// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors // This file is part of the go-ethereum library. // // The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify // it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by // the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or // (at your option) any later version. // // The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the // GNU Lesser General Public License for more details. // // You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License // along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see . package vm import ( "crypto/sha256" "encoding/binary" "errors" "math" "math/big" "github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/common" "github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/core/vm/privacy" "github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/crypto" "github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/crypto/blake2b" "github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/crypto/bn256" "github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/params" "golang.org/x/crypto/ripemd160" ) // PrecompiledContract is the basic interface for native Go contracts. The implementation // requires a deterministic gas count based on the input size of the Run method of the // contract. type PrecompiledContract interface { RequiredGas(input []byte) uint64 // RequiredPrice calculates the contract gas use Run(input []byte) ([]byte, error) // Run runs the precompiled contract } // PrecompiledContractsHomestead contains the default set of pre-compiled Ethereum // contracts used in the Frontier and Homestead releases. var PrecompiledContractsHomestead = map[common.Address]PrecompiledContract{ common.BytesToAddress([]byte{1}): &ecrecover{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{2}): &sha256hash{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{3}): &ripemd160hash{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{4}): &dataCopy{}, } // PrecompiledContractsByzantium contains the default set of pre-compiled Ethereum // contracts used in the Byzantium release. var PrecompiledContractsByzantium = map[common.Address]PrecompiledContract{ common.BytesToAddress([]byte{1}): &ecrecover{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{2}): &sha256hash{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{3}): &ripemd160hash{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{4}): &dataCopy{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{5}): &bigModExp{eip2565: false}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{6}): &bn256AddByzantium{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{7}): &bn256ScalarMulByzantium{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{8}): &bn256PairingByzantium{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{30}): &ringSignatureVerifier{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{40}): &bulletproofVerifier{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{41}): &XDCxLastPrice{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{42}): &XDCxEpochPrice{}, } // PrecompiledContractsIstanbul contains the default set of pre-compiled Ethereum // contracts used in the Istanbul release. var PrecompiledContractsIstanbul = map[common.Address]PrecompiledContract{ common.BytesToAddress([]byte{1}): &ecrecover{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{2}): &sha256hash{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{3}): &ripemd160hash{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{4}): &dataCopy{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{5}): &bigModExp{eip2565: false}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{6}): &bn256AddIstanbul{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{7}): &bn256ScalarMulIstanbul{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{8}): &bn256PairingIstanbul{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{9}): &blake2F{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{30}): &ringSignatureVerifier{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{40}): &bulletproofVerifier{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{41}): &XDCxLastPrice{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{42}): &XDCxEpochPrice{}, } var PrecompiledContractsXDCv2 = map[common.Address]PrecompiledContract{ common.BytesToAddress([]byte{1}): &ecrecover{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{2}): &sha256hash{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{3}): &ripemd160hash{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{4}): &dataCopy{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{5}): &bigModExp{eip2565: