// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
//
// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

package core

import (
	"bytes"
	"fmt"
	"math"
	"math/big"

	"github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/common"
	"github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/core/tracing"
	"github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/core/types"
	"github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/core/vm"
	"github.com/XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain/params"
	"github.com/holiman/uint256"
)

// ExecutionResult includes all output after executing given evm
// message no matter the execution itself is successful or not.
type ExecutionResult struct {
	UsedGas    uint64 // Total used gas but include the refunded gas
	Err        error  // Any error encountered during the execution(listed in core/vm/errors.go)
	ReturnData []byte // Returned data from evm(function result or data supplied with revert opcode)
}

// Failed returns the indicator whether the execution is successful or not
func (result *ExecutionResult) Failed() bool { return result.Err != nil }

// Return is a helper function to help caller distinguish between revert reason
// and function return. Return returns the data after execution if no error occurs.
func (result *ExecutionResult) Return() []byte {
	if result.Err != nil {
		return nil
	}
	return common.CopyBytes(result.ReturnData)
}

// Revert returns the concrete revert reason if the execution is aborted by `REVERT`
// opcode. Note the reason can be nil if no data supplied with revert opcode.
func (result *ExecutionResult) Revert() []byte {
	if result.Err != vm.ErrExecutionReverted {
		return nil
	}
	return common.CopyBytes(result.ReturnData)
}

// IntrinsicGas computes the 'intrinsic gas' for a message with the given data.
func IntrinsicGas(data []byte, accessList types.AccessList, authList []types.SetCodeAuthorization, isContractCreation, isHomestead bool, isEIP3860 bool) (uint64, error) {
	// Set the starting gas for the raw transaction
	var gas uint64
	if isContractCreation && isHomestead {
		gas = params.TxGasContractCreation
	} else {
		gas = params.TxGas
	}
	dataLen := uint64(len(data))
	// Bump the required gas by the amount of transactional data
	if dataLen > 0 {
		// Zero and non-zero bytes are priced differently
		z := uint64(bytes.Count(data, []byte{0}))
		nz := dataLen - z

		// Make sure we don't exceed uint64 for all data combinations
		if (math.MaxUint64-gas)/params.TxDataNonZeroGas < nz {
			return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
		}
		gas += nz * params.TxDataNonZeroGas

		if (math.MaxUint64-gas)/params.TxDataZeroGas < z {
			return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
		}
		gas += z * params.TxDataZeroGas

		if isContractCreation && isEIP3860 {
			lenWords := toWordSize(dataLen)
			if (math.MaxUint64-gas)/params.InitCodeWordGas < lenWords {
				return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
			}
			gas += lenWords * params.InitCodeWordGas
		}
	}
	if accessList != nil {
		gas += uint64(len(accessList)) * params.TxAccessListAddressGas
		gas += uint64(accessList.StorageKeys()) * params.TxAccessListStorageKeyGas
	}
	if authList != nil {
		gas += uint64(len(authList)) * params.CallNewAccountGas
	}
	return gas, nil
}

// FloorDataGas computes the minimum gas required for a transaction based on its data tokens (EIP-7623).
func FloorDataGas(data []byte) (uint64, error) {
	var (
		z      = uint64(bytes.Count(data, []byte{0}))
		nz     = uint64(len(data)) - z
		tokens = nz*params.TxTokenPerNonZeroByte + z
	)
	// Check for overflow
	if (math.MaxUint64-params.TxGas)/params.TxCostFloorPerToken < tokens {
		return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
	}
	// Minimum gas required for a transaction based on its data tokens (EIP-7623).
	return params.TxGas + tokens*params.TxCostFloorPerToken, nil
}

