go-ethereum/docs/interacting-with-geth/rpc/ns-eth.md
2024-09-20 10:58:11 +03:00

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eth Namespace Documentation for the JSON-RPC API "eth" namespace

Documentation for the API methods in the eth namespace can be found on ethereum.org. Geth provides several extensions to the standard "eth" JSON-RPC namespace that are defined below.

eth_simulateV1

The eth_simulateV1 method allows the simulation of multiple blocks and transactions without creating transactions or blocks on the blockchain. It functions similarly to eth_call, but offers more control. Like eth_call, eth_simulateV1 has a maximum gas limit for the entire simulation.

Parameters: The method takes two parameters:

  1. Object - eth_simulate payload
  2. Quantity | Tag - The block number or the string latest, specifying the parent block for the simulation. The simulated blocks will be built on top of this.

The eth_simulate payload structure:

Field Type Optional Default Description
blockStateCalls BlockStateCalls False N/A Definition of blocks that can contain calls and overrides
traceTransfers Binary Yes False Adds ETH transfers as ERC20 transfer events to the logs. These transfers have emitter contract parameter set as address(0xeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee). This allows you to track movements of ETH in your calls.
validation Binary Yes False When true, the eth_simulateV1 does all the validation that a normal EVM would do, except contract sender and signature checks. When false, eth_simulateV1 behaves like eth_call.
returnFullTransactions Binary Yes False When true, the method returns full transaction objects, otherwise, just hashes are returned.

BlockStateCalls is an array of objects, the single object definition is described below. The size of this array may be limited depending on the client as a DOS protection. 256 is a common/recommended limit as it is the same limit used by BLOCKHASH opcode.

Field Type Description
blockOverrides BlockOverrides Overrides fields such as block number or time in a simulated block.
stateOverrides StateOverrides State overrides can be used to replace existing blockchain state with new state.
calls GenericCallTransaction[] An aray of transaction call objects. Please see here for details.

The BlockOverrides object is as follows:

Field Type Description
number uint64 Block number. When overriding multiple blocks, block numbers must increment. Skipping numbers is allowed and skipped blocks are included in the response.
prevRandao uint256 The previous value of randomness beacon
time uint64 When overriding time across multiple blocks, time need to be increasing. If time is not specified, it's incremented by one for each block.
gasLimit uint64 Gas limit
feeRecipient address Fee recipient (also known as coinbase)
withdrawals Withdrawals Withdrawals made by validators
baseFeePerGas uint256 Base fee per unit of gas
blobBaseFee uint64 Base fee per unit of blob gas

The object withdrawals is an array of withdrawal objects:

Field Type Description
index uint64 index
validatorIndex uint64 validator index
address address address
amount uint64 amount

The StateOverrides is a dictionary of addresses that will be overriden with the AccountOverride object. The account overriding works similar to the eth_call, except there's one added field: movePrecompileToAddress. Move precompile to address moves addresses precompile into the specified address. This move is done before the code override is set. So you can move the precompile somewhere else, and replace the precompile with any EVM bytecode. This EVM bytecode can then call the original precompile in the new address. This makes the most sense for ecrecover precompile. When the specified address is not a precompile, the behaviour is undefined.

Field Type Optional Description
nonce uint64 Yes Nonce
balance uint256 Yes ETH Balance
code bytes Yes EVM bytecode
movePrecompileToAddress address Yes Moves precompile to given address
state AccountStorage either state or stateDiff is mandatory Key-value mapping to override all slots in the account storage before executing the call. This functions similar to eth_call's state parameter.
stateDiff AccountStorage either state or stateDiff is mandatory Key-value mapping to override individual slots in the account storage before executing the call. This functions similar to eth_call's state parameter.

