## Why this should be merged
The `temporary.WithTempRegisteredExtras()` global lock introduced in
#234 wasn't fit for purpose when used in `coreth` as it required central
coordination of registration, types, and usage of the payload accessor.
## How this works
Instead of a central registration point, the new
`libevm.WithTemporaryExtrasLock()` function takes out a global lock and
provides the caller with a handle that proves the lock is held. All of
the override functions, e.g. `params.WithTempRegisteredExtras()` now
require a current lock, which will be propagated by the respective
`coreth` functions.
See https://github.com/ava-labs/coreth/pull/1328 for intended usage in
`coreth` and `subnet-evm`. A consumer of both of these can then safely
do the following:
```go
import (
"github.com/ava-labs/libevm/libevm"
coreth "github.com/ava-labs/coreth/plugin/evm"
subnet "github.com/ava-labs/subnet-evm/plugin/evm"
)
// asCChain calls `fn` while emulating `coreth`. It is safe for concurrent usage with [asSubnetEVM].
func asCChain(fn func() error) error {
return libevm.WithTemporaryExtrasLock(func(l libevm.ExtrasLock) error {
return coreth.WithTempRegisteredLibEVMExtras(l, fn)
})
}
// asSubnetEVM calls `fn` while emulating `subnet-evm`. It is safe for concurrent usage with [asCChain].
func asSubnetEVM(fn func() error) error {
return libevm.WithTemporaryExtrasLock(func(l libevm.ExtrasLock) error {
return subnet.WithTempRegisteredLibEVMExtras(l, fn)
})
}
```
## How this was tested
Unit test of the new function plus existing integration tests of all
modified code.
## Why this should be merged
Version increase across all `ava-labs` EVM-related code.
## How this works
Bump to 1.24.8 in both `go.mod` files + requisite version increase for
`golangci-lint`.
## How this was tested
Existing tests.
---------
Co-authored-by: Austin Larson <austin.larson@avalabs.org>
## Why this should be merged
The `vm.PrecompileEnvironment.Call()` method requires careful usage
because of reentrancy vulnerabilities (this is common to all outgoing
`CALL`s in the EVM, not just stateful precompiles). This package
provides a common method of protection, a reentrancy guard.
## How this works
Provides a function that returns `vm.ErrExecutionReverted` if called
twice, by the same contract, in the same transaction, with the same
identifier.
## How this was tested
Unit and integration tests.
## Why this should be merged
Registration of extras requires runtime enforcement of payload types. In
production, only a single set of types can be registered and any
attempts at re-registration will panic (by design). Although this makes
production usage safe, it doesn't allow downstream consumers (e.g. data
indexers) to use extras from different chains (e.g. `coreth` _and_
`subnet-evm`) at the same time.
## How this works
1. The `libevm/register.AtMostOnce` type can now be overridden
temporarily.
2. `params`, `core/types`, `core/vm`, and `state` packages introduce
`WithTempRegisteredExtras()` functions.
3. `libevm/temporary.WithRegisteredExtras()` provides "atomic" override
of all extras.
In all cases, the scope of the override is limited to the life of a
single function call.
## How this was tested
Relative to numbered list above:
1. Unit test of new and existing functionality.
2. Integration tests of both packages, demonstrating both payload and
behavioural override.
## Why this should be merged
Adds default-value support to the `options` package, which could
previously only create configured types from zero values.
## How this works
Exposes the option-application loop as the `ApplyTo()` function and
refactors `As()` to share this code path.
## How this was tested
Testable example acting as a unit test.
## Why this should be merged
Provides precompiles with unambiguous access to contextual addresses,
without the consumer needing to understand how they change under
different call types.
## How this works
The `libevm.AddressContext` type, which used to carry 3 addresses, now
provides different versions of `Caller` and `Self`. The EVM-semantic
versions are as defined by the rules of the EVM (and available before
this change). The raw versions are the unmodified caller and self.
## How this was tested
Extension of existing UTs to include raw addresses in addition to
existing, EVM-semantic ones.
## Why this should be merged
`ava-labs/coreth` has a partitioned state-address space, achieved by
setting or clearing a specific bit in the hash used to key the space.
This change allows such behaviour to be achieved with pure `libevm`
instead of the `StateDB` wrapping that `coreth` currently uses.