// toWordSize returns the ceiled word size required for init code payment calculation.
func toWordSize(size uint64) uint64 {
	if size > math.MaxUint64-31 {
		return math.MaxUint64/32 + 1
	}

	return (size + 31) / 32
}

// A Message contains the data derived from a single transaction that is relevant to state
// processing.
type Message struct {
	To                    *common.Address
	From                  common.Address
	Nonce                 uint64
	Value                 *big.Int
	GasLimit              uint64
	GasPrice              *big.Int
	GasFeeCap             *big.Int
	GasTipCap             *big.Int
	BalanceTokenFee       *big.Int
	Data                  []byte
	AccessList            types.AccessList
	SetCodeAuthorizations []types.SetCodeAuthorization

	// When SkipNonceChecks is true, the message nonce is not checked against the
	// account nonce in state.
	// This field will be set to true for operations like RPC eth_call.
	SkipNonceChecks bool

	// When SkipFromEOACheck is true, the message sender is not checked to be an EOA.
	SkipFromEOACheck bool
}

// TransactionToMessage converts a transaction into a Message.
func TransactionToMessage(tx *types.Transaction, s types.Signer, balanceFee, blockNumber, baseFee *big.Int) (*Message, error) {
	msg := &Message{
		Nonce:                 tx.Nonce(),
		GasLimit:              tx.Gas(),
		GasPrice:              new(big.Int).Set(tx.GasPrice()),
		GasFeeCap:             new(big.Int).Set(tx.GasFeeCap()),
		GasTipCap:             new(big.Int).Set(tx.GasTipCap()),
		To:                    tx.To(),
		Value:                 tx.Value(),
		Data:                  tx.Data(),
		AccessList:            tx.AccessList(),
		SetCodeAuthorizations: tx.SetCodeAuthorizations(),
		SkipNonceChecks:       false,
		SkipFromEOACheck:      false,
		BalanceTokenFee:       balanceFee,
	}

	if balanceFee != nil {
		if blockNumber != nil {
			if blockNumber.Cmp(common.BlockNumberGas50x) >= 0 {
				msg.GasPrice = new(big.Int).Set(common.GasPrice50x)
			} else if blockNumber.Cmp(common.TIPTRC21Fee) > 0 {
				msg.GasPrice = new(big.Int).Set(common.TRC21GasPrice)
			} else {
				msg.GasPrice = new(big.Int).Set(common.TRC21GasPriceBefore)
			}
		}
	} else if baseFee != nil {
		// If baseFee provided, set gasPrice to effectiveGasPrice.
		msg.GasPrice = msg.GasPrice.Add(msg.GasTipCap, baseFee)
		if msg.GasPrice.Cmp(msg.GasFeeCap) > 0 {
			msg.GasPrice = msg.GasFeeCap
		}
	}

	var err error
	msg.From, err = types.Sender(s, tx)
	return msg, err
}

// ApplyMessage computes the new state by applying the given message
// against the old state within the environment.
//
// ApplyMessage returns the bytes returned by any EVM execution (if it took place),
// the gas used (which includes gas refunds) and an error if it failed. An error always
// indicates a core error meaning that the message would always fail for that particular
// state and would never be accepted within a block.
func ApplyMessage(evm *vm.EVM, msg *Message, gp *GasPool, owner common.Address) (*ExecutionResult, error) {
	return NewStateTransition(evm, msg, gp).TransitionDb(owner)
}

// StateTransition represents a state transition.
//
// == The State Transitioning Model
//
// A state transition is a change made when a transaction is applied to the current world
// state. The state transitioning model does all the necessary work to work out a valid new
// state root.
//
//  1. Nonce handling
//  2. Pre pay gas
//  3. Create a new state object if the recipient is nil
//  4. Value transfer
//
// == If contract creation ==
//
//	4a. Attempt to run transaction data
//	4b. If valid, use result as code for the new state object
//
// == end ==
//
//  5. Run Script section
//  6. Derive new state root
type StateTransition struct {
	gp           *GasPool
	msg          *Message
	gasRemaining uint64
	initialGas   uint64
	state        vm.StateDB
	evm          *vm.EVM
}