false}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{6}): &bn256AddIstanbul{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{7}): &bn256ScalarMulIstanbul{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{8}): &bn256PairingIstanbul{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{9}): &blake2F{}, } var PrecompiledContractsEIP1559 = map[common.Address]PrecompiledContract{ common.BytesToAddress([]byte{1}): &ecrecover{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{2}): &sha256hash{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{3}): &ripemd160hash{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{4}): &dataCopy{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{5}): &bigModExp{eip2565: true}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{6}): &bn256AddIstanbul{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{7}): &bn256ScalarMulIstanbul{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{8}): &bn256PairingIstanbul{}, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{9}): &blake2F{}, } var ( PrecompiledAddressesEIP1559 []common.Address PrecompiledAddressesXDCv2 []common.Address PrecompiledAddressesIstanbul []common.Address PrecompiledAddressesByzantium []common.Address PrecompiledAddressesHomestead []common.Address ) func init() { for k := range PrecompiledContractsHomestead { PrecompiledAddressesHomestead = append(PrecompiledAddressesHomestead, k) } for k := range PrecompiledContractsByzantium { PrecompiledAddressesByzantium = append(PrecompiledAddressesByzantium, k) } for k := range PrecompiledContractsIstanbul { PrecompiledAddressesIstanbul = append(PrecompiledAddressesIstanbul, k) } for k := range PrecompiledContractsXDCv2 { PrecompiledAddressesXDCv2 = append(PrecompiledAddressesXDCv2, k) } for k := range PrecompiledContractsEIP1559 { PrecompiledAddressesEIP1559 = append(PrecompiledAddressesEIP1559, k) } } // ActivePrecompiles returns the precompiles enabled with the current configuration. func ActivePrecompiles(rules params.Rules) []common.Address { switch { case rules.IsEIP1559: return PrecompiledAddressesEIP1559 case rules.IsXDCxDisable: return PrecompiledAddressesXDCv2 case rules.IsIstanbul: return PrecompiledAddressesIstanbul case rules.IsByzantium: return PrecompiledAddressesByzantium default: return PrecompiledAddressesHomestead } } // RunPrecompiledContract runs and evaluates the output of a precompiled contract. // It returns // - the returned bytes, // - the _remaining_ gas, // - any error that occurred func RunPrecompiledContract(evm *EVM, p PrecompiledContract, input []byte, suppliedGas uint64) (ret []byte, remainingGas uint64, err error) { if evm != nil { if evm.chainConfig.IsTIPXDCXReceiver(evm.Context.BlockNumber) { switch p := p.(type) { case *XDCxEpochPrice: p.SetTradingState(evm.tradingStateDB) case *XDCxLastPrice: p.SetTradingState(evm.tradingStateDB) } } } gasCost := p.RequiredGas(input) if suppliedGas < gasCost { return nil, 0, ErrOutOfGas } suppliedGas -= gasCost output, err := p.Run(input) return output, suppliedGas, err } // ECRECOVER implemented as a native contract. type ecrecover struct{} func (c *ecrecover) RequiredGas(input []byte) uint64 { return params.EcrecoverGas } func (c *ecrecover) Run(input []byte) ([]byte, error) { const ecRecoverInputLength = 128 input = common.RightPadBytes(input, ecRecoverInputLength) // "input" is (hash, v, r, s), each 32 bytes // but for ecrecover we want (r, s, v) r := new(big.Int).SetBytes(input[64:96]) s := new(big.Int).SetBytes(input[96:128]) v := input[63] - 27 // tighter sig s values input homestead only apply to tx sigs if !allZero(input[32:63]) || !crypto.ValidateSignatureValues(v, r, s, false) { return nil, nil } // We must make sure not to modify the 'input', so placing the 'v' along with // the signature needs to be done on a new allocation sig := make([]byte, crypto.SignatureLength) copy(sig, input[64:128]) sig[64] = v // v needs to be at the end for libsecp256k1 pubKey, err := crypto.Ecrecover(input[:32], sig) // make sure the public key is a valid one if err != nil { return nil, nil } // the first byte of pubkey is bitcoin heritage return common.LeftPadBytes(crypto.Keccak256(pubKey[1:])[12:], 32), nil } // SHA256 implemented as a native contract. type sha256hash struct{} // RequiredGas returns the gas required to execute the pre-compiled contract. // // This method does not require any overflow checking as the input