Output On a succesfull eth_simulateV1 call, an array of generated full blocks is returned (the same object that you would get with eth_getBlockByHash, except with an added calls field), otherwise an error is returned. The blocks contain calls field that is defined as follows:

On failure:

Field Type Description
status "0x0" Status indicating that the transaction failed
returnData bytes Transactions return data
gasUsed uint64 Gas used by the transaction
error { code: uint64, message: string, data: bytes } Error code, data and message

On success:

Field Type Description
status "0x1" Status indicating that the transaction succeeded
returnData bytes Transactions return data
gasUsed uint64 Gas used by the transaction
logs CallResultLog[] Error code and message

the CallResultLog is object of form:

Field Type Description
logIndex uint256 Log index
blockHash hash32 Block hash
blockNumber uint64 Block number
transactionHash hash32 Transaction hash
transactionIndex uint256 Transaction index
address address Contract that sent the log. When trace transfers is enabled, this field is 0xeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee for ETH transfers.
data bytes Event data
topics bytes32[] Array of topics

Example: Here's an simple eth_simulateV1 call that sets blocks baseFeePerGas to 9, gives us 0.00000002 ETH and then we send ETH to two addresses. You can find that the output has two logs produced by these ETH sends. This is because we have set traceTransfers to true.

{
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "id": 1,
    "method": "eth_simulateV1",
    "params": [
        {
            "blockStateCalls": [
                {
                    "blockOverrides": {
                        "baseFeePerGas": "0x9"
                    },
                    "stateOverrides": {
                        "0xc000000000000000000000000000000000000000": {
                            "balance": "0x4a817c800"
                        }
                    },
                    "calls": [
                        {
                            "from": "0xc000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
                            "to": "0xc000000000000000000000000000000000000001",
                            "maxFeePerGas": "0xf",
                            "value": "0x1"
                        },
                        {
                            "from": "0xc000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
                            "to": "0xc000000000000000000000000000000000000002",
                            "maxFeePerGas": "0xf",
                            "value": "0x1"
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "validation": true,
            "traceTransfers": true
        },
        "latest"
    ]
}

Example response:

{
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "id": 1,
    "result": [
        {
            "baseFeePerGas": "0x9",
            "blobGasUsed": "0x0",
            "calls": [
                {
                    "returnData": "0x",
                    "logs": [
                        {
                            "address": "0xeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee",
                            "topics": [
                                "0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef",
                                "0x000000000000000000000000c000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
                                "0x000000000000000000000000c000000000000000000000000000000000000001"
                            ],
                            "data": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001",
                            "blockNumber": "0x13d2747",
                            "transactionHash": "0xe7217784e0c3f7b35d39303b1165046e9b7e8af9b9cf80d5d5f96c3163de8f51",
                            "transactionIndex": "0x0",
                            "blockHash": "0x5e28f54a56dc9df973a058cd54b3eeef8c67a1a613cb5db1df8a0a434c931d56",
                            "logIndex": "0x0",
                            "removed": false
                        }
                    ],
                    "gasUsed": "0x5208",
                    "status": "0x1"
                },
                {
                    "returnData": "0x",
                    "logs": [
                        {
                            "address": "0xeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee",
                            "topics": [
                                "0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef",
                                "0x000000000000000000000000c000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
                                "0x000000000000000000000000c000000000000000000000000000000000000002"
                            ],
                            "data": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001",
                            "blockNumber": "0x13d2747",
                            "transactionHash": "0xf0182201606ec03701ba3a07d965fabdb4b7d06b424f226ea7ec3581802fc6fa",
                            "transactionIndex": "0x1",
                            "blockHash": "0x5e28f54a56dc9df973a058cd54b3eeef8c67a1a613cb5db1df8a0a434c931d56",
                            "logIndex": "0x1",
                            "removed": false
                        }
                    ],
                    "gasUsed": "0x5208",
                    "status": "0x1"
                }
            ],
            "difficulty": "0x0",
            "excessBlobGas": "0x0",
            "extraData": "0x",
            "gasLimit": "0x1c9c380",
            "gasUsed": "0xa410",
            "hash": "0x5e28f54a56dc9df973a058cd54b3eeef8c67a1a613cb5db1df8a0a434c931d56",
            "logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
            "miner": "0x4838b106fce9647bdf1e7877bf73ce8b0bad5f97",
            "mixHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
            "nonce": "0x0000000000000000",
            "number": "0x13d2747",
            "parentBeaconBlockRoot": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
            "parentHash": "0xd24222b93a05a066cf79dc20e333f5aa6bb06d36eb50eb2b6b0b744b937e7975",
            "receiptsRoot": "0x75308898d571eafb5cd8cde8278bf5b3d13c5f6ec074926de3bb895b519264e1",
            "sha3Uncles": "0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347",
            "size": "0x298",
            "stateRoot": "0xbb0740745211507e2a2a6cdb627dfa171ef5050ad2a01e5401c2e3df4be5b919",
            "timestamp": "0x66ec2853",
            "totalDifficulty": "0xc70d815d562d3cfa955",
            "transactions": [
                "0xe7217784e0c3f7b35d39303b1165046e9b7e8af9b9cf80d5d5f96c3163de8f51",
                "0xf0182201606ec03701ba3a07d965fabdb4b7d06b424f226ea7ec3581802fc6fa"
            ],
            "transactionsRoot": "0x9bdb74f3ce41f5893a02a631e904ae0d21ae8c4e416786d8dbd9cb5c54f1dc0f",
            "uncles": [],
            "withdrawals": [],
            "withdrawalsRoot": "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421"
        }
    ]
}