// NewStateTransition initialises and returns a new state transition object.
func NewStateTransition(evm *vm.EVM, msg *Message, gp *GasPool) *StateTransition {
	return &StateTransition{
		gp:    gp,
		evm:   evm,
		msg:   msg,
		state: evm.StateDB,
	}
}

func (st *StateTransition) from() common.Address {
	f := st.msg.From
	if !st.state.Exist(f) {
		st.state.CreateAccount(f)
	}
	return f
}

func (st *StateTransition) to() common.Address {
	if st.msg == nil {
		return common.Address{}
	}
	to := st.msg.To
	if to == nil {
		return common.Address{} // contract creation
	}
	if !st.state.Exist(*to) {
		st.state.CreateAccount(*to)
	}
	return *to
}

func (st *StateTransition) buyGas() error {
	mgval := new(big.Int).SetUint64(st.msg.GasLimit)
	mgval = mgval.Mul(mgval, st.msg.GasPrice)
	if st.msg.BalanceTokenFee == nil {
		balanceCheck := mgval
		if st.msg.GasFeeCap != nil {
			balanceCheck = new(big.Int).SetUint64(st.msg.GasLimit)
			balanceCheck = balanceCheck.Mul(balanceCheck, st.msg.GasFeeCap)
			balanceCheck.Add(balanceCheck, st.msg.Value)
		}
		if have, want := st.state.GetBalance(st.msg.From), balanceCheck; have.Cmp(want) < 0 {
			return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v have %v want %v", ErrInsufficientFunds, st.msg.From.Hex(), have, want)
		}
	} else if st.msg.BalanceTokenFee.Cmp(mgval) < 0 {
		return ErrInsufficientFunds
	}
	if err := st.gp.SubGas(st.msg.GasLimit); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if st.evm.Config.Tracer != nil && st.evm.Config.Tracer.OnGasChange != nil {
		st.evm.Config.Tracer.OnGasChange(0, st.msg.GasLimit, tracing.GasChangeTxInitialBalance)
	}
	st.gasRemaining += st.msg.GasLimit

	st.initialGas = st.msg.GasLimit
	if st.msg.BalanceTokenFee == nil {
		st.state.SubBalance(st.msg.From, mgval, tracing.BalanceDecreaseGasBuy)
	}
	return nil
}

func (st *StateTransition) preCheck() error {
	// Only check transactions that are not fake
	msg := st.msg
	if !msg.SkipNonceChecks {
		// Make sure this transaction's nonce is correct.
		stNonce := st.state.GetNonce(msg.From)
		if msgNonce := msg.Nonce; stNonce < msgNonce {
			return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v, tx: %d state: %d", ErrNonceTooHigh,
				msg.From.Hex(), msgNonce, stNonce)
		} else if stNonce > msgNonce {
			return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v, tx: %d state: %d", ErrNonceTooLow,
				msg.From.Hex(), msgNonce, stNonce)
		} else if stNonce+1 < stNonce {
			return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v, nonce: %d", ErrNonceMax,
				msg.From.Hex(), stNonce)
		}
	}
	if !msg.SkipFromEOACheck {
		// Make sure the sender is an EOA
		code := st.state.GetCode(msg.From)
		_, delegated := types.ParseDelegation(code)
		if len(code) > 0 && !delegated {
			return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v, len(code): %d", ErrSenderNoEOA, msg.From.Hex(), len(code))
		}
	}
	// Make sure that transaction gasFeeCap is greater than the baseFee (post london)
	if st.evm.ChainConfig().IsEIP1559(st.evm.Context.BlockNumber) {
		// Skip the checks if gas fields are zero and baseFee was explicitly disabled (eth_call)
		skipCheck := st.evm.Config.NoBaseFee && msg.GasFeeCap.BitLen() == 0 && msg.GasTipCap.BitLen() == 0
		if !skipCheck {
			if l := msg.GasFeeCap.BitLen(); l > 256 {
				return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v, maxFeePerGas bit length: %d", ErrFeeCapVeryHigh,
					msg.From.Hex(), l)
			}
			if l := msg.GasTipCap.BitLen(); l > 256 {
				return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v, maxPriorityFeePerGas bit length: %d", ErrTipVeryHigh,
					msg.From.Hex(), l)
			}
			if msg.GasFeeCap.Cmp(msg.GasTipCap) < 0 {
				return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v, maxPriorityFeePerGas: %s, maxFeePerGas: %s", ErrTipAboveFeeCap,
					msg.From.Hex(), msg.GasTipCap, msg.GasFeeCap)
			}
			// This will panic if baseFee is nil, but basefee presence is verified
			// as part of header validation.
			if !types.IsSpecialTx(msg.To) && msg.GasFeeCap.Cmp(st.evm.Context.BaseFee) < 0 {
				return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v, maxFeePerGas: %s baseFee: %s", ErrFeeCapTooLow,
					msg.From.Hex(), msg.GasFeeCap, st.evm.Context.BaseFee)
			}
		}
	}
	// Check that EIP-7702 authorization list signatures are well formed.
	if msg.SetCodeAuthorizations != nil {
		if msg.To == nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("%w (sender %v)", ErrSetCodeTxCreate, msg.From)
		}
		if len(msg.SetCodeAuthorizations) == 0 {
			return fmt.Errorf("%w (sender %v)", ErrEmptyAuthList, msg.From)
		}
	}
	return st.buyGas()
}

