Commit graph

2939 commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Marius van der Wijden
df0bd8960c
core/txpool/blobpool: migrate billy to new slot size (#31966)
Implements a migration path for the blobpool slotter

---------

Co-authored-by: lightclient <lightclient@protonmail.com>
Co-authored-by: lightclient <14004106+lightclient@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Gary Rong <garyrong0905@gmail.com>
2025-09-15 21:34:57 +08:00
Csaba Kiraly
4824942b97
core/txpool/blobpool: filter blob txs with sidecar version (#32577)
As a consequence of moving blob sidecar version migration code around,
we ended up building blocks with a mix of v0 and v1 blob transactions 
(different proof encoding in the sidecar).

This PR makes sure we are not building illegal blocks after Osaka. Blob 
migration is left for another PR.

Related issues and PRs:
- https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pull/31791
- https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pull/32347
- https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pull/31966
- https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/issues/32235

---------

Signed-off-by: Csaba Kiraly <csaba.kiraly@gmail.com>
2025-09-15 20:48:59 +08:00
Galoretka
ec99444804
core/overlay: copy BaseRoot in TransitionState.Copy (#32613)
This change ensures TransitionState.Copy preserves BaseRoot. During a
Verkle transition, ts.BaseRoot is required to construct the overlay MPT
when ts.InTransition() is true. Previously, copies dropped BaseRoot,
risking an invalid zero-hash base trie and inconsistent behavior.
2025-09-15 15:26:16 +08:00
radik878
c2fcc27132
core/rawdb: fix misleading comment in HasTrieNode (#32599)
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2025-09-15 10:45:50 +08:00
hero5512
a3062390f7
core/filtermaps: use slices.Sort to remove duplicated elements (#32602) 2025-09-15 10:42:14 +08:00
Antonio Viggiano
41f580f209
core/vm: fix typo in CLZ doc (#32604)
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Fixes typo in CLZ doc.
2025-09-12 11:06:57 -06:00
Zach Brown
b708feb9c3
core/vm: fix comment and remove unused divisor in osakaModexpGas (#32553)
The `divisor` const is not needed in the gas cost calculation in `osakaModexpGas`.
2025-09-10 21:44:18 +08:00
Marius van der Wijden
dd7fe1be4b
core/vm: fix modexp gas calculation (#32568)
fixes a bug in the gas calculation found by oss-fuzz
2025-09-10 21:37:49 +08:00
Marius van der Wijden
d68528cadb
core/txpool: add sanity overflow check (#32544)
Adds a sanity check in the transaction pool

Co-authored-by @rjl493456442
2025-09-10 21:33:15 +08:00
maskpp
5cc443609f
core/txpool/blobpool: disallow legacy sidecar after osaka (#32534)
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This PR removes the conversion of legacy sidecars after Osaka and instead rejects them to the pool.

---------

Co-authored-by: lightclient <lightclient@protonmail.com>
2025-09-09 21:15:47 -06:00
VolodymyrBg
5035064421
core/rawdb: improve the test suite for ancient store (#32555)
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2025-09-09 15:19:50 +08:00
Marius van der Wijden
b381804eb1
core/vm: switch modexp gas computation to uint64 (#32527)
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supersedes https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pull/32508/files
and builts on top of https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pull/32184

