _ = snapshot.New(snapconfig, bc.db, bc.triedb, head.Root)
-	}
 
-	// Start future block processor.
+		// Re-initialize the state database with snapshot
-	// bc.wg.Add(1)
+		bc.statedb = state.NewDatabase(bc.triedb, bc.snaps)
-	// go bc.updateFutureBlocks()
+	}
 
 	// Rewind the chain in case of an incompatible config upgrade.
 	if compat, ok := genesisErr.(*params.ConfigCompatError); ok {
@@ -575,8 +578,6 @@ func NewParallelBlockChain(db ethdb.Database, cacheConfig *CacheConfig, genesis
 
 func (bc *BlockChain) ProcessBlock(block *types.Block, parent *types.Header) (_ types.Receipts, _ []*types.Log, _ uint64, _ *state.StateDB, vtime time.Duration, blockEndErr error) {
 	// Process the block using processor and parallelProcessor at the same time, take the one which finishes first, cancel the other, and return the result
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-	defer cancel()
 
 	if bc.logger != nil && bc.logger.OnBlockStart != nil {
 		td := bc.GetTd(block.ParentHash(), block.NumberU64()-1)
@@ -609,7 +610,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) ProcessBlock(block *types.Block, parent *types.Header) (_
 	processorCount := 0
 
 	if bc.parallelProcessor != nil {
-		parallelStatedb, err := state.New(parent.Root, bc.stateCache, bc.snaps)
+		parallelStatedb, err := state.New(parent.Root, bc.statedb)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, nil, 0, nil, 0, err
 		}
@@ -620,19 +621,22 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) ProcessBlock(block *types.Block, parent *types.Header) (_
 		go func() {
 			parallelStatedb.StartPrefetcher("chain", nil)
 			pstart := time.Now()
-			receipts, logs, usedGas, err := bc.parallelProcessor.Process(block, parallelStatedb, bc.vmConfig, ctx)
+			res, err := bc.parallelProcessor.Process(block, parallelStatedb, bc.vmConfig)
 			blockExecutionParallelTimer.UpdateSince(pstart)
 			if err == nil {
 				vstart := time.Now()
-				err = bc.validator.ValidateState(block, parallelStatedb, receipts, usedGas, false)
+				err = bc.validator.ValidateState(block, parallelStatedb, res, false)
 				vtime = time.Since(vstart)
 			}
-			resultChan <- Result{receipts, logs, usedGas, err, parallelStatedb, blockExecutionParallelCounter, true}
+			if res == nil {
+				res = &ProcessResult{}
+			}
+			resultChan <- Result{res.Receipts, res.Logs, res.GasUsed, err, parallelStatedb, blockExecutionParallelCounter, true}
 		}()
 	}
 
 	if bc.processor != nil {
-		statedb, err := state.New(parent.Root, bc.stateCache, bc.snaps)
+		statedb, err := state.New(parent.Root, bc.statedb)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, nil, 0, nil, 0, err
 		}
@@ -643,14 +647,17 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) ProcessBlock(block *types.Block, parent *types.Header) (_
 		go func() {
 			statedb.StartPrefetcher("chain", nil)
 			pstart := time.Now()
-			receipts, logs, usedGas, err := bc.processor.Process(block, statedb, bc.vmConfig, ctx)
+			res, err := bc.processor.Process(block, statedb, bc.vmConfig)
 			blockExecutionSerialTimer.UpdateSince(pstart)
 			if err == nil {
 				vstart := time.Now()
-				err = bc.validator.ValidateState(block, statedb, receipts, usedGas, false)
+				err = bc.validator.ValidateState(block, statedb, res, false)
 				vtime = time.Since(vstart)
 			}
-			resultChan <- Result{receipts, logs, usedGas, err, statedb, blockExecutionSerialCounter, false}
+			if res == nil {
+				res = &ProcessResult{}
+			}
+			resultChan <- Result{res.Receipts, res.Logs, res.GasUsed, err, statedb, blockExecutionSerialCounter, false}
 		}()
 	}
 
@@ -1922,18 +1929,18 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) writeBlockWithState(block *types.Block, receipts []*types.
 
 // WriteBlockAndSetHead writes the given block and all associated state to the database,
 // and applies the block as the new chain head.
-func (bc *BlockChain) WriteBlockAndSetHead(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, receipts []*types.Receipt, logs []*types.Log, state *state.StateDB, emitHeadEvent bool) (status WriteStatus, err error) {
+func (bc *BlockChain) WriteBlockAndSetHead(block *types.Block, receipts []*types.Receipt, logs []*types.Log, state *state.StateDB, emitHeadEvent bool) (status WriteStatus, err error) {
 	if !bc.chainmu.TryLock() {
 		return NonStatTy, errChainStopped
 	}
 	defer bc.chainmu.Unlock()
 
-	return bc.writeBlockAndSetHead(ctx, block, receipts, logs, state, emitHeadEvent)
+	return bc.writeBlockAndSetHead(block, receipts, logs, state, emitHeadEvent)
 }
 
 // writeBlockAndSetHead is the internal implementation of WriteBlockAndSetHead.
 // This function expects the chain mutex to be held.
-func (bc *BlockChain) writeBlockAndSetHead(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, receipts []*types.Receipt, logs []*types.Log, state *state.StateDB, emitHeadEvent bool) (status WriteStatus, err error) {
+func (bc *BlockChain) writeBlockAndSetHead(block *types.Block, receipts []*types.Receipt, logs []*types.Log, state *state.StateDB, emitHeadEvent bool) (status WriteStatus, err error) {
 	stateSyncLogs, err := bc.writeBlockWithState(block, receipts, logs, state)
 	if err != nil {
 		return NonStatTy, err
@@ -2056,7 +2063,9 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) InsertChain(chain types.Blocks) (int, error) {
 		return 0, errChainStopped
 	}
 	defer bc.chainmu.Unlock()
-	return bc.insertChain(chain, true)
+
+	_, n, err := bc.insertChain(chain, true, false) // No witness collection for mass inserts (would get super large)
+	return n, err
 }
 
 // insertChain is the internal implementation of InsertChain, which assumes that
@@ -2067,10 +2076,10 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) InsertChain(chain types.Blocks) (int, error) {
 // racey behaviour. If a sidechain import is in progress, and the historic state
 // is imported, but then new canon-head is added before the actual sidechain
 // completes, then the historic state could be pruned again
-func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, setHead bool) (int, error) {
+func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, setHead bool, makeWitness bool) (*stateless.Witness, int, error) {
 	// If the chain is terminating, don't even bother starting up.
 	if bc.insertStopped() {
-		return 0, nil
+		return nil, 0, nil
 	}
 
 	// Start a parallel signature recovery (signer will fluke on fork transition, minimal perf loss)
@@ -2106,13 +2115,13 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, setHead bool) (int, error)
 	// Check the validity of incoming chain
 	isValid, err1 := bc.forker.ValidateReorg(bc.CurrentBlock(), headers)
 	if err1 != nil {
-		return it.index, err1
+		return nil, it.index, err1
 	}
 
 	if !isValid {
 		// The chain to be imported is invalid as the blocks doesn't match with
 		// the whitelisted block number.
-		return it.index, whitelist.ErrMismatch
+		return nil, it.index, whitelist.ErrMismatch
 	}
 
 	// Left-trim all the known blocks that don't need to build snapshot
@@ -2130,7 +2139,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, setHead bool) (int, error)
 		for block != nil && bc.skipBlock(err, it) {
 			reorg, err = bc.forker.ReorgNeeded(current, block.Header())
 			if err != nil {
-				return it.index, err
+				return nil, it.index, err
 			}
 
 			if reorg {
@@ -2162,7 +2171,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, setHead bool) (int, error)
 			log.Debug("Writing previously known block", "number", block.Number(), "hash", block.Hash())
 
 			if err := bc.writeKnownBlock(block); err != nil {
-				return it.index, err
+				return nil, it.index, err
 			}
 
 			lastCanon = block
@@ -2178,13 +2187,12 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, setHead bool) (int, error)
 		if setHead {
 			// First block is pruned, insert as sidechain and reorg only if TD grows enough
 			log.Debug("Pruned ancestor, inserting as sidechain", "number", block.Number(), "hash", block.Hash())
-			return bc.insertSideChain(block, it)
+			return bc.insertSideChain(block, it, makeWitness)
 		} else {
 			// We're post-merge and the parent is pruned, try to recover the parent state
 			log.Debug("Pruned ancestor", "number", block.Number(), "hash", block.Hash())
-			_, err := bc.recoverAncestors(block)
+			_, err := bc.recoverAncestors(block, makeWitness)
-
+			return nil, it.index, err
-			return it.index, err
 		}
 	// First block is future, shove it (and all children) to the future queue (unknown ancestor)
 	case errors.Is(err, consensus.ErrFutureBlock) || (errors.Is(err, consensus.ErrUnknownAncestor) && bc.futureBlocks.Contains(it.first().ParentHash())):
@@ -2192,7 +2200,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, setHead bool) (int, error)
 			log.Debug("Future block, postponing import", "number", block.Number(), "hash", block.Hash())
 
 			if err := bc.addFutureBlock(block); err != nil {
-				return it.index, err
+				return nil, it.index, err
 			}
 
 			block, err = it.next()
@@ -2202,7 +2210,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, setHead bool) (int, error)
 		stats.ignored += it.remaining()
 
 		// If there are any still remaining, mark as ignored
-		return it.index, err
+		return nil, it.index, err
 
 	// Some other error(except ErrKnownBlock) occurred, abort.
 	// ErrKnownBlock is allowed here since some known blocks
@@ -2211,8 +2219,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, setHead bool) (int, error)
 		stats.ignored += len(it.chain)
 
 		bc.reportBlock(block, nil, err)
-
+		return nil, it.index, err
-		return it.index, err
 	}
 	// No validation errors for the first block (or chain prefix skipped)
 	var activeState *state.StateDB
@@ -2226,6 +2233,9 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, setHead bool) (int, error)
 		}
 	}()
 
+	// Track the singleton witness from this chain insertion (if any)
+	var witness *stateless.Witness
+
 	// accumulator for canonical blocks
 	var canonAccum []*types.Block
 
@@ -2254,7 +2264,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, setHead bool) (int, error)
 		// If the header is a banned one, straight out abort
 		if BadHashes[block.Hash()] {
 			bc.reportBlock(block, nil, ErrBannedHash)
-			return it.index, ErrBannedHash
+			return nil, it.index, ErrBannedHash
 		}
 
 		// If the block is known (in the middle of the chain), it's a special case for
@@ -2289,7 +2299,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, setHead bool) (int, error)
 			}
 
 			if err := bc.writeKnownBlock(block); err != nil {
-				return it.index, err
+				return nil, it.index, err
 			}
 
 			stats.processed++
@@ -2301,14 +2311,12 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, setHead bool) (int, error)
 					Safe:      bc.CurrentSafeBlock(),
 				})
 			}
-
 			// We can assume that logs are empty here, since the only way for consecutive
 			// Clique blocks to have the same state is if there are no transactions.
 			lastCanon = block
 
 			continue
 		}
-
 		// Retrieve the parent block and it's state to execute on top
 		start := time.Now()
 
@@ -2316,6 +2324,28 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, setHead bool) (int, error)
 		if parent == nil {
 			parent = bc.GetHeader(block.ParentHash(), block.NumberU64()-1)
 		}
+		statedb, err := state.New(parent.Root, bc.statedb)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, it.index, err
+		}
+		statedb.SetLogger(bc.logger)
+
+		// If we are past Byzantium, enable prefetching to pull in trie node paths
+		// while processing transactions. Before Byzantium the prefetcher is mostly
+		// useless due to the intermediate root hashing after each transaction.
+		if bc.chainConfig.IsByzantium(block.Number()) {
+			// Generate witnesses either if we're self-testing, or if it's the
+			// only block being inserted. A bit crude, but witnesses are huge,
+			// so we refuse to make an entire chain of them.
+			if bc.vmConfig.StatelessSelfValidation || (makeWitness && len(chain) == 1) {
+				witness, err = stateless.NewWitness(block.Header(), bc)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, it.index, err
+				}
+			}
+			statedb.StartPrefetcher("chain", witness)
+		}
+		activeState = statedb
 
 		// If we have a followup block, run that against the current state to pre-cache
 		// transactions and probabilistically some of the account/storage trie nodes.
@@ -2323,7 +2353,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, setHead bool) (int, error)
 
 		if !bc.cacheConfig.TrieCleanNoPrefetch {
 			if followup, err := it.peek(); followup != nil && err == nil {
-				throwaway, _ := state.New(parent.Root, bc.stateCache, bc.snaps)
+				throwaway, _ := state.New(parent.Root, bc.statedb)
 
 				go func(start time.Time, followup *types.Block, throwaway *state.StateDB) {
 					// Disable tracing for prefetcher executions.
@@ -2346,10 +2376,10 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, setHead bool) (int, error)
 		activeState = statedb
 
 		if err != nil {
-			bc.reportBlock(block, receipts, err)
+			bc.reportBlock(block, &ProcessResult{Receipts: receipts}, err)
 			followupInterrupt.Store(true)
 
-			return it.index, err
+			return nil, it.index, err
 		}
 
 		// BOR state sync feed related changes
@@ -2391,23 +2421,24 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, setHead bool) (int, error)
 		// so that it's considered as a `past` chain and the validation doesn't get bypassed.
 		isValid, err = bc.forker.ValidateReorg(block.Header(), []*types.Header{block.Header()})
 		if err != nil {
-			return it.index, err
+			return nil, it.index, err
 		}
+
 		if !isValid {
-			return it.index, whitelist.ErrMismatch
+			return nil, it.index, whitelist.ErrMismatch
 		}
 
 		if !setHead {
 			// Don't set the head, only insert the block
 			_, err = bc.writeBlockWithState(block, receipts, logs, statedb)
 		} else {
-			status, err = bc.writeBlockAndSetHead(context.Background(), block, receipts, logs, statedb, false)
+			status, err = bc.writeBlockAndSetHead(block, receipts, logs, statedb, false)
 		}
 
 		followupInterrupt.Store(true)
 
 		if err != nil {
-			return it.index, err
+			return nil, it.index, err
 		}
 
 		// Update the metrics touched during block commit
@@ -2434,7 +2465,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, setHead bool) (int, error)
 			// After merge we expect few side chains. Simply count
 			// all blocks the CL gives us for GC processing time
 			bc.gcproc += proctime
-			return it.index, nil // Direct block insertion of a single block
+			return witness, it.index, nil // Direct block insertion of a single block
 		}
 
 		// BOR
@@ -2480,14 +2511,14 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, setHead bool) (int, error)
 	// Any blocks remaining here? The only ones we care about are the future ones
 	if block != nil && errors.Is(err, consensus.ErrFutureBlock) {
 		if err := bc.addFutureBlock(block); err != nil {
-			return it.index, err
+			return nil, it.index, err
 		}
 
 		block, err = it.next()
 
 		for ; block != nil && errors.Is(err, consensus.ErrUnknownAncestor); block, err = it.next() {
 			if err := bc.addFutureBlock(block); err != nil {
-				return it.index, err
+				return nil, it.index, err
 			}
 
 			stats.queued++
@@ -2495,7 +2526,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, setHead bool) (int, error)
 	}
 
 	stats.ignored += it.remaining()
-	return it.index, err
+	return witness, it.index, err
 }
 
 // blockProcessingResult is a summary of block processing
@@ -2528,42 +2559,68 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) processBlock(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, s
 
 	// Process block using the parent state as reference point
 	pstart := time.Now()
-	receipts, logs, usedGas, err := bc.processor.Process(block, statedb, bc.vmConfig, context.Background())
+	res, err := bc.processor.Process(block, statedb, bc.vmConfig)
 	if err != nil {
-		bc.reportBlock(block, receipts, err)
+		bc.reportBlock(block, res, err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	ptime := time.Since(pstart)
 
 	vstart := time.Now()
-	if err := bc.validator.ValidateState(block, statedb, receipts, usedGas, false); err != nil {
+	if err := bc.validator.ValidateState(block, statedb, res, false); err != nil {
-		bc.reportBlock(block, receipts, err)
+		bc.reportBlock(block, res, err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	vtime := time.Since(vstart)
 
-	if witness := statedb.Witness(); witness != nil {
+	// If witnesses was generated and stateless self-validation requested, do
-		if err = bc.validator.ValidateWitness(witness, block.ReceiptHash(), block.Root()); err != nil {
+	// that now. Self validation should *never* run in production, it's more of
-			bc.reportBlock(block, receipts, err)
+	// a tight integration to enable running *all* consensus tests through the
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("cross verification failed: %v", err)
+	// witness builder/runner, which would otherwise be impossible due to the
+	// various invalid chain states/behaviors being contained in those tests.
+	xvstart := time.Now()
+	if witness := statedb.Witness(); witness != nil && bc.vmConfig.StatelessSelfValidation {
+		log.Warn("Running stateless self-validation", "block", block.Number(), "hash", block.Hash())
+
+		// Remove critical computed fields from the block to force true recalculation
+		context := block.Header()
+		context.Root = common.Hash{}
+		context.ReceiptHash = common.Hash{}
+
+		task := types.NewBlockWithHeader(context).WithBody(*block.Body())
+
+		// Run the stateless self-cross-validation
+		crossStateRoot, crossReceiptRoot, err := ExecuteStateless(bc.chainConfig, task, witness)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("stateless self-validation failed: %v", err)
+		}
+		if crossStateRoot != block.Root() {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("stateless self-validation root mismatch (cross: %x local: %x)", crossStateRoot, block.Root())
+		}
+		if crossReceiptRoot != block.ReceiptHash() {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("stateless self-validation receipt root mismatch (cross: %x local: %x)", crossReceiptRoot, block.ReceiptHash())
 		}
 	}
-	proctime := time.Since(start) // processing + validation
+	xvtime := time.Since(xvstart)
+	proctime := time.Since(start) // processing + validation + cross validation
 
 	// Update the metrics touched during block processing and validation
 	accountReadTimer.Update(statedb.AccountReads) // Account reads are complete(in processing)
 	storageReadTimer.Update(statedb.StorageReads) // Storage reads are complete(in processing)
-	snapshotAccountReadTimer.Update(statedb.SnapshotAccountReads)   // Account reads are complete(in processing)
+	if statedb.AccountLoaded != 0 {
-	snapshotStorageReadTimer.Update(statedb.SnapshotStorageReads)   // Storage reads are complete(in processing)
+		accountReadSingleTimer.Update(statedb.AccountReads / time.Duration(statedb.AccountLoaded))
+	}
+	if statedb.StorageLoaded != 0 {
+		storageReadSingleTimer.Update(statedb.StorageReads / time.Duration(statedb.StorageLoaded))
+	}
 	accountUpdateTimer.Update(statedb.AccountUpdates)                                 // Account updates are complete(in validation)
 	storageUpdateTimer.Update(statedb.StorageUpdates)                                 // Storage updates are complete(in validation)
 	accountHashTimer.Update(statedb.AccountHashes)                                    // Account hashes are complete(in validation)
 	triehash := statedb.AccountHashes                                                 // The time spent on tries hashing
 	trieUpdate := statedb.AccountUpdates + statedb.StorageUpdates                     // The time spent on tries update
-	trieRead := statedb.SnapshotAccountReads + statedb.AccountReads // The time spent on account read
+	blockExecutionTimer.Update(ptime - (statedb.AccountReads + statedb.StorageReads)) // The time spent on EVM processing
-	trieRead += statedb.SnapshotStorageReads + statedb.StorageReads // The time spent on storage read
-	blockExecutionTimer.Update(ptime - trieRead)                    // The time spent on EVM processing
 	blockValidationTimer.Update(vtime - (triehash + trieUpdate))                      // The time spent on block validation
+	blockCrossValidationTimer.Update(xvtime)                                          // The time spent on stateless cross validation
 
 	// Write the block to the chain and get the status.
 	var (
@@ -2572,9 +2629,9 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) processBlock(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, s
 	)
 	if !setHead {
 		// Don't set the head, only insert the block
-		_, err = bc.writeBlockWithState(block, receipts, logs, statedb)
+		_, err = bc.writeBlockWithState(block, res.Receipts, res.Logs, statedb)
 	} else {
-		status, err = bc.writeBlockAndSetHead(context.Background(), block, receipts, logs, statedb, false)
+		status, err = bc.writeBlockAndSetHead(block, res.Receipts, res.Logs, statedb, false)
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -2588,7 +2645,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) processBlock(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, s
 	blockWriteTimer.Update(time.Since(wstart) - max(statedb.AccountCommits, statedb.StorageCommits) /* concurrent */ - statedb.SnapshotCommits - statedb.TrieDBCommits)
 	blockInsertTimer.UpdateSince(start)
 
-	return &blockProcessingResult{usedGas: usedGas, procTime: proctime, status: status}, nil
+	return &blockProcessingResult{usedGas: res.GasUsed, procTime: proctime, status: status}, nil
 }
 
 // insertSideChain is called when an import batch hits upon a pruned ancestor
@@ -2598,7 +2655,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) processBlock(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, s
 // The method writes all (header-and-body-valid) blocks to disk, then tries to
 // switch over to the new chain if the TD exceeded the current chain.
 // insertSideChain is only used pre-merge.
-func (bc *BlockChain) insertSideChain(block *types.Block, it *insertIterator) (int, error) {
+func (bc *BlockChain) insertSideChain(block *types.Block, it *insertIterator, makeWitness bool) (*stateless.Witness, int, error) {
 	var (
 		externTd  *big.Int
 		lastBlock = block
@@ -2637,7 +2694,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertSideChain(block *types.Block, it *insertIterator) (i
 				// If someone legitimately side-mines blocks, they would still be imported as usual. However,
 				// we cannot risk writing unverified blocks to disk when they obviously target the pruning
 				// mechanism.
-				return it.index, errors.New("sidechain ghost-state attack")
+				return nil, it.index, errors.New("sidechain ghost-state attack")
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -2651,7 +2708,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertSideChain(block *types.Block, it *insertIterator) (i
 			start := time.Now()
 
 			if err := bc.writeBlockWithoutState(block, externTd); err != nil {
-				return it.index, err
+				return nil, it.index, err
 			}
 
 			log.Debug("Injected sidechain block", "number", block.Number(), "hash", block.Hash(),
@@ -2670,19 +2727,19 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertSideChain(block *types.Block, it *insertIterator) (i
 	// blocks to regenerate the required state
 	reorg, err := bc.forker.ReorgNeeded(current, lastBlock.Header())
 	if err != nil {
-		return it.index, err
+		return nil, it.index, err
 	}
 
 	isValid, err := bc.forker.ValidateReorg(current, headers)
 	if err != nil {
-		return it.index, err
+		return nil, it.index, err
 	}
 
 	if !reorg || !isValid {
 		localTd := bc.GetTd(current.Hash(), current.Number.Uint64())
 		log.Info("Sidechain written to disk", "start", it.first().NumberU64(), "end", it.previous().Number, "sidetd", externTd, "localtd", localTd)
 
-		return it.index, err
+		return nil, it.index, err
 	}
 	// Gather all the sidechain hashes (full blocks may be memory heavy)
 	var (
@@ -2694,7 +2751,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertSideChain(block *types.Block, it *insertIterator) (i
 	for parent != nil && !bc.HasState(parent.Root) {
 		if bc.stateRecoverable(parent.Root) {
 			if err := bc.triedb.Recover(parent.Root); err != nil {
-				return 0, err
+				return nil, 0, err
 			}
 			break
 		}
@@ -2705,7 +2762,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertSideChain(block *types.Block, it *insertIterator) (i
 	}
 
 	if parent == nil {
-		return it.index, errors.New("missing parent")
+		return nil, it.index, errors.New("missing parent")
 	}
 	// Import all the pruned blocks to make the state available
 	var (
@@ -2725,8 +2782,8 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertSideChain(block *types.Block, it *insertIterator) (i
 		// memory here.
 		if len(blocks) >= 2048 || memory > 64*1024*1024 {
 			log.Info("Importing heavy sidechain segment", "blocks", len(blocks), "start", blocks[0].NumberU64(), "end", block.NumberU64())
-			if _, err := bc.insertChain(blocks, true); err != nil {
+			if _, _, err := bc.insertChain(blocks, true, false); err != nil {
-				return 0, err
+				return nil, 0, err
 			}
 
 			blocks, memory = blocks[:0], 0
@@ -2734,24 +2791,23 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertSideChain(block *types.Block, it *insertIterator) (i
 			// If the chain is terminating, stop processing blocks
 			if bc.insertStopped() {
 				log.Debug("Abort during blocks processing")
-				return 0, nil
+				return nil, 0, nil
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
 	if len(blocks) > 0 {
 		log.Info("Importing sidechain segment", "start", blocks[0].NumberU64(), "end", blocks[len(blocks)-1].NumberU64())
-		return bc.insertChain(blocks, true)
+		return bc.insertChain(blocks, true, makeWitness)
 	}
-
+	return nil, 0, nil
-	return 0, nil
 }
 
 // recoverAncestors finds the closest ancestor with available state and re-execute
 // all the ancestor blocks since that.
 // recoverAncestors is only used post-merge.
 // We return the hash of the latest block that we could correctly validate.
-func (bc *BlockChain) recoverAncestors(block *types.Block) (common.Hash, error) {
+func (bc *BlockChain) recoverAncestors(block *types.Block, makeWitness bool) (common.Hash, error) {
 	// Gather all the sidechain hashes (full blocks may be memory heavy)
 	var (
 		hashes  []common.Hash
@@ -2794,7 +2850,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) recoverAncestors(block *types.Block) (common.Hash, error)
 		} else {
 			b = bc.GetBlock(hashes[i], numbers[i])
 		}
-		if _, err := bc.insertChain(types.Blocks{b}, false); err != nil {
+		if _, _, err := bc.insertChain(types.Blocks{b}, false, makeWitness && i == 0); err != nil {
 			return b.ParentHash(), err
 		}
 	}
@@ -3115,14 +3171,14 @@ func ExportN(w io.Writer, blocks []*types.Block) error {
 // The key difference between the InsertChain is it won't do the canonical chain
 // updating. It relies on the additional SetCanonical call to finalize the entire
 // procedure.
-func (bc *BlockChain) InsertBlockWithoutSetHead(block *types.Block) error {
+func (bc *BlockChain) InsertBlockWithoutSetHead(block *types.Block, makeWitness bool) (*stateless.Witness, error) {
 	if !bc.chainmu.TryLock() {
-		return errChainStopped
+		return nil, errChainStopped
 	}
 	defer bc.chainmu.Unlock()
 
-	_, err := bc.insertChain(types.Blocks{block}, false)
+	witness, _, err := bc.insertChain(types.Blocks{block}, false, makeWitness)
-	return err
+	return witness, err
 }
 
 // SetCanonical rewinds the chain to set the new head block as the specified
@@ -3136,7 +3192,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) SetCanonical(head *types.Block) (common.Hash, error) {
 
 	// Re-execute the reorged chain in case the head state is missing.
 	if !bc.HasState(head.Root()) {
-		if latestValidHash, err := bc.recoverAncestors(head); err != nil {
+		if latestValidHash, err := bc.recoverAncestors(head, false); err != nil {
 			return latestValidHash, err
 		}
 
@@ -3223,7 +3279,11 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) skipBlock(err error, it *insertIterator) bool {
 }
 