## How this works
Introduction of `state.StateDBHooks` interface, including a
`TransformStateKey()` method that allows for arbitrary change of state
key. If registered, this hook will be honoured by
`StateDB.{Get,GetCommitted,State}Key()` methods unless they receive a
`stateconf.SkipStateKeyTransformation` option.
## How this was tested
Unit test of `SetState() -> GetState() + GetCommittedState()` round trip
with and without options to skip.
## Why this should be merged
`goheader` linter apparently hasn't been running but now decided to and
is blocking another PR. It's not worth the time to investigatie why
(probably a version update).
## How this works
Update header comments as required.
## How this was tested
N/A
## Why this should be merged
To allow more thorough handling of duplicate state roots (or any other
info other users would like), additional information can be provided to
a call of `statedb.Commit`. This change allows arbitrary types to be
sent to `triedb` as well as the `SnapshotTree`. However, this is a
breaking change for those using the functionality already, since the
snapshot commit option is wrapped with another call.
## How this works
See the edited libevm test for usage.
## How this was tested
Edited test case to include `TrieDBUpdateOption` and ensures the payload
is sent.
## Why this should be merged
Required for
[ACP-194](https://github.com/avalanche-foundation/ACPs/tree/main/ACPs/194-streaming-asynchronous-execution#gas-charged)
$\lambda$ bound on gas consumption.
## How this works
Hook into `core.StateTransition.TransitionDb()` as this is the bottom of
all execution paths (e.g. `core.ApplyTransaction()` as used in SAE,
`core.StateProcessor.Process(*Block,...)`, etc.). Once consumed gas is
no longer changing (i.e. after all spends and refunds), the transaction
limit is passed to the hook to determine the minimum consumption, which
is applied.
## How this was tested
Unit test via `core.ApplyTransaction()` as this is our entry point in
SAE.
---------
Signed-off-by: Arran Schlosberg <519948+ARR4N@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Stephen Buttolph <stephen@avalabs.org>
## Why this should be merged
Our old strategy of only cherry-picking on release branches made the
`main` branch incompatible with dependent repos.
## How this works
The goal of the old strategy was to avoid cherry-picking on the same
branch to which we would later merge the duplicated, upstream commit.
This can instead be achieved by tracking the cherry-picked commits and
reverting them as part of the geth sync. Since we already do this for
our own changes and a single cherry-pick (see #128), there's no need to
use the two approaches simultaneously.
This PR deletes the cherry-picking mechanism and removes the
release-branch test that enforced its proper usage. It will be followed
up by a series of PRs, one per cherry-pick that would have otherwise
been placed on release branches.
## How this was tested
n/a
## Why this should be merged
Exposes API implementations for use by SAE.
## How this works
Type aliases and constructor propagation.
## How this was tested
N/A
- Use grep `-E` flag instead of `-P` flag so it works on all platforms
- Add `-S` flag to `git cherry-pick` since it doesn't always sign all commits after resolving conflicts
## Why this should be merged
Debugging release-branch test failures in CI but not locally.
## How this works
Logs `HEAD` before testing branch properties.
## How this was tested
NA
## Why this should be merged
Safer release process by enforcing invariants of `release/*` branches as
automated in #137 to fulfil #25.
## How this works
New test for `go_tooling` CI job.
If the PR target branch is `main` then only the `params.ReleaseType` is
checked. If the target is neither `main` nor a release branch then the
test is skipped. The checks performed on `release/*` branches are
described in the test.
## How this was tested
Locally against a dummy release branch with deliberate problems created
by (a) including this PR's changes in the final commit and (b) not
updating the libevm version.