// TransitionDb will transition the state by applying the current message and
// returning the evm execution result with following fields.
//
//   - used gas:
//     total gas used (including gas being refunded)
//   - returndata:
//     the returned data from evm
//   - concrete execution error:
//     various **EVM** error which aborts the execution,
//     e.g. ErrOutOfGas, ErrExecutionReverted
//
// However if any consensus issue encountered, return the error directly with
// nil evm execution result.
func (st *StateTransition) TransitionDb(owner common.Address) (*ExecutionResult, error) {
	// First check this message satisfies all consensus rules before
	// applying the message. The rules include these clauses
	//
	// 1. the nonce of the message caller is correct
	// 2. caller has enough balance to cover transaction fee(gaslimit * gasprice)
	// 3. the amount of gas required is available in the block
	// 4. the purchased gas is enough to cover intrinsic usage
	// 5. there is no overflow when calculating intrinsic gas
	// 6. caller has enough balance to cover asset transfer for **topmost** call

	// Check clauses 1-3, buy gas if everything is correct
	if err := st.preCheck(); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	var (
		msg              = st.msg
		rules            = st.evm.ChainConfig().Rules(st.evm.Context.BlockNumber)
		contractCreation = msg.To == nil
		floorDataGas     uint64
	)

	// Check clauses 4-5, subtract intrinsic gas if everything is correct
	gas, err := IntrinsicGas(msg.Data, msg.AccessList, msg.SetCodeAuthorizations, contractCreation, rules.IsHomestead, rules.IsEIP1559)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if st.gasRemaining < gas {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: have %d, want %d", ErrIntrinsicGas, st.gasRemaining, gas)
	}
	// Gas limit suffices for the floor data cost (EIP-7623)
	if rules.IsPrague {
		floorDataGas, err = FloorDataGas(msg.Data)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		if msg.GasLimit < floorDataGas {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: have %d, want %d", ErrFloorDataGas, msg.GasLimit, floorDataGas)
		}
	}
	if t := st.evm.Config.Tracer; t != nil && t.OnGasChange != nil {
		t.OnGasChange(st.gasRemaining, st.gasRemaining-gas, tracing.GasChangeTxIntrinsicGas)
	}
	st.gasRemaining -= gas

	// Check clause 6
	value, overflow := uint256.FromBig(msg.Value)
	if overflow {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v", ErrInsufficientFundsForTransfer, msg.From.Hex())
	}
	if !value.IsZero() && !st.evm.Context.CanTransfer(st.state, msg.From, value) {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v", ErrInsufficientFundsForTransfer, msg.From.Hex())
	}