 // reportBlock logs a bad block error.
-func (bc *BlockChain) reportBlock(block *types.Block, receipts types.Receipts, err error) {
+func (bc *BlockChain) reportBlock(block *types.Block, res *ProcessResult, err error) {
+	var receipts types.Receipts
+	if res != nil {
+		receipts = res.Receipts
+	}
 	rawdb.WriteBadBlock(bc.db, block)
 	log.Error(summarizeBadBlock(block, receipts, bc.Config(), err))
 }
@@ -3274,7 +3334,6 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) InsertHeaderChain(chain []*types.Header) (int, error) {
 	}
 	defer bc.chainmu.Unlock()
 	_, err := bc.hc.InsertHeaderChain(chain, start, bc.forker)
-
 	return 0, err
 }
 

core/blockchain_reader.go

@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) GetTd(hash common.Hash, number uint64) *big.Int {
 
 // HasState checks if state trie is fully present in the database or not.
 func (bc *BlockChain) HasState(hash common.Hash) bool {
-	_, err := bc.stateCache.OpenTrie(hash)
+	_, err := bc.statedb.OpenTrie(hash)
 	return err == nil
 }
 
@@ -377,12 +377,9 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) stateRecoverable(root common.Hash) bool {
 // If the code doesn't exist in the in-memory cache, check the storage with
 // new code scheme.
 func (bc *BlockChain) ContractCodeWithPrefix(hash common.Hash) ([]byte, error) {
-	type codeReader interface {
-		ContractCodeWithPrefix(address common.Address, codeHash common.Hash) ([]byte, error)
-	}
 	// TODO(rjl493456442) The associated account address is also required
 	// in Verkle scheme. Fix it once snap-sync is supported for Verkle.
-	return bc.stateCache.(codeReader).ContractCodeWithPrefix(common.Address{}, hash)
+	return bc.statedb.ContractCodeWithPrefix(common.Address{}, hash)
 }
 
 // State returns a new mutable state based on the current HEAD block.
@@ -392,7 +389,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) State() (*state.StateDB, error) {
 
 // StateAt returns a new mutable state based on a particular point in time.
 func (bc *BlockChain) StateAt(root common.Hash) (*state.StateDB, error) {
-	return state.New(root, bc.stateCache, bc.snaps)
+	return state.New(root, bc.statedb)
 }
 
 // Config retrieves the chain's fork configuration.
@@ -418,7 +415,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) Processor() Processor {
 
 // StateCache returns the caching database underpinning the blockchain instance.
 func (bc *BlockChain) StateCache() state.Database {
-	return bc.stateCache
+	return bc.statedb
 }
 
 // GasLimit returns the gas limit of the current HEAD block.

core/blockchain_repair_test.go

@@ -1797,8 +1797,8 @@ func testRepair(t *testing.T, tt *rewindTest, snapshots bool) {
 
 func testRepairWithScheme(t *testing.T, tt *rewindTest, snapshots bool, scheme string) {
 	// It's hard to follow the test case, visualize the input
-	// log.Root().SetHandler(log.LvlFilterHandler(log.LvlTrace, log.StreamHandler(os.Stderr, log.TerminalFormat(true))))
+	// log.SetDefault(log.NewLogger(log.NewTerminalHandlerWithLevel(os.Stderr, log.LevelInfo, true)))
-	// fmt.Println(tt.dump(true))
+	// fmt.Println(tt.dump(false))
 
 	// Create a temporary persistent database
 	datadir := t.TempDir()
@@ -1952,7 +1952,7 @@ func TestIssue23496(t *testing.T) {
 
 func testIssue23496(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 	// It's hard to follow the test case, visualize the input
-	//log.Root().SetHandler(log.LvlFilterHandler(log.LvlTrace, log.StreamHandler(os.Stderr, log.TerminalFormat(true))))
+	// log.SetDefault(log.NewLogger(log.NewTerminalHandlerWithLevel(os.Stderr, log.LevelInfo, true)))
 
 	// Create a temporary persistent database
 	datadir := t.TempDir()

core/blockchain_sethead_test.go

@@ -1961,7 +1961,7 @@ func testSetHead(t *testing.T, tt *rewindTest, snapshots bool) {
 
 func testSetHeadWithScheme(t *testing.T, tt *rewindTest, snapshots bool, scheme string) {
 	// It's hard to follow the test case, visualize the input
-	// log.Root().SetHandler(log.LvlFilterHandler(log.LvlTrace, log.StreamHandler(os.Stderr, log.TerminalFormat(true))))
+	// log.SetDefault(log.NewLogger(log.NewTerminalHandlerWithLevel(os.Stderr, log.LevelInfo, true)))
 	// fmt.Println(tt.dump(false))
 
 	// Create a temporary persistent database
@@ -2042,7 +2042,7 @@ func testSetHeadWithScheme(t *testing.T, tt *rewindTest, snapshots bool, scheme
 		dbconfig.HashDB = hashdb.Defaults
 	}
 	chain.triedb = triedb.NewDatabase(chain.db, dbconfig)
-	chain.stateCache = state.NewDatabaseWithNodeDB(chain.db, chain.triedb)
+	chain.statedb = state.NewDatabase(chain.triedb, chain.snaps)
 
 	// Force run a freeze cycle
 	type freezer interface {

core/blockchain_snapshot_test.go

@@ -226,8 +226,8 @@ type snapshotTest struct {
 
 func (snaptest *snapshotTest) test(t *testing.T) {
 	// It's hard to follow the test case, visualize the input
-	// log.Root().SetHandler(log.LvlFilterHandler(log.LvlTrace, log.StreamHandler(os.Stderr, log.TerminalFormat(true))))
+	// log.SetDefault(log.NewLogger(log.NewTerminalHandlerWithLevel(os.Stderr, log.LevelInfo, true)))
-	// fmt.Println(tt.dump())
+	// fmt.Println(snaptest.dump())
 	chain, blocks := snaptest.prepare(t)
 
 	// Restart the chain normally
@@ -249,8 +249,8 @@ type crashSnapshotTest struct {
 
 func (snaptest *crashSnapshotTest) test(t *testing.T) {
 	// It's hard to follow the test case, visualize the input
-	// log.Root().SetHandler(log.LvlFilterHandler(log.LvlTrace, log.StreamHandler(os.Stderr, log.TerminalFormat(true))))
+	// log.SetDefault(log.NewLogger(log.NewTerminalHandlerWithLevel(os.Stderr, log.LevelInfo, true)))
-	// fmt.Println(tt.dump())
+	// fmt.Println(snaptest.dump())
 	chain, blocks := snaptest.prepare(t)
 
 	// Pull the plug on the database, simulating a hard crash
@@ -303,8 +303,8 @@ type gappedSnapshotTest struct {
 
 func (snaptest *gappedSnapshotTest) test(t *testing.T) {
 	// It's hard to follow the test case, visualize the input
-	// log.Root().SetHandler(log.LvlFilterHandler(log.LvlTrace, log.StreamHandler(os.Stderr, log.TerminalFormat(true))))
+	// log.SetDefault(log.NewLogger(log.NewTerminalHandlerWithLevel(os.Stderr, log.LevelInfo, true)))
-	// fmt.Println(tt.dump())
+	// fmt.Println(snaptest.dump())
 	chain, blocks := snaptest.prepare(t)
 
 	// Insert blocks without enabling snapshot if gapping is required.
@@ -347,8 +347,8 @@ type setHeadSnapshotTest struct {
 
 func (snaptest *setHeadSnapshotTest) test(t *testing.T) {
 	// It's hard to follow the test case, visualize the input
-	// log.Root().SetHandler(log.LvlFilterHandler(log.LvlTrace, log.StreamHandler(os.Stderr, log.TerminalFormat(true))))
+	// log.SetDefault(log.NewLogger(log.NewTerminalHandlerWithLevel(os.Stderr, log.LevelInfo, true)))
-	// fmt.Println(tt.dump())
+	// fmt.Println(snaptest.dump())
 	chain, blocks := snaptest.prepare(t)
 
 	// Rewind the chain if setHead operation is required.
@@ -376,8 +376,8 @@ type wipeCrashSnapshotTest struct {
 
 func (snaptest *wipeCrashSnapshotTest) test(t *testing.T) {
 	// It's hard to follow the test case, visualize the input
-	// log.Root().SetHandler(log.LvlFilterHandler(log.LvlTrace, log.StreamHandler(os.Stderr, log.TerminalFormat(true))))
+	// log.SetDefault(log.NewLogger(log.NewTerminalHandlerWithLevel(os.Stderr, log.LevelInfo, true)))
-	// fmt.Println(tt.dump())
+	// fmt.Println(snaptest.dump())
 	chain, blocks := snaptest.prepare(t)
 
 	// Firstly, stop the chain properly, with all snapshot journal

core/blockchain_test.go

@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@
 package core
 
 import (
-	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"math/big"
 	"math/rand"
 	"os"
+	"path"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
@@ -170,15 +170,18 @@ func testBlockChainImport(chain types.Blocks, blockchain *BlockChain) error {
 
 			return err
 		}
-
+		statedb, err := state.New(blockchain.GetBlockByHash(block.ParentHash()).Root(), blockchain.statedb)
-		receipts, _, usedGas, statedb, _, err := blockchain.ProcessBlock(block, blockchain.GetBlockByHash(block.ParentHash()).Header())
-
 		if err != nil {
-			blockchain.reportBlock(block, receipts, err)
 			return err
 		}
-		if err = blockchain.validator.ValidateState(block, statedb, receipts, usedGas, false); err != nil {
+		res, err := blockchain.processor.Process(block, statedb, vm.Config{})
-			blockchain.reportBlock(block, receipts, err)
+		if err != nil {
+			blockchain.reportBlock(block, res, err)
+			return err
+		}
+		err = blockchain.validator.ValidateState(block, statedb, res, false)
+		if err != nil {
+			blockchain.reportBlock(block, res, err)
 			return err
 		}
 
@@ -220,8 +223,8 @@ func testParallelBlockChainImport(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 type AlwaysFailParallelStateProcessor struct {
 }
 
-func (p *AlwaysFailParallelStateProcessor) Process(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, cfg vm.Config, interruptCtx context.Context) (types.Receipts, []*types.Log, uint64, error) {
+func (p *AlwaysFailParallelStateProcessor) Process(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, cfg vm.Config) (*ProcessResult, error) {
-	return nil, nil, 0, errors.New("always fail")
+	return nil, errors.New("always fail")
 }
 
 type SlowSerialStateProcessor struct {
@@ -232,9 +235,9 @@ func NewSlowSerialStateProcessor(s Processor) *SlowSerialStateProcessor {
 	return &SlowSerialStateProcessor{s: s}
 }
 
-func (p *SlowSerialStateProcessor) Process(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, cfg vm.Config, interruptCtx context.Context) (types.Receipts, []*types.Log, uint64, error) {
+func (p *SlowSerialStateProcessor) Process(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, cfg vm.Config) (*ProcessResult, error) {
 	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
-	return p.s.Process(block, statedb, cfg, interruptCtx)
+	return p.s.Process(block, statedb, cfg)
 }
 
 func TestSuccessfulBlockImportParallelFailed(t *testing.T) {
@@ -1437,7 +1440,6 @@ func testSideLogRebirth(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 	if _, err := blockchain.InsertChain(sideChain); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to insert forked chain: %v", err)
 	}
-
 	checkLogEvents(t, newLogCh, rmLogsCh, 0, 0)
 
 	// Generate a new block based on side chain.
@@ -1445,7 +1447,6 @@ func testSideLogRebirth(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 	if _, err := blockchain.InsertChain(newBlocks); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to insert forked chain: %v", err)
 	}
-
 	checkLogEvents(t, newLogCh, rmLogsCh, 1, 0)
 }
 
@@ -2000,7 +2001,6 @@ func testLargeReorgTrieGC(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 	if _, err := chain.InsertChain(competitor[:len(competitor)-2]); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to insert competitor chain: %v", err)
 	}
-
 	for i, block := range competitor[:len(competitor)-2] {
 		if chain.HasState(block.Root()) {
 			t.Fatalf("competitor %d: low TD chain became processed", i)
@@ -2371,9 +2371,9 @@ func testSideImport(t *testing.T, numCanonBlocksInSidechain, blocksBetweenCommon
 //	[ Cn, Cn+1, Cc, Sn+3 ... Sm]
 //	^    ^    ^  pruned
 func TestPrunedImportSide(t *testing.T) {
-	//glogger := log.NewGlogHandler(log.StreamHandler(os.Stdout, log.TerminalFormat(false)))
+	// glogger := log.NewGlogHandler(log.NewTerminalHandler(os.Stderr, false))
 	// glogger.Verbosity(3)
-	//log.Root().SetHandler(log.Handler(glogger))
+	// log.SetDefault(log.NewLogger(glogger))
 	testSideImport(t, 3, 3, -1)
 	testSideImport(t, 3, -3, -1)
 	testSideImport(t, 10, 0, -1)
@@ -2382,9 +2382,9 @@ func TestPrunedImportSide(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestPrunedImportSideWithMerging(t *testing.T) {
-	//glogger := log.NewGlogHandler(log.StreamHandler(os.Stdout, log.TerminalFormat(false)))
+	// glogger := log.NewGlogHandler(log.NewTerminalHandler(os.Stderr, false))
 	// glogger.Verbosity(3)
-	//log.Root().SetHandler(log.Handler(glogger))
+	// log.SetDefault(log.NewLogger(glogger))
 	testSideImport(t, 3, 3, 0)
 	testSideImport(t, 3, -3, 0)
 	testSideImport(t, 10, 0, 0)
@@ -3044,7 +3044,21 @@ func testSideImportPrunedBlocks(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 	// Generate and import the canonical chain
 	_, blocks, _ := GenerateChainWithGenesis(genesis, engine, 2*state.TriesInMemory, nil)
 
-	chain, err := NewBlockChain(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), DefaultCacheConfigWithScheme(scheme), genesis, nil, engine, vm.Config{}, nil, nil, nil)
+	// Construct a database with freezer enabled
+	datadir := t.TempDir()
+	ancient := path.Join(datadir, "ancient")
+
+	db, err := rawdb.Open(rawdb.OpenOptions{
+		Directory:         datadir,
+		AncientsDirectory: ancient,
+		Ephemeral:         true,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create persistent database: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	chain, err := NewBlockChain(db, DefaultCacheConfigWithScheme(scheme), genesis, nil, engine, vm.Config{}, nil, nil, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create tester chain: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -3967,7 +3981,7 @@ func TestSetCanonical(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func testSetCanonical(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
-	//log.Root().SetHandler(log.LvlFilterHandler(log.LvlDebug, log.StreamHandler(os.Stderr, log.TerminalFormat(true))))
+	// log.SetDefault(log.NewLogger(log.NewTerminalHandlerWithLevel(os.Stderr, log.LevelInfo, true)))
 
 	var (
 		key, _  = crypto.HexToECDSA("b71c71a67e1177ad4e901695e1b4b9ee17ae16c6668d313eac2f96dbcda3f291")
@@ -4019,7 +4033,7 @@ func testSetCanonical(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 	})
 
 	for _, block := range side {
-		err := chain.InsertBlockWithoutSetHead(block)
+		_, err := chain.InsertBlockWithoutSetHead(block, false)
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("Failed to insert into chain: %v", err)
 		}
@@ -4578,7 +4592,6 @@ func TestEIP3651(t *testing.T) {
 		b.AddTx(tx)
 	})
 	chain, err := NewBlockChain(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), nil, gspec, nil, engine, vm.Config{Tracer: logger.NewMarkdownLogger(&logger.Config{}, os.Stderr).Hooks()}, nil, nil, nil)
-
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create tester chain: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -4615,3 +4628,90 @@ func TestEIP3651(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("sender balance incorrect: expected %d, got %d", expected, actual)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestEIP6110(t *testing.T) {
+	var (
+		engine = beacon.NewFaker()
+
+		// A sender who makes transactions, has some funds
+		key, _ = crypto.HexToECDSA("b71c71a67e1177ad4e901695e1b4b9ee17ae16c6668d313eac2f96dbcda3f291")
+		addr   = crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key.PublicKey)
+		funds  = new(big.Int).Mul(common.Big1, big.NewInt(params.Ether))
+		config = *params.AllEthashProtocolChanges
+		gspec  = &Genesis{
+			Config: &config,
+			Alloc: types.GenesisAlloc{
+				addr: {Balance: funds},
+				config.DepositContractAddress: {
+					// Simple deposit generator, source: https://gist.github.com/lightclient/54abb2af2465d6969fa6d1920b9ad9d7
+					Code:    common.Hex2Bytes("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"),
+					Nonce:   0,
+					Balance: big.NewInt(0),
+				},
+			},
+		}
+	)
+
+	gspec.Config.BerlinBlock = common.Big0
+	gspec.Config.LondonBlock = common.Big0
+	gspec.Config.TerminalTotalDifficulty = common.Big0
+	gspec.Config.TerminalTotalDifficultyPassed = true
+	gspec.Config.ShanghaiBlock = big.NewInt(0)
+	gspec.Config.CancunBlock = big.NewInt(0)
+	gspec.Config.PragueBlock = big.NewInt(0)
+	signer := types.LatestSigner(gspec.Config)
+
+	_, blocks, _ := GenerateChainWithGenesis(gspec, engine, 1, func(i int, b *BlockGen) {
+		for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
+			txdata := &types.DynamicFeeTx{
+				ChainID:    gspec.Config.ChainID,
+				Nonce:      uint64(i),
+				To:         &config.DepositContractAddress,
+				Gas:        500000,
+				GasFeeCap:  newGwei(5),
+				GasTipCap:  big.NewInt(2),
+				AccessList: nil,
+				Data:       []byte{},
+			}
+			tx := types.NewTx(txdata)
+			tx, _ = types.SignTx(tx, signer, key)
+			b.AddTx(tx)
+		}
+	})
+	chain, err := NewBlockChain(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), nil, gspec, nil, engine, vm.Config{Tracer: logger.NewMarkdownLogger(&logger.Config{DisableStack: true}, os.Stderr).Hooks()}, nil, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create tester chain: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer chain.Stop()
+	if n, err := chain.InsertChain(blocks); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("block %d: failed to insert into chain: %v", n, err)
+	}
+
+	block := chain.GetBlockByNumber(1)
+	if len(block.Requests()) != 5 {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to retrieve deposits: have %d, want %d", len(block.Requests()), 5)
+	}
+
+	// Verify each index is correct.
+	for want, req := range block.Requests() {
+		d, ok := req.Inner().(*types.Deposit)
+		if !ok {
+			t.Fatalf("expected deposit object")
+		}
+		if got := int(d.PublicKey[0]); got != want {
+			t.Fatalf("invalid pubkey: have %d, want %d", got, want)
+		}
+		if got := int(d.WithdrawalCredentials[0]); got != want {
+			t.Fatalf("invalid withdrawal credentials: have %d, want %d", got, want)
+		}
+		if d.Amount != uint64(want) {
+			t.Fatalf("invalid amounbt: have %d, want %d", d.Amount, want)
+		}
+		if got := int(d.Signature[0]); got != want {
+			t.Fatalf("invalid signature: have %d, want %d", got, want)
+		}
+		if d.Index != uint64(want) {
+			t.Fatalf("invalid index: have %d, want %d", d.Index, want)
+		}
+	}
+}

core/chain_makers.go

@@ -359,7 +359,18 @@ func GenerateChain(config *params.ChainConfig, parent *types.Block, engine conse
 			gen(i, b)
 		}
 
-		body := types.Body{Transactions: b.txs, Uncles: b.uncles, Withdrawals: b.withdrawals}
+		var requests types.Requests
+		if config.IsPrague(b.header.Number) {
+			for _, r := range b.receipts {
+				d, err := ParseDepositLogs(r.Logs, config)
+				if err != nil {
+					panic(fmt.Sprintf("failed to parse deposit log: %v", err))
+				}
+				requests = append(requests, d...)
+			}
+		}
+
+		body := types.Body{Transactions: b.txs, Uncles: b.uncles, Withdrawals: b.withdrawals, Requests: requests}
 		block, err := b.engine.FinalizeAndAssemble(cm, b.header, statedb, &body, b.receipts)
 		if err != nil {
 			panic(err)
@@ -381,7 +392,7 @@ func GenerateChain(config *params.ChainConfig, parent *types.Block, engine conse
 	defer triedb.Close()
 
 	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
-		statedb, err := state.New(parent.Root(), state.NewDatabaseWithNodeDB(db, triedb), nil)
+		statedb, err := state.New(parent.Root(), state.NewDatabase(triedb, nil))
 		if err != nil {
 			panic(err)
 		}
@@ -482,15 +493,14 @@ func GenerateVerkleChain(config *params.ChainConfig, parent *types.Block, engine
 			panic(fmt.Sprintf("trie write error: %v", err))
 		}
 
-		// TODO uncomment when proof generation is merged
+		proofs = append(proofs, block.ExecutionWitness().VerkleProof)
-		// proofs = append(proofs, block.ExecutionWitness().VerkleProof)
+		keyvals = append(keyvals, block.ExecutionWitness().StateDiff)
-		// keyvals = append(keyvals, block.ExecutionWitness().StateDiff)
 
 		return block, b.receipts
 	}
 
 	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
-		statedb, err := state.New(parent.Root(), state.NewDatabaseWithNodeDB(db, trdb), nil)
+		statedb, err := state.New(parent.Root(), state.NewDatabase(trdb, nil))
 		if err != nil {
 			panic(err)
 		}

core/dao_test.go

@@ -50,7 +50,6 @@ func TestDAOForkRangeExtradata(t *testing.T) {
 		BaseFee: big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee),
 		Config:  &proConf,
 	}
-
 	proBc, _ := NewBlockChain(proDb, nil, progspec, nil, ethash.NewFaker(), vm.Config{}, nil, nil, nil)
 	defer proBc.Stop()
 
@@ -63,7 +62,6 @@ func TestDAOForkRangeExtradata(t *testing.T) {
 		BaseFee: big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee),
 		Config:  &conConf,
 	}
-
 	conBc, _ := NewBlockChain(conDb, nil, congspec, nil, ethash.NewFaker(), vm.Config{}, nil, nil, nil)
 	defer conBc.Stop()
 

core/forkid/forkid_test.go

@@ -81,25 +81,6 @@ func TestCreation(t *testing.T) {
 				// {50000000, 2000000000, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0x9f3d2254), Next: 0}},          // Future Cancun block
 			},
 		},
-		// Goerli test cases
-		{
-			params.GoerliChainConfig,
-			core.DefaultGoerliGenesisBlock().ToBlock(),
-			[]testcase{
-				{0, 0, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xa3f5ab08), Next: 1561651}},       // Unsynced, last Frontier, Homestead, Tangerine, Spurious, Byzantium, Constantinople and first Petersburg block
-				{1561650, 0, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xa3f5ab08), Next: 1561651}}, // Last Petersburg block
-				{1561651, 0, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xc25efa5c), Next: 4460644}}, // First Istanbul block
-				{4460643, 0, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xc25efa5c), Next: 4460644}}, // Last Istanbul block
-				{4460644, 0, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0x757a1c47), Next: 5062605}}, // First Berlin block
-				{5000000, 0, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0x757a1c47), Next: 5062605}}, // Last Berlin block
-				// {5062605, 0, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xB8C6299D), Next: 1678832736}}, // First London block
-				// {6000000, 1678832735, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xB8C6299D), Next: 1678832736}}, // Last London block
-				// {6000001, 1678832736, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xf9843abf), Next: 1705473120}}, // First Shanghai block
-				// {6500002, 1705473119, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xf9843abf), Next: 1705473120}}, // Last Shanghai block
-				// {6500003, 1705473120, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0x70cc14e2), Next: 0}},          // First Cancun block
-				// {6500003, 2705473120, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0x70cc14e2), Next: 0}},          // Future Cancun block
-			},
-		},
 		// Sepolia test cases
 		{
 			params.SepoliaChainConfig,

core/genesis.go

@@ -141,8 +141,8 @@ func hashAlloc(ga *types.GenesisAlloc, isVerkle bool) (common.Hash, error) {
 	}
 	// Create an ephemeral in-memory database for computing hash,
 	// all the derived states will be discarded to not pollute disk.
-	db := state.NewDatabaseWithConfig(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), config)
+	db := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
-	statedb, err := state.New(types.EmptyRootHash, db, nil)
+	statedb, err := state.New(types.EmptyRootHash, state.NewDatabase(triedb.NewDatabase(db, config), nil))
 	if err != nil {
 		return common.Hash{}, err
 	}
@@ -161,13 +161,12 @@ func hashAlloc(ga *types.GenesisAlloc, isVerkle bool) (common.Hash, error) {
 	return statedb.Commit(0, false)
 }
 
-// flushAlloc is very similar with hash, but the main difference is all the generated
+// flushAlloc is very similar with hash, but the main difference is all the
-// states will be persisted into the given database. Also, the genesis state
+// generated states will be persisted into the given database.
-// specification will be flushed as well.
+func flushAlloc(ga *types.GenesisAlloc, triedb *triedb.Database) (common.Hash, error) {
-func flushAlloc(ga *types.GenesisAlloc, db ethdb.Database, triedb *triedb.Database, blockhash common.Hash) error {
+	statedb, err := state.New(types.EmptyRootHash, state.NewDatabase(triedb, nil))
-	statedb, err := state.New(types.EmptyRootHash, state.NewDatabaseWithNodeDB(db, triedb), nil)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return common.Hash{}, err
 	}
 
 	for addr, account := range *ga {
@@ -185,23 +184,15 @@ func flushAlloc(ga *types.GenesisAlloc, db ethdb.Database, triedb *triedb.Databa
 	}
 	root, err := statedb.Commit(0, false)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return common.Hash{}, err
 	}
 	// Commit newly generated states into disk if it's not empty.
 	if root != types.EmptyRootHash {
 		if err := triedb.Commit(root, true); err != nil {
-			return err
+			return common.Hash{}, err
 		}
 	}
-	// Marshal the genesis state specification and persist.
+	return root, nil
-	blob, err := json.Marshal(ga)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	rawdb.WriteGenesisStateSpec(db, blockhash, blob)
-
-	return nil
 }
 
 func getGenesisState(db ethdb.Database, blockhash common.Hash) (alloc types.GenesisAlloc, err error) {
@@ -223,8 +214,6 @@ func getGenesisState(db ethdb.Database, blockhash common.Hash) (alloc types.Gene
 	switch blockhash {
 	case params.MainnetGenesisHash:
 		genesis = DefaultGenesisBlock()
-	case params.GoerliGenesisHash:
-		genesis = DefaultGoerliGenesisBlock()
 	case params.SepoliaGenesisHash:
 		genesis = DefaultSepoliaGenesisBlock()
 	case params.HoleskyGenesisHash:
@@ -464,7 +453,11 @@ func (g *Genesis) ToBlock() *types.Block {
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
+	return g.toBlockWithRoot(root)
+}
 