```
$ go test -v ./... --target_branch="release/v1.13.14-0.1.0.rc.3"
=== RUN TestCherryPicksFormat
--- PASS: TestCherryPicksFormat (0.39s)
=== RUN TestBranchProperties
=== RUN TestBranchProperties/branch_name
release_test.go:172:
Error Trace: .../ava-labs/libevm/libevm/tooling/release/release_test.go:172
Error: Not equal:
expected: "release/v1.13.14-0.1.0.beta"
actual : "release/v1.13.14-0.1.0.rc.3"
Diff:
--- Expected
+++ Actual
@@ -1 +1 @@
-release/v1.13.14-0.1.0.beta
+release/v1.13.14-0.1.0.rc.3
Test: TestBranchProperties/branch_name
release_test.go:175: On release branch; params.LibEVMReleaseType = "beta", which is unsuitable for release branches
=== RUN TestBranchProperties/commit_history
release_test.go:192: Forked from "main" at commit 4c6e50e7d1 (chore: module-renaming workflow inverts between `libevm` and `geth` (#152))
release_test.go:314: ### History since fork from default branch (8 commits):
release_test.go:316: internal/build, rpc: add missing HTTP response body Close() calls (#29223) by Shiming Zhang <wzshiming@hotmail.com>
release_test.go:316: core/state: fix bug in statedb.Copy and remove unnecessary preallocation (#29563) by Aaron Chen <aaronchen.lisp@gmail.com>
release_test.go:316: params: print time value instead of pointer in ConfigCompatError (#29514) by Nathan <Nathan.l@nodereal.io>
release_test.go:316: eth/gasprice: add query limit for FeeHistory to defend DDOS attack (#29644) by Nathan <Nathan.l@nodereal.io>
release_test.go:316: core/state/snapshot: add a missing lock (#30001) by maskpp <maskpp266@gmail.com>
release_test.go:316: crypto: add IsOnCurve check (#31100) by Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>
release_test.go:316: internal/ethapi: fix panic in debug methods (#31157) by Sina M <1591639+s1na@users.noreply.github.com>
release_test.go:316: x by Arran Schlosberg <me@arranschlosberg.com>
=== RUN TestBranchProperties/commit_history/cherry_picked_commits
release_test.go:314: ### Expected cherry-picks (7 commits):
release_test.go:316: internal/build, rpc: add missing HTTP response body Close() calls (#29223) by Shiming Zhang <wzshiming@hotmail.com>
release_test.go:316: core/state: fix bug in statedb.Copy and remove unnecessary preallocation (#29563) by Aaron Chen <aaronchen.lisp@gmail.com>
release_test.go:316: params: print time value instead of pointer in ConfigCompatError (#29514) by Nathan <Nathan.l@nodereal.io>
release_test.go:316: eth/gasprice: add query limit for FeeHistory to defend DDOS attack (#29644) by Nathan <Nathan.l@nodereal.io>
release_test.go:316: core/state/snapshot: add a missing lock (#30001) by maskpp <maskpp266@gmail.com>
release_test.go:316: crypto: add IsOnCurve check (#31100) by Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>
release_test.go:316: internal/ethapi: fix panic in debug methods (#31157) by Sina M <1591639+s1na@users.noreply.github.com>
=== RUN TestBranchProperties/commit_history/final_commit
release_test.go:365: Modified disallowed file "go.yml"
release_test.go:365: Modified disallowed file "go.mod"
release_test.go:365: Modified disallowed file "go.sum"
release_test.go:365: Modified disallowed file "release_test.go"
--- FAIL: TestBranchProperties (2.07s)
--- FAIL: TestBranchProperties/branch_name (0.00s)
--- FAIL: TestBranchProperties/commit_history (2.07s)
--- PASS: TestBranchProperties/commit_history/cherry_picked_commits (1.81s)
--- FAIL: TestBranchProperties/commit_history/final_commit (0.01s)
FAIL
FAIL github.com/ava-labs/libevm/libevm/tooling/release 2.712s
FAIL
```
## Why this should be merged
`memsize` blocks usage of Go 1.23. We'll be building with 1.23 via
`avalanchego` anyway (which doesn't transitively import `memsize`) so we
want to run tests with the correct version. It will also unblock #154.
## How this works
✂️
We already cherry-pick the upstream commit
(e4675771ed) that removes `memsize` when
on release branches so we instead do it ourselves and no longer
cherry-pick. To avoid conflicts at the next `geth` sync, this PR should
be reverted before performing the merge. See #128.
## How this was tested
Existing tests.
## Why this should be merged
Adds logging of `libevm` modification of default behaviour.
## How this works
1. Introduces `log.Lazy` functions to allow expensive logging operations
to be computed i.f.f. required by the logging level.
2. Adds `Info` logging for registration of types and `Debug` logging for
all else.
3. Only paths that change behaviour in a potentially unpredictable
manner are logged; of note, RLP / JSON encoding is _not_ considered
unpredictable given that registered extras are logged.
4. The minimal viable package, `set`, was necessary because we don't
want to depend on `avalanchego` and the `hashicorp/go-set` latest
version requires a later version of Go. #153 tracks a swap to the latter
when possible.
The `eth/tracers/internal/tracetest` test flaked at least twice
(unrelated to these changes) so I've marked it as such since it's not
worth a separate PR.
## How this was tested
New unit test on `log.Lazy` + `set` methods. Existing CI for the rest as
it's a refactor.