looks like a ~60% decrease in allocations / op and ~20% speed increase
(very variable, between 2-200%)

```
goos: linux
goarch: amd64
pkg: github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm
cpu: Intel(R) Core(TM) Ultra 7 155U
                                                             │ /tmp/old.txt  │             /tmp/new.txt             │
                                                             │    sec/op     │    sec/op     vs base                │
PrecompiledModExp/eip_example1-Gas=13056-14                     23.70µ ±  3%   22.31µ ±  6%   -5.89% (p=0.004 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/eip_example2-Gas=13056-14                     566.2n ± 12%   267.0n ±  3%  -52.85% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-1-square-Gas=204-14                 1285.5n ±  3%   995.8n ±  3%  -22.54% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-1-qube-Gas=204-14                    1.757µ ± 30%   1.410µ ± 16%  -19.75% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-1-pow0x10001-Gas=3276-14             8.897µ ± 14%   6.664µ ±  2%  -25.10% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-2-square-Gas=665-14                  2.107µ ±  8%   1.470µ ± 11%  -30.24% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-2-qube-Gas=665-14                    3.142µ ±  3%   2.289µ ±  7%  -27.16% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-2-pow0x10001-Gas=10649-14            14.76µ ±  3%   13.59µ ±  4%   -7.94% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-3-square-Gas=1894-14                 3.984µ ±  3%   3.211µ ±  3%  -19.42% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-3-qube-Gas=1894-14                   7.572µ ± 12%   6.153µ ±  3%  -18.74% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-3-pow0x10001-Gas=30310-14            39.07µ ±  7%   37.76µ ±  5%        ~ (p=0.123 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-4-square-Gas=5580-14                 9.613µ ±  2%   9.221µ ±  2%   -4.08% (p=0.003 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-4-qube-Gas=5580-14                   21.66µ ±  5%   21.48µ ± 17%        ~ (p=0.971 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-4-pow0x10001-Gas=89292-14            120.7µ ±  8%   116.0µ ±  3%   -3.93% (p=0.043 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-5-square-Gas=17868-14                23.93µ ±  3%   24.82µ ±  3%   +3.73% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-5-qube-Gas=17868-14                  54.98µ ±  1%   58.08µ ±  4%   +5.64% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-5-pow0x10001-Gas=285900-14           340.3µ ±  2%   341.2µ ±  3%        ~ (p=0.529 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/eip_example1-Gas=1360-14               21.99µ ±  3%   21.24µ ±  2%   -3.43% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/eip_example2-Gas=1360-14               568.1n ± 12%   221.1n ±  2%  -61.07% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-1-square-Gas=200-14          1272.0n ±  2%   822.3n ± 13%  -35.35% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-1-qube-Gas=200-14             1.633µ ±  3%   1.397µ ± 21%  -14.45% (p=0.023 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-1-pow0x10001-Gas=341-14       7.276µ ±  3%   6.703µ ±  5%   -7.88% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-2-square-Gas=200-14           1.959µ ±  3%   1.618µ ±  2%  -17.43% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-2-qube-Gas=200-14             2.959µ ±  6%   2.611µ ±  5%  -11.78% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-2-pow0x10001-Gas=1365-14      14.99µ ±  5%   13.76µ ±  4%   -8.17% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-3-square-Gas=341-14           3.870µ ±  4%   3.521µ ±  2%   -9.04% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-3-qube-Gas=341-14             6.871µ ±  3%   6.454µ ±  3%   -6.07% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-3-pow0x10001-Gas=5461-14      40.18µ ±  7%   35.55µ ±  3%  -11.52% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-4-square-Gas=1365-14          9.694µ ±  3%   8.427µ ±  3%  -13.08% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-4-qube-Gas=1365-14            21.45µ ±  2%   19.48µ ±  7%   -9.18% (p=0.001 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-4-pow0x10001-Gas=21845-14     118.1µ ±  2%   113.7µ ±  2%   -3.76% (p=0.003 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-5-square-Gas=5461-14          25.80µ ±  5%   24.05µ ±  3%   -6.76% (p=0.001 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-5-qube-Gas=5461-14            57.28µ ±  8%   55.76µ ±  6%        ~ (p=0.796 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-5-pow0x10001-Gas=87381-14     335.2µ ±  2%   346.2µ ±  3%   +3.28% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marius-1-even-Gas=2057-14              56.24µ ±  3%   55.53µ ±  1%        ~ (p=0.280 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/guido-1-even-Gas=2298-14               38.74µ ±  3%   38.63µ ±  6%        ~ (p=0.631 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/guido-2-even-Gas=2300-14               61.94µ ±  2%   61.38µ ± 11%        ~ (p=0.529 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/guido-3-even-Gas=5400-14               20.27µ ±  2%   20.19µ ±  5%        ~ (p=0.853 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/guido-4-even-Gas=1026-14               805.8n ±  3%   359.1n ±  2%  -55.44% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-1-base-heavy-Gas=200-14         4.717µ ±  5%   3.925µ ±  5%  -16.79% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-1-exp-heavy-Gas=215-14          15.51µ ±  3%   14.77µ ±  2%   -4.76% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-1-balanced-Gas=200-14           10.42µ ±  2%   10.01µ ±  5%   -3.94% (p=0.011 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-2-base-heavy-Gas=867-14         15.99µ ±  4%   15.65µ ±  4%        ~ (p=0.190 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-2-exp-heavy-Gas=852-14          24.45µ ±  2%   23.36µ ±  3%   -4.47% (p=0.002 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-2-balanced-Gas=996-14           34.59µ ± 29%   32.90µ ±  1%   -4.90% (p=0.001 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-3-base-heavy-Gas=677-14         12.45µ ±  2%   12.00µ ± 16%        ~ (p=0.105 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-3-exp-heavy-Gas=765-14          16.21µ ±  3%   15.58µ ±  6%        ~ (p=0.063 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-3-balanced-Gas=1360-14          23.03µ ±  3%   21.34µ ±  2%   -7.35% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-8-exp-648-Gas=215-14               17.44µ ±  3%   16.03µ ±  1%   -8.07% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-8-exp-896-Gas=298-14               21.00µ ±  5%   19.52µ ±  2%   -7.04% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-32-exp-32-Gas=200-14               9.549µ ±  2%   9.322µ ±  2%   -2.38% (p=0.005 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-32-exp-36-Gas=200-14               10.74µ ±  1%   10.31µ ±  2%   -4.06% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-32-exp-40-Gas=208-14               11.95µ ±  2%   11.43µ ±  2%   -4.33% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-32-exp-64-Gas=336-14               18.77µ ±  3%   18.10µ ±  2%   -3.54% (p=0.002 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-32-exp-65-Gas=341-14               13.58µ ±  1%   13.47µ ±  1%        ~ (p=0.280 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-32-exp-128-Gas=677-14              13.61µ ±  3%   13.36µ ±  1%   -1.83% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-256-exp-2-Gas=341-14               6.984µ ±  2%   6.053µ ±  3%  -13.33% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-264-exp-2-Gas=363-14               7.126µ ±  5%   6.344µ ±  7%  -10.97% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-1024-exp-2-Gas=5461-14             52.41µ ± 22%   49.85µ ±  4%        ~ (p=0.089 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/pawel-1-exp-heavy-Gas=298-14           20.93µ ± 32%   20.15µ ±  2%   -3.69% (p=0.001 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/pawel-2-exp-heavy-Gas=425-14           19.32µ ± 17%   14.46µ ±  4%  -25.16% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/pawel-3-exp-heavy-Gas=501-14           20.22µ ± 15%   14.30µ ±  3%  -29.27% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/pawel-4-exp-heavy-Gas=506-14           14.33µ ±  3%   13.93µ ±  2%   -2.80% (p=0.001 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod_vul_pawel_3_exp_8-Gas=200-14       24.30µ ± 16%   16.94µ ± 18%  -30.30% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-1-square-Gas=500-14          1477.5n ±  5%   872.8n ±  9%  -40.93% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-1-qube-Gas=500-14             2.099µ ±  8%   1.131µ ±  2%  -46.13% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-1-pow0x10001-Gas=2048-14      8.920µ ±  4%   6.356µ ±  2%  -28.74% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-2-square-Gas=512-14           2.227µ ±  4%   1.396µ ±  2%  -37.34% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-2-qube-Gas=512-14             3.507µ ±  8%   2.421µ ± 13%  -30.97% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-2-pow0x10001-Gas=8192-14      17.53µ ±  4%   14.17µ ±  5%  -19.20% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-3-square-Gas=2048-14          4.801µ ± 12%   3.498µ ±  3%  -27.15% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-3-qube-Gas=2048-14            8.284µ ±  4%   6.536µ ±  2%  -21.10% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-3-pow0x10001-Gas=32768-14     44.82µ ±  6%   37.01µ ± 24%  -17.43% (p=0.007 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-4-square-Gas=8192-14         11.742µ ±  4%   9.000µ ±  4%  -23.35% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-4-qube-Gas=8192-14            27.49µ ± 10%   21.34µ ±  5%  -22.35% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-4-pow0x10001-Gas=131072-14    141.4µ ± 11%   113.4µ ±  3%  -19.80% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-5-square-Gas=32768-14         31.46µ ±  5%   23.53µ ±  1%  -25.21% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-5-qube-Gas=32768-14           78.12µ ± 20%   53.74µ ±  4%  -31.20% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-5-pow0x10001-Gas=524288-14    446.3µ ±  6%   338.5µ ±  2%  -24.15% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marius-1-even-Gas=45296-14             71.25µ ±  4%   55.33µ ±  1%  -22.34% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/guido-1-even-Gas=51136-14              51.06µ ± 14%   38.19µ ±  3%  -25.20% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/guido-2-even-Gas=51152-14              86.12µ ± 20%   60.65µ ±  2%  -29.57% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/guido-3-even-Gas=32400-14              27.53µ ± 32%   20.37µ ±  2%  -26.02% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/guido-4-even-Gas=94448-14              950.4n ±  5%   354.8n ± 28%  -62.67% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-1-base-heavy-Gas=1152-14        5.619µ ±  7%   4.440µ ±  5%  -20.98% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-1-exp-heavy-Gas=16624-14        19.03µ ± 19%   15.67µ ± 22%  -17.63% (p=0.003 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-1-balanced-Gas=1200-14          13.83µ ± 19%   10.91µ ± 10%  -21.16% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-2-base-heavy-Gas=5202-14        23.69µ ±  9%   17.79µ ± 13%  -24.91% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-2-exp-heavy-Gas=16368-14        38.86µ ± 12%   25.69µ ± 14%  -33.89% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-2-balanced-Gas=5978-14          51.47µ ± 28%   33.67µ ± 15%  -34.58% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-3-base-heavy-Gas=2032-14        16.69µ ± 17%   12.08µ ±  2%  -27.60% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-3-exp-heavy-Gas=4080-14         19.75µ ±  5%   16.13µ ± 11%  -18.36% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-3-balanced-Gas=4080-14          28.66µ ±  9%   22.47µ ±  4%  -21.59% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-8-exp-648-Gas=16624-14             20.78µ ± 14%   16.38µ ±  2%  -21.17% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-8-exp-896-Gas=24560-14             24.35µ ± 10%   19.62µ ±  1%  -19.43% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-32-exp-32-Gas=500-14              10.312µ ±  4%   9.293µ ±  3%   -9.88% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-32-exp-36-Gas=560-14               11.69µ ± 18%   10.37µ ±  3%  -11.27% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-32-exp-40-Gas=624-14               14.17µ ± 24%   11.60µ ±  6%  -18.13% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-32-exp-64-Gas=1008-14              22.03µ ±  8%   18.22µ ±  2%  -17.28% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-32-exp-65-Gas=1024-14              16.48µ ± 11%   13.34µ ±  1%  -19.04% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-32-exp-128-Gas=2032-14             17.03µ ±  9%   13.44µ ±  1%  -21.03% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-256-exp-2-Gas=2048-14              8.123µ ± 14%   5.962µ ±  3%  -26.61% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-264-exp-2-Gas=2178-14              8.155µ ± 28%   6.799µ ±  4%  -16.64% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-1024-exp-2-Gas=32768-14            62.32µ ±  4%   49.82µ ±  1%  -20.06% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/pawel-1-exp-heavy-Gas=24560-14         26.90µ ±  7%   20.30µ ±  2%  -24.55% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/pawel-2-exp-heavy-Gas=6128-14          17.67µ ±  2%   15.61µ ± 11%  -11.66% (p=0.001 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/pawel-3-exp-heavy-Gas=2672-14          17.50µ ±  3%   14.88µ ±  8%  -14.98% (p=0.002 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/pawel-4-exp-heavy-Gas=1520-14          17.32µ ±  2%   14.14µ ±  5%  -18.39% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod_vul_pawel_3_exp_8-Gas=1008-14      21.68µ ± 24%   17.07µ ±  3%  -21.25% (p=0.000 n=10)