+// toBlockWithRoot constructs the genesis block with the given genesis state root.
+func (g *Genesis) toBlockWithRoot(root common.Hash) *types.Block {
 	head := &types.Header{
 		Number:     new(big.Int).SetUint64(g.Number),
 		Nonce:      types.EncodeNonce(g.Nonce),
@@ -494,28 +487,43 @@ func (g *Genesis) ToBlock() *types.Block {
 			head.BaseFee = new(big.Int).SetUint64(params.InitialBaseFee)
 		}
 	}
-
+	var (
-	var withdrawals []*types.Withdrawal
+		withdrawals []*types.Withdrawal
+		requests    types.Requests
+	)
 	if conf := g.Config; conf != nil {
 		num := big.NewInt(int64(g.Number))
 		if conf.IsShanghai(num) {
-			head.WithdrawalsHash = nil
+			head.WithdrawalsHash = &types.EmptyWithdrawalsHash
-			withdrawals = nil
+			withdrawals = make([]*types.Withdrawal, 0)
 		}
 		if conf.IsCancun(num) {
-			head.ParentBeaconRoot = nil
+			// EIP-4788: The parentBeaconBlockRoot of the genesis block is always
-			head.ExcessBlobGas = nil
+			// the zero hash. This is because the genesis block does not have a parent
-			head.BlobGasUsed = nil
+			// by definition.
+			head.ParentBeaconRoot = new(common.Hash)
+			// EIP-4844 fields
+			head.ExcessBlobGas = g.ExcessBlobGas
+			head.BlobGasUsed = g.BlobGasUsed
+			if head.ExcessBlobGas == nil {
+				head.ExcessBlobGas = new(uint64)
+			}
+			if head.BlobGasUsed == nil {
+				head.BlobGasUsed = new(uint64)
 			}
 		}
-	return types.NewBlock(head, &types.Body{Withdrawals: withdrawals}, nil, trie.NewStackTrie(nil))
+		if conf.IsPrague(num) {
+			head.RequestsHash = &types.EmptyRequestsHash
+			requests = make(types.Requests, 0)
+		}
+	}
+	return types.NewBlock(head, &types.Body{Withdrawals: withdrawals, Requests: requests}, nil, trie.NewStackTrie(nil))
 }
 
 // Commit writes the block and state of a genesis specification to the database.
 // The block is committed as the canonical head block.
 func (g *Genesis) Commit(db ethdb.Database, triedb *triedb.Database) (*types.Block, error) {
-	block := g.ToBlock()
+	if g.Number != 0 {
-	if block.Number().Sign() != 0 {
 		return nil, errors.New("can't commit genesis block with number > 0")
 	}
 	config := g.Config
@@ -525,15 +533,22 @@ func (g *Genesis) Commit(db ethdb.Database, triedb *triedb.Database) (*types.Blo
 	if err := config.CheckConfigForkOrder(); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if config.Clique != nil && len(block.Extra()) < 32+crypto.SignatureLength {
+	if config.Clique != nil && len(g.ExtraData) < 32+crypto.SignatureLength {
 		return nil, errors.New("can't start clique chain without signers")
 	}
-	// All the checks has passed, flushAlloc the states derived from the genesis
+	// flush the data to disk and compute the state root
-	// specification as well as the specification itself into the provided
+	root, err := flushAlloc(&g.Alloc, triedb)
-	// database.
+	if err != nil {
-	if err := flushAlloc(&g.Alloc, db, triedb, block.Hash()); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	block := g.toBlockWithRoot(root)
+
+	// Marshal the genesis state specification and persist.
+	blob, err := json.Marshal(g.Alloc)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	rawdb.WriteGenesisStateSpec(db, block.Hash(), blob)
 	rawdb.WriteTd(db, block.Hash(), block.NumberU64(), block.Difficulty())
 	rawdb.WriteBlock(db, block)
 	rawdb.WriteReceipts(db, block.Hash(), block.NumberU64(), nil)
@@ -577,18 +592,6 @@ func DefaultGenesisBlock() *Genesis {
 	}
 }
 
-// DefaultGoerliGenesisBlock returns the Görli network genesis block.
-func DefaultGoerliGenesisBlock() *Genesis {
-	return &Genesis{
-		Config:     params.GoerliChainConfig,
-		Timestamp:  1548854791,
-		ExtraData:  hexutil.MustDecode("0x22466c6578692069732061207468696e6722202d204166726900000000000000e0a2bd4258d2768837baa26a28fe71dc079f84c70000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"),
-		GasLimit:   10485760,
-		Difficulty: big.NewInt(1),
-		Alloc:      decodePrealloc(goerliAllocData),
-	}
-}
-
 // DefaultSepoliaGenesisBlock returns the Sepolia network genesis block.
 func DefaultSepoliaGenesisBlock() *Genesis {
 	return &Genesis{
@@ -679,6 +682,8 @@ func DeveloperGenesisBlock(gasLimit uint64, faucet *common.Address) *Genesis {
 			common.BytesToAddress([]byte{9}): {Balance: big.NewInt(1)}, // BLAKE2b
 			// Pre-deploy EIP-4788 system contract
 			params.BeaconRootsAddress: {Nonce: 1, Code: params.BeaconRootsCode, Balance: common.Big0},
+			// Pre-deploy EIP-2935 history contract.
+			params.HistoryStorageAddress: {Nonce: 1, Code: params.HistoryStorageCode, Balance: common.Big0},
 		},
 	}
 	if faucet != nil {

core/genesis_test.go

@@ -35,15 +35,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/triedb/pathdb"
 )
 
-func TestInvalidCliqueConfig(t *testing.T) {
-	block := DefaultGoerliGenesisBlock()
-	block.ExtraData = []byte{}
-	db := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
-	if _, err := block.Commit(db, triedb.NewDatabase(db, nil)); err == nil {
-		t.Fatal("Expected error on invalid clique config")
-	}
-}
-
 func TestSetupGenesis(t *testing.T) {
 	testSetupGenesis(t, rawdb.HashScheme)
 	testSetupGenesis(t, rawdb.PathScheme)
@@ -106,15 +97,15 @@ func testSetupGenesis(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 			wantConfig: customg.Config,
 		},
 		{
-			name: "custom block in DB, genesis == goerli",
+			name: "custom block in DB, genesis == sepolia",
 			fn: func(db ethdb.Database) (*params.ChainConfig, common.Hash, error) {
 				tdb := triedb.NewDatabase(db, newDbConfig(scheme))
 				customg.Commit(db, tdb)
-				return SetupGenesisBlock(db, tdb, DefaultGoerliGenesisBlock())
+				return SetupGenesisBlock(db, tdb, DefaultSepoliaGenesisBlock())
 			},
-			wantErr:    &GenesisMismatchError{Stored: customghash, New: params.GoerliGenesisHash},
+			wantErr:    &GenesisMismatchError{Stored: customghash, New: params.SepoliaGenesisHash},
-			wantHash:   params.GoerliGenesisHash,
+			wantHash:   params.SepoliaGenesisHash,
-			wantConfig: params.GoerliChainConfig,
+			wantConfig: params.SepoliaChainConfig,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "compatible config in DB",
@@ -187,7 +178,6 @@ func TestGenesisHashes(t *testing.T) {
 		want    common.Hash
 	}{
 		{DefaultGenesisBlock(), params.MainnetGenesisHash},
-		{DefaultGoerliGenesisBlock(), params.GoerliGenesisHash},
 		{DefaultSepoliaGenesisBlock(), params.SepoliaGenesisHash},
 	} {
 		// Test via MustCommit
@@ -313,7 +303,7 @@ func TestVerkleGenesisCommit(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
-	expected := common.FromHex("14398d42be3394ff8d50681816a4b7bf8d8283306f577faba2d5bc57498de23b")
+	expected := common.FromHex("4a83dc39eb688dbcfaf581d60e82de18f875e38786ebce5833342011d6fef37b")
 	got := genesis.ToBlock().Root().Bytes()
 	if !bytes.Equal(got, expected) {
 		t.Fatalf("invalid genesis state root, expected %x, got %x", expected, got)

core/parallel_state_processor.go

@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ func (task *ExecutionTask) Execute(mvh *blockstm.MVHashMap, incarnation int) (er
 
 	// Apply the transaction to the current state (included in the env).
 	if *task.shouldDelayFeeCal {
-		task.result, err = ApplyMessageNoFeeBurnOrTip(evm, task.msg, new(GasPool).AddGas(task.gasLimit), nil)
+		task.result, err = ApplyMessageNoFeeBurnOrTip(evm, task.msg, new(GasPool).AddGas(task.gasLimit))
 
 		if task.result == nil || err != nil {
 			return blockstm.ErrExecAbortError{Dependency: task.statedb.DepTxIndex(), OriginError: err}
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ func (task *ExecutionTask) Execute(mvh *blockstm.MVHashMap, incarnation int) (er
 			task.shouldRerunWithoutFeeDelay = true
 		}
 	} else {
-		task.result, err = ApplyMessage(evm, &task.msg, new(GasPool).AddGas(task.gasLimit), nil)
+		task.result, err = ApplyMessage(evm, &task.msg, new(GasPool).AddGas(task.gasLimit))
 	}
 
 	if task.statedb.HadInvalidRead() || err != nil {
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ var parallelizabilityTimer = metrics.NewRegisteredTimer("block/parallelizability
 // returns the amount of gas that was used in the process. If any of the
 // transactions failed to execute due to insufficient gas it will return an error.
 // nolint:gocognit
-func (p *ParallelStateProcessor) Process(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, cfg vm.Config, interruptCtx context.Context) (types.Receipts, []*types.Log, uint64, error) {
+func (p *ParallelStateProcessor) Process(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, cfg vm.Config) (*ProcessResult, error) {
 	var (
 		receipts    types.Receipts
 		header      = block.Header()
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ func (p *ParallelStateProcessor) Process(block *types.Block, statedb *state.Stat
 		msg, err := TransactionToMessage(tx, types.MakeSigner(p.config, header.Number, header.Time), header.BaseFee)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Error("error creating message", "err", err)
-			return nil, nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("could not apply tx %d [%v]: %w", i, tx.Hash().Hex(), err)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not apply tx %d [%v]: %w", i, tx.Hash().Hex(), err)
 		}
 
 		cleansdb := statedb.Copy()
@@ -343,8 +343,9 @@ func (p *ParallelStateProcessor) Process(block *types.Block, statedb *state.Stat
 
 	backupStateDB := statedb.Copy()
 
+	ctx := context.Background()
 	profile := false
-	result, err := blockstm.ExecuteParallel(tasks, profile, metadata, p.bc.parallelSpeculativeProcesses, interruptCtx)
+	result, err := blockstm.ExecuteParallel(tasks, profile, metadata, p.bc.parallelSpeculativeProcesses, ctx)
 
 	if err == nil && profile && result.Deps != nil {
 		_, weight := result.Deps.LongestPath(*result.Stats)
@@ -378,20 +379,34 @@ func (p *ParallelStateProcessor) Process(block *types.Block, statedb *state.Stat
 				t.totalUsedGas = usedGas
 			}
 
-			_, err = blockstm.ExecuteParallel(tasks, false, metadata, p.bc.parallelSpeculativeProcesses, interruptCtx)
+			_, err = blockstm.ExecuteParallel(tasks, false, metadata, p.bc.parallelSpeculativeProcesses, ctx)
 
 			break
 		}
 	}
 
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, 0, err
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Read requests if Prague is enabled.
+	var requests types.Requests
+	if p.config.IsPrague(block.Number()) {
+		requests, err = ParseDepositLogs(allLogs, p.config)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Finalize the block, applying any consensus engine specific extras (e.g. block rewards)
 	p.engine.Finalize(p.bc, header, statedb, block.Body())
 
-	return receipts, allLogs, *usedGas, nil
+	return &ProcessResult{
+		Receipts: receipts,
+		Requests: requests,
+		Logs:     allLogs,
+		GasUsed:  *usedGas,
+	}, nil
 }
 
 func GetDeps(txDependency [][]uint64) map[int][]int {

core/rawdb/accessors_trie.go

@@ -303,6 +303,10 @@ func ParseStateScheme(provided string, disk ethdb.Database) (string, error) {
 		log.Info("State scheme set to already existing", "scheme", stored)
 		return stored, nil // reuse scheme of persistent scheme
 	}
+	// If state scheme is specified, ensure it's valid.
+	if provided != HashScheme && provided != PathScheme {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid state scheme %s", provided)
+	}
 	// If state scheme is specified, ensure it's compatible with
 	// persistent state.
 	if stored == "" || provided == stored {

core/rawdb/chain_iterator.go

@@ -92,6 +92,16 @@ func InitDatabaseFromFreezer(db ethdb.Database) {
 	log.Info("Initialized database from freezer", "blocks", frozen, "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)))
 }
 
+// adjustRangeForBor updates the range to index transactions if the ancient data was pruned before. This is
+// to avoid indexing/unindexing data which is already pruned (i.e. before the `offset` block number).
+func adjustRangeForBor(db ethdb.Database, from uint64) uint64 {
+	if offset := db.AncientOffSet(); offset > from {
+		from = offset
+	}
+
+	return from
+}
+
 type blockTxHashes struct {
 	number uint64
 	hashes []common.Hash
@@ -108,10 +118,6 @@ func iterateTransactions(db ethdb.Database, from uint64, to uint64, reverse bool
 		rlp    rlp.RawValue
 	}
 
-	if offset := db.AncientOffSet(); offset > from {
-		from = offset
-	}
-
 	if to <= from {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -206,6 +212,9 @@ func iterateTransactions(db ethdb.Database, from uint64, to uint64, reverse bool
 // There is a passed channel, the whole procedure will be interrupted if any
 // signal received.
 func indexTransactions(db ethdb.Database, from uint64, to uint64, interrupt chan struct{}, hook func(uint64) bool, report bool) {
+	// Adjust range if needed
+	from = adjustRangeForBor(db, from)
+
 	// short circuit for invalid range
 	if from >= to {
 		return
@@ -309,6 +318,9 @@ func indexTransactionsForTesting(db ethdb.Database, from uint64, to uint64, inte
 // There is a passed channel, the whole procedure will be interrupted if any
 // signal received.
 func unindexTransactions(db ethdb.Database, from uint64, to uint64, interrupt chan struct{}, hook func(uint64) bool, report bool) {
+	// Adjust range if needed
+	from = adjustRangeForBor(db, from)
+
 	// short circuit for invalid range
 	if from >= to {
 		return

core/rawdb/database.go

@@ -164,12 +164,6 @@ func (db *nofreezedb) ReadAncients(fn func(reader ethdb.AncientReaderOp) error)
 	return fn(db)
 }
 
-// MigrateTable processes the entries in a given table in sequence
-// converting them to a new format if they're of an old format.
-func (db *nofreezedb) MigrateTable(kind string, convert convertLegacyFn) error {
-	return errNotSupported
-}
-
 // AncientDatadir returns an error as we don't have a backing chain freezer.
 func (db *nofreezedb) AncientDatadir() (string, error) {
 	return "", errNotSupported

core/rawdb/freezer.go

@@ -54,13 +54,11 @@ var (
 // freezerTableSize defines the maximum size of freezer data files.
 const freezerTableSize = 2 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000
 
-// Freezer is a memory mapped append-only database to store immutable ordered
+// Freezer is an append-only database to store immutable ordered data into
-// data into flat files:
+// flat files:
 //
 // - The append-only nature ensures that disk writes are minimized.
-//   - The memory mapping ensures we can max out system memory for caching without
+// - The in-order data ensures that disk reads are always optimized.
-//     reserving it for go-ethereum. This would also reduce the memory requirements
-//     of Geth, and thus also GC overhead.
 type Freezer struct {
 	frozen atomic.Uint64 // Number of items already frozen
 	tail   atomic.Uint64 // Number of the first stored item in the freezer
@@ -162,7 +160,7 @@ func NewFreezer(datadir string, namespace string, readonly bool, offset uint64,
 	return freezer, nil
 }
 
-// Close terminates the chain freezer, unmapping all the data files.
+// Close terminates the chain freezer, closing all the data files.
 func (f *Freezer) Close() error {
 	f.writeLock.Lock()
 	defer f.writeLock.Unlock()

core/rawdb/freezer_memory.go

@@ -413,13 +413,6 @@ func (f *MemoryFreezer) Sync() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// MigrateTable processes and migrates entries of a given table to a new format.
-// The second argument is a function that takes a raw entry and returns it
-// in the newest format.
-func (f *MemoryFreezer) MigrateTable(string, func([]byte) ([]byte, error)) error {
-	return errors.New("not implemented")
-}
-
 // Close releases all the sources held by the memory freezer. It will panic if
 // any following invocation is made to a closed freezer.
 func (f *MemoryFreezer) Close() error {

core/rawdb/freezer_resettable.go

@@ -219,15 +219,6 @@ func (f *resettableFreezer) Sync() error {
 	return f.freezer.Sync()
 }
 
-// MigrateTable processes the entries in a given table in sequence
-// converting them to a new format if they're of an old format.
-func (f *resettableFreezer) MigrateTable(kind string, convert convertLegacyFn) error {
-	f.lock.RLock()
-	defer f.lock.RUnlock()
-
-	return f.freezer.MigrateTable(kind, convert)
-}
-
 // cleanup removes the directory located in the specified path
 // has the name with deletion marker suffix.
 func cleanup(path string) error {

core/rawdb/freezer_test.go

@@ -22,8 +22,6 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"math/big"
 	"math/rand"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -418,99 +416,6 @@ func checkAncientCount(t *testing.T, f *Freezer, kind string, n uint64) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestRenameWindows(t *testing.T) {
-	var (
-		fname   = "file.bin"
-		fname2  = "file2.bin"
-		data    = []byte{1, 2, 3, 4}
-		data2   = []byte{2, 3, 4, 5}
-		data3   = []byte{3, 5, 6, 7}
-		dataLen = 4
-	)
-
-	// Create 2 temp dirs
-	dir1 := t.TempDir()
-	dir2 := t.TempDir()
-
-	// Create file in dir1 and fill with data
-	f, err := os.Create(filepath.Join(dir1, fname))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	f2, err := os.Create(filepath.Join(dir1, fname2))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	f3, err := os.Create(filepath.Join(dir2, fname2))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	if _, err := f.Write(data); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	if _, err := f2.Write(data2); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	if _, err := f3.Write(data3); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	if err := f.Close(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	if err := f2.Close(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	if err := f3.Close(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	if err := os.Rename(f.Name(), filepath.Join(dir2, fname)); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	if err := os.Rename(f2.Name(), filepath.Join(dir2, fname2)); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	// Check file contents
-	f, err = os.Open(filepath.Join(dir2, fname))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	defer f.Close()
-	defer os.Remove(f.Name())
-
-	buf := make([]byte, dataLen)
-	if _, err := f.Read(buf); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	if !bytes.Equal(buf, data) {
-		t.Errorf("unexpected file contents. Got %v\n", buf)
-	}
-
-	f, err = os.Open(filepath.Join(dir2, fname2))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	defer f.Close()
-	defer os.Remove(f.Name())
-
-	if _, err := f.Read(buf); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	if !bytes.Equal(buf, data2) {
-		t.Errorf("unexpected file contents. Got %v\n", buf)
-	}
-}
-
 func TestFreezerCloseSync(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 

core/rawdb/table.go

@@ -123,12 +123,6 @@ func (t *table) Sync() error {
 	return t.db.Sync()
 }
 
-// MigrateTable processes the entries in a given table in sequence
-// converting them to a new format if they're of an old format.
-func (t *table) MigrateTable(kind string, convert convertLegacyFn) error {
-	return t.db.MigrateTable(kind, convert)
-}
-
 // AncientDatadir returns the ancient datadir of the underlying database.
 func (t *table) AncientDatadir() (string, error) {
 	return t.db.AncientDatadir()

core/state/access_events.go

@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ import (
 
 // mode specifies how a tree location has been accessed
 // for the byte value:
-// * the first bit is set if the branch has been edited
+// * the first bit is set if the branch has been read
-// * the second bit is set if the branch has been read
+// * the second bit is set if the branch has been edited
 type mode byte
 
 const (
@@ -94,11 +94,8 @@ func (ae *AccessEvents) Copy() *AccessEvents {
 // member fields of an account.
 func (ae *AccessEvents) AddAccount(addr common.Address, isWrite bool) uint64 {
 	var gas uint64
-	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.VersionLeafKey, isWrite)
+	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BasicDataLeafKey, isWrite)
-	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BalanceLeafKey, isWrite)
+	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeHashLeafKey, isWrite)
-	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.NonceLeafKey, isWrite)
-	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeKeccakLeafKey, isWrite)
-	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeSizeLeafKey, isWrite)
 	return gas
 }
 
@@ -107,8 +104,7 @@ func (ae *AccessEvents) AddAccount(addr common.Address, isWrite bool) uint64 {
 // call to that account.
 func (ae *AccessEvents) MessageCallGas(destination common.Address) uint64 {
 	var gas uint64
-	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(destination, zeroTreeIndex, utils.VersionLeafKey, false)
+	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(destination, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BasicDataLeafKey, false)
-	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(destination, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeSizeLeafKey, false)
 	return gas
 }
 
@@ -116,41 +112,43 @@ func (ae *AccessEvents) MessageCallGas(destination common.Address) uint64 {
 // cold balance member fields of the caller and the callee accounts.
 func (ae *AccessEvents) ValueTransferGas(callerAddr, targetAddr common.Address) uint64 {
 	var gas uint64
-	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(callerAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BalanceLeafKey, true)
+	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(callerAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BasicDataLeafKey, true)
-	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(targetAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BalanceLeafKey, true)
+	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(targetAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BasicDataLeafKey, true)
+	return gas
+}
+
+// ContractCreateCPreheck charges access costs before
+// a contract creation is initiated. It is just reads, because the
+// address collision is done before the transfer, and so no write
+// are guaranteed to happen at this point.
+func (ae *AccessEvents) ContractCreatePreCheckGas(addr common.Address) uint64 {
+	var gas uint64
+	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BasicDataLeafKey, false)
+	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeHashLeafKey, false)
 	return gas
 }
 
 // ContractCreateInitGas returns the access gas costs for the initialization of
 // a contract creation.
-func (ae *AccessEvents) ContractCreateInitGas(addr common.Address, createSendsValue bool) uint64 {
+func (ae *AccessEvents) ContractCreateInitGas(addr common.Address) uint64 {
 	var gas uint64
-	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.VersionLeafKey, true)
+	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BasicDataLeafKey, true)
-	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.NonceLeafKey, true)
+	gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeHashLeafKey, true)
-	if createSendsValue {
-		gas += ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BalanceLeafKey, true)
-	}
 	return gas
 }
 
 // AddTxOrigin adds the member fields of the sender account to the access event list,
 // so that cold accesses are not charged, since they are covered by the 21000 gas.
 func (ae *AccessEvents) AddTxOrigin(originAddr common.Address) {
-	ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(originAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.VersionLeafKey, false)
+	ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(originAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BasicDataLeafKey, true)
-	ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(originAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BalanceLeafKey, true)
+	ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(originAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeHashLeafKey, false)
-	ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(originAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.NonceLeafKey, true)
-	ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(originAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeKeccakLeafKey, false)
-	ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(originAddr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeSizeLeafKey, false)
 }
 
 // AddTxDestination adds the member fields of the sender account to the access event list,
 // so that cold accesses are not charged, since they are covered by the 21000 gas.
 func (ae *AccessEvents) AddTxDestination(addr common.Address, sendsValue bool) {
-	ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.VersionLeafKey, false)
+	ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BasicDataLeafKey, sendsValue)
-	ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BalanceLeafKey, sendsValue)
+	ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeHashLeafKey, false)
-	ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.NonceLeafKey, false)
-	ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeKeccakLeafKey, false)
-	ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeSizeLeafKey, false)
 }
 
 // SlotGas returns the amount of gas to be charged for a cold storage access.
@@ -275,39 +273,12 @@ func (ae *AccessEvents) CodeChunksRangeGas(contractAddr common.Address, startPC,
 	return statelessGasCharged
 }
 
-// VersionGas adds the account's version to the accessed data, and returns the
+// BasicDataGas adds the account's basic data to the accessed data, and returns the
 // amount of gas that it costs.
 // Note that an access in write mode implies an access in read mode, whereas an
 // access in read mode does not imply an access in write mode.
-func (ae *AccessEvents) VersionGas(addr common.Address, isWrite bool) uint64 {
+func (ae *AccessEvents) BasicDataGas(addr common.Address, isWrite bool) uint64 {
-	return ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.VersionLeafKey, isWrite)
+	return ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BasicDataLeafKey, isWrite)
-}
-
-// BalanceGas adds the account's balance to the accessed data, and returns the
-// amount of gas that it costs.
-// in write mode. If false, the charged gas corresponds to an access in read mode.
-// Note that an access in write mode implies an access in read mode, whereas an access in
-// read mode does not imply an access in write mode.
-func (ae *AccessEvents) BalanceGas(addr common.Address, isWrite bool) uint64 {
-	return ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.BalanceLeafKey, isWrite)
-}
-
-// NonceGas adds the account's nonce to the accessed data, and returns the
-// amount of gas that it costs.
-// in write mode. If false, the charged gas corresponds to an access in read mode.
-// Note that an access in write mode implies an access in read mode, whereas an access in
-// read mode does not imply an access in write mode.
-func (ae *AccessEvents) NonceGas(addr common.Address, isWrite bool) uint64 {
-	return ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.NonceLeafKey, isWrite)
-}
-
-// CodeSizeGas adds the account's code size to the accessed data, and returns the
-// amount of gas that it costs.
-// in write mode. If false, the charged gas corresponds to an access in read mode.
-// Note that an access in write mode implies an access in read mode, whereas an access in
-// read mode does not imply an access in write mode.
-func (ae *AccessEvents) CodeSizeGas(addr common.Address, isWrite bool) uint64 {
-	return ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeSizeLeafKey, isWrite)
 }
 
 // CodeHashGas adds the account's code hash to the accessed data, and returns the
@@ -316,5 +287,5 @@ func (ae *AccessEvents) CodeSizeGas(addr common.Address, isWrite bool) uint64 {
 // Note that an access in write mode implies an access in read mode, whereas an access in
 // read mode does not imply an access in write mode.
 func (ae *AccessEvents) CodeHashGas(addr common.Address, isWrite bool) uint64 {
-	return ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeKeccakLeafKey, isWrite)
+	return ae.touchAddressAndChargeGas(addr, zeroTreeIndex, utils.CodeHashLeafKey, isWrite)
 }

core/state/access_events_test.go

@@ -40,55 +40,43 @@ func TestAccountHeaderGas(t *testing.T) {
 	ae := NewAccessEvents(utils.NewPointCache(1024))
 
 	// Check cold read cost
-	gas := ae.VersionGas(testAddr, false)
+	gas := ae.BasicDataGas(testAddr, false)
 	if want := params.WitnessBranchReadCost + params.WitnessChunkReadCost; gas != want {
 		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, want)
 	}
 
 	// Check warm read cost
-	gas = ae.VersionGas(testAddr, false)
+	gas = ae.BasicDataGas(testAddr, false)
 	if gas != 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, 0)
 	}
 
 	// Check cold read costs in the same group no longer incur the branch read cost
-	gas = ae.BalanceGas(testAddr, false)
-	if gas != params.WitnessChunkReadCost {
-		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, params.WitnessChunkReadCost)
-	}
-	gas = ae.NonceGas(testAddr, false)
-	if gas != params.WitnessChunkReadCost {
-		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, params.WitnessChunkReadCost)
-	}
-	gas = ae.CodeSizeGas(testAddr, false)
-	if gas != params.WitnessChunkReadCost {
-		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, params.WitnessChunkReadCost)
-	}
 	gas = ae.CodeHashGas(testAddr, false)
 	if gas != params.WitnessChunkReadCost {
 		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, params.WitnessChunkReadCost)
 	}
 
 	// Check cold write cost
-	gas = ae.VersionGas(testAddr, true)
+	gas = ae.BasicDataGas(testAddr, true)
 	if want := params.WitnessBranchWriteCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost; gas != want {
 		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, want)
 	}
 
 	// Check warm write cost
-	gas = ae.VersionGas(testAddr, true)
+	gas = ae.BasicDataGas(testAddr, true)
 	if gas != 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, 0)
 	}
 