## Why this should be merged
A separately cherry-picked commit, the fix for `StateDB.Copy()`,
requires Go 1.23 for use of the `maps` package. This, however, breaks
`memsize`, which was later removed later from `geth` for the same
reason.
## How this works
All release branches will now cherry-pick ethereum/go-ethereum#30253.
## How this was tested
Updated list of cherry-picks applied to #142, which [passed
tests](https://github.com/ava-labs/libevm/actions/runs/13371460014/job/37340683594).
## Why this should be merged
Simplify testing in #130.
## How this works
Backwards-compatibility tests were originally created in `package
types_test` because the first one uses `ethtest` and would have caused a
circular dependency. None of the later tests have this issue so they
were moved into `package types`. The `cmpeth` test utility isn't
currently needed anywhere else so its functionality is collapsed inside
this new file.
## How this was tested
N/A as simply moving existing tests to different files.
- remaining gas higher than the input gas is not allowed (otherwise it would overflow as well)
- remaining gas can be equal to the input gas
- add new test and `vm.PrecompileEnvironment` stub
## Why this should be merged
Allows for modification of `types.Body` payload data + RLP encoding
without placing the entire RLP burden on the `libevm` user as we did
with `types.HeaderHooks`.
## How this works
RLP encoding of a struct is simply a concatenation of RLP encodings of
fields, encompassed by an RLP "list". The
`AppendRLPFields(rlp.EncoderBuffer, ...)` hook exploits this and plugs
in before all `rlp:"optional"`-tagged fields to allow for inclusion of
any new fields. The `EncoderBuffer` SHOULD be used as the `io.Writer`
passed when encoding each field: `rlp.Encode(buffer, fieldValue)`.
`Body` doesn't have `{En,De}codeRLP` methods so they are implemented to
identically replicate original behaviour when a no-op hook is present.
This pattern is sufficient for the `ava-labs/coreth` modifications of
`Body` but can be modified / extended for more complex scenarios, like
`Header`.
> [!NOTE]
> This PR does not include registration of the hooks as that was not the
initial goal and adding them would create too much PR bloat. There is a
placeholder `var todoRegisteredBodyHooks` global variable that can only
be set in tests.
## How this was tested
- Backwards compatibility: the new methods are fuzzed against a `type
withoutMethods Body` passed directly to `rlp.{En,De}code()`
- `coreth` compatibility: unit test of a local implementation of
`BodyHooks` demonstrating reproducibility of RLP encoding.
---------
Signed-off-by: Arran Schlosberg <519948+ARR4N@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Quentin McGaw <quentin.mcgaw@avalabs.org>
## Why this should be merged
Aligns precompiled contracts with the pattern used in
`vm.EVMInterpreter` for regular contracts and simplifies gas accounting
by using existing mechanisms. The most notable simplification occurs
when there are multiple error paths that return early and have to
account for consumed gas (any local solution would likely just mirror
this one).
This forms part of a broader, long-term direction of feature parity
between precompiled and bytecode contracts, exposed via
`vm.PrecompileEnvironment`.
The `vm.Contract.Value()` method is also exposed as a natural
accompaniment to this change.
## How this works
The original signature for `vm.PrecompiledStatefulContract` received the
amount of gas available and then returned the amount remaining; this has
been removed in lieu of exposing the existing `vm.Contract.UseGas()`
method via the `vm.PrecompileEnvironment`. A new `legacy` package wraps
the old signature and converts it to a new one so `ava-labs/coreth`
doesn't need to be refactored.
```go
func oldPrecompile(env vm.PrecompileEnvironment, input []byte, gas uint64) ([]byte, uint64, error) {
// ...
if err != nil {
return nil, gas - gasCost, err // pattern susceptible to bugs; should it be `nil, gas, err` ?
}
// ...
return output, gas - gasCost, nil
}
func newPrecompile(env vm.PrecompileEnvironment, input []byte) ([]byte, error) {
// The original `gas` argument is still available as `env.Gas()`
// ...
if !env.UseGas(gasCost) { // an explicit point at which gas is consumed
return nil, vm.ErrOutOfGas
}
// ...
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// ...
return output, nil
}
```
## How this was tested
Existing unit test modified to use the `legacy` adaptor.
---------
Signed-off-by: Arran Schlosberg <519948+ARR4N@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Quentin McGaw <quentin.mcgaw@gmail.com>
## Why this should be merged
Replaces #86. That approach couldn't be replicated for generated JSON
marshalling, and this once also reduces the upstream delta.
