Replace the BinaryNode interface (which uses Go interface pointers that
the GC must scan) with NodeRef uint32 indices into typed arena pools.
NodeRef packs a 2-bit kind tag and 30-bit pool index into a single
uint32, making it invisible to the garbage collector.
NodeStore manages chunked typed pools per node kind:
- InternalNode pool: ZERO Go pointers (children are NodeRef, hash is
[32]byte) → allocated in noscan spans, GC skips entirely
- HashedNode pool: ZERO Go pointers → noscan spans
- StemNode pool: ONE pointer per node (valueData []byte) → minimal GC
For a trie with 25K InternalNodes, this reduces GC-scanned pointer-words
from ~125K to ~10K (85% reduction). CPU profiling showed 44% of time
in GC; this refactor directly addresses that bottleneck.
Serialization format is unchanged — the on-disk representation is
fully compatible. All existing tests pass.
This is broken off of #31730 to only focus on testing networks that
start with verkle at genesis.
The PR has seen a lot of work since its creation, and it now targets
creating and re-executing tests for a binary tree testnet without the
transition (so it starts at genesis). The transition tree has been moved
to its own package. It also replaces verkle with the binary tree for
this specific application.
---------
Co-authored-by: Gary Rong <garyrong0905@gmail.com>
Implement the binary tree as specified in [eip-7864](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7864).
This will gradually replace verkle trees in the codebase. This is only
running the tests and will not be executed in production, but will help
me rebase some of my work, so that it doesn't bitrot as much.
---------
Signed-off-by: Guillaume Ballet
Co-authored-by: Parithosh Jayanthi <parithosh.jayanthi@ethereum.org>
Co-authored-by: rjl493456442 <garyrong0905@gmail.com>