geomean                                                         14.64µ         12.02µ        -17.89%

                                                             │ /tmp/old.txt │             /tmp/new.txt             │
                                                             │    gas/op    │   gas/op     vs base                 │
PrecompiledModExp/eip_example1-Gas=13056-14                     13.06k ± 0%   13.06k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExp/eip_example2-Gas=13056-14                     13.06k ± 0%   13.06k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-1-square-Gas=204-14                   204.0 ± 0%    204.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-1-qube-Gas=204-14                     204.0 ± 0%    204.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-1-pow0x10001-Gas=3276-14             3.276k ± 0%   3.276k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-2-square-Gas=665-14                   665.0 ± 0%    665.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-2-qube-Gas=665-14                     665.0 ± 0%    665.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-2-pow0x10001-Gas=10649-14            10.65k ± 0%   10.65k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-3-square-Gas=1894-14                 1.894k ± 0%   1.894k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-3-qube-Gas=1894-14                   1.894k ± 0%   1.894k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-3-pow0x10001-Gas=30310-14            30.31k ± 0%   30.31k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-4-square-Gas=5580-14                 5.580k ± 0%   5.580k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-4-qube-Gas=5580-14                   5.580k ± 0%   5.580k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-4-pow0x10001-Gas=89292-14            89.29k ± 0%   89.29k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-5-square-Gas=17868-14                17.87k ± 0%   17.87k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-5-qube-Gas=17868-14                  17.87k ± 0%   17.87k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-5-pow0x10001-Gas=285900-14           285.9k ± 0%   285.9k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/eip_example1-Gas=1360-14               1.360k ± 0%   1.360k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/eip_example2-Gas=1360-14               1.360k ± 0%   1.360k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-1-square-Gas=200-14            200.0 ± 0%    200.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-1-qube-Gas=200-14              200.0 ± 0%    200.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-1-pow0x10001-Gas=341-14        341.0 ± 0%    341.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-2-square-Gas=200-14            200.0 ± 0%    200.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-2-qube-Gas=200-14              200.0 ± 0%    200.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-2-pow0x10001-Gas=1365-14      1.365k ± 0%   1.365k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-3-square-Gas=341-14            341.0 ± 0%    341.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-3-qube-Gas=341-14              341.0 ± 0%    341.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-3-pow0x10001-Gas=5461-14      5.461k ± 0%   5.461k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-4-square-Gas=1365-14          1.365k ± 0%   1.365k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-4-qube-Gas=1365-14            1.365k ± 0%   1.365k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-4-pow0x10001-Gas=21845-14     21.84k ± 0%   21.84k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-5-square-Gas=5461-14          5.461k ± 0%   5.461k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-5-qube-Gas=5461-14            5.461k ± 0%   5.461k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-5-pow0x10001-Gas=87381-14     87.38k ± 0%   87.38k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marius-1-even-Gas=2057-14              2.057k ± 0%   2.057k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/guido-1-even-Gas=2298-14               2.298k ± 0%   2.298k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/guido-2-even-Gas=2300-14               2.300k ± 0%   2.300k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/guido-3-even-Gas=5400-14               5.400k ± 0%   5.400k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/guido-4-even-Gas=1026-14               1.026k ± 0%   1.026k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-1-base-heavy-Gas=200-14          200.0 ± 0%    200.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-1-exp-heavy-Gas=215-14           215.0 ± 0%    215.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-1-balanced-Gas=200-14            200.0 ± 0%    200.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-2-base-heavy-Gas=867-14          867.0 ± 0%    867.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-2-exp-heavy-Gas=852-14           852.0 ± 0%    852.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-2-balanced-Gas=996-14            996.0 ± 0%    996.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-3-base-heavy-Gas=677-14          677.0 ± 0%    677.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-3-exp-heavy-Gas=765-14           765.0 ± 0%    765.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-3-balanced-Gas=1360-14          1.360k ± 0%   1.360k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-8-exp-648-Gas=215-14                215.0 ± 0%    215.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-8-exp-896-Gas=298-14                298.0 ± 0%    298.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-32-exp-32-Gas=200-14                200.0 ± 0%    200.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-32-exp-36-Gas=200-14                200.0 ± 0%    200.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-32-exp-40-Gas=208-14                208.0 ± 0%    208.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-32-exp-64-Gas=336-14                336.0 ± 0%    336.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-32-exp-65-Gas=341-14                341.0 ± 0%    341.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-32-exp-128-Gas=677-14               677.0 ± 0%    677.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-256-exp-2-Gas=341-14                341.0 ± 0%    341.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-264-exp-2-Gas=363-14                363.0 ± 0%    363.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-1024-exp-2-Gas=5461-14             5.461k ± 0%   5.461k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/pawel-1-exp-heavy-Gas=298-14            298.0 ± 0%    298.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/pawel-2-exp-heavy-Gas=425-14            425.0 ± 0%    425.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/pawel-3-exp-heavy-Gas=501-14            501.0 ± 0%    501.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/pawel-4-exp-heavy-Gas=506-14            506.0 ± 0%    506.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod_vul_pawel_3_exp_8-Gas=200-14        200.0 ± 0%    200.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-1-square-Gas=500-14            500.0 ± 0%    500.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-1-qube-Gas=500-14              500.0 ± 0%    500.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-1-pow0x10001-Gas=2048-14      2.048k ± 0%   2.048k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-2-square-Gas=512-14            512.0 ± 0%    512.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-2-qube-Gas=512-14              512.0 ± 0%    512.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-2-pow0x10001-Gas=8192-14      8.192k ± 0%   8.192k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-3-square-Gas=2048-14          2.048k ± 0%   2.048k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-3-qube-Gas=2048-14            2.048k ± 0%   2.048k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-3-pow0x10001-Gas=32768-14     32.77k ± 0%   32.77k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-4-square-Gas=8192-14          8.192k ± 0%   8.192k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-4-qube-Gas=8192-14            8.192k ± 0%   8.192k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-4-pow0x10001-Gas=131072-14    131.1k ± 0%   131.1k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-5-square-Gas=32768-14         32.77k ± 0%   32.77k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-5-qube-Gas=32768-14           32.77k ± 0%   32.77k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-5-pow0x10001-Gas=524288-14    524.3k ± 0%   524.3k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marius-1-even-Gas=45296-14             45.30k ± 0%   45.30k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/guido-1-even-Gas=51136-14              51.14k ± 0%   51.14k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/guido-2-even-Gas=51152-14              51.15k ± 0%   51.15k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/guido-3-even-Gas=32400-14              32.40k ± 0%   32.40k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/guido-4-even-Gas=94448-14              94.45k ± 0%   94.45k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-1-base-heavy-Gas=1152-14        1.152k ± 0%   1.152k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-1-exp-heavy-Gas=16624-14        16.62k ± 0%   16.62k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-1-balanced-Gas=1200-14          1.200k ± 0%   1.200k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-2-base-heavy-Gas=5202-14        5.202k ± 0%   5.202k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-2-exp-heavy-Gas=16368-14        16.37k ± 0%   16.37k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-2-balanced-Gas=5978-14          5.978k ± 0%   5.978k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-3-base-heavy-Gas=2032-14        2.032k ± 0%   2.032k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-3-exp-heavy-Gas=4080-14         4.080k ± 0%   4.080k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-3-balanced-Gas=4080-14          4.080k ± 0%   4.080k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-8-exp-648-Gas=16624-14             16.62k ± 0%   16.62k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-8-exp-896-Gas=24560-14             24.56k ± 0%   24.56k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-32-exp-32-Gas=500-14                500.0 ± 0%    500.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-32-exp-36-Gas=560-14                560.0 ± 0%    560.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-32-exp-40-Gas=624-14                624.0 ± 0%    624.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-32-exp-64-Gas=1008-14              1.008k ± 0%   1.008k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-32-exp-65-Gas=1024-14              1.024k ± 0%   1.024k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-32-exp-128-Gas=2032-14             2.032k ± 0%   2.032k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-256-exp-2-Gas=2048-14              2.048k ± 0%   2.048k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-264-exp-2-Gas=2178-14              2.178k ± 0%   2.178k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-1024-exp-2-Gas=32768-14            32.77k ± 0%   32.77k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/pawel-1-exp-heavy-Gas=24560-14         24.56k ± 0%   24.56k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/pawel-2-exp-heavy-Gas=6128-14          6.128k ± 0%   6.128k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/pawel-3-exp-heavy-Gas=2672-14          2.672k ± 0%   2.672k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/pawel-4-exp-heavy-Gas=1520-14          1.520k ± 0%   1.520k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod_vul_pawel_3_exp_8-Gas=1008-14      1.008k ± 0%   1.008k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
geomean                                                         2.342k        2.342k       +0.00%
¹ all samples are equal

                                                             │ /tmp/old.txt │              /tmp/new.txt              │
                                                             │    mgas/s    │    mgas/s      vs base                 │
