go-ethereum/core/state_prefetcher.go

// Copyright 2019 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
//
// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

package core

import (
	"bytes"
	"runtime"
	"sort"
	"sync/atomic"

	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
)

// statePrefetcher is a basic Prefetcher that executes transactions from a block
// on top of the parent state, aiming to prefetch potentially useful state data
// from disk. Transactions are executed in parallel to fully leverage the
// SSD's read performance.
type statePrefetcher struct {
	config *params.ChainConfig // Chain configuration options
	chain  *HeaderChain        // Canonical block chain
}

// newStatePrefetcher initialises a new statePrefetcher.
func newStatePrefetcher(config *params.ChainConfig, chain *HeaderChain) *statePrefetcher {
	return &statePrefetcher{
		config: config,
		chain:  chain,
	}
}

// Prefetch processes the state changes according to the Ethereum rules by running
// the transaction messages using the statedb, but any changes are discarded. The
// only goal is to warm the state caches.
func (p *statePrefetcher) Prefetch(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, jumpDestCache vm.JumpDestCache, cfg vm.Config, interrupt *atomic.Bool, execIndex *atomic.Int64) {
	var (
		fails   atomic.Int64
		skips   atomic.Int64
		header  = block.Header()
		signer  = types.MakeSigner(p.config, header.Number, header.Time)
		workers errgroup.Group
		reader  = statedb.Reader()
		txs     = block.Transactions()
	)
	workers.SetLimit(max(1, 4*runtime.NumCPU()/5)) // Aggressively run the prefetching

	// Iterate over and process the individual transactions
	for _, n := range prefetchOrder(txs) {
		i, tx := n, txs[n]
		stateCpy := statedb.Copy() // closure
		workers.Go(func() error {
			// If block precaching was interrupted, abort
			if interrupt != nil && interrupt.Load() {
				return nil
			}
			// Skip transactions the main pass has already reached, warming
			// them up can not help anymore.
			if execIndex != nil && execIndex.Load() >= int64(i) {
				skips.Add(1)
				return nil
			}
			// Preload the touched accounts and storage slots in advance
			sender, err := types.Sender(signer, tx)
			if err != nil {
				fails.Add(1)
				return nil
			}
			reader.Account(sender)

			if tx.To() != nil {
				account, _ := reader.Account(*tx.To())

				// Preload the contract code if the destination has non-empty code
				if account != nil && !bytes.Equal(account.CodeHash, types.EmptyCodeHash.Bytes()) {
					reader.Code(*tx.To(), common.BytesToHash(account.CodeHash))
				}
			}
			for _, list := range tx.AccessList() {
				reader.Account(list.Address)
				if len(list.StorageKeys) > 0 {
					for _, slot := range list.StorageKeys {
						reader.Storage(list.Address, slot)
					}
				}
			}
			// Execute the message to preload the implicit touched states
			evm := vm.NewEVM(NewEVMBlockContext(header, p.chain, nil), stateCpy, p.config, cfg)
			defer evm.Release()
			if jumpDestCache != nil {
				evm.SetJumpDestCache(jumpDestCache)
			}

			// Convert the transaction into an executable message and pre-cache its sender
			msg, err := TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, header.BaseFee)
			if err != nil {
				fails.Add(1)
				return nil // Also invalid block, bail out
			}
			// Disable the nonce check
			msg.SkipNonceChecks = true

			stateCpy.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), i, uint32(i+1))

			// We attempt to apply a transaction. The goal is not to execute
			// the transaction successfully, rather to warm up touched data slots.
			if _, err := ApplyMessage(evm, msg, nil); err != nil {
				fails.Add(1)
				return nil // Ugh, something went horribly wrong, bail out
			}
			return nil
		})
	}
	workers.Wait()

	blockPrefetchTxsValidMeter.Mark(int64(len(txs)) - fails.Load() - skips.Load())
	blockPrefetchTxsInvalidMeter.Mark(fails.Load())
	blockPrefetchTxsSkippedMeter.Mark(skips.Load())
	return
}

// prefetchPromoteGas is the gas limit above which a transaction is promoted
// to the front of the prefetch queue. Below it the worker pool keeps up with
// the main pass in block order anyway.
const prefetchPromoteGas = 1_000_000

// prefetchOrder returns the submission order of the block transactions.
// Heavy transactions go first, giving them a head start over the main
// pass, while the rest stays in block order.
func prefetchOrder(txs types.Transactions) []int {
	order := make([]int, len(txs))
	for i := range order {
		order[i] = i
	}
	sort.SliceStable(order, func(a, b int) bool {
		gasA, gasB := txs[order[a]].Gas(), txs[order[b]].Gas()
		if gasA < prefetchPromoteGas && gasB < prefetchPromoteGas {
			return false // regular transactions keep block order
		}
		return gasA > gasB // heavier transactions go first
	})
	return order
}