## How this works
AST manipulation of a specified file, which finds specified methods and
modifies their names to be unexported.
## How this was tested
Inspection of the output (`core/types/gen_header_rlp.go` remains
unchanged).
## Why this should be merged
We're making changes to very sensitive code that, if broken, can result
in block hashes being different.
## How this works
Change-detector test.
## How this was tested
A randomly filled `types.Header` with expected RLP locked as a constant
in the test.
## Why this should be merged
There are 3 places at which we perform the same, sensitive logic to
access registered payloads and as we modify more types this is likely to
expand. (e.g. `types.Header`).
## How this works
Introduces `pseudo.Accessor` to abstract the reusable code.
## How this was tested
Existing unit tests. Note that the `types.StateAccount` tests needed a
minor refactor to provide the assertions with access to the
`ExtraPayloads[T]` without introducing generic types anywhere.
## Why this should be merged
Consolidates duplicated logic. Similar rationale to #84.
## How this works
New `register.AtMostOnce[T]` type is responsible for limiting calls to
`Register()`.
## How this was tested
Existing unit tests of `params`. Note that the equivalent functionality
in `types` wasn't tested but now is.
## Why this should be merged
Allows for a drop-in replacement of `snapshot.Tree` (i.e. one that uses
block hashes instead of state roots). This is intended as a temporary
solution while we investigate having the state root affected by the
block hash to remove path ambiguity.
## How this works
Introduction of:
1. `state.SnapshotTree` interface to match methods required on
`snapshot.Tree` as used by `state.StateDB`; and
2. `stateconf` package for variadic options plumbed by
`StateDB.Commit()` through to `SnapshotTree.Update()`.
Although variadic (to maintain function call-signature compatibility)
only the `stateconf.WithUpdatePayload(any)` is expected to be used.
Recipients of the options can access the payload with
`stateconf.ExtractUpdatePayload()`.
## How this was tested
Unit test demonstrating propagation of `stateconf.UpdateOption` payload.
## Why this should be merged
Performs trie prefetching concurrently, required for equivalent
performance with `coreth` / `subnet-evm` implementations.
## How this works
`StateDB.StartPrefetcher()` accepts variadic options (for backwards
compatibility of function signatures). An option to specify a
`WorkerPool` is provided which, if present, is used to call
`Trie.Get{Account,Storage}()`; the pool is responsible for concurrency
but does not need to be able to wait on the work as that is handled by
this change.
## How this was tested
Unit test demonstrating hand-off of work to a `WorkerPool` as well as
API-guaranteed ordering of events.
## Why this should be merged
Simplifies the creation and application of variadic options; this is
also applicable to many of my other WIP branches (e.g. `snapshot`).
## How this works
See `libevm/options/options.go`, which is very simple.
## How this was tested
Existing tests of `vm.PrecompileEnvironment.Call()`, which itself uses
refactored options.
## Why this should be merged
Cleans up loose ends after renaming the Go module. Also adds an
introduction to the README to explain the purpose of libevm.
## How this works
The changed hash in the workflow is just a fix (although a no-op). The
spaces after the copyright headers are to stop them from [showing up in
documentation](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ava-labs/libevm@v1.13.14-0.1.0-rc.1/params).
## How this was tested
n/a
* refactor: abstract `testonly` package
* test: `StateAccount.Extra` via `trie.StateTrie.{Update,Get}Account()`
* chore: `types.TestOnlyClearRegisteredExtras()` at beginning of tests
This is a purely defensive approach in case future tests forget to clean up.
* chore: placate the linter
Some of the changes in the full commit history were merged into `libevm` as part of #43 in `336a289` and then merged back into this branch as `5b15698`. Cherry-picking commits was not possible as some touched both halves of the changes; the squash-merges will, however, make this convoluted history irrelevant.