 	// Check a write without a read charges both read and write costs
-	gas = ae.BalanceGas(testAddr2, true)
+	gas = ae.BasicDataGas(testAddr2, true)
 	if want := params.WitnessBranchReadCost + params.WitnessBranchWriteCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + params.WitnessChunkReadCost; gas != want {
 		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, want)
 	}
 
 	// Check that a write followed by a read charges nothing
-	gas = ae.BalanceGas(testAddr2, false)
+	gas = ae.BasicDataGas(testAddr2, false)
 	if gas != 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, 0)
 	}
@@ -112,13 +100,13 @@ func TestContractCreateInitGas(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// Check cold read cost, without a value
-	gas := ae.ContractCreateInitGas(testAddr, false)
+	gas := ae.ContractCreateInitGas(testAddr)
-	if want := params.WitnessBranchWriteCost + params.WitnessBranchReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost*2 + params.WitnessChunkReadCost*2; gas != want {
+	if want := params.WitnessBranchWriteCost + params.WitnessBranchReadCost + 2*params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + 2*params.WitnessChunkReadCost; gas != want {
 		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, want)
 	}
 
 	// Check warm read cost
-	gas = ae.ContractCreateInitGas(testAddr, false)
+	gas = ae.ContractCreateInitGas(testAddr)
 	if gas != 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, 0)
 	}
@@ -131,17 +119,17 @@ func TestMessageCallGas(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Check cold read cost, without a value
 	gas := ae.MessageCallGas(testAddr)
-	if want := params.WitnessBranchReadCost + params.WitnessChunkReadCost*2; gas != want {
+	if want := params.WitnessBranchReadCost + params.WitnessChunkReadCost; gas != want {
 		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, want)
 	}
 
-	// Check that reading the version and code size of the same account does not incur the branch read cost
+	// Check that reading the basic data and code hash of the same account does not incur the branch read cost
-	gas = ae.VersionGas(testAddr, false)
+	gas = ae.BasicDataGas(testAddr, false)
 	if gas != 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, 0)
 	}
-	gas = ae.CodeSizeGas(testAddr, false)
+	gas = ae.CodeHashGas(testAddr, false)
-	if gas != 0 {
+	if gas != params.WitnessChunkReadCost {
 		t.Fatalf("incorrect gas computed, got %d, want %d", gas, 0)
 	}
 

core/state/database.go

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/lru"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state/snapshot"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
@@ -45,29 +46,29 @@ const (
 
 // Database wraps access to tries and contract code.
 type Database interface {
+	// Reader returns a state reader associated with the specified state root.
+	Reader(root common.Hash) (Reader, error)
+
 	// OpenTrie opens the main account trie.
 	OpenTrie(root common.Hash) (Trie, error)
 
 	// OpenStorageTrie opens the storage trie of an account.
 	OpenStorageTrie(stateRoot common.Hash, address common.Address, root common.Hash, trie Trie) (Trie, error)
 
-	// CopyTrie returns an independent copy of the given trie.
-	CopyTrie(Trie) Trie
-
 	// ContractCode retrieves a particular contract's code.
 	ContractCode(addr common.Address, codeHash common.Hash) ([]byte, error)
 
 	// ContractCodeSize retrieves a particular contracts code's size.
 	ContractCodeSize(addr common.Address, codeHash common.Hash) (int, error)
 
-	// DiskDB returns the underlying key-value disk database.
-	DiskDB() ethdb.KeyValueStore
-
 	// PointCache returns the cache holding points used in verkle tree key computation
 	PointCache() *utils.PointCache
 
 	// TrieDB returns the underlying trie database for managing trie nodes.
 	TrieDB() *triedb.Database
+
+	// Snapshot returns the underlying state snapshot.
+	Snapshot() *snapshot.Tree
 }
 
 // Trie is a Ethereum Merkle Patricia trie.
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ type Trie interface {
 	// UpdateAccount abstracts an account write to the trie. It encodes the
 	// provided account object with associated algorithm and then updates it
 	// in the trie with provided address.
-	UpdateAccount(address common.Address, account *types.StateAccount) error
+	UpdateAccount(address common.Address, account *types.StateAccount, codeLen int) error
 
 	// UpdateStorage associates key with value in the trie. If value has length zero,
 	// any existing value is deleted from the trie. The value bytes must not be modified
@@ -147,47 +148,62 @@ type Trie interface {
 	IsVerkle() bool
 }
 
-// NewDatabase creates a backing store for state. The returned database is safe for
+// CachingDB is an implementation of Database interface. It leverages both trie and
-// concurrent use, but does not retain any recent trie nodes in memory. To keep some
+// state snapshot to provide functionalities for state access. It's meant to be a
-// historical state in memory, use the NewDatabaseWithConfig constructor.
+// long-live object and has a few caches inside for sharing between blocks.
-func NewDatabase(db ethdb.Database) Database {
+type CachingDB struct {
-	return NewDatabaseWithConfig(db, nil)
-}
-
-// NewDatabaseWithConfig creates a backing store for state. The returned database
-// is safe for concurrent use and retains a lot of collapsed RLP trie nodes in a
-// large memory cache.
-func NewDatabaseWithConfig(db ethdb.Database, config *triedb.Config) Database {
-	return &cachingDB{
-		disk:          db,
-		codeSizeCache: lru.NewCache[common.Hash, int](codeSizeCacheSize),
-		codeCache:     lru.NewSizeConstrainedCache[common.Hash, []byte](codeCacheSize),
-		triedb:        triedb.NewDatabase(db, config),
-		pointCache:    utils.NewPointCache(pointCacheSize),
-	}
-}
-
-// NewDatabaseWithNodeDB creates a state database with an already initialized node database.
-func NewDatabaseWithNodeDB(db ethdb.Database, triedb *triedb.Database) Database {
-	return &cachingDB{
-		disk:          db,
-		codeSizeCache: lru.NewCache[common.Hash, int](codeSizeCacheSize),
-		codeCache:     lru.NewSizeConstrainedCache[common.Hash, []byte](codeCacheSize),
-		triedb:        triedb,
-		pointCache:    utils.NewPointCache(pointCacheSize),
-	}
-}
-
-type cachingDB struct {
 	disk          ethdb.KeyValueStore
-	codeSizeCache *lru.Cache[common.Hash, int]
-	codeCache     *lru.SizeConstrainedCache[common.Hash, []byte]
 	triedb        *triedb.Database
+	snap          *snapshot.Tree
+	codeCache     *lru.SizeConstrainedCache[common.Hash, []byte]
+	codeSizeCache *lru.Cache[common.Hash, int]
 	pointCache    *utils.PointCache
 }
 
+// NewDatabase creates a state database with the provided data sources.
+func NewDatabase(triedb *triedb.Database, snap *snapshot.Tree) *CachingDB {
+	return &CachingDB{
+		disk:          triedb.Disk(),
+		triedb:        triedb,
+		snap:          snap,
+		codeCache:     lru.NewSizeConstrainedCache[common.Hash, []byte](codeCacheSize),
+		codeSizeCache: lru.NewCache[common.Hash, int](codeSizeCacheSize),
+		pointCache:    utils.NewPointCache(pointCacheSize),
+	}
+}
+
+// NewDatabaseForTesting is similar to NewDatabase, but it initializes the caching
+// db by using an ephemeral memory db with default config for testing.
+func NewDatabaseForTesting() *CachingDB {
+	return NewDatabase(triedb.NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), nil), nil)
+}
+
+// Reader returns a state reader associated with the specified state root.
+func (db *CachingDB) Reader(stateRoot common.Hash) (Reader, error) {
+	var readers []Reader
+
+	// Set up the state snapshot reader if available. This feature
+	// is optional and may be partially useful if it's not fully
+	// generated.
+	if db.snap != nil {
+		sr, err := newStateReader(stateRoot, db.snap)
+		if err == nil {
+			readers = append(readers, sr) // snap reader is optional
+		}
+	}
+	// Set up the trie reader, which is expected to always be available
+	// as the gatekeeper unless the state is corrupted.
+	tr, err := newTrieReader(stateRoot, db.triedb, db.pointCache)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	readers = append(readers, tr)
+
+	return newMultiReader(readers...)
+}
+
 // OpenTrie opens the main account trie at a specific root hash.
-func (db *cachingDB) OpenTrie(root common.Hash) (Trie, error) {
+func (db *CachingDB) OpenTrie(root common.Hash) (Trie, error) {
 	if db.triedb.IsVerkle() {
 		return trie.NewVerkleTrie(root, db.triedb, db.pointCache)
 	}
@@ -200,7 +216,7 @@ func (db *cachingDB) OpenTrie(root common.Hash) (Trie, error) {
 }
 
 // OpenStorageTrie opens the storage trie of an account.
-func (db *cachingDB) OpenStorageTrie(stateRoot common.Hash, address common.Address, root common.Hash, self Trie) (Trie, error) {
+func (db *CachingDB) OpenStorageTrie(stateRoot common.Hash, address common.Address, root common.Hash, self Trie) (Trie, error) {
 	// In the verkle case, there is only one tree. But the two-tree structure
 	// is hardcoded in the codebase. So we need to return the same trie in this
 	// case.
@@ -215,20 +231,8 @@ func (db *cachingDB) OpenStorageTrie(stateRoot common.Hash, address common.Addre
 	return tr, nil
 }
 
-// CopyTrie returns an independent copy of the given trie.
-func (db *cachingDB) CopyTrie(t Trie) Trie {
-	switch t := t.(type) {
-	case *trie.StateTrie:
-		return t.Copy()
-	case *trie.VerkleTrie:
-		return t.Copy()
-	default:
-		panic(fmt.Errorf("unknown trie type %T", t))
-	}
-}
-
 // ContractCode retrieves a particular contract's code.
-func (db *cachingDB) ContractCode(address common.Address, codeHash common.Hash) ([]byte, error) {
+func (db *CachingDB) ContractCode(address common.Address, codeHash common.Hash) ([]byte, error) {
 	code, _ := db.codeCache.Get(codeHash)
 	if len(code) > 0 {
 		return code, nil
@@ -249,7 +253,7 @@ func (db *cachingDB) ContractCode(address common.Address, codeHash common.Hash)
 // ContractCodeWithPrefix retrieves a particular contract's code. If the
 // code can't be found in the cache, then check the existence with **new**
 // db scheme.
-func (db *cachingDB) ContractCodeWithPrefix(address common.Address, codeHash common.Hash) ([]byte, error) {
+func (db *CachingDB) ContractCodeWithPrefix(address common.Address, codeHash common.Hash) ([]byte, error) {
 	code, _ := db.codeCache.Get(codeHash)
 	if len(code) > 0 {
 		return code, nil
@@ -268,7 +272,7 @@ func (db *cachingDB) ContractCodeWithPrefix(address common.Address, codeHash com
 }
 
 // ContractCodeSize retrieves a particular contracts code's size.
-func (db *cachingDB) ContractCodeSize(addr common.Address, codeHash common.Hash) (int, error) {
+func (db *CachingDB) ContractCodeSize(addr common.Address, codeHash common.Hash) (int, error) {
 	if cached, ok := db.codeSizeCache.Get(codeHash); ok {
 		return cached, nil
 	}
@@ -276,17 +280,29 @@ func (db *cachingDB) ContractCodeSize(addr common.Address, codeHash common.Hash)
 	return len(code), err
 }
 
-// DiskDB returns the underlying key-value disk database.
-func (db *cachingDB) DiskDB() ethdb.KeyValueStore {
-	return db.disk
-}
-
 // TrieDB retrieves any intermediate trie-node caching layer.
-func (db *cachingDB) TrieDB() *triedb.Database {
+func (db *CachingDB) TrieDB() *triedb.Database {
 	return db.triedb
 }
 
 // PointCache returns the cache of evaluated curve points.
-func (db *cachingDB) PointCache() *utils.PointCache {
+func (db *CachingDB) PointCache() *utils.PointCache {
 	return db.pointCache
 }
+
+// Snapshot returns the underlying state snapshot.
+func (db *CachingDB) Snapshot() *snapshot.Tree {
+	return db.snap
+}
+
+// mustCopyTrie returns a deep-copied trie.
+func mustCopyTrie(t Trie) Trie {
+	switch t := t.(type) {
+	case *trie.StateTrie:
+		return t.Copy()
+	case *trie.VerkleTrie:
+		return t.Copy()
+	default:
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("unknown trie type %T", t))
+	}
+}

core/state/iterator_test.go

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ func testNodeIteratorCoverage(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 	db, sdb, ndb, root, _ := makeTestState(scheme)
 	ndb.Commit(root, false)
 
-	state, err := New(root, sdb, nil)
+	state, err := New(root, sdb)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create state trie at %x: %v", root, err)
 	}

core/state/journal.go

@@ -17,13 +17,21 @@
 package state
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"maps"
+	"slices"
+	"sort"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/blockstm"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/holiman/uint256"
 )
 
+type revision struct {
+	id           int
+	journalIndex int
+}
+
 // journalEntry is a modification entry in the state change journal that can be
 // reverted on demand.
 type journalEntry interface {
@@ -43,6 +51,9 @@ type journalEntry interface {
 type journal struct {
 	entries []journalEntry         // Current changes tracked by the journal
 	dirties map[common.Address]int // Dirty accounts and the number of changes
+
+	validRevisions []revision
+	nextRevisionId int
 }
 
 // newJournal creates a new initialized journal.
@@ -52,6 +63,40 @@ func newJournal() *journal {
 	}
 }
 
+// reset clears the journal, after this operation the journal can be used anew.
+// It is semantically similar to calling 'newJournal', but the underlying slices
+// can be reused.
+func (j *journal) reset() {
+	j.entries = j.entries[:0]
+	j.validRevisions = j.validRevisions[:0]
+	clear(j.dirties)
+	j.nextRevisionId = 0
+}
+
+// snapshot returns an identifier for the current revision of the state.
+func (j *journal) snapshot() int {
+	id := j.nextRevisionId
+	j.nextRevisionId++
+	j.validRevisions = append(j.validRevisions, revision{id, j.length()})
+	return id
+}
+
+// revertToSnapshot reverts all state changes made since the given revision.
+func (j *journal) revertToSnapshot(revid int, s *StateDB) {
+	// Find the snapshot in the stack of valid snapshots.
+	idx := sort.Search(len(j.validRevisions), func(i int) bool {
+		return j.validRevisions[i].id >= revid
+	})
+	if idx == len(j.validRevisions) || j.validRevisions[idx].id != revid {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("revision id %v cannot be reverted", revid))
+	}
+	snapshot := j.validRevisions[idx].journalIndex
+
+	// Replay the journal to undo changes and remove invalidated snapshots
+	j.revert(s, snapshot)
+	j.validRevisions = j.validRevisions[:idx]
+}
+
 // append inserts a new modification entry to the end of the change journal.
 func (j *journal) append(entry journalEntry) {
 	j.entries = append(j.entries, entry)
@@ -99,46 +144,120 @@ func (j *journal) copy() *journal {
 	return &journal{
 		entries:        entries,
 		dirties:        maps.Clone(j.dirties),
+		validRevisions: slices.Clone(j.validRevisions),
+		nextRevisionId: j.nextRevisionId,
 	}
 }
 
+func (j *journal) logChange(txHash common.Hash) {
+	j.append(addLogChange{txhash: txHash})
+}
+
+func (j *journal) createObject(addr common.Address) {
+	j.append(createObjectChange{account: addr})
+}
+
+func (j *journal) createContract(addr common.Address) {
+	j.append(createContractChange{account: addr})
+}
+
+func (j *journal) destruct(addr common.Address) {
+	j.append(selfDestructChange{account: addr})
+}
+
+func (j *journal) storageChange(addr common.Address, key, prev, origin common.Hash) {
+	j.append(storageChange{
+		account:   addr,
+		key:       key,
+		prevvalue: prev,
+		origvalue: origin,
+	})
+}
+
+func (j *journal) transientStateChange(addr common.Address, key, prev common.Hash) {
+	j.append(transientStorageChange{
+		account:  addr,
+		key:      key,
+		prevalue: prev,
+	})
+}
+
+func (j *journal) refundChange(previous uint64) {
+	j.append(refundChange{prev: previous})
+}
+
+func (j *journal) balanceChange(addr common.Address, previous *uint256.Int) {
+	j.append(balanceChange{
+		account: addr,
+		prev:    previous.Clone(),
+	})
+}
+
+func (j *journal) setCode(address common.Address) {
+	j.append(codeChange{account: address})
+}
+
+func (j *journal) nonceChange(address common.Address, prev uint64) {
+	j.append(nonceChange{
+		account: address,
+		prev:    prev,
+	})
+}
+
+func (j *journal) touchChange(address common.Address) {
+	j.append(touchChange{
+		account: address,
+	})
+	if address == ripemd {
+		// Explicitly put it in the dirty-cache, which is otherwise generated from
+		// flattened journals.
+		j.dirty(address)
+	}
+}
+
+func (j *journal) accessListAddAccount(addr common.Address) {
+	j.append(accessListAddAccountChange{addr})
+}
+
+func (j *journal) accessListAddSlot(addr common.Address, slot common.Hash) {
+	j.append(accessListAddSlotChange{
+		address: addr,
+		slot:    slot,
+	})
+}
+
 type (
 	// Changes to the account trie.
 	createObjectChange struct {
-		account *common.Address
+		account common.Address
 	}
-
 	// createContractChange represents an account becoming a contract-account.
 	// This event happens prior to executing initcode. The journal-event simply
 	// manages the created-flag, in order to allow same-tx destruction.
 	createContractChange struct {
 		account common.Address
 	}
-
 	selfDestructChange struct {
-		account     *common.Address
+		account common.Address
-		prev        bool // whether account had already self-destructed
-		prevbalance *uint256.Int
 	}
 
 	// Changes to individual accounts.
 	balanceChange struct {
-		account *common.Address
+		account common.Address
 		prev    *uint256.Int
 	}
 	nonceChange struct {
-		account *common.Address
+		account common.Address
 		prev    uint64
 	}
 	storageChange struct {
-		account   *common.Address
+		account   common.Address
 		key       common.Hash
 		prevvalue common.Hash
 		origvalue common.Hash
 	}
 	codeChange struct {
-		account            *common.Address
+		account common.Address
-		prevcode, prevhash []byte
 	}
 
 	// Changes to other state values.
@@ -148,36 +267,32 @@ type (
 	addLogChange struct {
 		txhash common.Hash
 	}
-	addPreimageChange struct {
-		hash common.Hash
-	}
 	touchChange struct {
-		account *common.Address
+		account common.Address
 	}
 
 	// Changes to the access list
 	accessListAddAccountChange struct {
-		address *common.Address
+		address common.Address
 	}
 	accessListAddSlotChange struct {
-		address *common.Address
+		address common.Address
-		slot    *common.Hash
+		slot    common.Hash
 	}
 
 	// Changes to transient storage
 	transientStorageChange struct {
-		account       *common.Address
+		account       common.Address
 		key, prevalue common.Hash
 	}
 )
 
 func (ch createObjectChange) revert(s *StateDB) {
-	delete(s.stateObjects, *ch.account)
+	delete(s.stateObjects, ch.account)
-	RevertWrite(s, blockstm.NewAddressKey(*ch.account))
 }
 
 func (ch createObjectChange) dirtied() *common.Address {
-	return ch.account
+	return &ch.account
 }
 
 func (ch createObjectChange) copy() journalEntry {
@@ -201,23 +316,19 @@ func (ch createContractChange) copy() journalEntry {
 }
 
 func (ch selfDestructChange) revert(s *StateDB) {
-	obj := s.getStateObject(*ch.account)
+	obj := s.getStateObject(ch.account)
 	if obj != nil {
-		obj.selfDestructed = ch.prev
+		obj.selfDestructed = false
-		obj.setBalance(ch.prevbalance)
-		RevertWrite(s, blockstm.NewSubpathKey(*ch.account, SuicidePath))
 	}
 }
 
 func (ch selfDestructChange) dirtied() *common.Address {
-	return ch.account
+	return &ch.account
 }
 
 func (ch selfDestructChange) copy() journalEntry {
 	return selfDestructChange{
 		account: ch.account,
-		prev:        ch.prev,
-		prevbalance: new(uint256.Int).Set(ch.prevbalance),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -227,7 +338,7 @@ func (ch touchChange) revert(s *StateDB) {
 }
 
 func (ch touchChange) dirtied() *common.Address {
-	return ch.account
+	return &ch.account
 }
 
 func (ch touchChange) copy() journalEntry {
@@ -237,11 +348,11 @@ func (ch touchChange) copy() journalEntry {
 }
 
 func (ch balanceChange) revert(s *StateDB) {
-	s.getStateObject(*ch.account).setBalance(ch.prev)
+	s.getStateObject(ch.account).setBalance(ch.prev)
 }
 
 func (ch balanceChange) dirtied() *common.Address {
-	return ch.account
+	return &ch.account
 }
 
 func (ch balanceChange) copy() journalEntry {
@@ -252,11 +363,11 @@ func (ch balanceChange) copy() journalEntry {
 }
 
 func (ch nonceChange) revert(s *StateDB) {
-	s.getStateObject(*ch.account).setNonce(ch.prev)
+	s.getStateObject(ch.account).setNonce(ch.prev)
 }
 
 func (ch nonceChange) dirtied() *common.Address {
-	return ch.account
+	return &ch.account
 }
 
 func (ch nonceChange) copy() journalEntry {
@@ -267,29 +378,23 @@ func (ch nonceChange) copy() journalEntry {
 }
 
 func (ch codeChange) revert(s *StateDB) {
-	s.getStateObject(*ch.account).setCode(common.BytesToHash(ch.prevhash), ch.prevcode)
+	s.getStateObject(ch.account).setCode(types.EmptyCodeHash, nil)
-	RevertWrite(s, blockstm.NewSubpathKey(*ch.account, CodePath))
 }
 
 func (ch codeChange) dirtied() *common.Address {
-	return ch.account
+	return &ch.account
 }
 
 func (ch codeChange) copy() journalEntry {
-	return codeChange{
+	return codeChange{account: ch.account}
-		account:  ch.account,
-		prevhash: common.CopyBytes(ch.prevhash),
-		prevcode: common.CopyBytes(ch.prevcode),
-	}
 }
 
 func (ch storageChange) revert(s *StateDB) {
-	s.getStateObject(*ch.account).setState(ch.key, ch.prevvalue, ch.origvalue)
+	s.getStateObject(ch.account).setState(ch.key, ch.prevvalue, ch.origvalue)
-	RevertWrite(s, blockstm.NewStateKey(*ch.account, ch.key))
 }
 
 func (ch storageChange) dirtied() *common.Address {
-	return ch.account
+	return &ch.account
 }
 
 func (ch storageChange) copy() journalEntry {
@@ -301,7 +406,7 @@ func (ch storageChange) copy() journalEntry {
 }
 
 func (ch transientStorageChange) revert(s *StateDB) {
-	s.setTransientState(*ch.account, ch.key, ch.prevalue)
+	s.setTransientState(ch.account, ch.key, ch.prevalue)
 }
 
 func (ch transientStorageChange) dirtied() *common.Address {
@@ -351,20 +456,6 @@ func (ch addLogChange) copy() journalEntry {
 	}
 }
 
-func (ch addPreimageChange) revert(s *StateDB) {
-	delete(s.preimages, ch.hash)
-}
-
-func (ch addPreimageChange) dirtied() *common.Address {
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (ch addPreimageChange) copy() journalEntry {
-	return addPreimageChange{
-		hash: ch.hash,
-	}
-}
-
 func (ch accessListAddAccountChange) revert(s *StateDB) {
 	/*
 		One important invariant here, is that whenever a (addr, slot) is added, if the
@@ -375,7 +466,7 @@ func (ch accessListAddAccountChange) revert(s *StateDB) {
 		(addr) at this point, since no storage adds can remain when come upon
 		a single (addr) change.
 	*/
-	s.accessList.DeleteAddress(*ch.address)
+	s.accessList.DeleteAddress(ch.address)
 }
 
 func (ch accessListAddAccountChange) dirtied() *common.Address {
@@ -389,7 +480,7 @@ func (ch accessListAddAccountChange) copy() journalEntry {
 }
 
 func (ch accessListAddSlotChange) revert(s *StateDB) {
-	s.accessList.DeleteSlot(*ch.address, *ch.slot)
+	s.accessList.DeleteSlot(ch.address, ch.slot)
 }
 
 func (ch accessListAddSlotChange) dirtied() *common.Address {

core/state/metrics.go

@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ package state
 import "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/metrics"
 
 var (
+	accountReadMeters        = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("state/read/accounts", nil)
+	storageReadMeters        = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("state/read/storage", nil)
 	accountUpdatedMeter      = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("state/update/account", nil)
 	storageUpdatedMeter      = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("state/update/storage", nil)
 	accountDeletedMeter      = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("state/delete/account", nil)

core/state/pruner/pruner.go

@@ -274,11 +274,10 @@ func (p *Pruner) Prune(root common.Hash) error {
 	// is the presence of root can indicate the presence of the
 	// entire trie.
 	if !rawdb.HasLegacyTrieNode(p.db, root) {
-		// The special case is for clique based networks(goerli
+		// The special case is for clique based networks, it's possible
-		// and some other private networks), it's possible that two
+		// that two consecutive blocks will have same root. In this case
-		// consecutive blocks will have same root. In this case snapshot
+		// snapshot difflayer won't be created. So HEAD-127 may not paired
-		// difflayer won't be created. So HEAD-127 may not paired with
+		// with head-127 layer. Instead the paired layer is higher than the
-		// head-127 layer. Instead the paired layer is higher than the
 		// bottom-most diff layer. Try to find the bottom-most snapshot
 		// layer with state available.
 		//