eth_subscribe, eth_unsubscribe

These methods are used for real-time events through subscriptions. See the subscription documentation for more information.

eth_call

Executes a new message call immediately, without creating a transaction on the block chain. The eth_call method can be used to query internal contract state, to execute validations coded into a contract or even to test what the effect of a transaction would be without running it live.

Parameters:

The method takes 4 parameters: an unsigned transaction object to execute in read-only mode; the block number to execute the call against; an optional state override-set to allow executing the call against a modified chain state; and an optional set of overrides for the block context.

  1. Object - Transaction call object

    The transaction call object is mandatory. Please see here for details.

  2. Quantity | Tag - Block number or the string latest or pending

    The block number is mandatory and defines the context (state) against which the specified transaction should be executed. It is not possible to execute calls against reorged blocks; or blocks older than 128 (unless the node is an archive node).

  3. Object - State override set

    The state override set is an optional address-to-state mapping, where each entry specifies some state to be ephemerally overridden prior to executing the call. Each address maps to an object containing:

    Field Type Bytes Optional Description
    balance Quantity <32 Yes Fake balance to set for the account before executing the call.
    nonce Quantity <8 Yes Fake nonce to set for the account before executing the call.
    code Binary any Yes Fake EVM bytecode to inject into the account before executing the call.
    state Object any Yes Fake key-value mapping to override all slots in the account storage before executing the call.
    stateDiff Object any Yes Fake key-value mapping to override individual slots in the account storage before executing the call.

    The goal of the state override set is manyfold:

    • It can be used by DApps to reduce the amount of contract code needed to be deployed on chain. Code that simply returns internal state or does pre-defined validations can be kept off chain and fed to the node on-demand.
    • It can be used for smart contract analysis by extending the code deployed on chain with custom methods and invoking them. This avoids having to download and reconstruct the entire state in a sandbox to run custom code against.
    • It can be used to debug smart contracts in an already deployed large suite of contracts by selectively overriding some code or state and seeing how execution changes. Specialized tooling will probably be necessary.

    Example:

    {
      "0xd9c9cd5f6779558b6e0ed4e6acf6b1947e7fa1f3": {
        "balance": "0xde0b6b3a7640000"
      },
      "0xebe8efa441b9302a0d7eaecc277c09d20d684540": {
        "code": "0x...",
        "state": {
          ""
        }
      }
    }
    
  4. Object - Block override set

    The fields of this optional object customize the block as part of which the call is simulated. The object contains the following fields:

    Field Type Bytes Optional Description
    number Quantity <32 Yes Fake block number
    difficulty Quantity <32 Yes Fake difficulty. Note post-merge difficulty should be 0.
    time Quantity <8 Yes Fake block timestamp
    gasLimit Quantity <8 Yes Block gas capacity
    coinbase String 20 Yes Block fee recipient
    random Binary 32 Yes Fake PrevRandao value
    baseFee Quantity <32 Yes Block base fee (see EIP-1559)
    blobBaseFee Quantity <32 Yes Block blob base fee (see EIP-4844)

Response:

The method returns a single Binary consisting the return value of the executed contract call.

eth_call Simple example

note that this example uses the Rinkeby network, which is now deprecated

With a synced Rinkeby node with RPC exposed on localhost (geth --rinkeby --http) we can make a call against the CheckpointOracle to retrieve the list of administrators:

curl --data '{"method":"eth_call","params":[{"to":"0xebe8efa441b9302a0d7eaecc277c09d20d684540","data":"0x45848dfc"},"latest"],"id":1,"jsonrpc":"2.0"}' -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST localhost:8545

And the result is an Ethereum ABI encoded list of accounts:

{
  "id": 1,
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "result": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004000000000000000000000000d9c9cd5f6779558b6e0ed4e6acf6b1947e7fa1f300000000000000000000000078d1ad571a1a09d60d9bbf25894b44e4c8859595000000000000000000000000286834935f4a8cfb4ff4c77d5770c2775ae2b0e7000000000000000000000000b86e2b0ab5a4b1373e40c51a7c712c70ba2f9f8e"
}

Just for the sake of completeness, decoded the response is:

0xd9c9cd5f6779558b6e0ed4e6acf6b1947e7fa1f3,
0x78d1ad571a1a09d60d9bbf25894b44e4c8859595,
0x286834935f4a8cfb4ff4c77d5770c2775ae2b0e7,
0xb86e2b0ab5a4b1373e40c51a7c712c70ba2f9f8e

eth_call Override example

The above simple example showed how to call a method already exposed by an on-chain smart contract. What if we want to access some data not exposed by it?

We can gut out the original checkpoint oracle contract with one that retains the same fields (to retain the same storage layout), but one that includes a different method set:

pragma solidity ^0.5.10;

contract CheckpointOracle {
    mapping(address => bool) admins;
    address[] adminList;
    uint64 sectionIndex;
    uint height;
    bytes32 hash;
    uint sectionSize;
    uint processConfirms;
    uint threshold;

    function VotingThreshold() public view returns (uint) {
        return threshold;
    }
}

With a synced Rinkeby node with RPC exposed on localhost (geth --rinkeby --http) we can make a call against the live Checkpoint Oracle, but override its byte code with our own version that has an accessor for the voting threshold field:

curl --data '{"method":"eth_call","params":[{"to":"0xebe8efa441b9302a0d7eaecc277c09d20d684540","data":"0x0be5b6ba"}, "latest", {"0xebe8efa441b9302a0d7eaecc277c09d20d684540": {"code":"0x6080604052348015600f57600080fd5b506004361060285760003560e01c80630be5b6ba14602d575b600080fd5b60336045565b60408051918252519081900360200190f35b6007549056fea265627a7a723058206f26bd0433456354d8d1228d8fe524678a8aeeb0594851395bdbd35efc2a65f164736f6c634300050a0032"}}],"id":1,"jsonrpc":"2.0"}' -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST localhost:8545

And the result is the Ethereum ABI encoded threshold number:

{
  "id": 1,
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "result": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002"
}

Just for the sake of completeness, decoded the response is: 2.

eth_createAccessList

This method creates an EIP2930 type accessList based on a given Transaction. The accessList contains all storage slots and addresses read and written by the transaction, except for the sender account and the precompiles. This method uses the same transaction call object and blockNumberOrTag object as eth_call. An accessList can be used to unstuck contracts that became inaccessible due to gas cost increases.

Parameters:

Field Type Description
transaction Object TransactionCall object
blockNumberOrTag Object Optional, blocknumber or latest or pending

Usage:

curl --data '{"method":"eth_createAccessList","params":[{"from": "0x8cd02c6cbd8375b39b06577f8d50c51d86e8d5cd", "data": "0x608060806080608155"}, "pending"],"id":1,"jsonrpc":"2.0"}' -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST localhost:8545

Response:

The method eth_createAccessList returns list of addresses and storage keys used by the transaction, plus the gas consumed when the access list is added.

That is, it gives the list of addresses and storage keys that will be used by that transaction, plus the gas consumed if the access list is included. Like eth_estimateGas, this is an estimation; the list could change when the transaction is actually mined. Adding an accessList to a transaction does not necessary result in lower gas usage compared to a transaction without an access list.