PrecompiledModExp/eip_example1-Gas=13056-14                     550.8 ±  4%     585.3 ±  5%    +6.26% (p=0.004 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/eip_example2-Gas=13056-14                    23.06k ± 11%    48.91k ±  3%  +112.09% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-1-square-Gas=204-14                  158.7 ±  3%     204.8 ±  3%   +29.08% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-1-qube-Gas=204-14                    116.3 ± 23%     144.6 ± 14%   +24.33% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-1-pow0x10001-Gas=3276-14             368.3 ± 16%     491.5 ±  2%   +33.45% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-2-square-Gas=665-14                  315.7 ±  7%     452.9 ± 10%   +43.47% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-2-qube-Gas=665-14                    211.6 ±  3%     290.6 ±  7%   +37.28% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-2-pow0x10001-Gas=10649-14            721.6 ±  3%     783.8 ±  4%    +8.62% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-3-square-Gas=1894-14                 475.4 ±  3%     590.0 ±  3%   +24.10% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-3-qube-Gas=1894-14                   250.1 ± 11%     307.8 ±  3%   +23.05% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-3-pow0x10001-Gas=30310-14            776.1 ±  6%     802.7 ±  5%         ~ (p=0.123 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-4-square-Gas=5580-14                 580.5 ±  2%     605.1 ±  2%    +4.25% (p=0.003 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-4-qube-Gas=5580-14                   257.6 ±  5%     259.8 ± 15%         ~ (p=0.971 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-4-pow0x10001-Gas=89292-14            739.7 ±  9%     770.0 ±  3%    +4.09% (p=0.043 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-5-square-Gas=17868-14                746.6 ±  3%     719.8 ±  3%    -3.60% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-5-qube-Gas=17868-14                  325.0 ±  1%     307.6 ±  4%    -5.35% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-5-pow0x10001-Gas=285900-14           840.1 ±  2%     838.0 ±  3%         ~ (p=0.529 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/eip_example1-Gas=1360-14               61.84 ±  3%     64.03 ±  2%    +3.56% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/eip_example2-Gas=1360-14              2.394k ± 11%    6.150k ±  2%  +156.89% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-1-square-Gas=200-14           157.2 ±  2%     243.2 ± 11%   +54.66% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-1-qube-Gas=200-14             122.4 ±  3%     143.2 ± 17%   +16.90% (p=0.023 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-1-pow0x10001-Gas=341-14       46.86 ±  3%     50.87 ±  4%    +8.55% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-2-square-Gas=200-14           102.1 ±  3%     123.7 ±  2%   +21.17% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-2-qube-Gas=200-14             67.59 ±  5%     76.60 ±  5%   +13.34% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-2-pow0x10001-Gas=1365-14      91.06 ±  5%     99.16 ±  4%    +8.90% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-3-square-Gas=341-14           88.09 ±  4%     96.86 ±  2%    +9.96% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-3-qube-Gas=341-14             49.62 ±  3%     52.84 ±  3%    +6.48% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-3-pow0x10001-Gas=5461-14      136.0 ±  6%     153.6 ±  3%   +12.94% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-4-square-Gas=1365-14          140.8 ±  3%     161.9 ±  3%   +15.02% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-4-qube-Gas=1365-14            63.62 ±  2%     70.05 ±  6%   +10.12% (p=0.001 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-4-pow0x10001-Gas=21845-14     184.9 ±  2%     192.2 ±  2%    +3.92% (p=0.003 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-5-square-Gas=5461-14          211.7 ±  5%     227.0 ±  3%    +7.25% (p=0.001 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-5-qube-Gas=5461-14            95.34 ±  9%     97.93 ±  6%         ~ (p=0.796 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-5-pow0x10001-Gas=87381-14     260.7 ±  2%     252.4 ±  3%    -3.18% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marius-1-even-Gas=2057-14              36.57 ±  3%     37.03 ±  1%         ~ (p=0.280 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/guido-1-even-Gas=2298-14               59.31 ±  3%     59.48 ±  5%         ~ (p=0.631 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/guido-2-even-Gas=2300-14               37.13 ±  2%     37.47 ± 10%         ~ (p=0.529 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/guido-3-even-Gas=5400-14               266.4 ±  2%     267.5 ±  5%         ~ (p=0.838 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/guido-4-even-Gas=1026-14              1.274k ±  3%    2.857k ±  3%  +124.34% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-1-base-heavy-Gas=200-14         42.39 ±  5%     50.95 ±  5%   +20.18% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-1-exp-heavy-Gas=215-14          13.86 ±  3%     14.55 ±  2%    +5.02% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-1-balanced-Gas=200-14           19.19 ±  2%     19.98 ±  5%    +4.09% (p=0.011 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-2-base-heavy-Gas=867-14         54.23 ±  4%     55.39 ±  4%         ~ (p=0.197 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-2-exp-heavy-Gas=852-14          34.84 ±  2%     36.47 ±  2%    +4.68% (p=0.002 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-2-balanced-Gas=996-14           28.79 ± 23%     30.27 ±  1%    +5.16% (p=0.001 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-3-base-heavy-Gas=677-14         54.37 ±  2%     56.42 ± 14%         ~ (p=0.093 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-3-exp-heavy-Gas=765-14          47.19 ±  3%     49.11 ±  6%         ~ (p=0.063 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-3-balanced-Gas=1360-14          59.05 ±  3%     63.73 ±  2%    +7.94% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-8-exp-648-Gas=215-14               12.32 ±  3%     13.41 ±  1%    +8.81% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-8-exp-896-Gas=298-14               14.19 ±  5%     15.26 ±  2%    +7.58% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-32-exp-32-Gas=200-14               20.94 ±  2%     21.45 ±  2%    +2.41% (p=0.005 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-32-exp-36-Gas=200-14               18.61 ±  1%     19.40 ±  2%    +4.25% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-32-exp-40-Gas=208-14               17.40 ±  2%     18.19 ±  2%    +4.54% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-32-exp-64-Gas=336-14               17.90 ±  3%     18.55 ±  2%    +3.66% (p=0.002 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-32-exp-65-Gas=341-14               25.10 ±  1%     25.30 ±  1%         ~ (p=0.306 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-32-exp-128-Gas=677-14              49.74 ±  3%     50.66 ±  1%    +1.86% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-256-exp-2-Gas=341-14               48.82 ±  2%     56.33 ±  3%   +15.38% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-264-exp-2-Gas=363-14               50.94 ±  5%     57.22 ±  6%   +12.33% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-1024-exp-2-Gas=5461-14             104.2 ± 18%     109.5 ±  4%         ~ (p=0.085 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/pawel-1-exp-heavy-Gas=298-14           14.23 ± 24%     14.78 ±  2%    +3.83% (p=0.001 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/pawel-2-exp-heavy-Gas=425-14           22.01 ± 20%     29.39 ±  4%   +33.55% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/pawel-3-exp-heavy-Gas=501-14           24.78 ± 17%     35.03 ±  3%   +41.38% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/pawel-4-exp-heavy-Gas=506-14           35.30 ±  3%     36.31 ±  2%    +2.88% (p=0.001 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod_vul_pawel_3_exp_8-Gas=200-14       8.250 ± 14%    11.805 ± 15%   +43.09% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-1-square-Gas=500-14           338.4 ±  5%     574.2 ±  9%   +69.72% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-1-qube-Gas=500-14             238.3 ±  7%     442.1 ±  2%   +85.54% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-1-pow0x10001-Gas=2048-14      229.6 ±  4%     322.2 ±  2%   +40.32% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-2-square-Gas=512-14           229.9 ±  4%     366.8 ±  2%   +59.55% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-2-qube-Gas=512-14             146.1 ±  7%     211.8 ± 11%   +44.98% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-2-pow0x10001-Gas=8192-14      467.2 ±  4%     578.3 ±  5%   +23.77% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-3-square-Gas=2048-14          426.6 ± 11%     585.5 ±  3%   +37.26% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-3-qube-Gas=2048-14            247.2 ±  4%     313.4 ±  2%   +26.76% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-3-pow0x10001-Gas=32768-14     731.1 ±  5%     885.5 ± 19%   +21.11% (p=0.007 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-4-square-Gas=8192-14          697.7 ±  4%     910.3 ±  4%   +30.47% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-4-qube-Gas=8192-14            298.0 ±  9%     383.8 ±  5%   +28.75% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-4-pow0x10001-Gas=131072-14    926.6 ± 10%    1155.5 ±  3%   +24.70% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-5-square-Gas=32768-14        1.042k ±  5%    1.393k ±  1%   +33.64% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-5-qube-Gas=32768-14           419.5 ± 16%     609.7 ±  4%   +45.33% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-5-pow0x10001-Gas=524288-14   1.175k ±  5%    1.549k ±  2%   +31.89% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marius-1-even-Gas=45296-14             635.8 ±  4%     818.6 ±  1%   +28.76% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/guido-1-even-Gas=51136-14             1.002k ± 13%    1.339k ±  3%   +33.66% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/guido-2-even-Gas=51152-14              594.0 ± 17%     843.3 ±  2%   +41.97% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/guido-3-even-Gas=32400-14             1.177k ± 24%    1.591k ±  2%   +35.17% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/guido-4-even-Gas=94448-14             99.37k ±  5%   266.13k ± 22%  +167.81% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-1-base-heavy-Gas=1152-14        205.0 ±  7%     259.5 ±  5%   +26.56% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-1-exp-heavy-Gas=16624-14        873.8 ± 16%    1061.0 ± 18%   +21.43% (p=0.003 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-1-balanced-Gas=1200-14          86.77 ± 16%    110.00 ±  9%   +26.77% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-2-base-heavy-Gas=5202-14        219.6 ±  8%     293.5 ± 12%   +33.67% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-2-exp-heavy-Gas=16368-14        421.2 ± 14%     637.2 ± 13%   +51.28% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-2-balanced-Gas=5978-14          116.2 ± 22%     177.6 ± 13%   +52.86% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-3-base-heavy-Gas=2032-14        121.8 ± 14%     168.1 ±  2%   +38.11% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-3-exp-heavy-Gas=4080-14         206.6 ±  5%     253.0 ± 10%   +22.49% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-3-balanced-Gas=4080-14          142.4 ±  8%     181.6 ±  4%   +27.57% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-8-exp-648-Gas=16624-14             799.9 ± 12%    1014.5 ±  2%   +26.84% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-8-exp-896-Gas=24560-14            1.009k ±  9%    1.252k ±  1%   +24.05% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-32-exp-32-Gas=500-14               48.48 ±  4%     53.80 ±  3%   +10.96% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-32-exp-36-Gas=560-14               47.91 ± 15%     53.99 ±  3%   +12.70% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-32-exp-40-Gas=624-14               44.05 ± 19%     53.80 ±  6%   +22.12% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-32-exp-64-Gas=1008-14              45.75 ±  8%     55.31 ±  2%   +20.90% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-32-exp-65-Gas=1024-14              62.24 ± 12%     76.77 ±  1%   +23.34% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-32-exp-128-Gas=2032-14             119.3 ±  8%     151.1 ±  1%   +26.66% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-256-exp-2-Gas=2048-14              252.2 ± 12%     343.6 ±  3%   +36.25% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-264-exp-2-Gas=2178-14              267.1 ± 22%     320.4 ±  5%   +19.91% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-1024-exp-2-Gas=32768-14            525.9 ±  3%     657.7 ±  1%   +25.07% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/pawel-1-exp-heavy-Gas=24560-14         913.0 ±  7%    1210.0 ±  1%   +32.52% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/pawel-2-exp-heavy-Gas=6128-14          346.8 ±  2%     392.7 ± 10%   +13.24% (p=0.001 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/pawel-3-exp-heavy-Gas=2672-14          152.7 ±  3%     179.7 ±  8%   +17.65% (p=0.002 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/pawel-4-exp-heavy-Gas=1520-14          87.73 ±  2%    107.55 ±  4%   +22.59% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod_vul_pawel_3_exp_8-Gas=1008-14      46.50 ± 20%     59.03 ±  3%   +26.97% (p=0.000 n=10)
geomean                                                         159.9           194.8         +21.79%

                                                             │ /tmp/old.txt │             /tmp/new.txt             │