core/state/reader.go

@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package state
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"maps"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state/snapshot"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie/utils"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/triedb"
+)
+
+// Reader defines the interface for accessing accounts and storage slots
+// associated with a specific state.
+type Reader interface {
+	// Account retrieves the account associated with a particular address.
+	//
+	// - Returns a nil account if it does not exist
+	// - Returns an error only if an unexpected issue occurs
+	// - The returned account is safe to modify after the call
+	Account(addr common.Address) (*types.StateAccount, error)
+
+	// Storage retrieves the storage slot associated with a particular account
+	// address and slot key.
+	//
+	// - Returns an empty slot if it does not exist
+	// - Returns an error only if an unexpected issue occurs
+	// - The returned storage slot is safe to modify after the call
+	Storage(addr common.Address, slot common.Hash) (common.Hash, error)
+
+	// Copy returns a deep-copied state reader.
+	Copy() Reader
+}
+
+// stateReader is a wrapper over the state snapshot and implements the Reader
+// interface. It provides an efficient way to access flat state.
+type stateReader struct {
+	snap snapshot.Snapshot
+	buff crypto.KeccakState
+}
+
+// newStateReader constructs a flat state reader with on the specified state root.
+func newStateReader(root common.Hash, snaps *snapshot.Tree) (*stateReader, error) {
+	snap := snaps.Snapshot(root)
+	if snap == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("snapshot is not available")
+	}
+	return &stateReader{
+		snap: snap,
+		buff: crypto.NewKeccakState(),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// Account implements Reader, retrieving the account specified by the address.
+//
+// An error will be returned if the associated snapshot is already stale or
+// the requested account is not yet covered by the snapshot.
+//
+// The returned account might be nil if it's not existent.
+func (r *stateReader) Account(addr common.Address) (*types.StateAccount, error) {
+	ret, err := r.snap.Account(crypto.HashData(r.buff, addr.Bytes()))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if ret == nil {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	acct := &types.StateAccount{
+		Nonce:    ret.Nonce,
+		Balance:  ret.Balance,
+		CodeHash: ret.CodeHash,
+		Root:     common.BytesToHash(ret.Root),
+	}
+	if len(acct.CodeHash) == 0 {
+		acct.CodeHash = types.EmptyCodeHash.Bytes()
+	}
+	if acct.Root == (common.Hash{}) {
+		acct.Root = types.EmptyRootHash
+	}
+	return acct, nil
+}
+
+// Storage implements Reader, retrieving the storage slot specified by the
+// address and slot key.
+//
+// An error will be returned if the associated snapshot is already stale or
+// the requested storage slot is not yet covered by the snapshot.
+//
+// The returned storage slot might be empty if it's not existent.
+func (r *stateReader) Storage(addr common.Address, key common.Hash) (common.Hash, error) {
+	addrHash := crypto.HashData(r.buff, addr.Bytes())
+	slotHash := crypto.HashData(r.buff, key.Bytes())
+	ret, err := r.snap.Storage(addrHash, slotHash)
+	if err != nil {
+		return common.Hash{}, err
+	}
+	if len(ret) == 0 {
+		return common.Hash{}, nil
+	}
+	// Perform the rlp-decode as the slot value is RLP-encoded in the state
+	// snapshot.
+	_, content, _, err := rlp.Split(ret)
+	if err != nil {
+		return common.Hash{}, err
+	}
+	var value common.Hash
+	value.SetBytes(content)
+	return value, nil
+}
+
+// Copy implements Reader, returning a deep-copied snap reader.
+func (r *stateReader) Copy() Reader {
+	return &stateReader{
+		snap: r.snap,
+		buff: crypto.NewKeccakState(),
+	}
+}
+
+// trieReader implements the Reader interface, providing functions to access
+// state from the referenced trie.
+type trieReader struct {
+	root     common.Hash                    // State root which uniquely represent a state
+	db       *triedb.Database               // Database for loading trie
+	buff     crypto.KeccakState             // Buffer for keccak256 hashing
+	mainTrie Trie                           // Main trie, resolved in constructor
+	subRoots map[common.Address]common.Hash // Set of storage roots, cached when the account is resolved
+	subTries map[common.Address]Trie        // Group of storage tries, cached when it's resolved
+}
+
+// trieReader constructs a trie reader of the specific state. An error will be
+// returned if the associated trie specified by root is not existent.
+func newTrieReader(root common.Hash, db *triedb.Database, cache *utils.PointCache) (*trieReader, error) {
+	var (
+		tr  Trie
+		err error
+	)
+	if !db.IsVerkle() {
+		tr, err = trie.NewStateTrie(trie.StateTrieID(root), db)
+	} else {
+		tr, err = trie.NewVerkleTrie(root, db, cache)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &trieReader{
+		root:     root,
+		db:       db,
+		buff:     crypto.NewKeccakState(),
+		mainTrie: tr,
+		subRoots: make(map[common.Address]common.Hash),
+		subTries: make(map[common.Address]Trie),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// Account implements Reader, retrieving the account specified by the address.
+//
+// An error will be returned if the trie state is corrupted. An nil account
+// will be returned if it's not existent in the trie.
+func (r *trieReader) Account(addr common.Address) (*types.StateAccount, error) {
+	account, err := r.mainTrie.GetAccount(addr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if account == nil {
+		r.subRoots[addr] = types.EmptyRootHash
+	} else {
+		r.subRoots[addr] = account.Root
+	}
+	return account, nil
+}
+
+// Storage implements Reader, retrieving the storage slot specified by the
+// address and slot key.
+//
+// An error will be returned if the trie state is corrupted. An empty storage
+// slot will be returned if it's not existent in the trie.
+func (r *trieReader) Storage(addr common.Address, key common.Hash) (common.Hash, error) {
+	var (
+		tr    Trie
+		found bool
+		value common.Hash
+	)
+	if r.db.IsVerkle() {
+		tr = r.mainTrie
+	} else {
+		tr, found = r.subTries[addr]
+		if !found {
+			root, ok := r.subRoots[addr]
+
+			// The storage slot is accessed without account caching. It's unexpected
+			// behavior but try to resolve the account first anyway.
+			if !ok {
+				_, err := r.Account(addr)
+				if err != nil {
+					return common.Hash{}, err
+				}
+				root = r.subRoots[addr]
+			}
+			var err error
+			tr, err = trie.NewStateTrie(trie.StorageTrieID(r.root, crypto.HashData(r.buff, addr.Bytes()), root), r.db)
+			if err != nil {
+				return common.Hash{}, err
+			}
+			r.subTries[addr] = tr
+		}
+	}
+	ret, err := tr.GetStorage(addr, key.Bytes())
+	if err != nil {
+		return common.Hash{}, err
+	}
+	value.SetBytes(ret)
+	return value, nil
+}
+
+// Copy implements Reader, returning a deep-copied trie reader.
+func (r *trieReader) Copy() Reader {
+	tries := make(map[common.Address]Trie)
+	for addr, tr := range r.subTries {
+		tries[addr] = mustCopyTrie(tr)
+	}
+	return &trieReader{
+		root:     r.root,
+		db:       r.db,
+		buff:     crypto.NewKeccakState(),
+		mainTrie: mustCopyTrie(r.mainTrie),
+		subRoots: maps.Clone(r.subRoots),
+		subTries: tries,
+	}
+}
+
+// multiReader is the aggregation of a list of Reader interface, providing state
+// access by leveraging all readers. The checking priority is determined by the
+// position in the reader list.
+type multiReader struct {
+	readers []Reader // List of readers, sorted by checking priority
+}
+
+// newMultiReader constructs a multiReader instance with the given readers. The
+// priority among readers is assumed to be sorted. Note, it must contain at least
+// one reader for constructing a multiReader.
+func newMultiReader(readers ...Reader) (*multiReader, error) {
+	if len(readers) == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("empty reader set")
+	}
+	return &multiReader{
+		readers: readers,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// Account implementing Reader interface, retrieving the account associated with
+// a particular address.
+//
+// - Returns a nil account if it does not exist
+// - Returns an error only if an unexpected issue occurs
+// - The returned account is safe to modify after the call
+func (r *multiReader) Account(addr common.Address) (*types.StateAccount, error) {
+	var errs []error
+	for _, reader := range r.readers {
+		acct, err := reader.Account(addr)
+		if err == nil {
+			return acct, nil
+		}
+		errs = append(errs, err)
+	}
+	return nil, errors.Join(errs...)
+}
+
+// Storage implementing Reader interface, retrieving the storage slot associated
+// with a particular account address and slot key.
+//
+// - Returns an empty slot if it does not exist
+// - Returns an error only if an unexpected issue occurs
+// - The returned storage slot is safe to modify after the call
+func (r *multiReader) Storage(addr common.Address, slot common.Hash) (common.Hash, error) {
+	var errs []error
+	for _, reader := range r.readers {
+		slot, err := reader.Storage(addr, slot)
+		if err == nil {
+			return slot, nil
+		}
+		errs = append(errs, err)
+	}
+	return common.Hash{}, errors.Join(errs...)
+}
+
+// Copy implementing Reader interface, returning a deep-copied state reader.
+func (r *multiReader) Copy() Reader {
+	var readers []Reader
+	for _, reader := range r.readers {
+		readers = append(readers, reader.Copy())
+	}
+	return &multiReader{readers: readers}
+}

core/state/snapshot/disklayer.go

@@ -74,6 +74,14 @@ func (dl *diskLayer) Stale() bool {
 	return dl.stale
 }
 
+// markStale sets the stale flag as true.
+func (dl *diskLayer) markStale() {
+	dl.lock.Lock()
+	defer dl.lock.Unlock()
+
+	dl.stale = true
+}
+
 // Account directly retrieves the account associated with a particular hash in
 // the snapshot slim data format.
 func (dl *diskLayer) Account(hash common.Hash) (*types.SlimAccount, error) {
@@ -184,3 +192,18 @@ func (dl *diskLayer) Storage(accountHash, storageHash common.Hash) ([]byte, erro
 func (dl *diskLayer) Update(blockHash common.Hash, destructs map[common.Hash]struct{}, accounts map[common.Hash][]byte, storage map[common.Hash]map[common.Hash][]byte) *diffLayer {
 	return newDiffLayer(dl, blockHash, destructs, accounts, storage)
 }
+
+// stopGeneration aborts the state snapshot generation if it is currently running.
+func (dl *diskLayer) stopGeneration() {
+	dl.lock.RLock()
+	generating := dl.genMarker != nil
+	dl.lock.RUnlock()
+	if !generating {
+		return
+	}
+	if dl.genAbort != nil {
+		abort := make(chan *generatorStats)
+		dl.genAbort <- abort
+		<-abort
+	}
+}

core/state/snapshot/generate.go

@@ -698,18 +698,11 @@ func generateAccounts(ctx *generatorContext, dl *diskLayer, accMarker []byte) er
 
 		return nil
 	}
-	// Always reset the initial account range as 1 whenever recover from the
-	// interruption. TODO(rjl493456442) can we remove it?
-	var accountRange = accountCheckRange
-	if len(accMarker) > 0 {
-		accountRange = 1
-	}
-
 	origin := common.CopyBytes(accMarker)
 
 	for {
 		id := trie.StateTrieID(dl.root)
-		exhausted, last, err := dl.generateRange(ctx, id, rawdb.SnapshotAccountPrefix, snapAccount, origin, accountRange, onAccount, types.FullAccountRLP)
+		exhausted, last, err := dl.generateRange(ctx, id, rawdb.SnapshotAccountPrefix, snapAccount, origin, accountCheckRange, onAccount, types.FullAccountRLP)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err // The procedure it aborted, either by external signal or internal error.
 		}
@@ -722,8 +715,6 @@ func generateAccounts(ctx *generatorContext, dl *diskLayer, accMarker []byte) er
 			ctx.removeStorageLeft()
 			break
 		}
-
-		accountRange = accountCheckRange
 	}
 
 	return nil

core/state/snapshot/snapshot.go

@@ -262,24 +262,11 @@ func (t *Tree) Disable() {
 	for _, layer := range t.layers {
 		switch layer := layer.(type) {
 		case *diskLayer:
-
+			// TODO this function will hang if it's called twice. Will
-			layer.lock.RLock()
+			// fix it in the following PRs.
-			generating := layer.genMarker != nil
+			layer.stopGeneration()
-			layer.lock.RUnlock()
+			layer.markStale()
-			if !generating {
+			layer.Release()
-				// Generator is already aborted or finished
-				break
-			}
-			// If the base layer is generating, abort it
-			if layer.genAbort != nil {
-				abort := make(chan *generatorStats)
-				layer.genAbort <- abort
-				<-abort
-			}
-			// Layer should be inactive now, mark it as stale
-			layer.lock.Lock()
-			layer.stale = true
-			layer.lock.Unlock()
 
 		case *diffLayer:
 			// If the layer is a simple diff, simply mark as stale
@@ -768,16 +755,11 @@ func (t *Tree) Rebuild(root common.Hash) {
 	for _, layer := range t.layers {
 		switch layer := layer.(type) {
 		case *diskLayer:
-			// If the base layer is generating, abort it and save
+			// TODO this function will hang if it's called twice. Will
-			if layer.genAbort != nil {
+			// fix it in the following PRs.
-				abort := make(chan *generatorStats)
+			layer.stopGeneration()
-				layer.genAbort <- abort
+			layer.markStale()
-				<-abort
+			layer.Release()
-			}
-			// Layer should be inactive now, mark it as stale
-			layer.lock.Lock()
-			layer.stale = true
-			layer.lock.Unlock()
 
 		case *diffLayer:
 			// If the layer is a simple diff, simply mark as stale

core/state/state_object.go

@@ -117,15 +117,7 @@ func (s *stateObject) markSelfdestructed() {
 }
 
 func (s *stateObject) touch() {
-	s.db.journal.append(touchChange{
+	s.db.journal.touchChange(s.address)
-		account: &s.address,
-	})
-
-	if s.address == ripemd {
-		// Explicitly put it in the dirty-cache, which is otherwise generated from
-		// flattened journals.
-		s.db.journal.dirty(s.address)
-	}
 }
 
 // getTrie returns the associated storage trie. The trie will be opened if it's
@@ -155,7 +147,7 @@ func (s *stateObject) getTrie() (Trie, error) {
 func (s *stateObject) getPrefetchedTrie() Trie {
 	// If there's nothing to meaningfully return, let the user figure it out by
 	// pulling the trie from disk.
-	if s.data.Root == types.EmptyRootHash || s.db.prefetcher == nil {
+	if (s.data.Root == types.EmptyRootHash && !s.db.db.TrieDB().IsVerkle()) || s.db.prefetcher == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
 	// Attempt to retrieve the trie from the prefetcher
@@ -203,46 +195,17 @@ func (s *stateObject) GetCommittedState(key common.Hash) common.Hash {
 		s.originStorage[key] = common.Hash{} // track the empty slot as origin value
 		return common.Hash{}
 	}
-	// If no live objects are available, attempt to use snapshots
+	s.db.StorageLoaded++
-	var (
-		enc   []byte
-		err   error
-		value common.Hash
-	)
 
-	if s.db.snap != nil {
 	start := time.Now()
-		enc, err = s.db.snap.Storage(s.addrHash, crypto.Keccak256Hash(key.Bytes()))
+	value, err := s.db.reader.Storage(s.address, key)
-		s.db.SnapshotStorageReads += time.Since(start)
-
-		if len(enc) > 0 {
-			_, content, _, err := rlp.Split(enc)
-			if err != nil {
-				s.db.setError(err)
-			}
-			value.SetBytes(content)
-		}
-	}
-	// If the snapshot is unavailable or reading from it fails, load from the database.
-	if s.db.snap == nil || err != nil {
-		start := time.Now()
-		tr, err := s.getTrie()
 	if err != nil {
 		s.db.setError(err)
 		return common.Hash{}
 	}
-		val, err := tr.GetStorage(s.address, key.Bytes())
 	s.db.StorageReads += time.Since(start)
 
-		if err != nil {
+	// Schedule the resolved storage slots for prefetching if it's enabled.
-			s.db.setError(err)
-			return common.Hash{}
-		}
-		value.SetBytes(val)
-	}
-	// Independent of where we loaded the data from, add it to the prefetcher.
-	// Whilst this would be a bit weird if snapshots are disabled, but we still
-	// want the trie nodes to end up in the prefetcher too, so just push through.
 	if s.db.prefetcher != nil && s.data.Root != types.EmptyRootHash {
 		if err = s.db.prefetcher.prefetch(s.addrHash, s.origin.Root, s.address, [][]byte{key[:]}, true); err != nil {
 			log.Error("Failed to prefetch storage slot", "addr", s.address, "key", key, "err", err)
@@ -262,16 +225,11 @@ func (s *stateObject) SetState(key, value common.Hash) {
 		return
 	}
 	// New value is different, update and journal the change
-	s.db.journal.append(storageChange{
+	s.db.journal.storageChange(s.address, key, prev, origin)
-		account:   &s.address,
+	s.setState(key, value, origin)
-		key:       key,
-		prevvalue: prev,
-		origvalue: origin,
-	})
 	if s.db.logger != nil && s.db.logger.OnStorageChange != nil {
 		s.db.logger.OnStorageChange(s.address, key, prev, value)
 	}
-	s.setState(key, value, origin)
 }
 
 // setState updates a value in account dirty storage. The dirtiness will be
@@ -525,10 +483,7 @@ func (s *stateObject) SubBalance(amount *uint256.Int, reason tracing.BalanceChan
 }
 
 func (s *stateObject) SetBalance(amount *uint256.Int, reason tracing.BalanceChangeReason) {
-	s.db.journal.append(balanceChange{
+	s.db.journal.balanceChange(s.address, s.data.Balance)
-		account: &s.address,
-		prev:    new(uint256.Int).Set(s.data.Balance),
-	})
 	if s.db.logger != nil && s.db.logger.OnBalanceChange != nil {
 		s.db.logger.OnBalanceChange(s.address, s.Balance().ToBig(), amount.ToBig(), reason)
 	}
@@ -556,7 +511,7 @@ func (s *stateObject) deepCopy(db *StateDB) *stateObject {
 		newContract:        s.newContract,
 	}
 	if s.trie != nil {
-		obj.trie = db.db.CopyTrie(s.trie)
+		obj.trie = mustCopyTrie(s.trie)
 	}
 	return obj
 }
@@ -609,14 +564,10 @@ func (s *stateObject) CodeSize() int {
 }
 
 func (s *stateObject) SetCode(codeHash common.Hash, code []byte) {
-	prevcode := s.Code()
+	s.db.journal.setCode(s.address)
-	s.db.journal.append(codeChange{
-		account:  &s.address,
-		prevhash: s.CodeHash(),
-		prevcode: prevcode,
-	})
 	if s.db.logger != nil && s.db.logger.OnCodeChange != nil {
-		s.db.logger.OnCodeChange(s.address, common.BytesToHash(s.CodeHash()), prevcode, codeHash, code)
+		// TODO remove prevcode from this callback
+		s.db.logger.OnCodeChange(s.address, common.BytesToHash(s.CodeHash()), nil, codeHash, code)
 	}
 	s.setCode(codeHash, code)
 }
@@ -628,10 +579,7 @@ func (s *stateObject) setCode(codeHash common.Hash, code []byte) {
 }
 
 func (s *stateObject) SetNonce(nonce uint64) {
-	s.db.journal.append(nonceChange{
+	s.db.journal.nonceChange(s.address, s.data.Nonce)
-		account: &s.address,
-		prev:    s.data.Nonce,
-	})
 	if s.db.logger != nil && s.db.logger.OnNonceChange != nil {
 		s.db.logger.OnNonceChange(s.address, s.data.Nonce, nonce)
 	}

core/state/state_test.go

@@ -26,27 +26,25 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/tracing"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/triedb"
 	"github.com/holiman/uint256"
 )
 
 type stateEnv struct {
-	db    ethdb.Database
 	state *StateDB
 }
 
 func newStateEnv() *stateEnv {
-	db := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
+	sdb, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, NewDatabaseForTesting())
-	sdb, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, NewDatabase(db), nil)
+	return &stateEnv{state: sdb}
-	return &stateEnv{db: db, state: sdb}
 }
 
 func TestDump(t *testing.T) {
 	db := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
-	tdb := NewDatabaseWithConfig(db, &triedb.Config{Preimages: true})
+	triedb := triedb.NewDatabase(db, &triedb.Config{Preimages: true})
-	sdb, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, tdb, nil)
+	tdb := NewDatabase(triedb, nil)
-	s := &stateEnv{db: db, state: sdb}
+	sdb, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, tdb)
+	s := &stateEnv{state: sdb}
 
 	// generate a few entries
 	obj1 := s.state.getOrNewStateObject(common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x01}))
@@ -62,7 +60,7 @@ func TestDump(t *testing.T) {
 	root, _ := s.state.Commit(0, false)
 
 	// check that DumpToCollector contains the state objects that are in trie
-	s.state, _ = New(root, tdb, nil)
+	s.state, _ = New(root, tdb)
 	got := string(s.state.Dump(nil))
 	want := `{
     "root": "71edff0130dd2385947095001c73d9e28d862fc286fca2b922ca6f6f3cddfdd2",
@@ -101,9 +99,10 @@ func TestDump(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestIterativeDump(t *testing.T) {
 	db := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
-	tdb := NewDatabaseWithConfig(db, &triedb.Config{Preimages: true})
+	triedb := triedb.NewDatabase(db, &triedb.Config{Preimages: true})
-	sdb, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, tdb, nil)
+	tdb := NewDatabase(triedb, nil)
-	s := &stateEnv{db: db, state: sdb}
+	sdb, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, tdb)
+	s := &stateEnv{state: sdb}
 
 	// generate a few entries
 	obj1 := s.state.getOrNewStateObject(common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x01}))
@@ -119,7 +118,7 @@ func TestIterativeDump(t *testing.T) {
 	s.state.updateStateObject(obj1)
 	s.state.updateStateObject(obj2)
 	root, _ := s.state.Commit(0, false)
-	s.state, _ = New(root, tdb, nil)
+	s.state, _ = New(root, tdb)
 
 	b := &bytes.Buffer{}
 	s.state.IterativeDump(nil, json.NewEncoder(b))
@@ -195,7 +194,7 @@ func TestSnapshotEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCreateObjectRevert(t *testing.T) {
-	state, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()), nil)
+	state, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, NewDatabaseForTesting())
 	addr := common.BytesToAddress([]byte("so0"))
 	snap := state.Snapshot()
 

core/state/statedb.go

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ import (
 	"maps"
 	"math/big"
 	"slices"
-	"sort"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
@@ -50,11 +49,6 @@ import (
 // TriesInMemory represents the number of layers that are kept in RAM.
 const TriesInMemory = 128
 
-type revision struct {
-	id           int
-	journalIndex int
-}
-
 type mutationType int
 
 const (
@@ -90,10 +84,8 @@ type StateDB struct {
 	db         Database
 	prefetcher *triePrefetcher
 	trie       Trie
-	hasher     crypto.KeccakState
 	logger     *tracing.Hooks
-	snaps      *snapshot.Tree    // Nil if snapshot is not available
+	reader     Reader
-	snap       snapshot.Snapshot // Nil if snapshot is not available
 
 	// originalRoot is the pre-state root, before any changes were made.
 	// It will be updated when the Commit is called.
@@ -147,6 +139,7 @@ type StateDB struct {
 
 	// Per-transaction access list
 	accessList   *accessList
+	accessEvents *AccessEvents
 
 	// Transient storage
 	transientStorage transientStorage
@@ -154,13 +147,18 @@ type StateDB struct {
 	// Journal of state modifications. This is the backbone of
 	// Snapshot and RevertToSnapshot.
 	journal *journal
-	validRevisions []revision
-	nextRevisionId int
 
 	// State witness if cross validation is needed
 	witness *stateless.Witness
 
 	// Measurements gathered during execution for debugging purposes
+
+	AccountLoaded        int          // Number of accounts retrieved from the database during the state transition
+	AccountUpdated       int          // Number of accounts updated during the state transition
+	AccountDeleted       int          // Number of accounts deleted during the state transition
+	StorageLoaded        int          // Number of storage slots retrieved from the database during the state transition
+	StorageUpdated       atomic.Int64 // Number of storage slots updated during the state transition
+	StorageDeleted       atomic.Int64 // Number of storage slots deleted during the state transition
 	AccountReads         time.Duration
 	AccountHashes        time.Duration
 	AccountUpdates       time.Duration
@@ -176,25 +174,24 @@ type StateDB struct {
 
 	// Bor metrics
 	BorConsensusTime time.Duration
-
-	AccountUpdated int
-	StorageUpdated atomic.Int64
-	AccountDeleted int
-	StorageDeleted atomic.Int64
 }
 
 // New creates a new state from a given trie.
-func New(root common.Hash, db Database, snaps *snapshot.Tree) (*StateDB, error) {
+func New(root common.Hash, db Database) (*StateDB, error) {
 	tr, err := db.OpenTrie(root)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	reader, err := db.Reader(root)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 
 	sdb := &StateDB{
 		db:                   db,
 		trie:                 tr,
 		originalRoot:         root,
-		snaps:                snaps,
+		reader:               reader,
 		stateObjects:         make(map[common.Address]*stateObject),
 		revertedKeys:         make(map[blockstm.Key]struct{}),
 		stateObjectsDestruct: make(map[common.Address]*stateObject),
@@ -204,17 +201,16 @@ func New(root common.Hash, db Database, snaps *snapshot.Tree) (*StateDB, error)
 		journal:              newJournal(),
 		accessList:           newAccessList(),
 		transientStorage:     newTransientStorage(),
-		hasher:               crypto.NewKeccakState(),
 	}
-	if sdb.snaps != nil {
+	if db.TrieDB().IsVerkle() {
-		sdb.snap = sdb.snaps.Snapshot(root)
+		sdb.accessEvents = NewAccessEvents(db.PointCache())
 	}
 
 	return sdb, nil
 }
 
 func NewWithMVHashmap(root common.Hash, db Database, snaps *snapshot.Tree, mvhm *blockstm.MVHashMap) (*StateDB, error) {
-	if sdb, err := New(root, db, snaps); err != nil {
+	if sdb, err := New(root, db); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	} else {
 		sdb.mvHashmap = mvhm
@@ -503,18 +499,11 @@ func (s *StateDB) SetLogger(l *tracing.Hooks) {
 // commit phase, most of the needed data is already hot.
 func (s *StateDB) StartPrefetcher(namespace string, witness *stateless.Witness) {
 	// Terminate any previously running prefetcher
-	if s.prefetcher != nil {
+	s.StopPrefetcher()
-		s.prefetcher.terminate(false)
+
-		s.prefetcher.report()
-		s.prefetcher = nil
-	}
 	// Enable witness collection if requested
 	s.witness = witness
 
-	// If snapshots are enabled, start prefethers explicitly
-	if s.snap != nil {
-		s.prefetcher = newTriePrefetcher(s.db, s.originalRoot, namespace, witness == nil)
-
 	// With the switch to the Proof-of-Stake consensus algorithm, block production
 	// rewards are now handled at the consensus layer. Consequently, a block may
 	// have no state transitions if it contains no transactions and no withdrawals.
@@ -524,11 +513,11 @@ func (s *StateDB) StartPrefetcher(namespace string, witness *stateless.Witness)
 	// To prevent this, the account trie is always scheduled for prefetching once
 	// the prefetcher is constructed. For more details, see:
 	// https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/issues/29880
+	s.prefetcher = newTriePrefetcher(s.db, s.originalRoot, namespace, witness == nil)
 	if err := s.prefetcher.prefetch(common.Hash{}, s.originalRoot, common.Address{}, nil, false); err != nil {
 		log.Error("Failed to prefetch account trie", "root", s.originalRoot, "err", err)
 	}
 }
-}
 
 // StopPrefetcher terminates a running prefetcher and reports any leftover stats
 // from the gathered metrics.
@@ -553,7 +542,7 @@ func (s *StateDB) Error() error {
 }
 
 func (s *StateDB) AddLog(log *types.Log) {
-	s.journal.append(addLogChange{txhash: s.thash})
+	s.journal.logChange(s.thash)
 
 	log.TxHash = s.thash
 	log.TxIndex = uint(s.txIndex)
@@ -589,7 +578,6 @@ func (s *StateDB) Logs() []*types.Log {
 // AddPreimage records a SHA3 preimage seen by the VM.
 func (s *StateDB) AddPreimage(hash common.Hash, preimage []byte) {
 	if _, ok := s.preimages[hash]; !ok {
-		s.journal.append(addPreimageChange{hash: hash})
 		s.preimages[hash] = slices.Clone(preimage)
 	}
 }
@@ -601,15 +589,14 @@ func (s *StateDB) Preimages() map[common.Hash][]byte {
 
 // AddRefund adds gas to the refund counter
 func (s *StateDB) AddRefund(gas uint64) {
-	s.journal.append(refundChange{prev: s.refund})
+	s.journal.refundChange(s.refund)
 	s.refund += gas
 }
 