	// Check whether the init code size has been exceeded.
	if rules.IsEIP1559 && contractCreation && len(msg.Data) > params.MaxInitCodeSize {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: code size %v limit %v", ErrMaxInitCodeSizeExceeded, len(msg.Data), params.MaxInitCodeSize)
	}

	// Execute the preparatory steps for state transition which includes:
	// - prepare accessList(post-berlin)
	// - reset transient storage(eip 1153)
	st.state.Prepare(rules, msg.From, st.evm.Context.Coinbase, msg.To, vm.ActivePrecompiles(rules), msg.AccessList)

	var (
		ret   []byte
		vmerr error // vm errors do not effect consensus and are therefore not assigned to err
	)
	if contractCreation {
		ret, _, st.gasRemaining, vmerr = st.evm.Create(msg.From, msg.Data, st.gasRemaining, value)
	} else {
		// Increment the nonce for the next transaction
		st.state.SetNonce(msg.From, st.state.GetNonce(msg.From)+1)

		// Apply EIP-7702 authorizations.
		if msg.SetCodeAuthorizations != nil {
			for _, auth := range msg.SetCodeAuthorizations {
				// Note errors are ignored, we simply skip invalid authorizations here.
				st.applyAuthorization(msg, &auth)
			}
		}

		// Perform convenience warming of sender's delegation target. Although the
		// sender is already warmed in Prepare(..), it's possible a delegation to
		// the account was deployed during this transaction. To handle correctly,
		// simply wait until the final state of delegations is determined before
		// performing the resolution and warming.
		if addr, ok := types.ParseDelegation(st.state.GetCode(*msg.To)); ok {
			st.state.AddAddressToAccessList(addr)
		}

		// Execute the transaction's call.
		ret, st.gasRemaining, vmerr = st.evm.Call(msg.From, st.to(), msg.Data, st.gasRemaining, value)
	}

	// Compute refund counter, capped to a refund quotient.
	gasRefund := st.calcRefund()
	st.gasRemaining += gasRefund
	if rules.IsPrague {
		// After EIP-7623: Data-heavy transactions pay the floor gas.
		if st.gasUsed() < floorDataGas {
			prev := st.gasRemaining
			st.gasRemaining = st.initialGas - floorDataGas
			if t := st.evm.Config.Tracer; t != nil && t.OnGasChange != nil {
				t.OnGasChange(prev, st.gasRemaining, tracing.GasChangeTxDataFloor)
			}
		}
	}
	st.returnGas()

	// GasPrice of special tx is always 0, so we can skip AddBalance
	if !types.IsSpecialTx(msg.To) {
		if st.evm.Context.BlockNumber.Cmp(common.TIPTRC21Fee) > 0 {
			if (owner != common.Address{}) {
				st.state.AddBalance(owner, new(big.Int).Mul(new(big.Int).SetUint64(st.gasUsed()), msg.GasPrice), tracing.BalanceIncreaseRewardTransactionFee)
			}
		} else {
			effectiveTip := msg.GasPrice
			if rules.IsEIP1559 {
				effectiveTip = new(big.Int).Sub(msg.GasFeeCap, st.evm.Context.BaseFee)
				if effectiveTip.Cmp(msg.GasTipCap) > 0 {
					effectiveTip = msg.GasTipCap
				}
			}
			st.state.AddBalance(st.evm.Context.Coinbase, new(big.Int).Mul(new(big.Int).SetUint64(st.gasUsed()), effectiveTip), tracing.BalanceIncreaseRewardTransactionFee)
		}
	}

	return &ExecutionResult{
		UsedGas:    st.gasUsed(),
		Err:        vmerr,
		ReturnData: ret,
	}, nil
}