                                                             │     B/op     │     B/op      vs base                │
PrecompiledModExp/eip_example1-Gas=13056-14                    2.595Ki ± 0%   2.282Ki ± 0%  -12.04% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/eip_example2-Gas=13056-14                      672.0 ± 0%     352.0 ± 0%  -47.62% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-1-square-Gas=204-14                  1160.0 ± 0%     888.0 ± 0%  -23.45% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-1-qube-Gas=204-14                   1.414Ki ± 0%   1.148Ki ± 0%  -18.78% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-1-pow0x10001-Gas=3276-14            1.898Ki ± 0%   1.633Ki ± 0%  -13.99% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-2-square-Gas=665-14                 1.789Ki ± 0%   1.383Ki ± 0%  -22.71% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-2-qube-Gas=665-14                   2.321Ki ± 0%   1.915Ki ± 0%  -17.50% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-2-pow0x10001-Gas=10649-14           3.196Ki ± 0%   2.790Ki ± 0%  -12.71% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-3-square-Gas=1894-14                2.821Ki ± 0%   2.415Ki ± 0%  -14.40% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-3-qube-Gas=1894-14                  4.010Ki ± 0%   3.604Ki ± 0%  -10.13% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-3-pow0x10001-Gas=30310-14           5.698Ki ± 0%   5.292Ki ± 0%   -7.13% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-4-square-Gas=5580-14                5.042Ki ± 0%   4.636Ki ± 0%   -8.06% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-4-qube-Gas=5580-14                  11.93Ki ± 0%   11.52Ki ± 0%   -3.42% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-4-pow0x10001-Gas=89292-14           15.30Ki ± 0%   14.89Ki ± 0%   -2.66% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-5-square-Gas=17868-14               9.616Ki ± 0%   9.208Ki ± 0%   -4.24% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-5-qube-Gas=17868-14                 23.26Ki ± 0%   22.85Ki ± 0%   -1.77% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-5-pow0x10001-Gas=285900-14          31.90Ki ± 0%   31.49Ki ± 0%   -1.29% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/eip_example1-Gas=1360-14              2.595Ki ± 0%   2.282Ki ± 0%  -12.04% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/eip_example2-Gas=1360-14                672.0 ± 0%     352.0 ± 0%  -47.62% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-1-square-Gas=200-14           1160.0 ± 0%     888.0 ± 0%  -23.45% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-1-qube-Gas=200-14            1.414Ki ± 0%   1.148Ki ± 0%  -18.78% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-1-pow0x10001-Gas=341-14      1.898Ki ± 0%   1.633Ki ± 0%  -13.99% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-2-square-Gas=200-14          1.648Ki ± 0%   1.383Ki ± 0%  -16.11% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-2-qube-Gas=200-14            2.181Ki ± 0%   1.914Ki ± 0%  -12.23% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-2-pow0x10001-Gas=1365-14     3.056Ki ± 0%   2.790Ki ± 0%   -8.69% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-3-square-Gas=341-14          2.681Ki ± 0%   2.415Ki ± 0%   -9.91% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-3-qube-Gas=341-14            3.869Ki ± 0%   3.604Ki ± 0%   -6.87% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-3-pow0x10001-Gas=5461-14     5.558Ki ± 0%   5.292Ki ± 0%   -4.78% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-4-square-Gas=1365-14         4.901Ki ± 0%   4.636Ki ± 0%   -5.42% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-4-qube-Gas=1365-14           11.78Ki ± 0%   11.52Ki ± 0%   -2.25% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-4-pow0x10001-Gas=21845-14    15.16Ki ± 0%   14.89Ki ± 0%   -1.76% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-5-square-Gas=5461-14         9.475Ki ± 0%   9.209Ki ± 0%   -2.80% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-5-qube-Gas=5461-14           23.12Ki ± 0%   22.85Ki ± 0%   -1.15% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-5-pow0x10001-Gas=87381-14    31.75Ki ± 0%   31.49Ki ± 0%   -0.83% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marius-1-even-Gas=2057-14             2.501Ki ± 0%   2.134Ki ± 0%  -14.68% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/guido-1-even-Gas=2298-14              2.470Ki ± 0%   2.103Ki ± 0%  -14.87% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/guido-2-even-Gas=2300-14              2.587Ki ± 0%   2.228Ki ± 0%  -13.89% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/guido-3-even-Gas=5400-14              8.271Ki ± 0%   8.014Ki ± 0%   -3.12% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/guido-4-even-Gas=1026-14               1056.0 ± 0%     680.0 ± 0%  -35.61% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-1-base-heavy-Gas=200-14        2.954Ki ± 0%   2.696Ki ± 0%   -8.73% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-1-exp-heavy-Gas=215-14         1.641Ki ± 0%   1.273Ki ± 0%  -22.38% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-1-balanced-Gas=200-14          1.266Ki ± 0%   1.008Ki ± 0%  -20.37% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-2-base-heavy-Gas=867-14        9.555Ki ± 0%   9.296Ki ± 0%   -2.71% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-2-exp-heavy-Gas=852-14         2.047Ki ± 0%   1.688Ki ± 0%  -17.56% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-2-balanced-Gas=996-14          1.993Ki ± 0%   1.727Ki ± 0%  -13.38% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-3-base-heavy-Gas=677-14        2.587Ki ± 0%   2.282Ki ± 0%  -11.78% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-3-exp-heavy-Gas=765-14         2.313Ki ± 0%   2.000Ki ± 0%  -13.55% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-3-balanced-Gas=1360-14         2.610Ki ± 0%   2.298Ki ± 0%  -11.97% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-8-exp-648-Gas=215-14              1.860Ki ± 0%   1.492Ki ± 0%  -19.79% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-8-exp-896-Gas=298-14              1.876Ki ± 0%   1.508Ki ± 0%  -19.60% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-32-exp-32-Gas=200-14               1192.0 ± 0%     920.0 ± 0%  -22.82% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-32-exp-36-Gas=200-14              1.305Ki ± 0%   1.039Ki ± 0%  -20.36% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-32-exp-40-Gas=208-14               1184.0 ± 0%     920.0 ± 0%  -22.30% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-32-exp-64-Gas=336-14               1184.0 ± 0%     920.0 ± 0%  -22.30% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-32-exp-65-Gas=341-14              3.071Ki ± 0%   2.767Ki ± 0%   -9.92% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-32-exp-128-Gas=677-14             3.071Ki ± 0%   2.767Ki ± 0%   -9.92% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-256-exp-2-Gas=341-14              3.869Ki ± 0%   3.604Ki ± 0%   -6.87% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-264-exp-2-Gas=363-14              3.986Ki ± 0%   3.729Ki ± 0%   -6.47% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-1024-exp-2-Gas=5461-14            24.12Ki ± 0%   23.85Ki ± 0%   -1.10% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/pawel-1-exp-heavy-Gas=298-14          1.931Ki ± 0%   1.563Ki ± 0%  -19.02% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/pawel-2-exp-heavy-Gas=425-14          2.438Ki ± 0%   2.071Ki ± 0%  -15.06% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/pawel-3-exp-heavy-Gas=501-14          2.798Ki ± 0%   2.485Ki ± 0%  -11.17% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/pawel-4-exp-heavy-Gas=506-14          3.080Ki ± 0%   2.774Ki ± 0%   -9.92% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod_vul_pawel_3_exp_8-Gas=200-14       1064.0 ± 0%     800.0 ± 0%  -24.81% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-1-square-Gas=500-14           1152.0 ± 0%     888.0 ± 0%  -22.92% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-1-qube-Gas=500-14            1.406Ki ± 0%   1.148Ki ± 0%  -18.33% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-1-pow0x10001-Gas=2048-14     1.891Ki ± 0%   1.633Ki ± 0%  -13.64% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-2-square-Gas=512-14          1.641Ki ± 0%   1.383Ki ± 0%  -15.71% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-2-qube-Gas=512-14            2.173Ki ± 0%   1.915Ki ± 0%  -11.87% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-2-pow0x10001-Gas=8192-14     3.048Ki ± 0%   2.790Ki ± 0%   -8.46% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-3-square-Gas=2048-14         2.673Ki ± 0%   2.415Ki ± 0%   -9.65% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-3-qube-Gas=2048-14           3.861Ki ± 0%   3.604Ki ± 0%   -6.68% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-3-pow0x10001-Gas=32768-14    5.550Ki ± 0%   5.292Ki ± 0%   -4.65% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-4-square-Gas=8192-14         4.894Ki ± 0%   4.636Ki ± 0%   -5.27% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-4-qube-Gas=8192-14           11.78Ki ± 0%   11.52Ki ± 0%   -2.20% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-4-pow0x10001-Gas=131072-14   15.15Ki ± 0%   14.89Ki ± 0%   -1.71% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-5-square-Gas=32768-14        9.468Ki ± 0%   9.208Ki ± 0%   -2.74% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-5-qube-Gas=32768-14          23.11Ki ± 0%   22.85Ki ± 0%   -1.13% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-5-pow0x10001-Gas=524288-14   31.75Ki ± 0%   31.49Ki ± 0%   -0.81% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marius-1-even-Gas=45296-14            2.548Ki ± 0%   2.134Ki ± 0%  -16.25% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/guido-1-even-Gas=51136-14             2.517Ki ± 0%   2.103Ki ± 0%  -16.45% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/guido-2-even-Gas=51152-14             2.642Ki ± 0%   2.228Ki ± 0%  -15.67% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/guido-3-even-Gas=32400-14             8.271Ki ± 0%   8.014Ki ± 0%   -3.12% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/guido-4-even-Gas=94448-14              1104.0 ± 0%     680.0 ± 0%  -38.41% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-1-base-heavy-Gas=1152-14       2.954Ki ± 0%   2.696Ki ± 0%   -8.73% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-1-exp-heavy-Gas=16624-14       1.688Ki ± 0%   1.273Ki ± 0%  -24.54% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-1-balanced-Gas=1200-14         1.266Ki ± 0%   1.008Ki ± 0%  -20.37% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-2-base-heavy-Gas=5202-14       9.554Ki ± 0%   9.296Ki ± 0%   -2.70% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-2-exp-heavy-Gas=16368-14       2.102Ki ± 0%   1.688Ki ± 0%  -19.72% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-2-balanced-Gas=5978-14         1.985Ki ± 0%   1.727Ki ± 0%  -13.03% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-3-base-heavy-Gas=2032-14       2.634Ki ± 0%   2.282Ki ± 0%  -13.35% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-3-exp-heavy-Gas=4080-14        2.368Ki ± 0%   2.000Ki ± 0%  -15.55% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-3-balanced-Gas=4080-14         2.665Ki ± 0%   2.298Ki ± 0%  -13.78% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-8-exp-648-Gas=16624-14            1.907Ki ± 0%   1.492Ki ± 0%  -21.76% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-8-exp-896-Gas=24560-14            1.923Ki ± 0%   1.508Ki ± 0%  -21.58% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-32-exp-32-Gas=500-14               1240.0 ± 0%     920.0 ± 0%  -25.81% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-32-exp-36-Gas=560-14              1.352Ki ± 0%   1.039Ki ± 0%  -23.12% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-32-exp-40-Gas=624-14               1240.0 ± 0%     920.0 ± 0%  -25.81% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-32-exp-64-Gas=1008-14              1240.0 ± 0%     920.0 ± 0%  -25.81% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-32-exp-65-Gas=1024-14             3.118Ki ± 0%   2.767Ki ± 0%  -11.27% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-32-exp-128-Gas=2032-14            3.118Ki ± 0%   2.767Ki ± 0%  -11.27% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-256-exp-2-Gas=2048-14             3.861Ki ± 0%   3.604Ki ± 0%   -6.68% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-264-exp-2-Gas=2178-14             3.986Ki ± 0%   3.729Ki ± 0%   -6.47% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-1024-exp-2-Gas=32768-14           24.12Ki ± 0%   23.85Ki ± 0%   -1.09% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/pawel-1-exp-heavy-Gas=24560-14        1.978Ki ± 0%   1.562Ki ± 0%  -20.99% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/pawel-2-exp-heavy-Gas=6128-14         2.485Ki ± 0%   2.071Ki ± 0%  -16.66% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/pawel-3-exp-heavy-Gas=2672-14         2.853Ki ± 0%   2.485Ki ± 0%  -12.87% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/pawel-4-exp-heavy-Gas=1520-14         3.127Ki ± 0%   2.774Ki ± 0%  -11.27% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod_vul_pawel_3_exp_8-Gas=1008-14      1120.0 ± 0%     800.0 ± 0%  -28.57% (p=0.000 n=10)