 // SubRefund removes gas from the refund counter.
 // This method will panic if the refund counter goes below zero
 func (s *StateDB) SubRefund(gas uint64) {
-	s.journal.append(refundChange{prev: s.refund})
+	s.journal.refundChange(s.refund)
-
 	if gas > s.refund {
 		panic(fmt.Sprintf("Refund counter below zero (gas: %d > refund: %d)", gas, s.refund))
 	}
@@ -892,24 +879,19 @@ func (s *StateDB) SelfDestruct(addr common.Address) {
 	if stateObject == nil {
 		return
 	}
-
 	stateObject = s.mvRecordWritten(stateObject)
-	var (
+
-		prev = new(uint256.Int).Set(stateObject.Balance())
+	// Regardless of whether it is already destructed or not, we do have to
-		n    = new(uint256.Int)
+	// journal the balance-change, if we set it to zero here.
-	)
+	if !stateObject.Balance().IsZero() {
-	s.journal.append(selfDestructChange{
+		stateObject.SetBalance(new(uint256.Int), tracing.BalanceDecreaseSelfdestruct)
-		account:     &addr,
-		prev:        stateObject.selfDestructed,
-		prevbalance: prev,
-	})
-	if s.logger != nil && s.logger.OnBalanceChange != nil && prev.Sign() > 0 {
-		s.logger.OnBalanceChange(addr, prev.ToBig(), n.ToBig(), tracing.BalanceDecreaseSelfdestruct)
 	}
+	// If it is already marked as self-destructed, we do not need to add it
+	// for journalling a second time.
+	if !stateObject.selfDestructed {
+		s.journal.destruct(addr)
 		stateObject.markSelfdestructed()
-
+	}
-	stateObject.data.Balance = n
-
 	MVWrite(s, blockstm.NewSubpathKey(addr, SuicidePath))
 	MVWrite(s, blockstm.NewSubpathKey(addr, BalancePath))
 }
@@ -932,12 +914,7 @@ func (s *StateDB) SetTransientState(addr common.Address, key, value common.Hash)
 	if prev == value {
 		return
 	}
-
+	s.journal.transientStateChange(addr, key, prev)
-	s.journal.append(transientStorageChange{
-		account:  &addr,
-		key:      key,
-		prevalue: prev,
-	})
 	s.setTransientState(addr, key, value)
 }
 
@@ -960,7 +937,7 @@ func (s *StateDB) GetTransientState(addr common.Address, key common.Hash) common
 func (s *StateDB) updateStateObject(obj *stateObject) {
 	// Encode the account and update the account trie
 	addr := obj.Address()
-	if err := s.trie.UpdateAccount(addr, &obj.data); err != nil {
+	if err := s.trie.UpdateAccount(addr, &obj.data, len(obj.code)); err != nil {
 		s.setError(fmt.Errorf("updateStateObject (%x) error: %v", addr[:], err))
 	}
 	if obj.dirtyCode {
@@ -993,45 +970,19 @@ func (s *StateDB) getStateObject(addr common.Address) *stateObject {
 		if _, ok := s.stateObjectsDestruct[addr]; ok {
 			return nil
 		}
-		// If no live objects are available, attempt to use snapshots
+		s.AccountLoaded++
-		var data *types.StateAccount
-		if s.snap != nil {
-			start := time.Now()
-			acc, err := s.snap.Account(crypto.HashData(crypto.NewKeccakState(), addr.Bytes()))
-			s.SnapshotAccountReads += time.Since(start)
-			if err == nil {
-				if acc == nil {
-					return nil
-				}
-				data = &types.StateAccount{
-					Nonce:    acc.Nonce,
-					Balance:  acc.Balance,
-					CodeHash: acc.CodeHash,
-					Root:     common.BytesToHash(acc.Root),
-				}
-				if len(data.CodeHash) == 0 {
-					data.CodeHash = types.EmptyCodeHash.Bytes()
-				}
-				if data.Root == (common.Hash{}) {
-					data.Root = types.EmptyRootHash
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		// If snapshot unavailable or reading from it failed, load from the database
-		if data == nil {
-			start := time.Now()
-			var err error
-			data, err = s.trie.GetAccount(addr)
-			s.AccountReads += time.Since(start)
 
+		start := time.Now()
+		acct, err := s.reader.Account(addr)
 		if err != nil {
-				s.setError(fmt.Errorf("getDeleteStateObject (%x) error: %w", addr.Bytes(), err))
+			s.setError(fmt.Errorf("getStateObject (%x) error: %w", addr.Bytes(), err))
 			return nil
 		}
-			if data == nil {
+		s.AccountReads += time.Since(start)
+		// Short circuit if the account is not found
+		if acct == nil {
 			return nil
 		}
-		}
 		// Independent of where we loaded the data from, add it to the prefetcher.
 		// Whilst this would be a bit weird if snapshots are disabled, but we still
 		// want the trie nodes to end up in the prefetcher too, so just push through.
@@ -1041,7 +992,7 @@ func (s *StateDB) getStateObject(addr common.Address) *stateObject {
 			}
 		}
 		// Insert into the live set
-		obj := newObject(s, addr, data)
+		obj := newObject(s, addr, acct)
 		s.setStateObject(obj)
 		return obj
 	})
@@ -1091,7 +1042,7 @@ func (s *StateDB) mvRecordWritten(object *stateObject) *stateObject {
 // existing account with the given address, otherwise it will be silently overwritten.
 func (s *StateDB) createObject(addr common.Address) *stateObject {
 	obj := newObject(s, addr, nil)
-	s.journal.append(createObjectChange{account: &addr})
+	s.journal.createObject(addr)
 	s.setStateObject(obj)
 	MVWrite(s, blockstm.NewAddressKey(addr))
 	return obj
@@ -1117,7 +1068,7 @@ func (s *StateDB) CreateContract(addr common.Address) {
 	}
 	if !obj.newContract {
 		obj.newContract = true
-		s.journal.append(createContractChange{account: addr})
+		s.journal.createContract(addr)
 	}
 
 	MVWrite(s, blockstm.NewAddressKey(addr))
@@ -1129,8 +1080,8 @@ func (s *StateDB) Copy() *StateDB {
 	// Copy all the basic fields, initialize the memory ones
 	state := &StateDB{
 		db:                   s.db,
-		trie:                 s.db.CopyTrie(s.trie),
+		trie:                 mustCopyTrie(s.trie),
-		hasher:               crypto.NewKeccakState(),
+		reader:               s.reader.Copy(),
 		originalRoot:         s.originalRoot,
 		stateObjects:         make(map[common.Address]*stateObject, len(s.stateObjects)),
 		stateObjectsDestruct: make(map[common.Address]*stateObject, len(s.stateObjectsDestruct)),
@@ -1143,20 +1094,23 @@ func (s *StateDB) Copy() *StateDB {
 		logs:                 make(map[common.Hash][]*types.Log, len(s.logs)),
 		logSize:              s.logSize,
 		preimages:            maps.Clone(s.preimages),
-		journal:              s.journal.copy(),
-		validRevisions:       slices.Clone(s.validRevisions),
-		nextRevisionId:       s.nextRevisionId,
 
-		// In order for the block producer to be able to use and make additions
+		// Do we need to copy the access list and transient storage?
-		// to the snapshot tree, we need to copy that as well. Otherwise, any
+		// In practice: No. At the start of a transaction, these two lists are empty.
-		// block mined by ourselves will cause gaps in the tree, and force the
+		// In practice, we only ever copy state _between_ transactions/blocks, never
-		// miner to operate trie-backed only.
+		// in the middle of a transaction. However, it doesn't cost us much to copy
-		snaps: s.snaps,
+		// empty lists, so we do it anyway to not blow up if we ever decide copy them
-		snap:  s.snap,
+		// in the middle of a transaction.
+		accessList:       s.accessList.Copy(),
+		transientStorage: s.transientStorage.Copy(),
+		journal:          s.journal.copy(),
 	}
 	if s.witness != nil {
 		state.witness = s.witness.Copy()
 	}
+	if s.accessEvents != nil {
+		state.accessEvents = s.accessEvents.Copy()
+	}
 	// Deep copy cached state objects.
 	for addr, obj := range s.stateObjects {
 		state.stateObjects[addr] = obj.deepCopy(state)
@@ -1201,28 +1155,12 @@ func (s *StateDB) Copy() *StateDB {
 
 // Snapshot returns an identifier for the current revision of the state.
 func (s *StateDB) Snapshot() int {
-	id := s.nextRevisionId
+	return s.journal.snapshot()
-	s.nextRevisionId++
-	s.validRevisions = append(s.validRevisions, revision{id, s.journal.length()})
-
-	return id
 }
 
 // RevertToSnapshot reverts all state changes made since the given revision.
 func (s *StateDB) RevertToSnapshot(revid int) {
-	// Find the snapshot in the stack of valid snapshots.
+	s.journal.revertToSnapshot(revid, s)
-	idx := sort.Search(len(s.validRevisions), func(i int) bool {
-		return s.validRevisions[i].id >= revid
-	})
-	if idx == len(s.validRevisions) || s.validRevisions[idx].id != revid {
-		panic(fmt.Errorf("revision id %v cannot be reverted", revid))
-	}
-
-	snapshot := s.validRevisions[idx].journalIndex
-
-	// Replay the journal to undo changes and remove invalidated snapshots
-	s.journal.revert(s, snapshot)
-	s.validRevisions = s.validRevisions[:idx]
 }
 
 // GetRefund returns the current value of the refund counter.
@@ -1332,8 +1270,10 @@ func (s *StateDB) IntermediateRoot(deleteEmptyObjects bool) common.Hash {
 			return nil
 		})
 	}
-	// If witness building is enabled, gather all the read-only accesses
+	// If witness building is enabled, gather all the read-only accesses.
-	if s.witness != nil {
+	// Skip witness collection in Verkle mode, they will be gathered
+	// together at the end.
+	if s.witness != nil && !s.db.TrieDB().IsVerkle() {
 		// Pull in anything that has been accessed before destruction
 		for _, obj := range s.stateObjectsDestruct {
 			// Skip any objects that haven't touched their storage
@@ -1374,7 +1314,7 @@ func (s *StateDB) IntermediateRoot(deleteEmptyObjects bool) common.Hash {
 	// only a single trie is used for state hashing. Replacing a non-nil verkle tree
 	// here could result in losing uncommitted changes from storage.
 	start = time.Now()
-	if s.prefetcher != nil && (s.trie == nil || !s.trie.IsVerkle()) {
+	if s.prefetcher != nil {
 		if trie := s.prefetcher.trie(common.Hash{}, s.originalRoot); trie == nil {
 			log.Error("Failed to retrieve account pre-fetcher trie")
 		} else {
@@ -1440,20 +1380,16 @@ func (s *StateDB) SetTxContext(thash common.Hash, ti int) {
 }
 
 func (s *StateDB) clearJournalAndRefund() {
-	if len(s.journal.entries) > 0 {
+	s.journal.reset()
-		s.journal = newJournal()
 	s.refund = 0
 }
 
-	s.validRevisions = s.validRevisions[:0] // Snapshots can be created without journal entries
-}
-
 // fastDeleteStorage is the function that efficiently deletes the storage trie
 // of a specific account. It leverages the associated state snapshot for fast
 // storage iteration and constructs trie node deletion markers by creating
 // stack trie with iterated slots.
-func (s *StateDB) fastDeleteStorage(addrHash common.Hash, root common.Hash) (map[common.Hash][]byte, *trienode.NodeSet, error) {
+func (s *StateDB) fastDeleteStorage(snaps *snapshot.Tree, addrHash common.Hash, root common.Hash) (map[common.Hash][]byte, *trienode.NodeSet, error) {
-	iter, err := s.snaps.StorageIterator(s.originalRoot, addrHash, common.Hash{})
+	iter, err := snaps.StorageIterator(s.originalRoot, addrHash, common.Hash{})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
@@ -1531,10 +1467,11 @@ func (s *StateDB) deleteStorage(addr common.Address, addrHash common.Hash, root
 	// The fast approach can be failed if the snapshot is not fully
 	// generated, or it's internally corrupted. Fallback to the slow
 	// one just in case.
-	if s.snap != nil {
+	snaps := s.db.Snapshot()
-		slots, nodes, err = s.fastDeleteStorage(addrHash, root)
+	if snaps != nil {
+		slots, nodes, err = s.fastDeleteStorage(snaps, addrHash, root)
 	}
-	if s.snap == nil || err != nil {
+	if snaps == nil || err != nil {
 		slots, nodes, err = s.slowDeleteStorage(addr, addrHash, root)
 	}
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1738,6 +1675,8 @@ func (s *StateDB) commit(deleteEmptyObjects bool) (*stateUpdate, error) {
 	if err := workers.Wait(); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	accountReadMeters.Mark(int64(s.AccountLoaded))
+	storageReadMeters.Mark(int64(s.StorageLoaded))
 	accountUpdatedMeter.Mark(int64(s.AccountUpdated))
 	storageUpdatedMeter.Mark(s.StorageUpdated.Load())
 	accountDeletedMeter.Mark(int64(s.AccountDeleted))
@@ -1746,7 +1685,10 @@ func (s *StateDB) commit(deleteEmptyObjects bool) (*stateUpdate, error) {
 	accountTrieDeletedMeter.Mark(int64(accountTrieNodesDeleted))
 	storageTriesUpdatedMeter.Mark(int64(storageTrieNodesUpdated))
 	storageTriesDeletedMeter.Mark(int64(storageTrieNodesDeleted))
-	s.AccountUpdated, s.AccountDeleted = 0, 0
+
+	// Clear the metric markers
+	s.AccountLoaded, s.AccountUpdated, s.AccountDeleted = 0, 0, 0
+	s.StorageLoaded = 0
 	s.StorageUpdated.Store(0)
 	s.StorageDeleted.Store(0)
 
@@ -1767,7 +1709,7 @@ func (s *StateDB) commitAndFlush(block uint64, deleteEmptyObjects bool) (*stateU
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	// Commit dirty contract code if any exists
-	if db := s.db.DiskDB(); db != nil && len(ret.codes) > 0 {
+	if db := s.db.TrieDB().Disk(); db != nil && len(ret.codes) > 0 {
 		batch := db.NewBatch()
 		for _, code := range ret.codes {
 			rawdb.WriteCode(batch, code.hash, code.blob)
@@ -1778,18 +1720,16 @@ func (s *StateDB) commitAndFlush(block uint64, deleteEmptyObjects bool) (*stateU
 	}
 	if !ret.empty() {
 		// If snapshotting is enabled, update the snapshot tree with this new version
-		if s.snap != nil {
+		if snap := s.db.Snapshot(); snap != nil && snap.Snapshot(ret.originRoot) != nil {
-			s.snap = nil
-
 			start := time.Now()
-			if err := s.snaps.Update(ret.root, ret.originRoot, ret.destructs, ret.accounts, ret.storages); err != nil {
+			if err := snap.Update(ret.root, ret.originRoot, ret.destructs, ret.accounts, ret.storages); err != nil {
 				log.Warn("Failed to update snapshot tree", "from", ret.originRoot, "to", ret.root, "err", err)
 			}
 			// Keep 128 diff layers in the memory, persistent layer is 129th.
 			// - head layer is paired with HEAD state
 			// - head-1 layer is paired with HEAD-1 state
 			// - head-127 layer(bottom-most diff layer) is paired with HEAD-127 state
-			if err := s.snaps.Cap(ret.root, TriesInMemory); err != nil {
+			if err := snap.Cap(ret.root, TriesInMemory); err != nil {
 				log.Warn("Failed to cap snapshot tree", "root", ret.root, "layers", TriesInMemory, "err", err)
 			}
 			s.SnapshotCommits += time.Since(start)
@@ -1804,6 +1744,7 @@ func (s *StateDB) commitAndFlush(block uint64, deleteEmptyObjects bool) (*stateU
 			s.TrieDBCommits += time.Since(start)
 		}
 	}
+	s.reader, _ = s.db.Reader(s.originalRoot)
 	return ret, err
 }
 
@@ -1875,7 +1816,7 @@ func (s *StateDB) Prepare(rules params.Rules, sender, coinbase common.Address, d
 // AddAddressToAccessList adds the given address to the access list
 func (s *StateDB) AddAddressToAccessList(addr common.Address) {
 	if s.accessList.AddAddress(addr) {
-		s.journal.append(accessListAddAccountChange{&addr})
+		s.journal.accessListAddAccount(addr)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1887,14 +1828,11 @@ func (s *StateDB) AddSlotToAccessList(addr common.Address, slot common.Hash) {
 		// scope of 'address' without having the 'address' become already added
 		// to the access list (via call-variant, create, etc).
 		// Better safe than sorry, though
-		s.journal.append(accessListAddAccountChange{&addr})
+		s.journal.accessListAddAccount(addr)
 	}
 
 	if slotMod {
-		s.journal.append(accessListAddSlotChange{
+		s.journal.accessListAddSlot(addr, slot)
-			address: &addr,
-			slot:    &slot,
-		})
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1960,6 +1898,7 @@ func (s *StateDB) markUpdate(addr common.Address) {
 	s.mutations[addr].typ = update
 }
 
+// PointCache returns the point cache used by verkle tree.
 func (s *StateDB) PointCache() *utils.PointCache {
 	return s.db.PointCache()
 }
@@ -1968,3 +1907,7 @@ func (s *StateDB) PointCache() *utils.PointCache {
 func (s *StateDB) Witness() *stateless.Witness {
 	return s.witness
 }
+
+func (s *StateDB) AccessEvents() *AccessEvents {
+	return s.accessEvents
+}

core/state/statedb_fuzz_test.go

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ func newStateTestAction(addr common.Address, r *rand.Rand, index int) testAction
 			args: make([]int64, 1),
 		},
 		{
-			name: "SetState",
+			name: "SetStorage",
 			fn: func(a testAction, s *StateDB) {
 				var key, val common.Hash
 				binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(key[:], uint16(a.args[0]))
@@ -197,7 +197,6 @@ func (test *stateTest) run() bool {
 		}
 		disk      = rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
 		tdb       = triedb.NewDatabase(disk, &triedb.Config{PathDB: pathdb.Defaults})
-		sdb       = NewDatabaseWithNodeDB(disk, tdb)
 		byzantium = rand.Intn(2) == 0
 	)
 	defer disk.Close()
@@ -217,7 +216,7 @@ func (test *stateTest) run() bool {
 		if i != 0 {
 			root = roots[len(roots)-1]
 		}
-		state, err := New(root, sdb, snaps)
+		state, err := New(root, NewDatabase(tdb, snaps))
 		if err != nil {
 			panic(err)
 		}

core/state/statedb_test.go

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ package state
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"encoding/binary"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"maps"
 	"math"
@@ -57,8 +56,9 @@ func TestUpdateLeaks(t *testing.T) {
 	var (
 		db  = rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
 		tdb = triedb.NewDatabase(db, nil)
+		sdb = NewDatabase(tdb, nil)
 	)
-	state, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, NewDatabaseWithNodeDB(db, tdb), nil)
+	state, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, sdb)
 
 	// Update it with some accounts
 	for i := byte(0); i < 255; i++ {
@@ -96,8 +96,8 @@ func TestIntermediateLeaks(t *testing.T) {
 	finalDb := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
 	transNdb := triedb.NewDatabase(transDb, nil)
 	finalNdb := triedb.NewDatabase(finalDb, nil)
-	transState, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, NewDatabaseWithNodeDB(transDb, transNdb), nil)
+	transState, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, NewDatabase(transNdb, nil))
-	finalState, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, NewDatabaseWithNodeDB(finalDb, finalNdb), nil)
+	finalState, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, NewDatabase(finalNdb, nil))
 
 	modify := func(state *StateDB, addr common.Address, i, tweak byte) {
 		state.SetBalance(addr, uint256.NewInt(uint64(11*i)+uint64(tweak)), tracing.BalanceChangeUnspecified)
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ func TestIntermediateLeaks(t *testing.T) {
 // https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pull/15549.
 func TestCopy(t *testing.T) {
 	// Create a random state test to copy and modify "independently"
-	orig, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()), nil)
+	orig, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, NewDatabaseForTesting())
 
 	for i := byte(0); i < 255; i++ {
 		obj := orig.getOrNewStateObject(common.BytesToAddress([]byte{i}))
@@ -246,8 +246,8 @@ func TestCopy(t *testing.T) {
 // TestCopyWithDirtyJournal tests if Copy can correct create a equal copied
 // stateDB with dirty journal present.
 func TestCopyWithDirtyJournal(t *testing.T) {
-	db := NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase())
+	db := NewDatabaseForTesting()
-	orig, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, db, nil)
+	orig, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, db)
 
 	// Fill up the initial states
 	for i := byte(0); i < 255; i++ {
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ func TestCopyWithDirtyJournal(t *testing.T) {
 		orig.updateStateObject(obj)
 	}
 	root, _ := orig.Commit(0, true)
-	orig, _ = New(root, db, nil)
+	orig, _ = New(root, db)
 
 	// modify all in memory without finalizing
 	for i := byte(0); i < 255; i++ {
@@ -290,8 +290,8 @@ func TestCopyWithDirtyJournal(t *testing.T) {
 // It then proceeds to make changes to S1. Those changes are _not_ supposed
 // to affect S2. This test checks that the copy properly deep-copies the objectstate
 func TestCopyObjectState(t *testing.T) {
-	db := NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase())
+	db := NewDatabaseForTesting()
-	orig, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, db, nil)
+	orig, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, db)
 
 	// Fill up the initial states
 	for i := byte(0); i < 5; i++ {
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ func newTestAction(addr common.Address, r *rand.Rand) testAction {
 			args: make([]int64, 1),
 		},
 		{
-			name: "SetState",
+			name: "SetStorage",
 			fn: func(a testAction, s *StateDB) {
 				var key, val common.Hash
 				binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(key[:], uint16(a.args[0]))
@@ -389,6 +389,12 @@ func newTestAction(addr common.Address, r *rand.Rand) testAction {
 		{
 			name: "SetCode",
 			fn: func(a testAction, s *StateDB) {
+				// SetCode can only be performed in case the addr does
+				// not already hold code
+				if c := s.GetCode(addr); len(c) > 0 {
+					// no-op
+					return
+				}
 				code := make([]byte, 16)
 				binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(code, uint64(a.args[0]))
 				binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(code[8:], uint64(a.args[1]))
@@ -551,7 +557,7 @@ func (test *snapshotTest) String() string {
 func (test *snapshotTest) run() bool {
 	// Run all actions and create snapshots.
 	var (
-		state, _     = New(types.EmptyRootHash, NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()), nil)
+		state, _     = New(types.EmptyRootHash, NewDatabaseForTesting())
 		snapshotRevs = make([]int, len(test.snapshots))
 		sindex       = 0
 		checkstates  = make([]*StateDB, len(test.snapshots))
@@ -730,7 +736,7 @@ func TestTouchDelete(t *testing.T) {
 	s := newStateEnv()
 	s.state.getOrNewStateObject(common.Address{})
 	root, _ := s.state.Commit(0, false)
-	s.state, _ = New(root, s.state.db, s.state.snaps)
+	s.state, _ = New(root, s.state.db)
 
 	snapshot := s.state.Snapshot()
 	s.state.AddBalance(common.Address{}, new(uint256.Int), tracing.BalanceChangeUnspecified)
@@ -749,7 +755,7 @@ func TestTouchDelete(t *testing.T) {
 func TestMVHashMapReadWriteDelete(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	db := NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase())
+	db := NewDatabaseForTesting()
 	mvhm := blockstm.MakeMVHashMap()
 	s, _ := NewWithMVHashmap(common.Hash{}, db, nil, mvhm)
 
@@ -816,7 +822,7 @@ func TestMVHashMapReadWriteDelete(t *testing.T) {
 func TestMVHashMapCreateContract(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	db := NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase())
+	db := NewDatabase(triedb.NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), triedb.HashDefaults), nil)
 	mvhm := blockstm.MakeMVHashMap()
 	s, _ := NewWithMVHashmap(common.Hash{}, db, nil, mvhm)
 
@@ -843,7 +849,7 @@ func TestMVHashMapCreateContract(t *testing.T) {
 func TestMVHashMapRevert(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	db := NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase())
+	db := NewDatabase(triedb.NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), triedb.HashDefaults), nil)
 	mvhm := blockstm.MakeMVHashMap()
 	s, _ := NewWithMVHashmap(common.Hash{}, db, nil, mvhm)
 
@@ -899,7 +905,7 @@ func TestMVHashMapRevert(t *testing.T) {
 func TestMVHashMapMarkEstimate(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	db := NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase())
+	db := NewDatabase(triedb.NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), triedb.HashDefaults), nil)
 	mvhm := blockstm.MakeMVHashMap()
 	s, _ := NewWithMVHashmap(common.Hash{}, db, nil, mvhm)
 
@@ -965,7 +971,7 @@ func TestMVHashMapMarkEstimate(t *testing.T) {
 func TestMVHashMapOverwrite(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	db := NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase())
+	db := NewDatabase(triedb.NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), triedb.HashDefaults), nil)
 	mvhm := blockstm.MakeMVHashMap()
 	s, _ := NewWithMVHashmap(common.Hash{}, db, nil, mvhm)
 
@@ -1047,7 +1053,7 @@ func TestMVHashMapOverwrite(t *testing.T) {
 func TestMVHashMapWriteNoConflict(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	db := NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase())
+	db := NewDatabase(triedb.NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), triedb.HashDefaults), nil)
 	mvhm := blockstm.MakeMVHashMap()
 	s, _ := NewWithMVHashmap(common.Hash{}, db, nil, mvhm)
 
@@ -1132,7 +1138,7 @@ func TestMVHashMapWriteNoConflict(t *testing.T) {
 func TestApplyMVWriteSet(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	db := NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase())
+	db := NewDatabase(triedb.NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), triedb.HashDefaults), nil)
 	mvhm := blockstm.MakeMVHashMap()
 	s, _ := NewWithMVHashmap(common.Hash{}, db, nil, mvhm)
 
@@ -1227,7 +1233,7 @@ func TestApplyMVWriteSet(t *testing.T) {
 func TestMVHashMapRevertConcurrent(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	db := NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase())
+	db := NewDatabase(triedb.NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), triedb.HashDefaults), nil)
 	mvhm := blockstm.MakeMVHashMap()
 	s, _ := NewWithMVHashmap(common.Hash{}, db, nil, mvhm)
 
@@ -1283,7 +1289,7 @@ func TestMVHashMapRevertConcurrent(t *testing.T) {
 // TestCopyOfCopy tests that modified objects are carried over to the copy, and the copy of the copy.
 // See https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pull/15225#issuecomment-380191512
 func TestCopyOfCopy(t *testing.T) {
-	state, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()), nil)
+	state, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, NewDatabaseForTesting())
 	addr := common.HexToAddress("aaaa")
 	state.SetBalance(addr, uint256.NewInt(42), tracing.BalanceChangeUnspecified)
 
@@ -1301,8 +1307,8 @@ func TestCopyOfCopy(t *testing.T) {
 //
 // See https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/issues/20106.
 func TestCopyCommitCopy(t *testing.T) {
-	tdb := NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase())
+	tdb := NewDatabaseForTesting()
-	state, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, tdb, nil)
+	state, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, tdb)
 
 	// Create an account and check if the retrieved balance is correct
 	addr := common.HexToAddress("0xaffeaffeaffeaffeaffeaffeaffeaffeaffeaffe")
@@ -1363,7 +1369,7 @@ func TestCopyCommitCopy(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	// Commit state, ensure states can be loaded from disk
 	root, _ := state.Commit(0, false)
-	state, _ = New(root, tdb, nil)
+	state, _ = New(root, tdb)
 	if balance := state.GetBalance(addr); balance.Cmp(uint256.NewInt(42)) != 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("state post-commit balance mismatch: have %v, want %v", balance, 42)
 	}
@@ -1383,7 +1389,7 @@ func TestCopyCommitCopy(t *testing.T) {
 //
 // See https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/issues/20106.
 func TestCopyCopyCommitCopy(t *testing.T) {
-	state, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()), nil)
+	state, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, NewDatabaseForTesting())
 