Example:

{
  "accessList": [
    {
      "address": "0xa02457e5dfd32bda5fc7e1f1b008aa5979568150",
      "storageKeys": [
        "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000081",
      ]
    }
  ]
  "gasUsed": "0x125f8"
}

eth_getHeaderByNumber

Returns a block header.

Parameters:

Field Type Description
blockNumber Quantity Block number

Usage:

curl localhost:8545 -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_getHeaderByNumber","params":["0x10823a8"],"id":0}'

Response:

{
  "baseFeePerGas": "0x6c3f71624",
  "difficulty": "0x0",
  "extraData": "0x496c6c756d696e61746520446d6f63726174697a6520447374726962757465",
  "gasLimit": "0x1c9c380",
  "gasUsed": "0x1312759",
  "hash": "0x4574b6f248bf3295f76ae797454f4ec21c8ef5b53c0f7fee8534b65623d9360a",
  "logsBloom": "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",
  "miner": "0xdafea492d9c6733ae3d56b7ed1adb60692c98bc5",
  "mixHash": "0xec33ce424110ddd8f7e7db1cbc1261a63e44dacd158b4e801566cd6d5849295b",
  "nonce": "0x0000000000000000",
  "number": "0x10823a8",
  "parentHash": "0x956846b5012b1df4f4c928b85db2f6456b2faed2c0ca136e89c928a87ceec69c",
  "receiptsRoot": "0x89b73c221ca0d721f8805edbecbf55524b0556dc5111680bac1c4dd02a286457",
  "sha3Uncles": "0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347",
  "size": "0x25e",
  "stateRoot": "0xe38ef58ddfbf00b03f7bd431fca306e5fcaecc138f4208501d2588657a65a0f3",
  "timestamp": "0x646a982b",
  "totalDifficulty": "0xc70d815d562d3cfa955",
  "transactionsRoot": "0xe44699ea734cee851a852db4d257617c8369b8a7e68bd54b6de829377234017b",
  "withdrawalsRoot": "0x917f5a8e4d652233a80b0973ff20bde517ed2a6a93defe7e99c5263089453e17"
}

eth_getHeaderByHash

Returns a block header.

Parameters:

Field Type Description
blockHash string Block hash

Usage:

curl localhost:8545 -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_getHeaderByHash","params":["0x4574b6f248bf3295f76ae797454f4ec21c8ef5b53c0f7fee8534b65623d9360a"],"id":0}'

Response:

{
  "baseFeePerGas": "0x6c3f71624",
  "difficulty": "0x0",
  "extraData": "0x496c6c756d696e61746520446d6f63726174697a6520447374726962757465",
  "gasLimit": "0x1c9c380",
  "gasUsed": "0x1312759",
  "hash": "0x4574b6f248bf3295f76ae797454f4ec21c8ef5b53c0f7fee8534b65623d9360a",
  "logsBloom": "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",
  "miner": "0xdafea492d9c6733ae3d56b7ed1adb60692c98bc5",
  "mixHash": "0xec33ce424110ddd8f7e7db1cbc1261a63e44dacd158b4e801566cd6d5849295b",
  "nonce": "0x0000000000000000",
  "number": "0x10823a8",
  "parentHash": "0x956846b5012b1df4f4c928b85db2f6456b2faed2c0ca136e89c928a87ceec69c",
  "receiptsRoot": "0x89b73c221ca0d721f8805edbecbf55524b0556dc5111680bac1c4dd02a286457",
  "sha3Uncles": "0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347",
  "size": "0x25e",
  "stateRoot": "0xe38ef58ddfbf00b03f7bd431fca306e5fcaecc138f4208501d2588657a65a0f3",
  "timestamp": "0x646a982b",
  "totalDifficulty": "0xc70d815d562d3cfa955",
  "transactionsRoot": "0xe44699ea734cee851a852db4d257617c8369b8a7e68bd54b6de829377234017b",
  "withdrawalsRoot": "0x917f5a8e4d652233a80b0973ff20bde517ed2a6a93defe7e99c5263089453e17"
}