geomean                                                        3.164Ki        2.718Ki       -14.08%

                                                             │ /tmp/old.txt │            /tmp/new.txt            │
                                                             │  allocs/op   │ allocs/op   vs base                │
PrecompiledModExp/eip_example1-Gas=13056-14                      37.00 ± 0%   30.00 ± 0%  -18.92% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/eip_example2-Gas=13056-14                     13.000 ± 0%   6.000 ± 0%  -53.85% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-1-square-Gas=204-14                   18.00 ± 0%   10.00 ± 0%  -44.44% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-1-qube-Gas=204-14                     19.00 ± 0%   11.00 ± 0%  -42.11% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-1-pow0x10001-Gas=3276-14              22.00 ± 0%   14.00 ± 0%  -36.36% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-2-square-Gas=665-14                   23.00 ± 0%   10.00 ± 0%  -56.52% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-2-qube-Gas=665-14                     24.00 ± 0%   11.00 ± 0%  -54.17% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-2-pow0x10001-Gas=10649-14             27.00 ± 0%   14.00 ± 0%  -48.15% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-3-square-Gas=1894-14                  23.00 ± 0%   10.00 ± 0%  -56.52% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-3-qube-Gas=1894-14                    24.00 ± 0%   11.00 ± 0%  -54.17% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-3-pow0x10001-Gas=30310-14             27.00 ± 0%   14.00 ± 0%  -48.15% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-4-square-Gas=5580-14                  23.00 ± 0%   10.00 ± 0%  -56.52% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-4-qube-Gas=5580-14                    25.00 ± 0%   12.00 ± 0%  -52.00% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-4-pow0x10001-Gas=89292-14             28.00 ± 0%   15.00 ± 0%  -46.43% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-5-square-Gas=17868-14                 24.00 ± 0%   11.00 ± 0%  -54.17% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-5-qube-Gas=17868-14                   26.00 ± 0%   13.00 ± 0%  -50.00% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExp/nagydani-5-pow0x10001-Gas=285900-14            44.00 ± 0%   31.00 ± 0%  -29.55% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/eip_example1-Gas=1360-14                37.00 ± 0%   30.00 ± 0%  -18.92% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/eip_example2-Gas=1360-14               13.000 ± 0%   6.000 ± 0%  -53.85% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-1-square-Gas=200-14            18.00 ± 0%   10.00 ± 0%  -44.44% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-1-qube-Gas=200-14              19.00 ± 0%   11.00 ± 0%  -42.11% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-1-pow0x10001-Gas=341-14        22.00 ± 0%   14.00 ± 0%  -36.36% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-2-square-Gas=200-14            18.00 ± 0%   10.00 ± 0%  -44.44% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-2-qube-Gas=200-14              19.00 ± 0%   11.00 ± 0%  -42.11% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-2-pow0x10001-Gas=1365-14       22.00 ± 0%   14.00 ± 0%  -36.36% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-3-square-Gas=341-14            18.00 ± 0%   10.00 ± 0%  -44.44% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-3-qube-Gas=341-14              19.00 ± 0%   11.00 ± 0%  -42.11% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-3-pow0x10001-Gas=5461-14       22.00 ± 0%   14.00 ± 0%  -36.36% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-4-square-Gas=1365-14           18.00 ± 0%   10.00 ± 0%  -44.44% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-4-qube-Gas=1365-14             20.00 ± 0%   12.00 ± 0%  -40.00% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-4-pow0x10001-Gas=21845-14      23.00 ± 0%   15.00 ± 0%  -34.78% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-5-square-Gas=5461-14           19.00 ± 0%   11.00 ± 0%  -42.11% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-5-qube-Gas=5461-14             21.00 ± 0%   13.00 ± 0%  -38.10% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/nagydani-5-pow0x10001-Gas=87381-14      39.00 ± 0%   31.00 ± 0%  -20.51% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marius-1-even-Gas=2057-14               52.00 ± 0%   43.00 ± 0%  -17.31% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/guido-1-even-Gas=2298-14                55.00 ± 0%   46.00 ± 0%  -16.36% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/guido-2-even-Gas=2300-14                52.00 ± 0%   44.00 ± 0%  -15.38% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/guido-3-even-Gas=5400-14                19.00 ± 0%   12.00 ± 0%  -36.84% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/guido-4-even-Gas=1026-14               18.000 ± 0%   9.000 ± 0%  -50.00% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-1-base-heavy-Gas=200-14          18.00 ± 0%   11.00 ± 0%  -38.89% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-1-exp-heavy-Gas=215-14           37.00 ± 0%   28.00 ± 0%  -24.32% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-1-balanced-Gas=200-14            19.00 ± 0%   12.00 ± 0%  -36.84% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-2-base-heavy-Gas=867-14          19.00 ± 0%   12.00 ± 0%  -36.84% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-2-exp-heavy-Gas=852-14           36.00 ± 0%   28.00 ± 0%  -22.22% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-2-balanced-Gas=996-14            23.00 ± 0%   15.00 ± 0%  -34.78% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-3-base-heavy-Gas=677-14          36.00 ± 0%   28.00 ± 0%  -22.22% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-3-exp-heavy-Gas=765-14           35.00 ± 0%   28.00 ± 0%  -20.00% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/marcin-3-balanced-Gas=1360-14           35.00 ± 0%   28.00 ± 0%  -20.00% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-8-exp-648-Gas=215-14                50.00 ± 0%   41.00 ± 0%  -18.00% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-8-exp-896-Gas=298-14                50.00 ± 0%   41.00 ± 0%  -18.00% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-32-exp-32-Gas=200-14                21.00 ± 0%   13.00 ± 0%  -38.10% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-32-exp-36-Gas=200-14                22.00 ± 0%   14.00 ± 0%  -36.36% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-32-exp-40-Gas=208-14                20.00 ± 0%   13.00 ± 0%  -35.00% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-32-exp-64-Gas=336-14                20.00 ± 0%   13.00 ± 0%  -35.00% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-32-exp-65-Gas=341-14                52.00 ± 0%   44.00 ± 0%  -15.38% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-32-exp-128-Gas=677-14               52.00 ± 0%   44.00 ± 0%  -15.38% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-256-exp-2-Gas=341-14                19.00 ± 0%   11.00 ± 0%  -42.11% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-264-exp-2-Gas=363-14                18.00 ± 0%   11.00 ± 0%  -38.89% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod-1024-exp-2-Gas=5461-14              22.00 ± 0%   14.00 ± 0%  -36.36% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/pawel-1-exp-heavy-Gas=298-14            52.00 ± 0%   43.00 ± 0%  -17.31% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/pawel-2-exp-heavy-Gas=425-14            54.00 ± 0%   45.00 ± 0%  -16.67% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/pawel-3-exp-heavy-Gas=501-14            52.00 ± 0%   45.00 ± 0%  -13.46% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/pawel-4-exp-heavy-Gas=506-14            53.00 ± 0%   45.00 ± 0%  -15.09% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip2565/mod_vul_pawel_3_exp_8-Gas=200-14        19.00 ± 0%   12.00 ± 0%  -36.84% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-1-square-Gas=500-14            17.00 ± 0%   10.00 ± 0%  -41.18% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-1-qube-Gas=500-14              18.00 ± 0%   11.00 ± 0%  -38.89% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-1-pow0x10001-Gas=2048-14       21.00 ± 0%   14.00 ± 0%  -33.33% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-2-square-Gas=512-14            17.00 ± 0%   10.00 ± 0%  -41.18% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-2-qube-Gas=512-14              18.00 ± 0%   11.00 ± 0%  -38.89% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-2-pow0x10001-Gas=8192-14       21.00 ± 0%   14.00 ± 0%  -33.33% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-3-square-Gas=2048-14           17.00 ± 0%   10.00 ± 0%  -41.18% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-3-qube-Gas=2048-14             18.00 ± 0%   11.00 ± 0%  -38.89% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-3-pow0x10001-Gas=32768-14      21.00 ± 0%   14.00 ± 0%  -33.33% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-4-square-Gas=8192-14           17.00 ± 0%   10.00 ± 0%  -41.18% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-4-qube-Gas=8192-14             19.00 ± 0%   12.00 ± 0%  -36.84% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-4-pow0x10001-Gas=131072-14     22.00 ± 0%   15.00 ± 0%  -31.82% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-5-square-Gas=32768-14          18.00 ± 0%   11.00 ± 0%  -38.89% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-5-qube-Gas=32768-14            20.00 ± 0%   13.00 ± 0%  -35.00% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/nagydani-5-pow0x10001-Gas=524288-14     38.00 ± 0%   31.00 ± 0%  -18.42% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marius-1-even-Gas=45296-14              53.00 ± 0%   43.00 ± 0%  -18.87% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/guido-1-even-Gas=51136-14               56.00 ± 0%   46.00 ± 0%  -17.86% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/guido-2-even-Gas=51152-14               54.00 ± 0%   44.00 ± 0%  -18.52% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/guido-3-even-Gas=32400-14               19.00 ± 0%   12.00 ± 0%  -36.84% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/guido-4-even-Gas=94448-14              19.000 ± 0%   9.000 ± 0%  -52.63% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-1-base-heavy-Gas=1152-14         18.00 ± 0%   11.00 ± 0%  -38.89% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-1-exp-heavy-Gas=16624-14         38.00 ± 0%   28.00 ± 0%  -26.32% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-1-balanced-Gas=1200-14           19.00 ± 0%   12.00 ± 0%  -36.84% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-2-base-heavy-Gas=5202-14         19.00 ± 0%   12.00 ± 0%  -36.84% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-2-exp-heavy-Gas=16368-14         38.00 ± 0%   28.00 ± 0%  -26.32% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-2-balanced-Gas=5978-14           22.00 ± 0%   15.00 ± 0%  -31.82% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-3-base-heavy-Gas=2032-14         37.00 ± 0%   28.00 ± 0%  -24.32% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-3-exp-heavy-Gas=4080-14          37.00 ± 0%   28.00 ± 0%  -24.32% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/marcin-3-balanced-Gas=4080-14           37.00 ± 0%   28.00 ± 0%  -24.32% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-8-exp-648-Gas=16624-14              51.00 ± 0%   41.00 ± 0%  -19.61% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-8-exp-896-Gas=24560-14              51.00 ± 0%   41.00 ± 0%  -19.61% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-32-exp-32-Gas=500-14                22.00 ± 0%   13.00 ± 0%  -40.91% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-32-exp-36-Gas=560-14                23.00 ± 0%   14.00 ± 0%  -39.13% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-32-exp-40-Gas=624-14                22.00 ± 0%   13.00 ± 0%  -40.91% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-32-exp-64-Gas=1008-14               22.00 ± 0%   13.00 ± 0%  -40.91% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-32-exp-65-Gas=1024-14               53.00 ± 0%   44.00 ± 0%  -16.98% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-32-exp-128-Gas=2032-14              53.00 ± 0%   44.00 ± 0%  -16.98% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-256-exp-2-Gas=2048-14               18.00 ± 0%   11.00 ± 0%  -38.89% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-264-exp-2-Gas=2178-14               18.00 ± 0%   11.00 ± 0%  -38.89% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod-1024-exp-2-Gas=32768-14             21.00 ± 0%   14.00 ± 0%  -33.33% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/pawel-1-exp-heavy-Gas=24560-14          53.00 ± 0%   43.00 ± 0%  -18.87% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/pawel-2-exp-heavy-Gas=6128-14           55.00 ± 0%   45.00 ± 0%  -18.18% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/pawel-3-exp-heavy-Gas=2672-14           54.00 ± 0%   45.00 ± 0%  -16.67% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/pawel-4-exp-heavy-Gas=1520-14           54.00 ± 0%   45.00 ± 0%  -16.67% (p=0.000 n=10)
PrecompiledModExpEip7883/mod_vul_pawel_3_exp_8-Gas=1008-14       21.00 ± 0%   12.00 ± 0%  -42.86% (p=0.000 n=10)
geomean                                                          26.59        17.27       -35.03%
```