 	// Create an account and check if the retrieved balance is correct
 	addr := common.HexToAddress("0xaffeaffeaffeaffeaffeaffeaffeaffeaffeaffe")
@@ -1463,8 +1469,8 @@ func TestCopyCopyCommitCopy(t *testing.T) {
 
 // TestCommitCopy tests the copy from a committed state is not fully functional.
 func TestCommitCopy(t *testing.T) {
-	db := NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase())
+	db := NewDatabaseForTesting()
-	state, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, db, nil)
+	state, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, db)
 
 	// Create an account and check if the retrieved balance is correct
 	addr := common.HexToAddress("0xaffeaffeaffeaffeaffeaffeaffeaffeaffeaffe")
@@ -1489,7 +1495,7 @@ func TestCommitCopy(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	root, _ := state.Commit(0, true)
 
-	state, _ = New(root, db, nil)
+	state, _ = New(root, db)
 	state.SetState(addr, skey2, sval2)
 	state.Commit(1, true)
 
@@ -1502,10 +1508,10 @@ func TestCommitCopy(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected code: have %x", code)
 	}
 	// Miss slots because of non-functional trie after commit
-	if val := copied.GetState(addr, skey1); val != (common.Hash{}) {
+	if val := copied.GetState(addr, skey1); val != sval1 {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected storage slot: have %x", sval1)
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected storage slot: have %x", val)
 	}
-	if val := copied.GetCommittedState(addr, skey1); val != (common.Hash{}) {
+	if val := copied.GetCommittedState(addr, skey1); val != sval1 {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected storage slot: have %x", val)
 	}
 	// Slots cached in the stateDB, available after commit
@@ -1515,9 +1521,6 @@ func TestCommitCopy(t *testing.T) {
 	if val := copied.GetCommittedState(addr, skey2); val != sval2 {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected storage slot: have %x", val)
 	}
-	if !errors.Is(copied.Error(), trie.ErrCommitted) {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected state error, %v", copied.Error())
-	}
 }
 
 // TestDeleteCreateRevert tests a weird state transition corner case that we hit
@@ -1530,13 +1533,13 @@ func TestCommitCopy(t *testing.T) {
 // first, but the journal wiped the entire state object on create-revert.
 func TestDeleteCreateRevert(t *testing.T) {
 	// Create an initial state with a single contract
-	state, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()), nil)
+	state, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, NewDatabaseForTesting())
 
 	addr := common.BytesToAddress([]byte("so"))
 	state.SetBalance(addr, uint256.NewInt(1), tracing.BalanceChangeUnspecified)
 
 	root, _ := state.Commit(0, false)
-	state, _ = New(root, state.db, state.snaps)
+	state, _ = New(root, state.db)
 
 	// Simulate self-destructing in one transaction, then create-reverting in another
 	state.SelfDestruct(addr)
@@ -1548,7 +1551,7 @@ func TestDeleteCreateRevert(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Commit the entire state and make sure we don't crash and have the correct state
 	root, _ = state.Commit(0, true)
-	state, _ = New(root, state.db, state.snaps)
+	state, _ = New(root, state.db)
 
 	if state.getStateObject(addr) != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("self-destructed contract came alive")
@@ -1579,10 +1582,10 @@ func testMissingTrieNodes(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 			CleanCacheSize: 0,
 		}}) // disable caching
 	}
-	db := NewDatabaseWithNodeDB(memDb, tdb)
+	db := NewDatabase(tdb, nil)
 
 	var root common.Hash
-	state, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, db, nil)
+	state, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, db)
 	addr := common.BytesToAddress([]byte("so"))
 	{
 		state.SetBalance(addr, uint256.NewInt(1), tracing.BalanceChangeUnspecified)
@@ -1597,7 +1600,7 @@ func testMissingTrieNodes(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 		tdb.Commit(root, false)
 	}
 	// Create a new state on the old root
-	state, _ = New(root, db, nil)
+	state, _ = New(root, db)
 	// Now we clear out the memdb
 	it := memDb.NewIterator(nil, nil)
 	for it.Next() {
@@ -1631,9 +1634,8 @@ func TestStateDBAccessList(t *testing.T) {
 		return common.HexToHash(a)
 	}
 
-	memDb := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
+	db := NewDatabaseForTesting()
-	db := NewDatabase(memDb)
+	state, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, db)
-	state, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, db, nil)
 	state.accessList = newAccessList()
 
 	verifyAddrs := func(astrings ...string) {
@@ -1832,9 +1834,9 @@ func TestFlushOrderDataLoss(t *testing.T) {
 	// Create a state trie with many accounts and slots
 	var (
 		memdb    = rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
-		triedb   = triedb.NewDatabase(memdb, nil)
+		tdb      = triedb.NewDatabase(memdb, triedb.HashDefaults)
-		statedb  = NewDatabaseWithNodeDB(memdb, triedb)
+		statedb  = NewDatabase(tdb, nil)
-		state, _ = New(types.EmptyRootHash, statedb, nil)
+		state, _ = New(types.EmptyRootHash, statedb)
 	)
 
 	for a := byte(0); a < 10; a++ {
@@ -1848,15 +1850,15 @@ func TestFlushOrderDataLoss(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to commit state trie: %v", err)
 	}
-	triedb.Reference(root, common.Hash{})
+	tdb.Reference(root, common.Hash{})
-	if err := triedb.Cap(1024); err != nil {
+	if err := tdb.Cap(1024); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to cap trie dirty cache: %v", err)
 	}
-	if err := triedb.Commit(root, false); err != nil {
+	if err := tdb.Commit(root, false); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to commit state trie: %v", err)
 	}
 	// Reopen the state trie from flushed disk and verify it
-	state, err = New(root, NewDatabase(memdb), nil)
+	state, err = New(root, NewDatabase(triedb.NewDatabase(memdb, triedb.HashDefaults), nil))
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to reopen state trie: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -1873,9 +1875,8 @@ func TestFlushOrderDataLoss(t *testing.T) {
 func TestStateDBTransientStorage(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	memDb := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
+	db := NewDatabaseForTesting()
-	db := NewDatabase(memDb)
+	state, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, db)
-	state, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, db, nil)
 
 	key := common.Hash{0x01}
 	value := common.Hash{0x02}
@@ -1913,9 +1914,9 @@ func TestDeleteStorage(t *testing.T) {
 	var (
 		disk     = rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
 		tdb      = triedb.NewDatabase(disk, nil)
-		db       = NewDatabaseWithNodeDB(disk, tdb)
 		snaps, _ = snapshot.New(snapshot.Config{CacheSize: 10}, disk, tdb, types.EmptyRootHash)
-		state, _ = New(types.EmptyRootHash, db, snaps)
+		db       = NewDatabase(tdb, snaps)
+		state, _ = New(types.EmptyRootHash, db)
 		addr     = common.HexToAddress("0x1")
 	)
 	// Initialize account and populate storage
@@ -1927,9 +1928,10 @@ func TestDeleteStorage(t *testing.T) {
 		state.SetState(addr, slot, value)
 	}
 	root, _ := state.Commit(0, true)
+
 	// Init phase done, create two states, one with snap and one without
-	fastState, _ := New(root, db, snaps)
+	fastState, _ := New(root, NewDatabase(tdb, snaps))
-	slowState, _ := New(root, db, nil)
+	slowState, _ := New(root, NewDatabase(tdb, nil))
 
 	obj := fastState.getOrNewStateObject(addr)
 	storageRoot := obj.data.Root
@@ -1967,8 +1969,8 @@ func TestStorageDirtiness(t *testing.T) {
 	var (
 		disk       = rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
 		tdb        = triedb.NewDatabase(disk, nil)
-		db         = NewDatabaseWithNodeDB(disk, tdb)
+		db         = NewDatabase(tdb, nil)
-		state, _   = New(types.EmptyRootHash, db, nil)
+		state, _   = New(types.EmptyRootHash, db)
 		addr       = common.HexToAddress("0x1")
 		checkDirty = func(key common.Hash, value common.Hash, dirty bool) {
 			obj := state.getStateObject(addr)

core/state/sync_test.go

@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@ func makeTestState(scheme string) (ethdb.Database, Database, *triedb.Database, c
 	}
 	db := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
 	nodeDb := triedb.NewDatabase(db, config)
-	sdb := NewDatabaseWithNodeDB(db, nodeDb)
+	sdb := NewDatabase(nodeDb, nil)
-	state, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, sdb, nil)
+	state, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, sdb)
 
 	// Fill it with some arbitrary data
 	var accounts []*testAccount
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ func checkStateAccounts(t *testing.T, db ethdb.Database, scheme string, root com
 		config.PathDB = pathdb.Defaults
 	}
 	// Check root availability and state contents
-	state, err := New(root, NewDatabaseWithConfig(db, &config), nil)
+	state, err := New(root, NewDatabase(triedb.NewDatabase(db, &config), nil))
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create state trie at %x: %v", root, err)
 	}
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ func checkStateConsistency(db ethdb.Database, scheme string, root common.Hash) e
 	if scheme == rawdb.PathScheme {
 		config.PathDB = pathdb.Defaults
 	}
-	state, err := New(root, NewDatabaseWithConfig(db, config), nil)
+	state, err := New(root, NewDatabase(triedb.NewDatabase(db, config), nil))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

core/state/trie_prefetcher.go

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ var (
 //
 // Note, the prefetcher's API is not thread safe.
 type triePrefetcher struct {
+	verkle   bool                   // Flag whether the prefetcher is in verkle mode
 	db       Database               // Database to fetch trie nodes through
 	root     common.Hash            // Root hash of the account trie for metrics
 	fetchers map[string]*subfetcher // Subfetchers for each trie
@@ -68,6 +69,7 @@ type triePrefetcher struct {
 func newTriePrefetcher(db Database, root common.Hash, namespace string, noreads bool) *triePrefetcher {
 	prefix := triePrefetchMetricsPrefix + namespace
 	return &triePrefetcher{
+		verkle:   db.TrieDB().IsVerkle(),
 		db:       db,
 		root:     root,
 		fetchers: make(map[string]*subfetcher), // Active prefetchers use the fetchers map
@@ -214,12 +216,18 @@ func (p *triePrefetcher) used(owner common.Hash, root common.Hash, used [][]byte
 
 	if fetcher := p.fetchers[p.trieID(owner, root)]; fetcher != nil {
 		fetcher.wait() // ensure the fetcher's idle before poking in its internals
-		fetcher.used = used
+		fetcher.used = append(fetcher.used, used...)
 	}
 }
 
 // trieID returns an unique trie identifier consists the trie owner and root hash.
 func (p *triePrefetcher) trieID(owner common.Hash, root common.Hash) string {
+	// The trie in verkle is only identified by state root
+	if p.verkle {
+		return p.root.Hex()
+	}
+	// The trie in merkle is either identified by state root (account trie),
+	// or identified by the owner and trie root (storage trie)
 	trieID := make([]byte, common.HashLength*2)
 	copy(trieID, owner.Bytes())
 	copy(trieID[common.HashLength:], root.Bytes())
@@ -339,31 +347,47 @@ func (sf *subfetcher) terminate(async bool) {
 	<-sf.term
 }
 
+// openTrie resolves the target trie from database for prefetching.
+func (sf *subfetcher) openTrie() error {
+	// Open the verkle tree if the sub-fetcher is in verkle mode. Note, there is
+	// only a single fetcher for verkle.
+	if sf.db.TrieDB().IsVerkle() {
+		tr, err := sf.db.OpenTrie(sf.state)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Warn("Trie prefetcher failed opening verkle trie", "root", sf.root, "err", err)
+			return err
+		}
+		sf.trie = tr
+		return nil
+	}
+	// Open the merkle tree if the sub-fetcher is in merkle mode
+	if sf.owner == (common.Hash{}) {
+		tr, err := sf.db.OpenTrie(sf.state)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Warn("Trie prefetcher failed opening account trie", "root", sf.root, "err", err)
+			return err
+		}
+		sf.trie = tr
+		return nil
+	}
+	tr, err := sf.db.OpenStorageTrie(sf.state, sf.addr, sf.root, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warn("Trie prefetcher failed opening storage trie", "root", sf.root, "err", err)
+		return err
+	}
+	sf.trie = tr
+	return nil
+}
+
 // loop loads newly-scheduled trie tasks as they are received and loads them, stopping
 // when requested.
 func (sf *subfetcher) loop() {
 	// No matter how the loop stops, signal anyone waiting that it's terminated
 	defer close(sf.term)
 
-	// Start by opening the trie and stop processing if it fails
+	if err := sf.openTrie(); err != nil {
-	if sf.owner == (common.Hash{}) {
-		trie, err := sf.db.OpenTrie(sf.root)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Warn("Trie prefetcher failed opening trie", "root", sf.root, "err", err)
 		return
 	}
-
-		sf.trie = trie
-	} else {
-		trie, err := sf.db.OpenStorageTrie(sf.state, sf.addr, sf.root, nil)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Warn("Trie prefetcher failed opening trie", "root", sf.root, "err", err)
-			return
-		}
-
-		sf.trie = trie
-	}
-	// Trie opened successfully, keep prefetching items
 	for {
 		select {
 		case <-sf.wake:

core/state/trie_prefetcher_test.go

@@ -24,11 +24,14 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/tracing"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/testrand"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/triedb"
 	"github.com/holiman/uint256"
 )
 
 func filledStateDB() *StateDB {
-	state, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()), nil)
+	state, _ := New(types.EmptyRootHash, NewDatabaseForTesting())
 
 	// Create an account and check if the retrieved balance is correct
 	addr := common.HexToAddress("0xaffeaffeaffeaffeaffeaffeaffeaffeaffeaffe")
@@ -63,3 +66,47 @@ func TestUseAfterTerminate(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("Prefetcher returned nil trie after terminate")
 	}
 }
+
+func TestVerklePrefetcher(t *testing.T) {
+	disk := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
+	db := triedb.NewDatabase(disk, triedb.VerkleDefaults)
+	sdb := NewDatabase(db, nil)
+
+	state, err := New(types.EmptyRootHash, sdb)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to initialize state: %v", err)
+	}
+	// Create an account and check if the retrieved balance is correct
+	addr := testrand.Address()
+	skey := testrand.Hash()
+	sval := testrand.Hash()
+
+	state.SetBalance(addr, uint256.NewInt(42), tracing.BalanceChangeUnspecified) // Change the account trie
+	state.SetCode(addr, []byte("hello"))                                         // Change an external metadata
+	state.SetState(addr, skey, sval)                                             // Change the storage trie
+	root, _ := state.Commit(0, true)
+
+	state, _ = New(root, sdb)
+	sRoot := state.GetStorageRoot(addr)
+	fetcher := newTriePrefetcher(sdb, root, "", false)
+
+	// Read account
+	fetcher.prefetch(common.Hash{}, root, common.Address{}, [][]byte{
+		addr.Bytes(),
+	}, false)
+
+	// Read storage slot
+	fetcher.prefetch(crypto.Keccak256Hash(addr.Bytes()), sRoot, addr, [][]byte{
+		skey.Bytes(),
+	}, false)
+
+	fetcher.terminate(false)
+	accountTrie := fetcher.trie(common.Hash{}, root)
+	storageTrie := fetcher.trie(crypto.Keccak256Hash(addr.Bytes()), sRoot)
+
+	rootA := accountTrie.Hash()
+	rootB := storageTrie.Hash()
+	if rootA != rootB {
+		t.Fatal("Two different tries are retrieved")
+	}
+}

core/state_prefetcher.go

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 package core
 
 import (
-	"context"
 	"sync/atomic"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
@@ -90,7 +89,7 @@ func precacheTransaction(msg *Message, _ *params.ChainConfig, gaspool *GasPool,
 	// Update the evm with the new transaction context.
 	evm.Reset(NewEVMTxContext(msg), statedb)
 	// Add addresses to access list if applicable
-	_, err := ApplyMessage(evm, msg, gaspool, context.Background())
+	_, err := ApplyMessage(evm, msg, gaspool)
 
 	return err
 }

core/state_processor.go

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ func NewStateProcessor(config *params.ChainConfig, bc *BlockChain, hc *HeaderCha
 // Process returns the receipts and logs accumulated during the process and
 // returns the amount of gas that was used in the process. If any of the
 // transactions failed to execute due to insufficient gas it will return an error.
-func (p *StateProcessor) Process(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, cfg vm.Config, interruptCtx context.Context) (types.Receipts, []*types.Log, uint64, error) {
+func (p *StateProcessor) Process(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, cfg vm.Config) (*ProcessResult, error) {
 	var (
 		receipts    types.Receipts
 		usedGas     = new(uint64)
@@ -76,57 +76,57 @@ func (p *StateProcessor) Process(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, cfg
 	var (
 		context vm.BlockContext
 		signer  = types.MakeSigner(p.config, header.Number, header.Time)
+		err     error
 	)
 	context = NewEVMBlockContext(header, p.hc, nil)
 	vmenv := vm.NewEVM(context, vm.TxContext{}, statedb, p.config, cfg)
 	if beaconRoot := block.BeaconRoot(); beaconRoot != nil {
 		ProcessBeaconBlockRoot(*beaconRoot, vmenv, statedb)
 	}
+	if p.config.IsPrague(block.Number()) {
+		ProcessParentBlockHash(block.ParentHash(), vmenv, statedb)
+	}
 	// Iterate over and process the individual transactions
 	for i, tx := range block.Transactions() {
-		if interruptCtx != nil {
-			select {
-			case <-interruptCtx.Done():
-				return nil, nil, 0, interruptCtx.Err()
-			default:
-			}
-		}
-
 		msg, err := TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, header.BaseFee)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("could not apply tx %d [%v]: %w", i, tx.Hash().Hex(), err)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not apply tx %d [%v]: %w", i, tx.Hash().Hex(), err)
 		}
 
 		statedb.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), i)
 
-		receipt, err := ApplyTransactionWithEVM(msg, p.config, gp, statedb, blockNumber, blockHash, tx, usedGas, vmenv, interruptCtx)
+		receipt, err := ApplyTransactionWithEVM(msg, p.config, gp, statedb, blockNumber, blockHash, tx, usedGas, vmenv)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("could not apply tx %d [%v]: %w", i, tx.Hash().Hex(), err)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not apply tx %d [%v]: %w", i, tx.Hash().Hex(), err)
 		}
 
 		receipts = append(receipts, receipt)
 		allLogs = append(allLogs, receipt.Logs...)
 	}
-	// Fail if Shanghai not enabled and len(withdrawals) is non-zero.
+	// Read requests if Prague is enabled.
-	withdrawals := block.Withdrawals()
+	var requests types.Requests
-	if !p.config.IsShanghai(block.Number()) && withdrawals != nil {
+	if p.config.IsPrague(block.Number()) {
-		return nil, nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("withdrawals before shanghai")
+		requests, err = ParseDepositLogs(allLogs, p.config)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
 		}
-	// Bor does not support withdrawals
-	// nolint
-	if withdrawals != nil {
-		withdrawals = nil
 	}
+
 	// Finalize the block, applying any consensus engine specific extras (e.g. block rewards)
 	p.hc.engine.Finalize(p.bc, header, statedb, block.Body())
 
-	return receipts, allLogs, *usedGas, nil
+	return &ProcessResult{
+		Receipts: receipts,
+		Requests: requests,
+		Logs:     allLogs,
+		GasUsed:  *usedGas,
+	}, nil
 }
 
 // ApplyTransactionWithEVM attempts to apply a transaction to the given state database
 // and uses the input parameters for its environment similar to ApplyTransaction. However,
 // this method takes an already created EVM instance as input.
-func ApplyTransactionWithEVM(msg *Message, config *params.ChainConfig, gp *GasPool, statedb *state.StateDB, blockNumber *big.Int, blockHash common.Hash, tx *types.Transaction, usedGas *uint64, evm *vm.EVM, interruptCtx context.Context) (receipt *types.Receipt, err error) {
+func ApplyTransactionWithEVM(msg *Message, config *params.ChainConfig, gp *GasPool, statedb *state.StateDB, blockNumber *big.Int, blockHash common.Hash, tx *types.Transaction, usedGas *uint64, evm *vm.EVM) (receipt *types.Receipt, err error) {
 	if evm.Config.Tracer != nil && evm.Config.Tracer.OnTxStart != nil {
 		evm.Config.Tracer.OnTxStart(evm.GetVMContext(), tx, msg.From)
 		if evm.Config.Tracer.OnTxEnd != nil {
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ func ApplyTransactionWithEVM(msg *Message, config *params.ChainConfig, gp *GasPo
 	// resume recording read and write
 	statedb.SetMVHashmap(backupMVHashMap)
 
-	result, err = ApplyMessageNoFeeBurnOrTip(evm, *msg, gp, interruptCtx)
+	result, err = ApplyMessageNoFeeBurnOrTip(evm, *msg, gp)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -198,9 +198,14 @@ func ApplyTransactionWithEVM(msg *Message, config *params.ChainConfig, gp *GasPo
 
 	*usedGas += result.UsedGas
 
+	return MakeReceipt(evm, result, statedb, blockNumber, blockHash, tx, *usedGas, root), nil
+}
+
+// MakeReceipt generates the receipt object for a transaction given its execution result.
+func MakeReceipt(evm *vm.EVM, result *ExecutionResult, statedb *state.StateDB, blockNumber *big.Int, blockHash common.Hash, tx *types.Transaction, usedGas uint64, root []byte) *types.Receipt {
 	// Create a new receipt for the transaction, storing the intermediate root and gas used
 	// by the tx.
-	receipt = &types.Receipt{Type: tx.Type(), PostState: root, CumulativeGasUsed: *usedGas}
+	receipt := &types.Receipt{Type: tx.Type(), PostState: root, CumulativeGasUsed: usedGas}
 	if result.Failed() {
 		receipt.Status = types.ReceiptStatusFailed
 	} else {
@@ -216,18 +221,23 @@ func ApplyTransactionWithEVM(msg *Message, config *params.ChainConfig, gp *GasPo
 	}
 
 	// If the transaction created a contract, store the creation address in the receipt.
-	if msg.To == nil {
+	if tx.To() == nil {
 		receipt.ContractAddress = crypto.CreateAddress(evm.TxContext.Origin, tx.Nonce())
 	}
 
+	// Merge the tx-local access event into the "block-local" one, in order to collect
+	// all values, so that the witness can be built.
+	if statedb.GetTrie().IsVerkle() {
+		statedb.AccessEvents().Merge(evm.AccessEvents)
+	}
+
 	// Set the receipt logs and create the bloom filter.
 	receipt.Logs = statedb.GetLogs(tx.Hash(), blockNumber.Uint64(), blockHash)
 	receipt.Bloom = types.CreateBloom(types.Receipts{receipt})
 	receipt.BlockHash = blockHash
 	receipt.BlockNumber = blockNumber
 	receipt.TransactionIndex = uint(statedb.TxIndex())
-
+	return receipt
-	return receipt, err
 }
 
 // ApplyTransaction attempts to apply a transaction to the given state database
@@ -243,17 +253,19 @@ func ApplyTransaction(config *params.ChainConfig, bc ChainContext, author *commo
 	blockContext := NewEVMBlockContext(header, bc, author)
 	txContext := NewEVMTxContext(msg)
 	vmenv := vm.NewEVM(blockContext, txContext, statedb, config, cfg)
-	return ApplyTransactionWithEVM(msg, config, gp, statedb, header.Number, header.Hash(), tx, usedGas, vmenv, interruptCtx)
+	return ApplyTransactionWithEVM(msg, config, gp, statedb, header.Number, header.Hash(), tx, usedGas, vmenv)
 }
 
 // ProcessBeaconBlockRoot applies the EIP-4788 system call to the beacon block root
 // contract. This method is exported to be used in tests.
 func ProcessBeaconBlockRoot(beaconRoot common.Hash, vmenv *vm.EVM, statedb *state.StateDB) {
-	if vmenv.Config.Tracer != nil && vmenv.Config.Tracer.OnSystemCallStart != nil {
+	if tracer := vmenv.Config.Tracer; tracer != nil {
-		vmenv.Config.Tracer.OnSystemCallStart()
+		if tracer.OnSystemCallStart != nil {
+			tracer.OnSystemCallStart()
+		}
+		if tracer.OnSystemCallEnd != nil {
+			defer tracer.OnSystemCallEnd()
 		}
-	if vmenv.Config.Tracer != nil && vmenv.Config.Tracer.OnSystemCallEnd != nil {
-		defer vmenv.Config.Tracer.OnSystemCallEnd()
 	}
 
 	// If EIP-4788 is enabled, we need to invoke the beaconroot storage contract with
@@ -269,6 +281,49 @@ func ProcessBeaconBlockRoot(beaconRoot common.Hash, vmenv *vm.EVM, statedb *stat
 	}
 	vmenv.Reset(NewEVMTxContext(msg), statedb)
 	statedb.AddAddressToAccessList(params.BeaconRootsAddress)
-	_, _, _ = vmenv.Call(vm.AccountRef(msg.From), *msg.To, msg.Data, 30_000_000, common.U2560, nil)
+	_, _, _ = vmenv.Call(vm.AccountRef(msg.From), *msg.To, msg.Data, 30_000_000, common.U2560)
 	statedb.Finalise(true)
 }
+
+// ProcessParentBlockHash stores the parent block hash in the history storage contract
+// as per EIP-2935.
+func ProcessParentBlockHash(prevHash common.Hash, vmenv *vm.EVM, statedb *state.StateDB) {
+	if tracer := vmenv.Config.Tracer; tracer != nil {
+		if tracer.OnSystemCallStart != nil {
+			tracer.OnSystemCallStart()
+		}
+		if tracer.OnSystemCallEnd != nil {
+			defer tracer.OnSystemCallEnd()
+		}
+	}
+
+	msg := &Message{
+		From:      params.SystemAddress,
+		GasLimit:  30_000_000,
+		GasPrice:  common.Big0,
+		GasFeeCap: common.Big0,
+		GasTipCap: common.Big0,
+		To:        &params.HistoryStorageAddress,
+		Data:      prevHash.Bytes(),
+	}
+	vmenv.Reset(NewEVMTxContext(msg), statedb)
+	statedb.AddAddressToAccessList(params.HistoryStorageAddress)
+	_, _, _ = vmenv.Call(vm.AccountRef(msg.From), *msg.To, msg.Data, 30_000_000, common.U2560)
+	statedb.Finalise(true)
+}
+
+// ParseDepositLogs extracts the EIP-6110 deposit values from logs emitted by
+// BeaconDepositContract.
+func ParseDepositLogs(logs []*types.Log, config *params.ChainConfig) (types.Requests, error) {
+	deposits := make(types.Requests, 0)
+	for _, log := range logs {
+		if log.Address == config.DepositContractAddress {
+			d, err := types.UnpackIntoDeposit(log.Data)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to parse deposit data: %v", err)
+			}
+			deposits = append(deposits, types.NewRequest(d))
+		}
+	}
+	return deposits, nil
+}

core/state_processor_test.go

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ package core
 
 import (
 	"crypto/ecdsa"
+	"encoding/binary"
 	"math/big"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -31,11 +32,14 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/misc/eip1559"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/misc/eip4844"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/triedb"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-verkle"
 	"github.com/holiman/uint256"
 )
 