size gas costs // required for anything significant is so high it's impossible to pay for. func (c *sha256hash) RequiredGas(input []byte) uint64 { return uint64(len(input)+31)/32*params.Sha256PerWordGas + params.Sha256BaseGas } func (c *sha256hash) Run(input []byte) ([]byte, error) { h := sha256.Sum256(input) return h[:], nil } // RIPEMD160 implemented as a native contract. type ripemd160hash struct{} // RequiredGas returns the gas required to execute the pre-compiled contract. // // This method does not require any overflow checking as the input size gas costs // required for anything significant is so high it's impossible to pay for. func (c *ripemd160hash) RequiredGas(input []byte) uint64 { return uint64(len(input)+31)/32*params.Ripemd160PerWordGas + params.Ripemd160BaseGas } func (c *ripemd160hash) Run(input []byte) ([]byte, error) { ripemd := ripemd160.New() ripemd.Write(input) return common.LeftPadBytes(ripemd.Sum(nil), 32), nil } // data copy implemented as a native contract. type dataCopy struct{} // RequiredGas returns the gas required to execute the pre-compiled contract. // // This method does not require any overflow checking as the input size gas costs // required for anything significant is so high it's impossible to pay for. func (c *dataCopy) RequiredGas(input []byte) uint64 { return uint64(len(input)+31)/32*params.IdentityPerWordGas + params.IdentityBaseGas } func (c *dataCopy) Run(in []byte) ([]byte, error) { return common.CopyBytes(in), nil } // bigModExp implements a native big integer exponential modular operation. type bigModExp struct { eip2565 bool } var ( big0 = big.NewInt(0) big1 = big.NewInt(1) big3 = big.NewInt(3) big4 = big.NewInt(4) big7 = big.NewInt(7) big8 = big.NewInt(8) big16 = big.NewInt(16) big20 = big.NewInt(20) big32 = big.NewInt(32) big64 = big.NewInt(64) big96 = big.NewInt(96) big480 = big.NewInt(480) big1024 = big.NewInt(1024) big3072 = big.NewInt(3072) big199680 = big.NewInt(199680) ) // modexpMultComplexity implements bigModexp multComplexity formula, as defined in EIP-198 // // def mult_complexity(x): // // if x <= 64: return x ** 2 // elif x <= 1024: return x ** 2 // 4 + 96 * x - 3072 // else: return x ** 2 // 16 + 480 * x - 199680 // // where is x is max(length_of_MODULUS, length_of_BASE) func modexpMultComplexity(x *big.Int) *big.Int { switch { case x.Cmp(big64) <= 0: x.Mul(x, x) // x ** 2 case x.Cmp(big1024) <= 0: // (x ** 2 // 4 ) + ( 96 * x - 3072) x = new(big.Int).Add( new(big.Int).Div(new(big.Int).Mul(x, x), big4), new(big.Int).Sub(new(big.Int).Mul(big96, x), big3072), ) default: // (x ** 2 // 16) + (480 * x - 199680) x = new(big.Int).Add( new(big.Int).Div(new(big.Int).Mul(x, x), big16), new(big.Int).Sub(new(big.Int).Mul(big480, x), big199680), ) } return x } // RequiredGas returns the gas required to execute the pre-compiled contract. func (c *bigModExp) RequiredGas(input []byte) uint64 { var ( baseLen = new(big.Int).SetBytes(getData(input, 0, 32)) expLen = new(big.Int).SetBytes(getData(input, 32, 32)) modLen = new(big.Int).SetBytes(getData(input, 64, 32)) ) if len(input) > 96 { input = input[96:] } else { input = input[:0] } // Retrieve the head 32 bytes of exp for the adjusted exponent length var expHead *big.Int if big.NewInt(int64(len(input))).Cmp(baseLen) <= 0 { expHead = new(big.Int) } else { if expLen.Cmp(big32) > 0 { expHead = new(big.Int).SetBytes(getData(input, baseLen.Uint64(), 32)) } else { expHead = new(big.Int).SetBytes(getData(input, baseLen.Uint64(), expLen.Uint64())) } } // Calculate the adjusted exponent length var msb int if bitlen := expHead.BitLen(); bitlen > 0 { msb = bitlen - 1 } adjExpLen := new(big.Int) if expLen.Cmp(big32) > 0 { adjExpLen.Sub(expLen, big32) adjExpLen.Mul(big8, adjExpLen) } adjExpLen.Add(adjExpLen, big.NewInt(int64(msb))) // Calculate the gas cost of the operation gas := new(big.Int) if modLen.Cmp(baseLen) < 0 { gas.Set(baseLen) } else { gas.Set(modLen) } if c.eip2565 { // EIP-2565 has three changes // 1. Different multComplexity (inlined here) // in EIP-2565 (https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2565): // // def mult_complexity(x): // ceiling(x/8)^2 // // where is x is max(length_of_MODULUS, length_of_BASE) gas = gas.Add(gas, big7) gas = gas.Div(gas, big8) gas.Mul(gas, gas) if adjExpLen.Cmp(big1) > 0 { gas.Mul(gas, adjExpLen) } // 2. Different divisor (`GQUADDIVISOR`) (3) gas.Div(gas, big3) if gas.BitLen() > 64 { return math.MaxUint64 } // 3. Minimum price of 200 gas if gas.Uint64() < 200 { return 200 } return gas.Uint64() } gas = modexpMultComplexity(gas) if