// validateAuthorization validates an EIP-7702 authorization against the state.
func (st *StateTransition) validateAuthorization(auth *types.SetCodeAuthorization) (authority common.Address, err error) {
	// Verify chain ID is null or equal to current chain ID.
	if !auth.ChainID.IsZero() && auth.ChainID.CmpBig(st.evm.ChainConfig().ChainID) != 0 {
		return authority, ErrAuthorizationWrongChainID
	}
	// Limit nonce to 2^64-1 per EIP-2681.
	if auth.Nonce+1 < auth.Nonce {
		return authority, ErrAuthorizationNonceOverflow
	}
	// Validate signature values and recover authority.
	authority, err = auth.Authority()
	if err != nil {
		return authority, fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", ErrAuthorizationInvalidSignature, err)
	}
	// Check the authority account
	//  1) doesn't have code or has existing delegation
	//  2) matches the auth's nonce
	//
	// Note it is added to the access list even if the authorization is invalid.
	st.state.AddAddressToAccessList(authority)
	code := st.state.GetCode(authority)
	if _, ok := types.ParseDelegation(code); len(code) != 0 && !ok {
		return authority, ErrAuthorizationDestinationHasCode
	}
	if have := st.state.GetNonce(authority); have != auth.Nonce {
		return authority, ErrAuthorizationNonceMismatch
	}
	return authority, nil
}

// applyAuthorization applies an EIP-7702 code delegation to the state.
func (st *StateTransition) applyAuthorization(msg *Message, auth *types.SetCodeAuthorization) error {
	authority, err := st.validateAuthorization(auth)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// If the account already exists in state, refund the new account cost
	// charged in the intrinsic calculation.
	if st.state.Exist(authority) {
		st.state.AddRefund(params.CallNewAccountGas - params.TxAuthTupleGas)
	}

	// Update nonce and account code.
	st.state.SetNonce(authority, auth.Nonce+1)
	if auth.Address == (common.Address{}) {
		// Delegation to zero address means clear.
		st.state.SetCode(authority, nil)
		return nil
	}

	// Otherwise install delegation to auth.Address.
	st.state.SetCode(authority, types.AddressToDelegation(auth.Address))

	return nil
}

// calcRefund computes refund counter, capped to a refund quotient.
func (st *StateTransition) calcRefund() uint64 {
	var refund uint64
	if !st.evm.ChainConfig().IsEIP1559(st.evm.Context.BlockNumber) {
		// Before EIP-3529: refunds were capped to gasUsed / 2
		refund = st.gasUsed() / params.RefundQuotient
	} else {
		// After EIP-3529: refunds are capped to gasUsed / 5
		refund = st.gasUsed() / params.RefundQuotientEIP3529
	}
	if refund > st.state.GetRefund() {
		refund = st.state.GetRefund()
	}
	if st.evm.Config.Tracer != nil && st.evm.Config.Tracer.OnGasChange != nil && refund > 0 {
		st.evm.Config.Tracer.OnGasChange(st.gasRemaining, st.gasRemaining+refund, tracing.GasChangeTxRefunds)
	}
	return refund
}

// returnGas returns ETH for remaining gas,
// exchanged at the original rate.
func (st *StateTransition) returnGas() {
	if st.msg.BalanceTokenFee == nil {
		remaining := new(big.Int).SetUint64(st.gasRemaining)
		remaining.Mul(remaining, st.msg.GasPrice)
		st.state.AddBalance(st.from(), remaining, tracing.BalanceIncreaseGasReturn)
	}

	if st.evm.Config.Tracer != nil && st.evm.Config.Tracer.OnGasChange != nil && st.gasRemaining > 0 {
		st.evm.Config.Tracer.OnGasChange(st.gasRemaining, 0, tracing.GasChangeTxLeftOverReturned)
	}

	// Also return remaining gas to the block gas counter so it is
	// available for the next transaction.
	st.gp.AddGas(st.gasRemaining)
}

// gasUsed returns the amount of gas used up by the state transition.
func (st *StateTransition) gasUsed() uint64 {
	return st.initialGas - st.gasRemaining
}