* feat: `types.StateAccount` pseudo-generic payload
* feat: registration of `StateAccount` payload type
* chore: mark `eth/tracers/logger` flaky
* chore: copyright header + `gci`
* test: lock default `types.SlimAccount` RLP encoding
* feat: `vm.SlimAccount.Extra` from `StateAccount` equiv
* chore: placate the linter
* test: `pseudo.Type.EncodeRLP()`
* test: `pseudo.Type.DecodeRLP()`
* fix: `pseudo.Type.DecodeRLP()` with non-pointer type
* feat: `pseudo.Type.IsZero()` and `Type.Equal(*Type)`
* feat: `types.StateAccountExtra.DecodeRLP()`
* fix: remove unnecessary `StateAccountExtra.clone()`
* refactor: readability
* feat: `pseudo.Type.Format()` implements `fmt.Formatter`
All commits except the last two constitute PRs #43 and #44. The last two reverted files such that only changes to the `pseudo` and `ethtest` packages remain; once this is merged into the `libevm` branch then `libevm` will be merged into the branch for #44 too. Cherry-picking commits was not possible as some touched both halves of the changes; the squash-merges will, however, make this convoluted history irrelevant.
* feat: `types.StateAccount` pseudo-generic payload
* feat: registration of `StateAccount` payload type
* chore: mark `eth/tracers/logger` flaky
* chore: copyright header + `gci`
* test: lock default `types.SlimAccount` RLP encoding
* feat: `vm.SlimAccount.Extra` from `StateAccount` equiv
* chore: placate the linter
* test: `pseudo.Type.EncodeRLP()`
* test: `pseudo.Type.DecodeRLP()`
* fix: `pseudo.Type.DecodeRLP()` with non-pointer type
* feat: `pseudo.Type.IsZero()` and `Type.Equal(*Type)`
* feat: `types.StateAccountExtra.DecodeRLP()`
* chore: revert non-pseudo-package modifications
* chore: delete non-pseudo-package additions
* refactor!: `RulesHooks.CanCreateContract()` via `defer`
`TestCanCreateContract` is unchanged and merely moved to the appropriate file.
* feat!: `RulesHooks.CanCreateContract()` accepts and returns gas
* chore: move `TestCanCreateContract` to original file
Simplifies code review
* chore: pacify linter
* refactor!: revert to non-deferred call (not at start)
* chore: `golangci-lint` CI workflow
* fix: make `golangci-lint` happy
* chore: bump `actions/{checkout,setup-go}` versions
* chore: overhaul `.golanci.yml` config
* fix: all linter issues
* chore: exclude non-libevm linters + change deprecated option
* fix: add overflow check in example
* fix: try again; different local version?
* chore: this is trying my patience
* chore: enable `gci` and fix ordering
* chore: mark `ethclient/gethclient` test as flaky
* chore: mark `eth/catalyst` test as flaky
* refactor: extra types `C` + `R` are never plumbed as `*C` / `*R`
* refactor: force use of `pseudo.Constructor.Zero()` instead of `NilPointer()`
* feat: `pseudo.PointerTo()`
* feat: `params.ExtraPayloadGetter[C,R].PointerFromChainConfig(...) *C` and `Rules => *R` equiv
* test: shallow copy of `ChainConfig`/`Rules` includes extras
* feat: pseudo-generic extra payloads in `params.ChainConfig` and `params.Rules`
* feat: `params.ExtraPayloadGetter` for end-user type safety
* refactor: payloads only available through `params.ExtraPayloadGetter`
* chore: make `libevm/examples/extraparams` a `params` testable example
* doc: `libevm/pseudo` package comments and improved readability
* doc: `params.*Extra*` comments and improved readability
* doc: `params.ExtraPayloadGetter` comments and improved readability
* doc: `params/config.libevm_test.go` comments and improved readability
* refactor: simplify `params.ChainConfig.UnmarshalJSON()`
* refactor: abstract new/nil-pointer creation into `pseudo.Constructor`s
* feat: precompile override via `params.Extras` hooks
* doc: flesh out `PrecompileOverride()` in example
* doc: complete commentary and improve readability
* refactor: `ChainConfig.Hooks()` + `Rules` equivalent
* chore: rename precompiles test file in keeping with geth equivalent
* feat: stateful precompiles + allowlist hooks
The allowlist hooks are included in this commit because they allow for the same functionality as stateful precompiles in `ava-labs/coreth` and `ava-labs/subnet-evm`.
* fix: `StateTransition.canExecuteTransaction()` used `msg.From` instead of `To`
* test: `params.RulesHooks.CanCreateContract` integration
* test: `params.RulesHooks.CanExecuteTransaction` integration
* test: `vm.NewStatefulPrecompile()` integration
* refactor: simplify test of `CanCreateContract`
* refactor: abstract generation of random `Address`/`Hash` values
* doc: full documentation + readability refactoring/renaming
* fix: remove circular dependency in tests