adjExpLen.Cmp(big1) > 0 { gas.Mul(gas, adjExpLen) } gas.Div(gas, big20) if gas.BitLen() > 64 { return math.MaxUint64 } return gas.Uint64() } func (c *bigModExp) Run(input []byte) ([]byte, error) { var ( baseLen = new(big.Int).SetBytes(getData(input, 0, 32)).Uint64() expLen = new(big.Int).SetBytes(getData(input, 32, 32)).Uint64() modLen = new(big.Int).SetBytes(getData(input, 64, 32)).Uint64() ) if len(input) > 96 { input = input[96:] } else { input = input[:0] } // Handle a special case when both the base and mod length is zero if baseLen == 0 && modLen == 0 { return []byte{}, nil } // Retrieve the operands and execute the exponentiation var ( base = new(big.Int).SetBytes(getData(input, 0, baseLen)) exp = new(big.Int).SetBytes(getData(input, baseLen, expLen)) mod = new(big.Int).SetBytes(getData(input, baseLen+expLen, modLen)) v []byte ) switch { case mod.BitLen() == 0: // Modulo 0 is undefined, return zero return common.LeftPadBytes([]byte{}, int(modLen)), nil case base.BitLen() == 1: // a bit length of 1 means it's 1 (or -1). // If base == 1, then we can just return base % mod (if mod >= 1, which it is) v = base.Mod(base, mod).Bytes() default: v = base.Exp(base, exp, mod).Bytes() } return common.LeftPadBytes(v, int(modLen)), nil } // newCurvePoint unmarshals a binary blob into a bn256 elliptic curve point, // returning it, or an error if the point is invalid. func newCurvePoint(blob []byte) (*bn256.G1, error) { p := new(bn256.G1) if _, err := p.Unmarshal(blob); err != nil { return nil, err } return p, nil } // newTwistPoint unmarshals a binary blob into a bn256 elliptic curve point, // returning it, or an error if the point is invalid. func newTwistPoint(blob []byte) (*bn256.G2, error) { p := new(bn256.G2) if _, err := p.Unmarshal(blob); err != nil { return nil, err } return p, nil } // runBn256Add implements the Bn256Add precompile, referenced by both // Byzantium and Istanbul operations. func runBn256Add(input []byte) ([]byte, error) { x, err := newCurvePoint(getData(input, 0, 64)) if err != nil { return nil, err } y, err := newCurvePoint(getData(input, 64, 64)) if err != nil { return nil, err } res := new(bn256.G1) res.Add(x, y) return res.Marshal(), nil } // bn256Add implements a native elliptic curve point addition conforming to // Istanbul consensus rules. type bn256AddIstanbul struct{} // RequiredGas returns the gas required to execute the pre-compiled contract. func (c *bn256AddIstanbul) RequiredGas(input []byte) uint64 { return params.Bn256AddGasIstanbul } func (c *bn256AddIstanbul) Run(input []byte) ([]byte, error) { return runBn256Add(input) } // bn256AddByzantium implements a native elliptic curve point addition // conforming to Byzantium consensus rules. type bn256AddByzantium struct{} // RequiredGas returns the gas required to execute the pre-compiled contract. func (c *bn256AddByzantium) RequiredGas(input []byte) uint64 { return params.Bn256AddGasByzantium } func (c *bn256AddByzantium) Run(input []byte) ([]byte, error) { return runBn256Add(input) } // runBn256ScalarMul implements the Bn256ScalarMul precompile, referenced by // both Byzantium and Istanbul operations. func runBn256ScalarMul(input []byte) ([]byte, error) { p, err := newCurvePoint(getData(input, 0, 64)) if err != nil { return nil, err } res := new(bn256.G1) res.ScalarMult(p, new(big.Int).SetBytes(getData(input, 64, 32))) return res.Marshal(), nil } // bn256ScalarMulIstanbul implements a native elliptic curve scalar // multiplication conforming to Istanbul consensus rules. type bn256ScalarMulIstanbul struct{} // RequiredGas returns the gas required to execute the pre-compiled contract. func (c *bn256ScalarMulIstanbul) RequiredGas(input []byte) uint64 { return params.Bn256ScalarMulGasIstanbul } func (c *bn256ScalarMulIstanbul) Run(input []byte) ([]byte, error) { return runBn256ScalarMul(input) } // bn256ScalarMulByzantium implements a native elliptic curve scalar // multiplication conforming to Byzantium consensus rules. type bn256ScalarMulByzantium struct{} // RequiredGas returns the gas required to execute the pre-compiled contract. func (c *bn256ScalarMulByzantium) RequiredGas(input []byte) uint64 { return params.Bn256ScalarMulGasByzantium } func (c *bn256ScalarMulByzantium) Run(input []byte) ([]byte, error) { return runBn256ScalarMul(input) } var ( // true32Byte is returned if the bn256 pairing check succeeds. true32Byte = []byte{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1} // false32Byte is returned if the bn256 pairing check fails. false32Byte = make([]byte, 32) // errBadPairingInput is