@@ -489,13 +493,40 @@ func TestProcessVerkle(t *testing.T) {
 
 	txCost1 := params.TxGas
 	txCost2 := params.TxGas
-	contractCreationCost := intrinsicContractCreationGas + uint64(2039 /* execution costs */)
+	contractCreationCost := intrinsicContractCreationGas +
-	codeWithExtCodeCopyGas := intrinsicCodeWithExtCodeCopyGas + uint64(57444 /* execution costs */)
+		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + params.WitnessBranchReadCost + params.WitnessBranchWriteCost + /* creation */
+		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* creation with value */
+		739 /* execution costs */
+	codeWithExtCodeCopyGas := intrinsicCodeWithExtCodeCopyGas +
+		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + params.WitnessBranchReadCost + params.WitnessBranchWriteCost + /* creation (tx) */
+		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + params.WitnessBranchReadCost + params.WitnessBranchWriteCost + /* creation (CREATE at pc=0x20) */
+		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* write code hash */
+		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* code chunk #0 */
+		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* code chunk #1 */
+		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* code chunk #2 */
+		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* code chunk #3 */
+		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* code chunk #4 */
+		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* code chunk #5 */
+		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + /* SLOAD in constructor */
+		params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* SSTORE in constructor */
+		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + params.WitnessBranchReadCost + params.WitnessBranchWriteCost + /* creation (CREATE at PC=0x121) */
+		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* write code hash */
+		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* code chunk #0 */
+		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* code chunk #1 */
+		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* code chunk #2 */
+		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* code chunk #3 */
+		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* code chunk #4 */
+		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* code chunk #5 */
+		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + /* SLOAD in constructor */
+		params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* SSTORE in constructor */
+		params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* write code hash for tx creation */
+		15*(params.WitnessChunkReadCost+params.WitnessChunkWriteCost) + /* code chunks #0..#14 */
+		4844 /* execution costs */
 	blockGasUsagesExpected := []uint64{
 		txCost1*2 + txCost2,
 		txCost1*2 + txCost2 + contractCreationCost + codeWithExtCodeCopyGas,
 	}
-	_, chain, _, _, _ := GenerateVerkleChainWithGenesis(gspec, beacon.New(ethash.NewFaker()), 2, func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {
+	_, chain, _, proofs, statediffs := GenerateVerkleChainWithGenesis(gspec, beacon.New(ethash.NewFaker()), 2, func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {
 		gen.SetPoS()
 
 		// TODO need to check that the tx cost provided is the exact amount used (no remaining left-over)
@@ -516,7 +547,17 @@ func TestProcessVerkle(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 
-	t.Log("inserting blocks into the chain")
+	// Check proof for both blocks
+	err := verkle.Verify(proofs[0], gspec.ToBlock().Root().Bytes(), chain[0].Root().Bytes(), statediffs[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	err = verkle.Verify(proofs[1], chain[0].Root().Bytes(), chain[1].Root().Bytes(), statediffs[1])
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	t.Log("verified verkle proof, inserting blocks into the chain")
 
 	endnum, err := blockchain.InsertChain(chain)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -536,3 +577,54 @@ func TestProcessVerkle(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func TestProcessParentBlockHash(t *testing.T) {
+	var (
+		chainConfig = params.MergedTestChainConfig
+		hashA       = common.Hash{0x01}
+		hashB       = common.Hash{0x02}
+		header      = &types.Header{ParentHash: hashA, Number: big.NewInt(2), Difficulty: big.NewInt(0)}
+		parent      = &types.Header{ParentHash: hashB, Number: big.NewInt(1), Difficulty: big.NewInt(0)}
+		coinbase    = common.Address{}
+	)
+	test := func(statedb *state.StateDB) {
+		statedb.SetNonce(params.HistoryStorageAddress, 1)
+		statedb.SetCode(params.HistoryStorageAddress, params.HistoryStorageCode)
+		statedb.IntermediateRoot(true)
+
+		vmContext := NewEVMBlockContext(header, nil, &coinbase)
+		evm := vm.NewEVM(vmContext, vm.TxContext{}, statedb, chainConfig, vm.Config{})
+		ProcessParentBlockHash(header.ParentHash, evm, statedb)
+
+		vmContext = NewEVMBlockContext(parent, nil, &coinbase)
+		evm = vm.NewEVM(vmContext, vm.TxContext{}, statedb, chainConfig, vm.Config{})
+		ProcessParentBlockHash(parent.ParentHash, evm, statedb)
+
+		// make sure that the state is correct
+		if have := getParentBlockHash(statedb, 1); have != hashA {
+			t.Errorf("want parent hash %v, have %v", hashA, have)
+		}
+		if have := getParentBlockHash(statedb, 0); have != hashB {
+			t.Errorf("want parent hash %v, have %v", hashB, have)
+		}
+	}
+	t.Run("MPT", func(t *testing.T) {
+		statedb, _ := state.New(types.EmptyRootHash, state.NewDatabaseForTesting())
+		test(statedb)
+	})
+	t.Run("Verkle", func(t *testing.T) {
+		db := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
+		cacheConfig := DefaultCacheConfigWithScheme(rawdb.PathScheme)
+		cacheConfig.SnapshotLimit = 0
+		triedb := triedb.NewDatabase(db, cacheConfig.triedbConfig(true))
+		statedb, _ := state.New(types.EmptyVerkleHash, state.NewDatabase(triedb, nil))
+		test(statedb)
+	})
+}
+
+func getParentBlockHash(statedb *state.StateDB, number uint64) common.Hash {
+	ringIndex := number % params.HistoryServeWindow
+	var key common.Hash
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(key[24:], ringIndex)
+	return statedb.GetState(params.HistoryStorageAddress, key)
+}

core/state_transition.go

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 package core
 
 import (
-	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
 	"math/big"
@@ -158,10 +157,13 @@ type Message struct {
 	BlobGasFeeCap *big.Int
 	BlobHashes    []common.Hash
 
-	// When SkipAccountChecks is true, the message nonce is not checked against the
+	// When SkipNonceChecks is true, the message nonce is not checked against the
-	// account nonce in state. It also disables checking that the sender is an EOA.
+	// account nonce in state.
 	// This field will be set to true for operations like RPC eth_call.
-	SkipAccountChecks bool
+	SkipNonceChecks bool
+
+	// When SkipFromEOACheck is true, the message sender is not checked to be an EOA.
+	SkipFromEOACheck bool
 }
 
 // TransactionToMessage converts a transaction into a Message.
@@ -176,7 +178,8 @@ func TransactionToMessage(tx *types.Transaction, s types.Signer, baseFee *big.In
 		Value:            tx.Value(),
 		Data:             tx.Data(),
 		AccessList:       tx.AccessList(),
-		SkipAccountChecks: false,
+		SkipNonceChecks:  false,
+		SkipFromEOACheck: false,
 		BlobHashes:       tx.BlobHashes(),
 		BlobGasFeeCap:    tx.BlobGasFeeCap(),
 	}
@@ -198,15 +201,15 @@ func TransactionToMessage(tx *types.Transaction, s types.Signer, baseFee *big.In
 // the gas used (which includes gas refunds) and an error if it failed. An error always
 // indicates a core error meaning that the message would always fail for that particular
 // state and would never be accepted within a block.
-func ApplyMessage(evm *vm.EVM, msg *Message, gp *GasPool, interruptCtx context.Context) (*ExecutionResult, error) {
+func ApplyMessage(evm *vm.EVM, msg *Message, gp *GasPool) (*ExecutionResult, error) {
-	return NewStateTransition(evm, msg, gp).TransitionDb(interruptCtx)
+	return NewStateTransition(evm, msg, gp).TransitionDb()
 }
 
-func ApplyMessageNoFeeBurnOrTip(evm *vm.EVM, msg Message, gp *GasPool, interruptCtx context.Context) (*ExecutionResult, error) {
+func ApplyMessageNoFeeBurnOrTip(evm *vm.EVM, msg Message, gp *GasPool) (*ExecutionResult, error) {
 	st := NewStateTransition(evm, &msg, gp)
 	st.noFeeBurnAndTip = true
 
-	return st.TransitionDb(interruptCtx)
+	return st.TransitionDb()
 }
 
 // StateTransition represents a state transition.
@@ -312,7 +315,7 @@ func (st *StateTransition) buyGas() error {
 func (st *StateTransition) preCheck() error {
 	// Only check transactions that are not fake
 	msg := st.msg
-	if !msg.SkipAccountChecks {
+	if !msg.SkipNonceChecks {
 		// Make sure this transaction's nonce is correct.
 		stNonce := st.state.GetNonce(msg.From)
 		if msgNonce := msg.Nonce; stNonce < msgNonce {
@@ -325,6 +328,8 @@ func (st *StateTransition) preCheck() error {
 			return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v, nonce: %d", ErrNonceMax,
 				msg.From.Hex(), stNonce)
 		}
+	}
+	if !msg.SkipFromEOACheck {
 		// Make sure the sender is an EOA
 		codeHash := st.state.GetCodeHash(msg.From)
 		if codeHash != (common.Hash{}) && codeHash != types.EmptyCodeHash {
@@ -404,7 +409,7 @@ func (st *StateTransition) preCheck() error {
 //
 // However if any consensus issue encountered, return the error directly with
 // nil evm execution result.
-func (st *StateTransition) TransitionDb(interruptCtx context.Context) (*ExecutionResult, error) {
+func (st *StateTransition) TransitionDb() (*ExecutionResult, error) {
 	input1 := st.state.GetBalance(st.msg.From)
 
 	var input2 *uint256.Int
@@ -488,7 +493,7 @@ func (st *StateTransition) TransitionDb(interruptCtx context.Context) (*Executio
 	} else {
 		st.state.SetNonce(msg.From, st.state.GetNonce(sender.Address())+1)
 
-		ret, st.gasRemaining, vmerr = st.evm.Call(sender, st.to(), msg.Data, st.gasRemaining, value, interruptCtx)
+		ret, st.gasRemaining, vmerr = st.evm.Call(sender, st.to(), msg.Data, st.gasRemaining, value)
 	}
 
 	var gasRefund uint64
@@ -537,7 +542,7 @@ func (st *StateTransition) TransitionDb(interruptCtx context.Context) (*Executio
 
 		// add the coinbase to the witness iff the fee is greater than 0
 		if rules.IsEIP4762 && amount.Sign() != 0 {
-			st.evm.AccessEvents.BalanceGas(st.evm.Context.Coinbase, true)
+			st.evm.AccessEvents.AddAccount(st.evm.Context.Coinbase, true)
 		}
 
 		output1 := new(big.Int).SetBytes(input1.Bytes())

core/stateless.go

@@ -17,8 +17,6 @@
 package core
 
 import (
-	"context"
-
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/lru"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/beacon"
@@ -27,25 +25,33 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/stateless"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/triedb"
 )
 
 // ExecuteStateless runs a stateless execution based on a witness, verifies
-// everything it can locally and returns the two computed fields that need the
+// everything it can locally and returns the state root and receipt root, that
-// other side to explicitly check.
+// need the other side to explicitly check.
 //
 // This method is a bit of a sore thumb here, but:
 //   - It cannot be placed in core/stateless, because state.New prodces a circular dep
 //   - It cannot be placed outside of core, because it needs to construct a dud headerchain
 //
 // TODO(karalabe): Would be nice to resolve both issues above somehow and move it.
-func ExecuteStateless(config *params.ChainConfig, witness *stateless.Witness) (common.Hash, common.Hash, error) {
+func ExecuteStateless(config *params.ChainConfig, block *types.Block, witness *stateless.Witness) (common.Hash, common.Hash, error) {
+	// Sanity check if the supplied block accidentally contains a set root or
+	// receipt hash. If so, be very loud, but still continue.
+	if block.Root() != (common.Hash{}) {
+		log.Error("stateless runner received state root it's expected to calculate (faulty consensus client)", "block", block.Number())
+	}
+	if block.ReceiptHash() != (common.Hash{}) {
+		log.Error("stateless runner received receipt root it's expected to calculate (faulty consensus client)", "block", block.Number())
+	}
 	// Create and populate the state database to serve as the stateless backend
 	memdb := witness.MakeHashDB()
-
+	db, err := state.New(witness.Root(), state.NewDatabase(triedb.NewDatabase(memdb, triedb.HashDefaults), nil))
-	db, err := state.New(witness.Root(), state.NewDatabaseWithConfig(memdb, triedb.HashDefaults), nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return common.Hash{}, common.Hash{}, err
 	}
@@ -60,16 +66,15 @@ func ExecuteStateless(config *params.ChainConfig, witness *stateless.Witness) (c
 	validator := NewBlockValidator(config, nil) // No chain, we only validate the state, not the block
 
 	// Run the stateless blocks processing and self-validate certain fields
-	receipts, _, usedGas, err := processor.Process(witness.Block, db, vm.Config{}, context.Background())
+	res, err := processor.Process(block, db, vm.Config{})
 	if err != nil {
 		return common.Hash{}, common.Hash{}, err
 	}
-	if err = validator.ValidateState(witness.Block, db, receipts, usedGas, true); err != nil {
+	if err = validator.ValidateState(block, db, res, true); err != nil {
 		return common.Hash{}, common.Hash{}, err
 	}
 	// Almost everything validated, but receipt and state root needs to be returned
-	receiptRoot := types.DeriveSha(receipts, trie.NewStackTrie(nil))
+	receiptRoot := types.DeriveSha(res.Receipts, trie.NewStackTrie(nil))
-	stateRoot := db.IntermediateRoot(config.IsEIP158(witness.Block.Number()))
+	stateRoot := db.IntermediateRoot(config.IsEIP158(block.Number()))
-
+	return stateRoot, receiptRoot, nil
-	return receiptRoot, stateRoot, nil
 }

core/stateless/database.go

@@ -26,6 +26,13 @@ import (
 // MakeHashDB imports tries, codes and block hashes from a witness into a new
 // hash-based memory db. We could eventually rewrite this into a pathdb, but
 // simple is better for now.
+//
+// Note, this hashdb approach is quite strictly self-validating:
+//   - Headers are persisted keyed by hash, so blockhash will error on junk
+//   - Codes are persisted keyed by hash, so bytecode lookup will error on junk
+//   - Trie nodes are persisted keyed by hash, so trie expansion will error on junk
+//
+// Acceleration structures built would need to explicitly validate the witness.
 func (w *Witness) MakeHashDB() ethdb.Database {
 	var (
 		memdb  = rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()

core/stateless/encoding.go

@@ -17,42 +17,31 @@
 package stateless
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"slices"
 
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
 )
 
-//go:generate go run github.com/fjl/gencodec -type extWitness -field-override extWitnessMarshalling -out gen_encoding_json.go
-
 // toExtWitness converts our internal witness representation to the consensus one.
 func (w *Witness) toExtWitness() *extWitness {
 	ext := &extWitness{
-		Block:   w.Block,
 		Headers: w.Headers,
 	}
 	ext.Codes = make([][]byte, 0, len(w.Codes))
 	for code := range w.Codes {
 		ext.Codes = append(ext.Codes, []byte(code))
 	}
-	slices.SortFunc(ext.Codes, bytes.Compare)
-
 	ext.State = make([][]byte, 0, len(w.State))
 	for node := range w.State {
 		ext.State = append(ext.State, []byte(node))
 	}
-	slices.SortFunc(ext.State, bytes.Compare)
 	return ext
 }
 
 // fromExtWitness converts the consensus witness format into our internal one.
 func (w *Witness) fromExtWitness(ext *extWitness) error {
-	w.Block, w.Headers = ext.Block, ext.Headers
+	w.Headers = ext.Headers
 
 	w.Codes = make(map[string]struct{}, len(ext.Codes))
 	for _, code := range ext.Codes {
@@ -62,12 +51,7 @@ func (w *Witness) fromExtWitness(ext *extWitness) error {
 	for _, node := range ext.State {
 		w.State[string(node)] = struct{}{}
 	}
-	return w.sanitize()
+	return nil
-}
-
-// MarshalJSON marshals a witness as JSON.
-func (w *Witness) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
-	return w.toExtWitness().MarshalJSON()
 }
 
 // EncodeRLP serializes a witness as RLP.
@@ -75,15 +59,6 @@ func (w *Witness) EncodeRLP(wr io.Writer) error {
 	return rlp.Encode(wr, w.toExtWitness())
 }
 
-// UnmarshalJSON unmarshals from JSON.
-func (w *Witness) UnmarshalJSON(input []byte) error {
-	var ext extWitness
-	if err := ext.UnmarshalJSON(input); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return w.fromExtWitness(&ext)
-}
-
 // DecodeRLP decodes a witness from RLP.
 func (w *Witness) DecodeRLP(s *rlp.Stream) error {
 	var ext extWitness
@@ -93,37 +68,9 @@ func (w *Witness) DecodeRLP(s *rlp.Stream) error {
 	return w.fromExtWitness(&ext)
 }
 
-// sanitize checks for some mandatory fields in the witness after decoding so
-// the rest of the code can assume invariants and doesn't have to deal with
-// corrupted data.
-func (w *Witness) sanitize() error {
-	// Verify that the "parent" header (i.e. index 0) is available, and is the
-	// true parent of the block-to-be executed, since we use that to link the
-	// current block to the pre-state.
-	if len(w.Headers) == 0 {
-		return errors.New("parent header (for pre-root hash) missing")
-	}
-	for i, header := range w.Headers {
-		if header == nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("witness header nil at position %d", i)
-		}
-	}
-	if w.Headers[0].Hash() != w.Block.ParentHash() {
-		return fmt.Errorf("parent hash different: witness %v, block parent %v", w.Headers[0].Hash(), w.Block.ParentHash())
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 // extWitness is a witness RLP encoding for transferring across clients.
 type extWitness struct {
-	Block   *types.Block    `json:"block"       gencodec:"required"`
+	Headers []*types.Header
-	Headers []*types.Header `json:"headers"       gencodec:"required"`
+	Codes   [][]byte
-	Codes   [][]byte        `json:"codes"`
+	State   [][]byte
-	State   [][]byte        `json:"state"`
-}
-
-// extWitnessMarshalling defines the hex marshalling types for a witness.
-type extWitnessMarshalling struct {
-	Codes []hexutil.Bytes
-	State []hexutil.Bytes
 }

core/stateless/gen_encoding_json.go

@@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
-// Code generated by github.com/fjl/gencodec. DO NOT EDIT.
-
-package stateless
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
-
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
-)
-
-var _ = (*extWitnessMarshalling)(nil)
-
-// MarshalJSON marshals as JSON.
-func (e extWitness) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
-	type extWitness struct {
-		Block   *types.Block    `json:"block"       gencodec:"required"`
-		Headers []*types.Header `json:"headers"       gencodec:"required"`
-		Codes   []hexutil.Bytes `json:"codes"`
-		State   []hexutil.Bytes `json:"state"`
-	}
-	var enc extWitness
-	enc.Block = e.Block
-	enc.Headers = e.Headers
-	if e.Codes != nil {
-		enc.Codes = make([]hexutil.Bytes, len(e.Codes))
-		for k, v := range e.Codes {
-			enc.Codes[k] = v
-		}
-	}
-	if e.State != nil {
-		enc.State = make([]hexutil.Bytes, len(e.State))
-		for k, v := range e.State {
-			enc.State[k] = v
-		}
-	}
-	return json.Marshal(&enc)
-}
-
-// UnmarshalJSON unmarshals from JSON.
-func (e *extWitness) UnmarshalJSON(input []byte) error {
-	type extWitness struct {
-		Block   *types.Block    `json:"block"       gencodec:"required"`
-		Headers []*types.Header `json:"headers"       gencodec:"required"`
-		Codes   []hexutil.Bytes `json:"codes"`
-		State   []hexutil.Bytes `json:"state"`
-	}
-	var dec extWitness
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(input, &dec); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if dec.Block == nil {
-		return errors.New("missing required field 'block' for extWitness")
-	}
-	e.Block = dec.Block
-	if dec.Headers == nil {
-		return errors.New("missing required field 'headers' for extWitness")
-	}
-	e.Headers = dec.Headers
-	if dec.Codes != nil {
-		e.Codes = make([][]byte, len(dec.Codes))
-		for k, v := range dec.Codes {
-			e.Codes[k] = v
-		}
-	}
-	if dec.State != nil {
-		e.State = make([][]byte, len(dec.State))
-		for k, v := range dec.State {
-			e.State[k] = v
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}

core/stateless/witness.go

@@ -17,16 +17,13 @@
 package stateless
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"errors"
-	"fmt"
 	"maps"
 	"slices"
 	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
 )
 
 // HeaderReader is an interface to pull in headers in place of block hashes for
@@ -36,10 +33,11 @@ type HeaderReader interface {
 	GetHeader(hash common.Hash, number uint64) *types.Header
 }
 
-// Witness encompasses a block, state and any other chain data required to apply
+// Witness encompasses the state required to apply a set of transactions and
-// a set of transactions and derive a post state/receipt root.
+// derive a post state/receipt root.
 type Witness struct {
-	Block   *types.Block        // Current block with rootHash and receiptHash zeroed out
+	context *types.Header // Header to which this witness belongs to, with rootHash and receiptHash zeroed out
+
 	Headers []*types.Header     // Past headers in reverse order (0=parent, 1=parent's-parent, etc). First *must* be set.
 	Codes   map[string]struct{} // Set of bytecodes ran or accessed
 	State   map[string]struct{} // Set of MPT state trie nodes (account and storage together)
@@ -49,24 +47,23 @@ type Witness struct {
 }
 
 // NewWitness creates an empty witness ready for population.
-func NewWitness(chain HeaderReader, block *types.Block) (*Witness, error) {
+func NewWitness(context *types.Header, chain HeaderReader) (*Witness, error) {
-	// Zero out the result fields to avoid accidentally sending them to the verifier
+	// When building witnesses, retrieve the parent header, which will *always*
-	header := block.Header()
+	// be included to act as a trustless pre-root hash container
-	header.Root = common.Hash{}
+	var headers []*types.Header
-	header.ReceiptHash = common.Hash{}
+	if chain != nil {
-
+		parent := chain.GetHeader(context.ParentHash, context.Number.Uint64()-1)
-	// Retrieve the parent header, which will *always* be included to act as a
-	// trustless pre-root hash container
-	parent := chain.GetHeader(block.ParentHash(), block.NumberU64()-1)
 		if parent == nil {
 			return nil, errors.New("failed to retrieve parent header")
 		}
+		headers = append(headers, parent)
+	}
 	// Create the wtness with a reconstructed gutted out block
 	return &Witness{
-		Block:   types.NewBlockWithHeader(header).WithBody(*block.Body()),
+		context: context,
+		Headers: headers,
 		Codes:   make(map[string]struct{}),
 		State:   make(map[string]struct{}),
-		Headers: []*types.Header{parent},
 		chain:   chain,
 	}, nil
 }
@@ -76,11 +73,8 @@ func NewWitness(chain HeaderReader, block *types.Block) (*Witness, error) {
 // the chain to cover the block being added.
 func (w *Witness) AddBlockHash(number uint64) {
 	// Keep pulling in headers until this hash is populated
-	for int(w.Block.NumberU64()-number) > len(w.Headers) {
+	for int(w.context.Number.Uint64()-number) > len(w.Headers) {
-		tail := w.Block.Header()
+		tail := w.Headers[len(w.Headers)-1]
-		if len(w.Headers) > 0 {
-			tail = w.Headers[len(w.Headers)-1]
-		}
 		w.Headers = append(w.Headers, w.chain.GetHeader(tail.ParentHash, tail.Number.Uint64()-1))
 	}
 }
@@ -101,53 +95,22 @@ func (w *Witness) AddState(nodes map[string]struct{}) {
 	w.lock.Lock()
 	defer w.lock.Unlock()
 
-	for node := range nodes {
+	maps.Copy(w.State, nodes)
-		w.State[node] = struct{}{}
-	}
 }
 
 // Copy deep-copies the witness object.  Witness.Block isn't deep-copied as it
 // is never mutated by Witness
 func (w *Witness) Copy() *Witness {
-	return &Witness{
+	cpy := &Witness{
-		Block:   w.Block,
 		Headers: slices.Clone(w.Headers),
 		Codes:   maps.Clone(w.Codes),
 		State:   maps.Clone(w.State),
+		chain:   w.chain,
 	}
+	if w.context != nil {
+		cpy.context = types.CopyHeader(w.context)
 	}
-
+	return cpy
-// String prints a human-readable summary containing the total size of the
-// witness and the sizes of the underlying components
-func (w *Witness) String() string {
-	blob, _ := rlp.EncodeToBytes(w)
-	bytesTotal := len(blob)
-
-	blob, _ = rlp.EncodeToBytes(w.Block)
-	bytesBlock := len(blob)
-
-	bytesHeaders := 0
-	for _, header := range w.Headers {
-		blob, _ = rlp.EncodeToBytes(header)
-		bytesHeaders += len(blob)
-	}
-	bytesCodes := 0
-	for code := range w.Codes {
-		bytesCodes += len(code)
-	}
-	bytesState := 0
-	for node := range w.State {
-		bytesState += len(node)
-	}
-	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
-
-	fmt.Fprintf(buf, "Witness #%d: %v\n", w.Block.Number(), common.StorageSize(bytesTotal))
-	fmt.Fprintf(buf, "     block (%4d txs):  %10v\n", len(w.Block.Transactions()), common.StorageSize(bytesBlock))
-	fmt.Fprintf(buf, "%4d headers:      %10v\n", len(w.Headers), common.StorageSize(bytesHeaders))
-	fmt.Fprintf(buf, "%4d trie nodes:   %10v\n", len(w.State), common.StorageSize(bytesState))
-	fmt.Fprintf(buf, "%4d codes:        %10v\n", len(w.Codes), common.StorageSize(bytesCodes))
-
-	return buf.String()
 }
 
 // Root returns the pre-state root from the first header.

core/tracing/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -2,6 +2,24 @@
 
 All notable changes to the tracing interface will be documented in this file.
 
+## [Unreleased]
+
+### Modified types
+
+- `GasChangeReason` has been extended with the following reasons which will be enabled only post-Verkle. There shouldn't be any gas changes with those reasons prior to the fork.
+  - `GasChangeWitnessContractCollisionCheck` flags the event of adding to the witness when checking for contract address collision.
+
+## [v1.14.4]
+
+This release contained only minor extensions to the tracing interface.
+
+### Modified types
+
+- `GasChangeReason` has been extended with the following reasons that will only be active post-Verkle.
+  - `GasChangeWitnessContractInit` flags the event of adding to the witness during the contract creation initialization step.
+  - `GasChangeWitnessContractCreation` flags the event of adding to the witness during the contract creation finalization step.
+  - `GasChangeWitnessCodeChunk` flags the event of adding one or more contract code chunks to the witness.
+
 ## [v1.14.3]
 
 There have been minor backwards-compatible changes to the tracing interface to explicitly mark the execution of **system** contracts. As of now the only system call updates the parent beacon block root as per [EIP-4788](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4788). Other system calls are being considered for the future hardfork.
@@ -75,6 +93,7 @@ The hooks `CaptureStart` and `CaptureEnd` have been removed. These hooks signale
 - `CaptureState` -> `OnOpcode(pc uint64, op byte, gas, cost uint64, scope tracing.OpContext, rData []byte, depth int, err error)`. `op` is of type `byte` which can be cast to `vm.OpCode` when necessary. A `*vm.ScopeContext` is not passed anymore. It is replaced by `tracing.OpContext` which offers access to the memory, stack and current contract.
 - `CaptureFault` -> `OnFault(pc uint64, op byte, gas, cost uint64, scope tracing.OpContext, depth int, err error)`. Similar to above.
 
-[unreleased]: https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/compare/v1.14.0...master
+[unreleased]: https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/compare/v1.14.8...master
 [v1.14.0]: https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/releases/tag/v1.14.0
 [v1.14.3]: https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/releases/tag/v1.14.3
+[v1.14.4]: https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/releases/tag/v1.14.4