Co-authored-by: @kevaundray
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>
2025-09-08 13:33:10 +02:00
Delweng
c4ec4504bb
core/state: state size tracking (#32362)
Add state size tracking and retrieve api, start geth with `--state.size-tracking`, 
the initial bootstrap is required (around 1h on mainnet), after the bootstrap, 
use `debug_stateSize()` RPC to retrieve the state size:

```
> debug.stateSize()
{
  accountBytes: "0x39681967b",
  accountTrienodeBytes: "0xc57939f0c",
  accountTrienodes: "0x198b36ac",
  accounts: "0x129da14a",
  blockNumber: "0x1635e90",
  contractCodeBytes: "0x2b63ef481",
  contractCodes: "0x1c7b45",
  stateRoot: "0x9c36a3ec3745d72eea8700bd27b90dcaa66de0494b187c5600750044151e620a",
  storageBytes: "0x18a6e7d3f1",
  storageTrienodeBytes: "0x2e7f53fae6",
  storageTrienodes: "0x6e49a234",
  storages: "0x517859c5"
}
```

---------

Signed-off-by: jsvisa <delweng@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Gary Rong <garyrong0905@gmail.com>
2025-09-08 14:00:23 +08:00
rjl493456442
902ec5baae
cmd, core, eth, triedb/pathdb: track node origins in the path database (#32418)
This PR is the first step in the trienode history series.

It introduces the `nodeWithOrigin` struct in the path database, which tracks
the original values of dirty nodes to support trienode history construction.

Note, the original value is always empty in this PR, so it won't break the 
existing journal for encoding and decoding. The compatibility of journal 
should be handled in the following PR.
2025-09-05 10:37:05 +08:00
rjl493456442
f5fcfb2fbe
core/rawdb: remove outdated functions (#32542)
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2025-09-04 17:25:33 +08:00
Csaba Kiraly
70f177a527
core/txpool/blobpool: fix getblobs error handling (#32538)
Another getBlobs PR on top of
https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pull/32190 to avoid some minor
regressions.

- bring back more log messages from before
- continue processing also on some internal errors
- ensure v2 complies with spec even if there are internal errors

---------

Signed-off-by: Csaba Kiraly <csaba.kiraly@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: rjl493456442 <garyrong0905@gmail.com>
2025-09-04 09:42:03 +02:00
Sina M
e6884ccccf
core/tracing: update changelog (#32535)
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Update all the accumulated changes
2025-09-03 09:45:58 +02:00
rjl493456442
00516c71fb
core/txpool/blobpool, eth/catalyst: place null for missing blob (#32536)
This pull request fixes a regression, introduced in #32190

Specifically, in GetBlobsV1 engine API, if any blob is missing, the null
should be placed in
response, unfortunately a behavioral change was introduced in #32190,
returning an error
instead.

What's more, a more comprehensive test suite is added to cover both
`GetBlobsV1` and
`GetBlobsV2` endpoints.
2025-09-03 09:44:00 +02:00
keeghcet
0e82b6be63
core/txpool: fix duplicate function comment (#32524)
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2025-09-02 20:01:33 +08:00
Sina M
328add2a5a
core/tracing: add code change reason (#32525)
Closes #32376
2025-09-02 12:44:47 +02:00
Sina M
6f08b3a725
core/tracing: fix selfdestruct 6780 balance change emit (#32526)
Noticed in #32376
2025-09-02 12:44:09 +02:00
Ömer Faruk Irmak
c36f7bec7f
core/stateless: track number of leaf nodes at each trie depth (#32533)
Switches to using counters so that the gauges don't cause any
information to be lost. Counters can be used to calculate all sorts of
metrics on Grafana. Which is also why min/avg/max logic is removed to
make things simple and small here.
2025-09-02 12:43:26 +02:00
lightclient
ffe758c7a7
internal/ethapi,params: add eth_config (#32239)
~Will probably be mostly supplanted by #32224, but this should do for
now for devnet 3.~

Seems like #32224 is going to take some more time, so I have completed
the implementation of eth_config here. It is quite a bit simpler to
implement now that the config hashing was removed.

---------

Co-authored-by: MariusVanDerWijden <m.vanderwijden@live.de>
Co-authored-by: Guillaume Ballet <3272758+gballet@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: rjl493456442 <garyrong0905@gmail.com>
2025-09-01 16:40:41 +02:00
Guillaume Ballet
bd4b17907f
trie/bintrie: add eip7864 binary trees and run its tests (#32365)
Implement the binary tree as specified in [eip-7864](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7864). 

This will gradually replace verkle trees in the codebase. This is only 
running the tests and will not be executed in production, but will help 
me rebase some of my work, so that it doesn't bitrot as much.

---------

Signed-off-by: Guillaume Ballet
Co-authored-by: Parithosh Jayanthi <parithosh.jayanthi@ethereum.org>
Co-authored-by: rjl493456442 <garyrong0905@gmail.com>
2025-09-01 21:06:51 +08:00
Guillaume Ballet
931befe83d
core/stateless: only report leaf depth in witness stats (#32507)
Filtering for leaf nodes was missing from #32388, which means that even
the root done was reported, which made little sense for the bloatnet
data processing we want to do.
2025-09-01 17:37:09 +08:00
Mars
0e69530c6e
all: improve ETA calculation across all progress indicators (#32521)
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### Summary
Fixes long-standing ETA calculation errors in progress indicators that
have been present since February 2021. The current implementation
produces increasingly inaccurate estimates due to integer division
precision loss.

### Problem

3aeccadd04/triedb/pathdb/history_indexer.go (L541-L553)
The ETA calculation has two critical issues:
1. **Integer division precision loss**: `speed` is calculated as
`uint64`
2. **Off-by-one**: `speed` uses `+ 1`(2 times) to avoid division by
zero, however it makes mistake in the final calculation

This results in wildly inaccurate time estimates that don't improve as
progress continues.

### Example
Current output during state history indexing:
```
lvl=info msg="Indexing state history" processed=16858580 left=41802252 elapsed=18h22m59.848s eta=11h36m42.252s
```

**Expected calculation:**
- Speed: 16858580 ÷ 66179848ms = 0.255 blocks/ms  
- ETA: 41802252 ÷ 0.255 = ~45.6 hours

**Current buggy calculation:**
- Speed: rounds to 1 block/ms
- ETA: 41802252 ÷ 1 = ~11.6 hours 

### Solution
- Created centralized `CalculateETA()` function in common package
- Replaced all 8 duplicate code copies across the codebase

### Testing
Verified accurate ETA calculations during archive node reindexing with
significantly improved time estimates.
2025-09-01 13:47:02 +08:00
Delweng
0cde5278e8
core/rawdb: inspect database in parallel (#32506)
`db inspect` on the full database currently takes **30min+**, because
the db iterate was run in one thread, propose to split the key-space to
256 sub range, and assign them to the worker pool to speed up.

After the change, the time of running `db inspect --workers 16` reduced
to **10min**(the keyspace is not evenly distributed).

---------

Signed-off-by: jsvisa <delweng@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Gary Rong <garyrong0905@gmail.com>
2025-09-01 13:41:41 +08:00
rjl493456442
7f78fa6912
triedb/pathdb, core: keep root->id mappings after truncation (#32502)
This pull request preserves the root->ID mappings in the path database
even after the associated state histories are truncated, regardless of
whether the truncation occurs at the head or the tail.

The motivation is to support an additional history type, trienode history. 
Since the root->ID mappings are shared between two history instances, 
they must not be removed by either one.

As a consequence, the root->ID mappings remain in the database even
after the corresponding histories are pruned. While these mappings may 
become  dangling, it is safe and cheap to keep them.

