go-ethereum/trie
CPerezz 61bfacc52f
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trie/bintrie: skip clean nodes in CollectNodes to reduce commit write amplification (#34754)
## Problem

`BinaryTrie.Commit` unconditionally walked every resolved in-memory node
and flushed it into the `NodeSet`, producing one Pebble write per
resolved internal + stem node on every block — even when the node's
on-disk blob was bitwise identical to the previous commit. On a warm
400M-state workload this meant tens of thousands of redundant 65-byte
writes per block, compounding Pebble compaction pressure on every
commit.

The existing `mustRecompute` flag tracks *hash* staleness, not
*disk-blob* staleness: after `Hash()` completes, `mustRecompute` is
cleared even though the fresh blob has not been persisted. It is
therefore insufficient for a skip-flush optimization.

## Fix

Mirror the MPT committer pattern (`trie/committer.go:51-56`) by adding a
`dirty` flag on `InternalNode` and `StemNode` with the semantics *the
on-disk blob is stale*. The flag is:

- set to `true` wherever the node is created or structurally modified
(the same call sites that already set `mustRecompute = true`);
- set to `false` only after the node has been passed to the `flushfn`
inside `CollectNodes`;
- left `false` on nodes produced by `DeserializeNodeWithHash`, matching
the *loaded from disk, already persisted* semantics.

`CollectNodes` short-circuits on `!dirty` subtrees. The propagation
invariant (an ancestor of any dirty node is itself dirty) is already
maintained by the existing `InsertValuesAtStem` / `Insert` paths, which
now mirror every `mustRecompute = true` setter with a `dirty = true`
setter.

## Benchmark

New `BenchmarkCollectNodes_SparseWrite` measures commit cost when only
one leaf changes between blocks — the common case for state updates.
10,000-stem trie, one-leaf modification + Commit per iteration, Apple M4
Pro:

| | before | after | delta |
|---|---|---|---|
| time / op | 12,653,000 ns | 7,336 ns | **~1,725×** |
| bytes / op | 107,224,740 B | 37,774 B | **~2,839×** |
| allocs / op | 80,953 | 134 | **~604×** |

End-to-end impact on a real workload depends on the
resolved-footprint-to-dirty-path ratio; the new
`TestBinaryTrieCommitIncremental` provides a structural regression guard
(asserts that a Commit following a single-leaf modification flushes a
root-to-leaf path, not the whole tree).

---

Found all of this stuff while bloating my #34706 DB to make some
benchmarks. And saw we were spending A LOT OF TIME on hashing.
Hope this helps the perf a bit. Will rebase the flat-state PR on top of
this once merged.
2026-04-18 11:42:58 +02:00
..
bintrie trie/bintrie: skip clean nodes in CollectNodes to reduce commit write amplification (#34754) 2026-04-18 11:42:58 +02:00
transitiontrie cmd, core, trie, triedb: split CachingDB into merkle + binary dbs. (#34700) 2026-04-17 08:55:54 +08:00
trienode cmd, core, eth, triedb/pathdb: track node origins in the path database (#32418) 2025-09-05 10:37:05 +08:00
bytepool.go core/types, trie: reduce allocations in derivesha (#30747) 2025-10-01 10:05:49 +02:00
committer.go trie/bintrie: add eip7864 binary trees and run its tests (#32365) 2025-09-01 21:06:51 +08:00
database_test.go trie: no need to store preimage if not enabled (#32012) 2025-06-13 15:04:24 +08:00
encoding.go trie: reduce allocations in stacktrie (#30743) 2025-01-23 10:17:12 +01:00
encoding_test.go trie: reduce allocs in recHash (#27770) 2023-08-18 22:41:19 +02:00
errors.go all: fix various typos (#29600) 2024-04-23 13:09:42 +03:00
hasher.go trie: reduce the memory allocation in trie hashing (#31902) 2025-08-01 10:23:23 +08:00
inspect.go cmd/geth: add inspect trie tool to analysis trie storage (#28892) 2026-02-24 10:56:00 -07:00
inspect_test.go cmd/geth: add inspect trie tool to analysis trie storage (#28892) 2026-02-24 10:56:00 -07:00
iterator.go trie: add sub-trie iterator support (#32520) 2025-09-17 22:07:02 +08:00
iterator_test.go trie: align AllFFPrefix test assertion and message (#32719) 2025-09-24 10:36:56 +08:00
levelstats.go core, miner, trie: relocate witness stats (#34106) 2026-03-27 17:06:46 +01:00
levelstats_test.go cmd/geth: add inspect trie tool to analysis trie storage (#28892) 2026-02-24 10:56:00 -07:00
list_hasher.go core/types, trie: reduce allocations in derivesha (#30747) 2025-10-01 10:05:49 +02:00
node.go rlp: add back Iterator.Count, with fixes (#33841) 2026-02-13 23:53:42 +01:00
node_enc.go trie: reduce the memory allocation in trie hashing (#31902) 2025-08-01 10:23:23 +08:00
node_test.go trie: fix flaky test (#33711) 2026-01-29 17:22:15 +08:00
proof.go trie: error out for unexpected key-value pairs preceding the range (#33898) 2026-02-26 23:00:02 +08:00
proof_test.go trie: fix TestOneElementProof expected value message (#32738) 2025-09-24 18:57:01 -06:00
secure_trie.go cmd, core, trie, triedb: split CachingDB into merkle + binary dbs. (#34700) 2026-04-17 08:55:54 +08:00
secure_trie_test.go core/state, eth/protocols, trie, triedb/pathdb: remove unused error from trie Commit (#29869) 2024-06-12 12:23:16 +03:00
stacktrie.go core/types, trie: reduce allocations in derivesha (#30747) 2025-10-01 10:05:49 +02:00
stacktrie_fuzzer_test.go trie: do not expect ordering in stacktrie during fuzzing (#31170) 2025-02-18 10:48:42 +08:00
stacktrie_test.go trie: reduce allocations in stacktrie (#30743) 2025-01-23 10:17:12 +01:00
sync.go trie: cleaner array concatenation (#32756) 2025-10-02 17:32:20 +02:00
sync_test.go core, trie, triedb: minor changes from snapshot integration (#30599) 2024-10-18 17:06:31 +02:00
tracer.go trie/bintrie: add eip7864 binary trees and run its tests (#32365) 2025-09-01 21:06:51 +08:00
tracer_test.go trie, core/state: introduce trie Prefetch for optimizing preload (#32134) 2025-08-20 21:45:27 +08:00
trie.go core/types, trie: reduce allocations in derivesha (#30747) 2025-10-01 10:05:49 +02:00
trie_id.go all: update license comments and AUTHORS (#31133) 2025-02-05 23:01:17 +01:00
trie_reader.go trie/bintrie: add eip7864 binary trees and run its tests (#32365) 2025-09-01 21:06:51 +08:00
trie_test.go core, ethdb, triedb: add batch close (#33708) 2026-03-04 11:17:47 +01:00