returned if the bn256 pairing input is invalid. errBadPairingInput = errors.New("bad elliptic curve pairing size") ) // runBn256Pairing implements the Bn256Pairing precompile, referenced by both // Byzantium and Istanbul operations. func runBn256Pairing(input []byte) ([]byte, error) { // Handle some corner cases cheaply if len(input)%192 > 0 { return nil, errBadPairingInput } // Convert the input into a set of coordinates var ( cs []*bn256.G1 ts []*bn256.G2 ) for i := 0; i < len(input); i += 192 { c, err := newCurvePoint(input[i : i+64]) if err != nil { return nil, err } t, err := newTwistPoint(input[i+64 : i+192]) if err != nil { return nil, err } cs = append(cs, c) ts = append(ts, t) } // Execute the pairing checks and return the results if bn256.PairingCheck(cs, ts) { return true32Byte, nil } return false32Byte, nil } type ringSignatureVerifier struct{} type bulletproofVerifier struct{} func (c *bulletproofVerifier) RequiredGas(input []byte) uint64 { //the gas should depends on the ringsize return 100000 } func (c *ringSignatureVerifier) RequiredGas(input []byte) uint64 { //the gas should depends on the ringsize return 100000 } func (c *ringSignatureVerifier) Run(proof []byte) ([]byte, error) { der, err := privacy.Deserialize(proof) if err != nil { return []byte{}, errors.New("fail to deserialize proof") } if !privacy.Verify(der, false) { return []byte{}, errors.New("fail to verify ring signature") } return []byte{}, nil } func (c *bulletproofVerifier) Run(proof []byte) ([]byte, error) { mrp := new(privacy.MultiRangeProof) if mrp.Deserialize(proof) != nil { return []byte{}, errors.New("failed to deserialize bulletproofs") } if !privacy.MRPVerify(mrp) { return []byte{}, errors.New("failed to verify bulletproof") } return []byte{}, nil } // bn256PairingIstanbul implements a pairing pre-compile for the bn256 curve // conforming to Istanbul consensus rules. type bn256PairingIstanbul struct{} // RequiredGas returns the gas required to execute the pre-compiled contract. func (c *bn256PairingIstanbul) RequiredGas(input []byte) uint64 { return params.Bn256PairingBaseGasIstanbul + uint64(len(input)/192)*params.Bn256PairingPerPointGasIstanbul } func (c *bn256PairingIstanbul) Run(input []byte) ([]byte, error) { return runBn256Pairing(input) } // bn256PairingByzantium implements a pairing pre-compile for the bn256 curve // conforming to Byzantium consensus rules. type bn256PairingByzantium struct{} // RequiredGas returns the gas required to execute the pre-compiled contract. func (c *bn256PairingByzantium) RequiredGas(input []byte) uint64 { return params.Bn256PairingBaseGasByzantium + uint64(len(input)/192)*params.Bn256PairingPerPointGasByzantium } func (c *bn256PairingByzantium) Run(input []byte) ([]byte, error) { return runBn256Pairing(input) } type blake2F struct{} func (c *blake2F) RequiredGas(input []byte) uint64 { // If the input is malformed, we can't calculate the gas, return 0 and let the // actual call choke and fault. if len(input) != blake2FInputLength { return 0 } return uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(input[0:4])) } const ( blake2FInputLength = 213 blake2FFinalBlockBytes = byte(1) blake2FNonFinalBlockBytes = byte(0) ) var ( errBlake2FInvalidInputLength = errors.New("invalid input length") errBlake2FInvalidFinalFlag = errors.New("invalid final flag") ) func (c *blake2F) Run(input []byte) ([]byte, error) { // Make sure the input is valid (correct length and final flag) if len(input) != blake2FInputLength { return nil, errBlake2FInvalidInputLength } if input[212] != blake2FNonFinalBlockBytes && input[212] != blake2FFinalBlockBytes { return nil, errBlake2FInvalidFinalFlag } // Parse the input into the Blake2b call parameters var ( rounds = binary.BigEndian.Uint32(input[0:4]) final = input[212] == blake2FFinalBlockBytes h [8]uint64 m [16]uint64 t [2]uint64 ) for i := 0; i < 8; i++ { offset := 4 + i*8 h[i] = binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(input[offset : offset+8]) } for i := 0; i < 16; i++ { offset := 68 + i*8 m[i] = binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(input[offset : offset+8]) } t[0] = binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(input[196:204]) t[1] = binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(input[204:212]) // Execute the compression function, extract and return the result blake2b.F(&h, m, t, final, rounds) output := make([]byte, 64) for i := 0; i < 8; i++ { offset := i * 8 binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(output[offset:offset+8], h[i]) } return output, nil }