Additionally, this pull request enhances validation during historical
reader construction, ensuring that only canonical historical state will be
served.
2025-08-29 15:43:58 +08:00
Zach Brown
2a795c14f4
all: fix problematic function name in comment (#32513)
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Fix problematic function name in comment.
Do my best to correct them all with a script to avoid spamming PRs.
2025-08-29 08:54:23 +08:00
oooLowNeoNooo
0979c6a1fa
core: improve error context in state processor for Prague EIPs (#32509)
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Add better error context for EIP-6110, EIP-7002, and EIP-7251 processing
in state processor to improve debugging capabilities.
2025-08-28 22:43:45 +08:00
rjl493456442
f90eb3e507
core, internal, miner, signer: convert legacy sidecar in Osaka fork (#32347)
This pull request implements #32235 , constructing blob sidecar in new
format (cell proof)
if the Osaka has been activated.

Apart from that, it introduces a pre-conversion step in the blob pool
before adding the txs.
This mechanism is essential for handling the remote **legacy** blob txs
from the network.

One thing is still missing and probably is worthy being highlighted
here: the blobpool may
contain several legacy blob txs before the Osaka and these txs should be
converted once
Osaka is activated. While the `GetBlob` API in blobpool is capable for
generating cell proofs
at the runtime, converting legacy txs at one time is much cheaper
overall.

---------

Co-authored-by: MariusVanDerWijden <m.vanderwijden@live.de>
Co-authored-by: lightclient <lightclient@protonmail.com>
2025-08-27 11:03:29 -06:00
pxwanglu
d0602ba45a
core,trie: fix typo in TransitionTrie (#32491)
Change `NewTransitionTree` to the correct `NewTransitionTrie`.

Signed-off-by: pxwanglu <pxwanglu@icloud.com>
2025-08-25 09:29:58 +02:00
shazam8253
e9656238a7
core, miner, trie: add metrics tracking state trie depth (#32388)
Co-authored-by: shantichanal <158101918+shantichanal@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Gary Rong <garyrong0905@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Guillaume Ballet <3272758+gballet@users.noreply.github.com>
2025-08-22 22:09:14 +08:00
Marius van der Wijden
10421edf3e
core/types: reduce allocations for transaction comparison (#31912)
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This PR should reduce overall allocations of a running node by ~10
percent. Since most allocations are coming from the re-heaping of the
transaction pool.

```
(pprof) list EffectiveGasTipCmp
Total: 38197204475
ROUTINE ======================== github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types.(*Transaction).EffectiveGasTipCmp in github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types/transaction.go
         0 3766837369 (flat, cum)  9.86% of Total
         .          .    386:func (tx *Transaction) EffectiveGasTipCmp(other *Transaction, baseFee *big.Int) int {
         .          .    387: if baseFee == nil {
         .          .    388:  return tx.GasTipCapCmp(other)
         .          .    389: }
         .          .    390: // Use more efficient internal method.
         .          .    391: txTip, otherTip := new(big.Int), new(big.Int)
         . 1796172553    392: tx.calcEffectiveGasTip(txTip, baseFee)
         . 1970664816    393: other.calcEffectiveGasTip(otherTip, baseFee)
         .          .    394: return txTip.Cmp(otherTip)
         .          .    395:}
         .          .    396:
         .          .    397:// EffectiveGasTipIntCmp compares the effective gasTipCap of a transaction to the given gasTipCap.
         .          .    398:func (tx *Transaction) EffectiveGasTipIntCmp(other *big.Int, baseFee *big.Int) int {
```

This PR reduces the allocations for comparing two transactions from 2 to
0:
```
goos: linux
goarch: amd64
pkg: github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types
cpu: Intel(R) Core(TM) Ultra 7 155U
                               │ /tmp/old.txt │            /tmp/new.txt             │
                               │    sec/op    │   sec/op     vs base                │
EffectiveGasTipCmp/Original-14    64.67n ± 2%   25.13n ± 9%  -61.13% (p=0.000 n=10)

                               │ /tmp/old.txt │            /tmp/new.txt            │
                               │     B/op     │   B/op     vs base                 │
EffectiveGasTipCmp/Original-14     16.00 ± 0%   0.00 ± 0%  -100.00% (p=0.000 n=10)

                               │ /tmp/old.txt │            /tmp/new.txt             │
                               │  allocs/op   │ allocs/op   vs base                 │
EffectiveGasTipCmp/Original-14     2.000 ± 0%   0.000 ± 0%  -100.00% (p=0.000 n=10)
```

It also speeds up the process by ~60%

There are two minor caveats with this PR:
- We change the API for `EffectiveGasTipCmp` and `EffectiveGasTipIntCmp`
(which are probably not used by much)
- We slightly change the behavior of `tx.EffectiveGasTip` when it
returns an error. It would previously return a negative number on error,
now it does not (since uint256 does not allow for negative numbers)

---------

Signed-off-by: Csaba Kiraly <csaba.kiraly@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Csaba Kiraly <csaba.kiraly@gmail.com>
2025-08-22 10:09:25 +02:00
rjl493456442
bf8f63dcd2
trie, core/state: introduce trie Prefetch for optimizing preload (#32134)
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This pull introduces a `Prefetch` operation in the trie to prefetch trie
nodes in parallel. It is used by the `triePrefetcher` to accelerate state 
loading and improve overall chain processing performance.
2025-08-20 21:45:27 +08:00
cui
42bf4844d8
core/rawdb: enhance database key construction (#32431) 2025-08-19 14:19:01 +08:00
kevaundray
5b2fc67eee
core/rawdb: add non-unix alternative for tablewriter (#32455)
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Continuation of https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/issues/32022

tablewriter assumes unix or windows, which may not be the case for
embedded targets.

For v0.0.5 of tablewriter, it is noted in table.go: "The protocols were
written in pure Go and works on windows and unix systems"

---------

Co-authored-by: rjl493456442 <garyrong0905@gmail.com>
2025-08-18 20:42:22 +08:00
jwasinger
a9a19c4202
core/vm: fix EIP-7823 modexp input length check (#32363)
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The order of the checks was wrong which would have allowed a call to
modexp with `baseLen == 0 && modLen == 0` post fusaka.

Also handles an edge case where base/mod/exp length >= 2**64

---------

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>
2025-08-15 15:58:00 +02:00
cui
ccf684f1ba
core/vm: refactor to use bitutil.TestBytes (#32434) 2025-08-15 15:10:44 +08:00
Guillaume Ballet
ea3a71792d
trie, core/state: add the transition tree (verkle transition part 2) (#32366)
This add some of the changes that were missing from #31634. It
introduces the `TransitionTrie`, which is a façade pattern between the
current MPT trie and the overlay tree.

---------

Signed-off-by: Guillaume Ballet <3272758+gballet@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: rjl493456442 <garyrong0905@gmail.com>
2025-08-15 14:34:32 +08:00
rjl493456442
cbbf686ecc
trie, core: rework tracer and track origin value of dirty nodes (#32306)
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These changes made in the PR should be highlighted here

The trie tracer is split into two distinct structs: opTracer and prevalueTracer. 
The former is specific to MPT, while the latter is generic and applicable to all
trie implementations.

The original values of dirty nodes are tracked in a NodeSet. This serves
as the foundation for both full archive node implementations and the state live
tracer.
2025-08-11 21:55:38 +08:00
cui
40072af04a
core/vm: make types consistent in makeDup (#32378) 2025-08-11 15:00:11 +08:00
Ömer Faruk Irmak
c3ef6c77c2
core/vm: fold EVMInterpreter into EVM (#32352)
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The separation serves no purpose atm, and the circular dependency that
EVM and EVMInterpreter had was begging for them to be merged.
2025-08-08 00:01:41 +02:00
cui
f9f85d0227
core: use reflect.TypeFor (#32320)
https://github.com/golang/go/issues/60088
2025-08-07 14:53:36 +02:00
cui
792de5d2e3
core/filtermaps: remove unnecessary nil check and add cv2 lock (#32309)
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Co-authored-by: zsfelfoldi <zsfelfoldi@gmail.com>
2025-08-06 12:57:43 +02:00
maskpp
e9dca3b181
eth/catalyst: avoid load the same blob tx multi times (#32190)
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- If all the `vhashes` are in the same `sidecar`, then it will load the
same blob tx many times. This PR aims to upgrade this.

---------

Co-authored-by: Gary Rong <garyrong0905@gmail.com>
2025-08-05 13:07:45 +08:00
Guillaume Ballet
cf50026466
core/state: introduce the TransitionState object (verkle transition part 1) (#31634)
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This is the first part of #31532 

It maintains a series of conversion maker which are to be updated by the
conversion code (in a follow-up PR, this is a breakdown of a larger PR
to make things easier to review). They can be used in this way:

- During the conversion, by storing the conversion markers when the
block has been processed. This is meant to be written in a function that
isn't currently present, hence [this
TODO](https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pull/31634/files#diff-89272f61e115723833d498a0acbe59fa2286e3dc7276a676a7f7816f21e248b7R384).

Part of  https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/issues/31583

---------

Signed-off-by: Guillaume Ballet <3272758+gballet@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Gary Rong <garyrong0905@gmail.com>
2025-08-05 09:34:12 +08:00
Felföldi Zsolt
5ebd8032b9
beacon/params, core/filtermaps: update checkpoints (#32336)
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This PR updates checkpoints for blsync and filtermaps.
2025-08-04 09:19:33 +08:00
lmittmann
17d65e9451
core/vm: add configurable jumpdest analysis cache (#32143)
This adds a method on vm.EVM to set the jumpdest cache implementation.
It can be used to maintain an analysis cache across VM invocations, to improve
performance by skipping the analysis for already known contracts.

---------

Co-authored-by: lmittmann <lmittmann@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>
2025-08-01 13:57:38 +02:00
Daniel Katzan
2d95ba7d15
core/types: expose sigHash as Hash for SetCodeAuthorization (#32298) 2025-07-31 09:34:17 +08:00